CN113034857A - Urban natural disaster monitoring emergency management scheduling platform based on block chain - Google Patents
Urban natural disaster monitoring emergency management scheduling platform based on block chain Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a block chain-based urban natural disaster monitoring emergency management scheduling platform, which comprises: the system comprises an urban natural disaster monitoring and early warning credible emergency scheduling system and an urban natural disaster monitoring and early warning block chain management platform which are connected through a network; the distributed task distribution and scheduling are carried out by the distributed deployment of the nodes of the plurality of independent service systems and the block chain network through network connection. Under the platform, a command center of local public crisis management and other disaster monitoring and early warning systems are connected into a block chain network, and the characteristics of decentralization enable each department to share data, greatly reduce the possibility of system problems and ensure the performance; the data can be credibly proved by the aid of the non-tamper property and the intelligent contract and the consensus mechanism used in the platform, so that authority can be granted to people. Meanwhile, the platform is auxiliary, is not used for carrying out alternative or invasive transformation on the existing system, and has feasibility.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of block chains and urban safety, and particularly relates to an urban natural disaster monitoring emergency management scheduling platform based on the block chains.
Background
In recent years, natural disasters in cities frequently occur, and a great amount of casualties and property loss are caused. The prediction and emergency of the natural disasters are important problems to be solved urgently in the social and economic development of China. As a place where human beings and various economic activities are highly gathered, if the safety of personnel and the stable development of social economy are ensured, the construction of urban natural disaster defense projects needs to be greatly promoted, and an urban natural disaster monitoring and early warning system needs to be established.
At present, the following problems exist in the existing natural disaster monitoring and early warning system:
1) the existing internet of things platform architecture technology enables disaster monitoring and early warning applications and related equipment based on the internet of things to still keep a vertical development mode, so that direct data and control interaction between the equipment is difficult to perform, and interconnection and intercommunication between different disaster monitoring and early warning systems cannot be performed directly. Therefore, the information transmission of the established linkage emergency system is not smooth, the information sharing is not high, and the information is not sufficiently processed.
2) A large amount of Internet of things equipment is adopted and centralized management is applied. The centralized architecture presents several problems: with the development of the internet of things technology, the types of access equipment in each disaster monitoring and early warning system are also increased explosively, so that the communication traffic is increased remarkably, the load of a central system is increased, the performance is reduced, and the failure probability is increased; once the central system is closed due to the need of maintenance and attack or failure, data loss may be caused, which causes serious consequences; if an internet of things device is attacked, the entire network may be corrupted by performing a denial of service (DDoS) attack or altering the collected data. Therefore, once a problem occurs in the central system or the internet of things device, the whole system is threatened.
3) In the management of disaster prevention and relief, the concept of 'heavy rescue and light prevention' is formed, the problems of long-term planning incoordination and unreasonable distribution are caused by the adoption of after-the-fact control in emergency management, the 'temporary solution and permanent solution' are usually realized, the disaster prevention capability is greatly influenced, and the caused consequences are more serious.
4) The disaster management mode is managed by different departments according to disaster types, and a unified and effective system management center is difficult to form. It seems that the division of labor is clear, but under the condition that various disasters occur simultaneously or secondary disasters are induced, all departments are difficult to collaborate for disaster relief, and disaster relief measures cannot be taken in time to reasonably distribute disaster relief resources. There is a lack of clear mechanisms and chains of evidence of accountability after disaster.
In summary, the construction of the existing early warning system has the problems of facility centralization, difficult interaction among devices, difficult interconnection and intercommunication among different early warning systems, lack of unified organization and coordination among departments, and the like, and the problems cause the harm of information incompactness or information blocking in emergency relief.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above situation, the invention provides an urban natural disaster monitoring emergency management scheduling platform based on a block chain, which is supported by a block chain technology, and can solve the problems that the existing early warning system is centralized in facilities, difficult to interact with equipment, difficult to interconnect and intercommunicate different early warning systems, lack of unified organization and coordination among departments, and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the embodiment of the invention provides a block chain-based urban natural disaster monitoring emergency management scheduling platform, which comprises:
the system comprises an urban natural disaster monitoring and early warning credible emergency scheduling system and an urban natural disaster monitoring and early warning block chain management platform which are connected through a network;
the urban natural disaster monitoring and early warning credible emergency dispatching system comprises a plurality of independent service systems and is used for completing the business operations of acquisition of IoT equipment, data monitoring and early warning, emergency plan formