CN113036132B - Polymer composition for nonaqueous secondary battery and nonaqueous secondary battery - Google Patents
Polymer composition for nonaqueous secondary battery and nonaqueous secondary battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN113036132B CN113036132B CN202011531655.3A CN202011531655A CN113036132B CN 113036132 B CN113036132 B CN 113036132B CN 202011531655 A CN202011531655 A CN 202011531655A CN 113036132 B CN113036132 B CN 113036132B
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- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol dimethacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOC(=O)C(C)=C STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfuryl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CO1 XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007602 hot air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004029 hydroxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940094506 lauryl betaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052960 marcasite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011325 microbead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- TVWWSIKTCILRBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trisulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo](=S)=S TVWWSIKTCILRBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGVYTRVYOYKZSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butoxy-2-methylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CCCCONC(=O)C(C)=C UGVYTRVYOYKZSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- DVEKCXOJTLDBFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-dodecyl-n,n-dimethylglycinate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O DVEKCXOJTLDBFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DBJLJFTWODWSOF-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) fluoride Chemical compound F[Ni]F DBJLJFTWODWSOF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JPMIIZHYYWMHDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N octhilinone Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN1SC=CC1=O JPMIIZHYYWMHDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrite Chemical compound [Fe+2].[S-][S-] NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052683 pyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001927 ruthenium tetroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/44—Polymerisation in the presence of compounding ingredients, e.g. plasticisers, dyestuffs, fillers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
- C08F220/16—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
- C08F220/18—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/52—Amides or imides
- C08F220/54—Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide
- C08F220/56—Acrylamide; Methacrylamide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F265/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof as defined in group C08F20/00
- C08F265/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof as defined in group C08F20/00 on to polymers of esters
- C08F265/06—Polymerisation of acrylate or methacrylate esters on to polymers thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/34—Introducing sulfur atoms or sulfur-containing groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D133/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D133/24—Homopolymers or copolymers of amides or imides
- C09D133/26—Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylamide or methacrylamide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/63—Additives non-macromolecular organic
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
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- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The present invention provides a polymer composition for a nonaqueous secondary battery and a nonaqueous secondary battery, which can exhibit good cycle characteristics and initial capacity. A polymer composition for nonaqueous secondary batteries, which comprises polymer particles, wherein the Young's modulus of the polymer particles is 1.5GPa or less, the elastic deformation power of the polymer particles is 50% or less, and the swelling degree of an electrolyte solution of the polymer particles is 1.5 times or less.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a polymer composition for a nonaqueous secondary battery and a nonaqueous secondary battery.
Background
Conventionally, as a method for manufacturing an electrode used in an electrochemical device such as a lithium ion secondary battery, the following method has been proposed: the electrode layer is formed on the current collector by adding a binder, a thickener, or the like to the electrode active material, applying the resulting liquid composition to the surface of the current collector, and then drying the composition. Here, a styrene-butadiene copolymer latex is known as a binder which has high adhesion to a metal constituting a current collector and can form an electrode layer having high flexibility. The binder functions to improve the adhesion between the electrode layer containing the active material and the current collector or separator, but the adhesion between the copolymer latex and the current collector or separator may be insufficient. If the adhesion is insufficient, the charge-discharge cycle characteristics of the secondary battery tend to be impaired.
In view of the above, patent document 1 proposes to use, as a binder, a granular polymer formed of a polymer capable of swelling with respect to an electrolyte solution by a predetermined swelling degree, and having a core-shell structure including a core portion and a shell portion partially covering an outer surface of the core portion.
Prior art literature
Patent literature
Patent document 1: japanese patent No. 6436078
Disclosure of Invention
Problems to be solved by the invention
According to the binder described in patent document 1, it is considered that a lithium ion secondary battery excellent in adhesion to an electrolyte and low-temperature output characteristics can be obtained. On the other hand, the present inventors have found that the core-shell structure described in patent document 1 has insufficient barrier properties of the shell portion, and as a result, there is room for improvement in suppression of swelling in the electrolyte. Further, it is difficult to achieve a high level of both of these properties according to the technique described in patent document 1, because the swelling in the electrolyte is suppressed and the flexibility is ensured.
The present invention has been made in view of the problems of the prior art described above, and an object of the present invention is to provide a polymer composition for a nonaqueous secondary battery and a nonaqueous secondary battery which can exhibit good cycle characteristics and initial capacity.
Means for solving the problems
The present inventors have conducted intensive studies and as a result, have found that the above problems can be achieved by using polymer particles having specific physical properties, and have completed the present invention.
That is, the present invention includes the following modes.
[1]
A polymer composition for nonaqueous secondary batteries, which comprises polymer particles, wherein,
The Young's modulus of the polymer particles is 1.5GPa or less,
The elastic deformation power of the polymer particles is 50% or less,
The polymer particles have a swelling degree of the electrolyte solution of 1.5 times or less.
[2]
The polymer composition for a nonaqueous secondary battery according to [1], wherein,
The above polymer particles have a core-shell structure comprising a core portion and a shell portion,
The Young's modulus of the core is 0.1GPa or less.
[3]
The polymer composition for a nonaqueous secondary battery according to [2], wherein the electrolyte swelling degree of the shell portion is 1.10 times or less.
[4]
The polymer composition for a nonaqueous secondary battery according to [2] or [3], wherein,
The core portion contains 40 to 80 mass% of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester, and the shell portion contains 15 to 60 mass% of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or an alkali metal salt thereof and 0 to 45 mass% of an N atom-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer, based on 100 mass% of all the ethylenically monomers constituting the core-shell structure,
When the total of the ethylenic monomers constituting the core-shell structure is 100 parts by mass, the core-shell structure contains not more than 0.1 part by mass of the alkylene oxide structure and not more than 0.3 part by mass of the sulfonic acid or a salt thereof.
[5]
The polymer composition for a nonaqueous secondary battery according to any one of [2] to [4], wherein the shell portion contains 15 mass% to 30 mass% of the N-atom-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer, based on 100 mass% of all the ethylenically unsaturated monomers constituting the core-shell structure.
[6]
The polymer composition for a nonaqueous secondary battery according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein a maximum value of glass transition temperature of the polymer particles measured by DSC is 20 ℃ or less.
[7]
The polymer composition for a nonaqueous secondary battery according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein the average particle diameter of the polymer particles is 50nm to 800 nm.
[8]
The polymer composition for a nonaqueous secondary battery according to any one of [2] to [7], wherein the mass ratio of the core portion in the core-shell structure is 0.4 to 0.8.
[9]
The polymer composition for a nonaqueous secondary battery according to any one of [1] to [8], wherein the polymer composition further comprises 0.0001 parts by mass to 1.0 parts by mass of an isothiazolin-based compound per 100 parts by mass of the polymer particles.
[10]
A nonaqueous secondary battery comprising the polymer composition for nonaqueous secondary battery of any one of [1] to [9 ].
ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS OF INVENTION
According to the present invention, a polymer composition for a nonaqueous secondary battery and a nonaqueous secondary battery which can exhibit good cycle characteristics and initial capacity can be provided.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention (hereinafter, also referred to as "present embodiments") will be described in detail. The present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and may be implemented by various modifications within the scope of the gist thereof.
[ Polymer composition for nonaqueous Secondary Battery ]
The polymer composition for nonaqueous secondary batteries of the present embodiment (hereinafter also referred to as "the composition of the present embodiment") is a polymer composition for nonaqueous secondary batteries comprising polymer particles, wherein the young's modulus of the polymer particles is 1.5GPa or less, the elastic deformation power of the polymer particles is 50% or less, and the swelling degree of the electrolyte solution of the polymer particles is 1.5 times or less. The composition of the present embodiment is excellent in handleability and can exhibit good battery characteristics because of the above-described structure.
(Physical Properties of Polymer particles)
The Young's modulus of the polymer particles in this embodiment is 1.5GPa or less. Here, young's modulus is an index for evaluating the softness of the polymer particles, and by setting this value to 1.5GPa or less, the softness is excellent. From this point of view, the Young's modulus is preferably 1.3GPa or less, more preferably 1.0GPa or less.
Young's modulus can be measured by the method described in examples described below.
The young's modulus can be adjusted to the above range by including a preferable amount of a preferable monomer component described later as a constituent component of the polymer particles.
The elastic deformation power of the polymer particles in the present embodiment is preferably 50% or less. Here, the elastic deformation power is an index for evaluating the recovery ability against deformation of the polymer particles, and by setting the value to 50% or less, stress relaxation is facilitated. From this point of view, the elastic deformation power is preferably 45% or less, more preferably 40% or less.
The elastic deformation power can be measured by the method described in examples described below.
The elastic deformation power can be adjusted to the above range by including a preferable amount of a preferable monomer component or the like described later as a constituent component of the polymer particles.
The polymer particles in this embodiment have a swelling degree of the electrolyte solution of 1.5 times or less. Here, the electrolyte swelling degree is an index for evaluating the resistance of the polymer particles to the electrolyte, and by setting the value to 1.5 times or less, the adhesion force with the current collector or separator can be maintained even in the electrolyte. From this point of view, the electrolyte swelling degree is preferably 1.3 times or less, more preferably 1.2 times or less.
The swelling degree of the electrolyte can be measured by the method described in examples described later.
The degree of swelling of the electrolyte solution can be adjusted to the above range by including a preferable amount of a preferable monomer component or the like described later as a constituent component of the polymer particles.
As described above, in the polymer particles of the present embodiment, since the young's modulus, the elastic deformation power, and the electrolyte swelling degree satisfy the predetermined ranges, the suppression of swelling in the electrolyte and the securing of softness in the conventional relationship between the two can be simultaneously achieved, and therefore the composition of the present embodiment is excellent in handleability and can exhibit good battery characteristics.
The polymer particles in this embodiment preferably have a core-shell structure including a core portion and a shell portion. By having such a structure, the polymer particles in the present embodiment easily ensure the physical properties desired in the present embodiment.
In this embodiment, the Young's modulus of the core is preferably 0.1GPa or less, more preferably 0.07GPa or less, and still more preferably 0.04GPa or less, from the viewpoint of improving the flexibility of the polymer particles.
As described above, in the case where the young's modulus in the core portion of the polymer particle in the present embodiment satisfies a specific range, stress relaxation tends to be more excellent.
The Young's modulus of the core portion can be measured by the method described in examples described later.
The Young's modulus of the core portion can be adjusted to the above range by including a preferable amount of a preferable monomer component or the like described later as a constituent component of the polymer particles.
In this embodiment, the swelling degree of the electrolyte in the shell portion is preferably 1.10 times or less, more preferably 1.05 times or less, and still more preferably 1.01 times or less, from the viewpoint of further improving the resistance to the electrolyte.
The swelling degree of the electrolyte in the shell portion can be measured by the method described in examples described later.
The swelling degree of the electrolyte solution in the shell portion can be adjusted to the above range by including a preferable amount of a preferable monomer component or the like described later as a constituent component of the polymer particles.
In the polymer particles of the present embodiment, the maximum value of the glass transition temperature of the polymer particles measured by DSC is preferably 20 ℃ or less, more preferably 10 ℃ or less, and still more preferably 0 ℃ or less, from the viewpoint of further improving flexibility.
In the present embodiment, the maximum value of the glass transition temperature of the core portion is preferably 20 ℃ or less, more preferably 10 ℃ or less, and still more preferably 0 ℃ or less, from the viewpoint of further improving the flexibility of the polymer particles.
In the present embodiment, the minimum value of the glass transition temperature of the shell portion is preferably 200 ℃ or higher, more preferably 250 ℃ or higher, and still more preferably 300 ℃ or higher, from the viewpoint of improving reliability at high temperature.
The glass transition temperatures can be measured by the methods described in examples described below, and the above ranges can be adjusted by including a preferable amount of a preferable monomer component described below as a constituent component of the polymer particles.
In the polymer particles of the present embodiment, the average particle diameter is preferably 50nm to 800nm, more preferably 100nm to 700nm, and even more preferably 200nm to 600nm, from the viewpoint of contributing to stress relaxation.
The average particle diameter can be measured by the method described in examples described later, and can be adjusted to the above ranges by the monomer composition ratio of the constituent components of the polymer particles, the polymerization temperature, the emulsifier, and the like.
In the core-shell structure of the present embodiment, the mass ratio of the core portion is preferably 0.40 to 0.80, more preferably 0.45 to 0.75, and even more preferably 0.50 to 0.70, from the viewpoint of improving balance between the swelling inhibition and flexibility in the electrolyte.
The mass ratio can be measured by the method described in examples described later, and the mixing ratio of the monomer components of the polymer particles can be adjusted to the above range, respectively.
(Composition of Polymer particles)
In the polymer particles of the present embodiment, from the viewpoint of adjusting the young's modulus, the elastic deformation power, and the electrolyte swelling degree to the preferred ranges, it is preferable that: the core portion contains 40 to 80 mass% of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester, the shell portion contains 15 to 60 mass% of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or an alkali metal salt thereof, and 0 to 45 mass% of an N-atom-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer, when the total amount of the ethylenically monomers constituting the core-shell structure is 100 parts by mass, the core portion contains 0.1 parts by mass or less of an alkylene oxide structure, and 0.3 parts by mass or less of a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof.
The content of each unit may be determined by analyzing the polymer particles by a conventional method, or may be determined in the form of the feed ratio of each monomer.
The content of each unit is described in detail below.
In the present embodiment, the core portion preferably contains 40 to 80 mass% of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester, and the content is more preferably 45 to 75 mass%, and even more preferably 50 to 70 mass%, when the total amount of the ethylenically monomers constituting the core-shell structure is 100 mass%, from the viewpoint of contributing to stress relaxation.
In this embodiment, from the viewpoint of further suppressing swelling in the electrolyte, improving cycle characteristics, and further improving adhesion to other members, the shell portion preferably contains 15 to 60 mass% of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or an alkali metal salt thereof, more preferably 18 to 50 mass%, and still more preferably 20 to 40 mass%, when the total amount of the ethylenically monomers constituting the core-shell structure is 100 mass%.
In this embodiment, from the viewpoint of further suppressing swelling in the electrolyte solution and improving cycle characteristics, the shell portion preferably contains 0 to 45 mass% of an N atom-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer, more preferably 10 to 30 mass%, still more preferably 20 to 25 mass%, when 100 mass% of the total ethylenically monomers constituting the core-shell structure.
In the present embodiment, the content of the alkylene oxide structure is preferably 0.1 part by mass or less, more preferably 0.08 parts by mass or less, and even more preferably 0.05 parts by mass or less, based on 100 parts by mass of the total of the alkylene monomers constituting the core-shell structure, from the viewpoint of improving the defoaming property and forming a composition having more excellent handleability. The lower limit of the content of the alkylene oxide structure is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 0.02 parts by mass or 0.01 parts by mass. In the same manner, the content of the sulfonic acid or its salt is preferably 0.3 parts by mass or less, more preferably 0.2 parts by mass or less, and still more preferably 0.1 parts by mass or less, based on 100 parts by mass of the total of the ethylenic monomers constituting the core-shell structure. The lower limit is not particularly limited as the content of the sulfonic acid or its salt is smaller, and may be, for example, 0.05 parts by mass or 0.03 parts by mass.
The monomer (raw material monomer) constituting the polymer particles in the present embodiment is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester, an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or an alkali metal salt thereof, an ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing an N atom, and a monomer copolymerizable with these, and these monomers may be present in any part of the core portion and the shell portion.
Examples of the ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester include, but are not particularly limited to, methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, n-propyl (meth) acrylate, isopropyl (meth) acrylate, n-butyl (meth) acrylate, isobutyl (meth) acrylate, n-pentyl (meth) acrylate, isopentyl (meth) acrylate, hexyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hexyl (meth) acrylate, octyl (meth) acrylate, isononyl (meth) acrylate, decyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxymethyl (meth) acrylate, and hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate. They may be used alone or in combination of 2 or more.
Among the above components, an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester having a glass transition temperature of 20 ℃ or lower after the formation of a homopolymer is preferably used in view of flexibility, and a monofunctional ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester is preferably used in view of adjusting the elastic deformation power to a preferable range. In this embodiment, ethyl acrylate is particularly preferable in view of the stability of the polymer particles.
The ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include fumaric acid, itaconic acid, acrylic acid, and methacrylic acid. They may be used alone or in combination of 2 or more.
Among the above components, methacrylic acid is preferred in terms of stability of the polymer particles.
The N-atom-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include aminoethyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, diethylaminoethyl acrylate, 2-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-methylolacrylamide, glycidyl methacrylamide, N-butoxymethacrylamide and the like. They may be used alone or in combination of 2 or more.
Among the above components, acrylamide and methacrylamide are preferred from the viewpoint of stability of the polymer particles.
The monomer copolymerizable with the monomer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an aromatic vinyl compound, a vinyl cyanide compound, and the like.
The aromatic vinyl compound is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include styrene, α -methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, vinyltoluene, chlorostyrene, and divinylbenzene, and may be used alone or in combination of 2 or more.
The vinyl cyanide compound is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, and α -chloroacrylonitrile, and these monomers may be used singly or in combination of 1 or more than 2.
(Use)
The composition of the present embodiment may contain various known optional components in addition to the polymer particles of the present embodiment, depending on the application. The use of the composition of the present embodiment is not particularly limited as long as it can be used as one material for a nonaqueous secondary battery, and it can be used as a negative electrode material, a positive electrode material, a separator material, and the like, and is particularly preferably used as a negative electrode material.
Hereinafter, when the composition of the present embodiment is used for the production of a negative electrode, a positive electrode, or a separator, it is particularly referred to as "composition for producing a battery material". Here, in the case of manufacturing a negative electrode using the composition for manufacturing a battery material, the composition for manufacturing a battery material may contain the polymer particles, the negative electrode active material, and optional components in the present embodiment, if necessary. In the case of producing a positive electrode using the composition for producing a battery material, the composition for producing a battery material may contain the polymer particles, the positive electrode active material, and optional components in the present embodiment, if necessary. In addition, in the case of producing a separator using the composition for producing a battery material, the composition for producing a battery material may contain the polymer particles, the separator raw material, and optional components in the present embodiment, if necessary.
On the other hand, when the composition of the present embodiment does not contain any of the negative electrode active material, the positive electrode active material, and the separator raw material, the composition can be used as an additive for manufacturing a battery material. That is, the composition of the present embodiment is referred to as "composition for adhesive" when used for adhesive application, and as "composition for thickener" when used for thickener application.
As described above, the term "composition of the present embodiment" may include "composition for manufacturing a battery material", "composition for a binder", and "composition for a thickener", and the polymer particles in the present embodiment are included in any use, which is the same. In any case, when the composition of the present embodiment contains an optional component, the kind, mixing ratio, and the like of the optional component are not particularly limited, and may be appropriately determined according to the application.
In the case of producing a negative electrode from the composition for producing a battery material, the negative electrode active material that can be used is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a carbon-based active material and a silicon-based active material.
The carbon-based active material is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include graphite, carbon fiber, coke, hard carbon, mesophase Carbon Microbeads (MCMB), furfuryl alcohol resin fired body (PFA), and conductive polymer (polyparaphenylene, etc.).
The silicon-based active material is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include silicon, siO x (0.01. Ltoreq.x < 2), an alloy of silicon and a transition metal, and the like.
In the case of producing a positive electrode from the composition for producing a battery material, the positive electrode active material that can be used is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include lithium-containing composite oxides, transition metal fluorides, transition metal sulfides, and the like.
The lithium-containing composite oxide is not particularly limited, and may be LiCoO2、LiMnO2、LiNiO2、LiMn2O4、LiXCoYSnZO2、LiFePO4、LiXCoYSnZO2, for example.
The transition metal oxide is not particularly limited, and may be MnO2、MoO3、V2O5、V6O13、Fe2O3、Fe3O4, for example.
The transition metal fluoride is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include CuF 2、NiF2.
The transition metal sulfide is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include TiS 2、TiS3、MoS3、FeS2.
In this embodiment, the adhesive composition preferably contains the polymer particles of this embodiment, and 0.0001 parts by mass to 1.0 part by mass of an isothiazolin-based compound per 100 parts by mass of the polymer particles. When the above range is satisfied, hysteresis viscosity behavior against shearing force can be suppressed, and more stable coatability tends to be exhibited. The isothiazolin-based compound is not particularly limited, and various known compounds may be used, and examples thereof include 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 1, 2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, 2-N-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 4, 5-dichloro-2-N-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 2-ethyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 4, 5-dichloro-2-cyclohexyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-2-ethyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-2-tert-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 4-chloro-2-N-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-2-N-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, N-N-butyl-1, 2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, N-benzisothiazoline-3-one, N-methylbenzothiazolin-3-one and N-benzisothiazoline-3-one, N-pentylbenzoisothiazolin-3-one, N-isopentylbenzisothiazolin-3-one, N-hexylbenzisothiazolin-3-one, N-allylbenzisothiazolin-3-one, N- (2-butenyl) benzisothiazolin-3-one, and the like. Of these, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is preferred.
In addition, the adhesive composition of the present embodiment may contain an antifoaming agent as an optional ingredient.
Examples of the defoaming agent include mineral oil-based, silicone-based, acrylic-based, and polyether-based various defoaming agents. When the defoaming agent is contained, the defoaming property tends to be more excellent.
In this case, the kind, mixing ratio, and the like of the optional components are not particularly limited.
(Method for producing Polymer composition for nonaqueous Secondary Battery)
The method for producing the composition of the present embodiment is not particularly limited, and it is preferably produced by the following production method (hereinafter also referred to as "the production method of the present embodiment"). That is, in order to obtain a composition containing polymer particles having a core-shell structure, a method of emulsion polymerization using the above-described raw material monomer or the like is preferable. Suitable seed particles may be used in the polymerization, and seed particles may be obtained by conventional emulsion polymerization. In addition, a known method can be used in emulsion polymerization, and a polymerization initiator, a molecular weight regulator, a chelating agent, a pH regulator, an emulsifier, and the like can be suitably used in an aqueous medium.
The emulsifier is not particularly limited, and for example, an anionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, a reactive surfactant, or the like may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
The anionic surfactant is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include sulfate esters of higher alcohols, alkylbenzenesulfonate, aliphatic sulfonate, sulfate esters of polyethylene glycol alkyl ethers, and the like.
The nonionic surfactant is not particularly limited, and for example, an alkyl ester type, an alkyl ether type, an alkylphenyl ether type, or the like of polyethylene glycol is used.
The amphoteric surfactant is not particularly limited, and for example, a betaine type surfactant such as lauryl betaine or stearyl betaine, an amino acid type surfactant such as lauryl- β -alanine, stearyl- β -alanine, or lauryl di (aminoethyl) glycine is used.
The reactive surfactant is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include polyoxyethylene alkylpropenylphenyl ether, α - [1- [ (allyloxy) methyl ] -2- (nonylphenoxy) ethyl ] - ω -hydroxypolyoxyethylene, and the like.
The polymerization initiator is not particularly limited, and for example, a water-soluble polymerization initiator such as sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, etc., an oil-soluble polymerization initiator such as benzoyl peroxide, lauryl peroxide, etc., a redox-type polymerization initiator based on a combination with a reducing agent, etc., may be used alone or in combination.
In the production method of the present embodiment, conditions such as stirring speed, polymerization temperature, reaction (polymerization) time and the like are not particularly limited as long as the composition of the present embodiment can be obtained. Typically, the stirring speed may be usually 50rpm to 500rpm, the polymerization temperature may be usually 50℃to 100℃and the reaction time may be usually 3 hours to 72 hours.
In the method of producing the present embodiment, after the polymer particles are obtained as described above, the polymer particles may be dispersed in a dispersion medium as necessary, and optional components may be added to obtain the composition of the present embodiment. As the dispersion medium, water may be used, or an organic solvent suitable for the active material may be used as needed.
(Nonaqueous secondary battery)
The nonaqueous secondary battery of the present embodiment can be produced using the composition of the present embodiment. In other words, the nonaqueous secondary battery of the present embodiment includes the composition of the present embodiment.
In the case where the nonaqueous secondary battery of the present embodiment is a lithium ion secondary battery, typical components thereof include a negative electrode, a negative electrode current collector, a positive electrode current collector, a separator, and an electrolyte, and at least 1 of the main components (negative electrode, positive electrode, and separator) of the nonaqueous secondary battery of the present embodiment may be obtained using the composition of the present embodiment, that is, at least 1 of the main components may include the composition of the present embodiment.
The case where each part contains the composition of the present embodiment can be determined by whether the polymer particles in the present embodiment are contained in the part.
The method for producing the nonaqueous secondary battery according to the present embodiment is not particularly limited, and, in the case of a lithium ion secondary battery, there may be mentioned: and a method in which the composition of the present embodiment is applied to a current collector, heated and dried to form a corresponding electrode, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are opposed to each other with a separator interposed therebetween, and an electrolyte is injected to seal the electrodes. The negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited, and for example, copper foil is used, and the positive electrode current collector is not particularly limited, and for example, aluminum foil is used. The electrolyte is not particularly limited, and for example, an electrolyte such as LiClO 4、LiBF4、LiPF6 dissolved in an organic solvent may be used. The organic solvent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include ethers, ketones, lactones, nitriles, amines, amides, carbonates, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and examples thereof include tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, butyronitrile, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, and diethyl carbonate, and they may be used as a mixture of one or more of them.
The coating method is not particularly limited, and any coater head such as a reverse roll coater, comma bar coater, gravure coater, air knife coater, or the like may be used. The drying method is not particularly limited, and for example, a stand drying method, a blow drying method, a hot air drying method, an infrared heater, a far infrared super heater, or the like may be used. The drying temperature is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 60℃to 150 ℃.
Examples
The present embodiment will be described more specifically with reference to examples, but the present embodiment is not limited to these examples. For convenience of explanation, terms such as "composition" and "coating liquid" are used in the following examples, but they are concepts included in the composition of the present embodiment.
Example 1
Ion-exchanged water was added to the reactor, and the temperature was raised and maintained at 65℃with stirring. After sodium persulfate (hereinafter also referred to as "NPS") as a polymerization initiator was added thereto, a solution of methacrylic acid (hereinafter also referred to as "MAA") and methacrylamide (hereinafter also referred to as "MAAm") dissolved in ion-exchanged water as monomer (hereinafter also referred to as "monomer") components, and a 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution were added dropwise, and the dropwise addition was ended with 2 hours while maintaining at a temperature of 65 ℃, after which polymerization was continued for 1 hour. Ethyl acrylate (hereinafter also referred to as "EA") was then added dropwise, and polymerization was continued for 1 hour. The amounts of the components to be mixed were such that the total of the monomer components (unit derived from the entire ethylenically unsaturated monomer: EA, MAA, MAAm) was 100 parts by mass, and the amounts of the ion-exchanged water to be mixed were 830 parts by mass, based on 80 parts by mass of EA, 10 parts by mass of MAA and 10 parts by mass of MAAm.
Thereafter, the temperature was raised from 65℃to 80℃and maintained for 1.5 hours, to complete the polymerization.
Next, 0.0005 mass parts of 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one as an additive was added to 100 mass parts of the obtained polymer particles, followed by filtration using a 200 μm sieve.
The polymerization rate of the obtained composition was 98%, the pH7 and the solid content (polymer particles) was 9.8%. The polymerization rate is calculated by adding the ratio of the solid content to the total amount of the residual components. Using this composition, a secondary battery negative electrode was produced as follows. Specifically, the production is performed as follows.
< Preparation of coating liquid for Secondary Battery negative electrode >
To 1.5 parts by mass of the solid content of the obtained composition, 1.0 part by mass of carboxymethyl cellulose as a thickener component and 100 parts by mass of natural graphite as a negative electrode active material were further added, and ion exchange water was added thereto and stirred with a mechanical stirrer to prepare a total solid content of 60%. This was used as a premix, and then dispersed at a peripheral speed of 20 m/s for 30 seconds using a film rotary high-speed stirrer (manufactured by PRIMIX, model t.k.filmix FM56-L (product name)), to prepare a coating liquid for a negative electrode of a secondary battery.
< Preparation of Secondary Battery negative electrode >
The coating solution was applied to one surface of a copper foil using a die coater so that the thickness thereof after drying was 100. Mu.m, and then dried at 60℃for 60 minutes. After drying at 120℃for 3 minutes, compression molding was performed by a roll press. The coating amount of the negative electrode active material was set to 106g/m 2, and the bulk density of the negative electrode active material was set to 1.35g/cm 3.
The composition obtained in the above manner and a secondary battery negative electrode were used for various physical property evaluations described below. The results are shown in Table 1.
Examples 2 to 10 and comparative examples 1 to 2
In each example, the amounts of the monomers and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one were changed as shown in Table 1.
In example 5, MAA was also added as a monomer constituting the core at the time of adding EA in the mixing amount shown in Table 1.
In example 6, as the monomer constituting the shell, ethylene oxide diacrylate was also added in the mixing amount shown in table 1 at the time of adding MAA and MAAm.
In example 8, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one was not added.
In comparative example 1, methyl methacrylate (hereinafter also referred to as "MMA") was also added as a monomer constituting the core in a compounding amount shown in Table 1 at the time of adding EA.
Except for the above, the compositions of examples 2 to 10 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were prepared in the same manner as in example 1 to prepare a secondary battery negative electrode.
The composition obtained in the above manner and a secondary battery negative electrode were used for various physical property evaluations described below. The results are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 3
In comparative example 3, referring to example I-5 of patent document 1 (japanese patent No. 6436078), a composition was prepared as follows, and a secondary battery negative electrode was produced.
55 Parts by mass of MMA, 20 parts by mass of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (hereinafter also referred to as "2-EHA"), 4 parts by mass of MAA and 1 part by mass of ethylene dimethacrylate (hereinafter also referred to as "EDMA") as monomer components for the production of a core portion were charged in a 5MPa pressure-resistant vessel with a stirrer; 1 part by mass of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate serving as an emulsifier; 150 parts by mass of ion-exchanged water; and 0.5 part by mass of potassium persulfate as a polymerization initiator, and stirring was sufficiently conducted. Thereafter, the mixture was heated to 60℃to initiate polymerization. Polymerization was continued until the polymerization conversion reached 96%, whereby an aqueous dispersion containing the particulate polymer constituting the core was obtained.
The aqueous dispersion was then heated to 70 ℃. 20 parts by mass of styrene as a monomer for the production of the shell portion was continuously supplied to the aqueous dispersion over 30 minutes, and polymerization was continued. The reaction was stopped by cooling at the point when the polymerization conversion reached 96%, thereby producing a composition containing polymer particles.
A secondary battery negative electrode was used in the same manner as in example 1, except that the composition obtained in the above manner was used, and various physical property evaluations described below were performed. The results are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 4
In comparative example 4, referring to comparative example I-4 of patent document 1 (japanese patent No. 6436078), a composition was prepared as follows, and a secondary battery negative electrode was produced.
A composition containing polymer particles was produced in the same manner as in comparative example 3, except that 60 parts by mass of 2-EHA, 5 parts by mass of MAA, and 15 parts by mass of styrene were used as monomer components for producing the core.
A secondary battery negative electrode was used in the same manner as in example 1, except that the composition obtained in the above manner was used, and various physical property evaluations described below were performed. The results are shown in Table 1.
(Average particle diameter)
The average particle diameter of the polymer particles was measured using a particle diameter measuring apparatus (Microtrac UPA150, manufactured by Nikkin Co., ltd.). As measurement conditions, a value of 50% particle diameter in the obtained data was set as an average particle diameter by a dynamic light scattering method, with a load index=0.15 to 0.3 and a measurement time of 300 seconds.
(Core-to-Shell ratio and Shell thickness)
The calculation is performed by the following formula.
Core-shell ratio = volume of core/volume of polymer particles x 100
The volume of the polymer particles was calculated from the average particle diameter. In addition, the volume of the core was calculated as follows from the shell thickness and the average particle diameter estimated from the results observed by a transmission electron microscope.
Volume of core = {4 pi× (average particle diameter/thickness of 2-shell)/(3) }/3
The shell thickness above was observed using a transmission electron microscope. The specific method is as follows.
The polymer particles are sufficiently dispersed in the thermosetting resin, and then embedded to prepare a block sheet containing the polymer particles. Then, the block was cut into a sheet with a thickness of 100nm by a microtome equipped with a diamond knife, and a measurement sample was prepared. Then, the measurement sample was subjected to a staining treatment using ruthenium tetroxide.
Then, the dyed measurement sample was placed in a transmission electron microscope, and a photograph was taken of the cross-sectional structure of the polymer particles at an acceleration voltage of 80 kV. Regarding the magnification of the electron microscope, the magnification was set in such a manner that 1 cross section of the particulate polymer falls into the field of view.
The longest diameter of the particles of the polymer constituting the shell portion was measured based on the observed cross-sectional structure of the polymer particles. For 20 polymer particles arbitrarily selected, the longest diameter of the particles of the polymer constituting the shell portion was measured by the above method, and the average value of the longest diameters was taken as the thickness of the shell.
(Electrolyte swelling degree)
The composition containing the polymer particles was left to dry in an oven at 130 ℃ for 1 hour. The film of the polymer particles obtained by drying was cut to 0.5g. The obtained sample was put into a 50mL vial together with 10g of a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate=1:1 (mass ratio), the mixed solvent was allowed to permeate at 60℃for 1 day, and then the sample was taken out, washed with the mixed solvent, and the mass (Wa: g) was measured. After that, the mass (Wb: g) of the sample was measured after standing in an oven at 150℃for 1 hour, and the swelling degree of the copolymer with respect to the electrolyte was calculated from the following formula.
Swelling degree (times) of polymer particles with respect to electrolyte solution= (Wa-Wb)/(Wb)
The swelling degree of the electrolyte solution in the shell portion was calculated as follows.
With respect to examples 1 to 5, examples 7 to 10 and comparative examples 1 to 3, polymers corresponding to the shell portions were prepared by the following methods, and films were formed using the polymers in the same manner as described above, and evaluation was performed.
Ion-exchanged water was added to the reactor, and the temperature was raised and maintained at 65℃with stirring. After NPS was added thereto as a polymerization initiator, a solution of MAA and MAAm dissolved in ion-exchanged water and a 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution were added dropwise as monomer components, and the dropwise addition was ended while maintaining the temperature at 65 ℃ for 2 hours, after which polymerization was continued for 1 hour.
The mixing amount of each component was set to be 830 parts by mass based on 50 parts by mass of MAA and 50 parts by mass of MAAm when 100 parts by mass of the total of the monomer components (units derived from all ethylenically unsaturated monomers: MAA and MAAm) were mixed.
Thereafter, the temperature was raised from 65℃to 80℃and maintained for 1.5 hours to complete the polymerization.
In example 6, 20 parts by mass of ethylene oxide diacrylate was further added as a monomer at the time of adding MAA and MAAm by using the above-mentioned method for producing a polymer.
In comparative examples 4 and 5, a solution in which commercially available polystyrene was dissolved in ethyl acetate was prepared.
(Young's modulus)
A mold frame 30mm wide by 100mm long by 10mm high was placed on a smooth aluminum plate. 12g of a composition (aqueous dispersion) containing polymer particles adjusted to a solid content of 5% was introduced thereinto. After drying it at room temperature for 24 hours, it was dried at 100℃for 1 hour, thereby obtaining a film 200 μm thick. The probe was pressed into the film with a load of 30mN/20s using a microhardness tester, and then held for 5s. Further, unloading was performed under the same conditions as the load increase, and the indentation depth was evaluated. Young's modulus was calculated from the resulting load displacement curve.
The young's modulus of the nucleus portion was calculated as follows.
In examples 1 to 4, examples 6 to 10 and comparative example 2, polymers corresponding to the core were prepared by the following method, films having a thickness of 200 μm were prepared using the polymers, and the films were evaluated in the same manner as described above.
Ion-exchanged water was added to the reactor, and the temperature was raised and maintained at 65℃with stirring. After NPS was added thereto as a polymerization initiator, EA was added dropwise thereto for polymerization for 1 hour. The amount of the mixed EA was 830 parts by mass, assuming that the amount of the mixed EA was 100 parts by mass.
Thereafter, the temperature was raised from 65℃to 80℃and maintained for 1.5 hours to complete the polymerization.
In example 5, 50 parts by mass of MAA was added as a monomer at the time of adding EA.
In comparative example 1, as a monomer, MMA was added in an amount of 100 parts by mass at the time of adding EA.
In comparative example 3, 20 parts by mass of 2-EHA, 55 parts by mass of MMA, 4 parts by mass of MAA and 1 part by mass of EDMA were added without adding 100 parts by mass of EA.
In comparative example 4, not 100 parts by mass of EA but 60 parts by mass of 2-EHA, 5 parts by mass of MAA and 15 parts by mass of styrene were added.
(Elastic deformation Power)
A mold frame 30mm wide by 100mm long by 10mm high was placed on a smooth aluminum plate. 12g of a composition (aqueous dispersion) containing polymer particles adjusted to a solid content of 5% was introduced thereinto. After drying it at room temperature for 24 hours, it was dried at 100℃for 1 hour, thereby obtaining a film 200 μm thick. The probe was pressed into the film with a load of 30mN/20s using a microhardness tester, and then held for 5s. Further, unloading was performed under the same conditions as the load increase, and the indentation depth was evaluated. And calculating the elastic deformation power from the obtained load displacement curve.
(Glass transition temperature)
The composition containing the polymer particles was adjusted to pH7.0 and dried at 130℃for 30 minutes to obtain a dried product. The glass transition temperature was determined by using a differential scanning calorimeter (manufactured by SII Nanotechnology Co., ltd.; DSC 6220) according to ASTM method (D3418-97), and the temperature was raised from-50℃to +200℃at a rate of 20℃per minute to obtain a differential scanning calorimeter curve of polymer particles. The peak is determined by software determination to determine whether the glass transition temperature is 1 or 2 or more.
The glass transition temperature of the core was measured in the same manner as described above, except that the polymer corresponding to the core obtained by the method described in the item (young's modulus) was used.
The glass transition temperature of the shell portion was measured in the same manner as described above, except that the polymer corresponding to the shell portion obtained by the method described in the above item (electrolyte swelling degree) was used.
(Peel Strength)
From the obtained secondary battery negative electrode, a test piece having a width of 2cm×a length of 12cm was cut, and the surface of the test piece on the current collector side was adhered to an aluminum plate using a double-sided tape. A tape (trade name "Cellotap (registered trademark)" (manufactured by Miq corporation)) having a width of 18mm was stuck to the electrode layer side of the test piece in accordance with JIS Z1522, and the strength at the time of peeling the tape at a speed of 100mm/min in the 180℃direction was measured 6 times, and the average value (N/18 mm) thereof was calculated as the peeling strength (before the electrolyte impregnation). Then, a test piece having a width of 2cm×a length of 12cm was separately cut out from the negative electrode of the secondary battery, and the test piece was immersed in a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate/methylethyl carbonate=1/2 (volume ratio) at 80 ℃ for 1 week. Thereafter, the test piece was dried at 80℃for 1 day, and the peel strength (after the electrolyte impregnation) was measured in the same manner as described above using the obtained dried test piece. The higher these values, the higher the adhesion strength between the current collector and the electrode layer, and the electrode layer can be evaluated as being less likely to be peeled off from the current collector, specifically, the peel strength can be evaluated based on the following criteria.
And (3) the following materials: 40N/m or more
O: 30N/m or more and less than 40N/m
Delta: 20N/m or more and less than 30N/m
X: less than 20N/m
(Amount of resilience)
The thickness of the secondary battery negative electrode (negative electrode active material bulk density 1.35g/cm 3) immediately after the preparation of the secondary battery negative electrode by the method described in the item (preparation of the secondary battery negative electrode) and the thickness after 1 day of standing were measured, and the difference was evaluated as a rebound amount based on the following criteria.
And (3) the following materials: less than 5 mu m
O: 5 μm or more and less than 10 μm
Delta: more than 10 mu m and less than 15 mu m
X: 15 μm or more
(Rebound)
The thickness of the obtained secondary battery negative electrode after being pressed and left for 1 day, and the thickness of the electrode layer after being injected with an electrolyte solution described later and repeatedly subjected to charge and discharge for 100 cycles were measured.
Counter elasticity= (thickness of electrode layer after 100 cycles of charge and discharge) - (thickness after pressing and leaving for 1 day)
The evaluation was performed based on the following criteria.
And (3) the following materials: less than 10 mu m
O: more than 10 mu m and less than 15 mu m
Delta: 15 μm or more and less than 20 μm
X: 20 μm or more
(Initial Capacity, temperature cycle test and cycle characteristics)
Using a secondary battery negative electrode, a secondary battery manufactured by a method described below was charged to 4.2V at 60 ℃ with a constant current and constant voltage charging method of 2C, then subjected to constant voltage charging, then discharged to 3.0V with a constant current of 2C, and subjected to charge-discharge cycle. The cycle test was performed until 100 cycles, and the ratio of the discharge capacity at the 100 th cycle to the initial discharge capacity was determined as a capacity maintenance rate according to the following criteria. The larger the value, the smaller the degree of capacity reduction due to repeated charge and discharge.
And (3) the following materials: the capacity maintenance rate is more than 90 percent
O: the capacity retention rate is 80% or more and less than 90%
Delta: the capacity retention rate is more than 70% and less than 80%
X: the capacity maintenance rate is less than 70 percent
< Production of Secondary Battery >
The positive electrode and the negative electrode of the secondary battery were punched into a circular shape, laminated in this order with the positive electrode facing the active material surface of the negative electrode, and then housed in a stainless steel metal container with a lid. The container and the lid are insulated, and the container is arranged so that the container is in contact with the copper foil of the negative electrode and the lid is in contact with the aluminum foil of the positive electrode. Then, an electrolyte was injected into the container, and the container was sealed, and left at room temperature for 1 day in this state, to prepare a secondary battery.
As the above-mentioned electrolyte used herein, an electrolyte prepared by dissolving LiPF 6 as a solute in a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate/methylethyl carbonate=1/2 (volume ratio) at a concentration of 1.0mol/L is used.
The separators were made of polyethylene porous films, and the secondary battery cathodes obtained in examples 1 to 10 and comparative examples 1 to 5 were used.
The positive electrode of the secondary battery was prepared as follows.
A slurry was prepared by dispersing 92.2 mass% of lithium cobalt composite oxide (LiCoO 2) as a positive electrode active material, 2.3 mass% of each of scaly graphite and acetylene black as a conductive material, and 3.2 mass% of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a binder in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP). The slurry was applied to one surface of an aluminum foil having a thickness of 20 μm as a positive electrode current collector by a die coater, dried at 130 ℃ for 3 minutes, and then compression molded by a roll press. At this time, the coating amount of the active material of the positive electrode was set to 250g/m 2, and the bulk density of the active material was set to 3.00g/cm 3. The electrode thus obtained was used as a positive electrode of a secondary battery.
Claims (28)
1. A polymer composition for nonaqueous secondary batteries, which comprises polymer particles, wherein,
The Young's modulus of the polymer particles is 1.5GPa or less,
The elastic deformation power of the polymer particles is 50% or less,
The polymer particles have an electrolyte swelling degree of 1.5 times or less,
The polymer particles have a core-shell structure comprising a core portion and a shell portion,
The core portion includes 40 to 80 mass% of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester, and the shell portion includes 15 to 60 mass% of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or an alkali metal salt thereof and 0 to 45 mass% of an N atom-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer, with 100 mass% of the total ethylenically monomers constituting the core-shell structure.
2. The polymer composition for nonaqueous secondary batteries according to claim 1, wherein the Young's modulus of the polymer particles is 1.3GPa or less.
3. The polymer composition for nonaqueous secondary batteries according to claim 1, wherein the Young's modulus of the polymer particles is 1.0GPa or less.
4. The polymer composition for nonaqueous secondary batteries according to claim 1, wherein the elastic deformation power of the polymer particles is 45% or less.
5. The polymer composition for nonaqueous secondary batteries according to claim 1, wherein the elastic deformation power of the polymer particles is 40% or less.
6. The polymer composition for nonaqueous secondary batteries according to claim 1, wherein the polymer particles have a swelling degree of an electrolyte solution of 1.3 times or less.
7. The polymer composition for nonaqueous secondary batteries according to claim 1, wherein the polymer particles have a swelling degree of an electrolyte solution of 1.2 times or less.
8. The polymer composition for nonaqueous secondary batteries according to claim 1, wherein,
The Young's modulus of the core is 0.1GPa or less.
9. The polymer composition for nonaqueous secondary batteries according to claim 1, wherein the Young's modulus of the core portion is 0.04GPa or less.
10. The polymer composition for nonaqueous secondary batteries according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyte swelling degree of the shell portion is 1.10 times or less.
11. The polymer composition for a nonaqueous secondary battery according to claim 10, wherein the electrolyte swelling degree of the shell portion is 1.01 times or less.
12. The polymer composition for nonaqueous secondary batteries according to claim 1, wherein,
The core-shell structure comprises not more than 0.1 part by mass of an alkylene oxide structure and not more than 0.3 parts by mass of a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, based on 100 parts by mass of the total of the ethylenic monomers constituting the core-shell structure.
13. The polymer composition for nonaqueous secondary batteries according to claim 1, wherein the core comprises 50 mass% or more and 70 mass% or less of the ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester, based on 100 mass% of all the ethylenically monomers constituting the core-shell structure.
14. The polymer composition for nonaqueous secondary batteries according to claim 1, wherein the shell portion comprises 18 to 40 mass% of the ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or an alkali metal salt thereof, based on 100 mass% of all the ethylenically monomers constituting the core-shell structure.
15. The polymer composition for nonaqueous secondary batteries according to claim 1, wherein the shell portion comprises 15 to 30 mass% of the N-atom-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer, based on 100 mass% of all the ethylenically unsaturated monomers constituting the core-shell structure.
16. The polymer composition for nonaqueous secondary batteries according to claim 1, wherein the ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester is ethyl acrylate.
17. The polymer composition for nonaqueous secondary batteries according to claim 1, wherein the ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid is methacrylic acid.
18. The polymer composition for nonaqueous secondary batteries according to claim 1, wherein the N-atom-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer is at least one selected from the group consisting of acrylamide and methacrylamide.
19. The polymer composition for nonaqueous secondary batteries according to claim 1, wherein the maximum value of the glass transition temperature of the polymer particles measured by DSC is 20 ℃ or less.
20. The polymer composition for nonaqueous secondary batteries according to claim 19, wherein the maximum value of the glass transition temperature of the polymer particles measured by DSC is 0 ℃ or lower.
21. The polymer composition for nonaqueous secondary batteries according to claim 1, wherein the maximum value of the glass transition temperature of the core portion measured by DSC is 0 ℃ or lower.
22. The polymer composition for nonaqueous secondary batteries according to claim 1, wherein the polymer particles have an average particle diameter of 50nm to 800 nm.
23. The polymer composition for nonaqueous secondary batteries according to claim 22, wherein the polymer particles have an average particle diameter of 200nm to 700 nm.
24. The polymer composition for nonaqueous secondary batteries according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the core portion in the core-shell structure is 0.4 to 0.8.
25. The polymer composition for nonaqueous secondary batteries according to claim 24, wherein the mass ratio of the core portion in the core-shell structure is 0.50 to 0.70.
26. The polymer composition for nonaqueous secondary batteries according to claim 1, further comprising 0.0001 parts by mass or more and 1.0 parts by mass or less of an isothiazoline-based compound per 100 parts by mass of the polymer particles.
27. The polymer composition for nonaqueous secondary batteries according to claim 26, wherein the isothiazolin-based compound is 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one.
28. A nonaqueous secondary battery comprising the polymer composition for a nonaqueous secondary battery according to any one of claims 1 to 27.
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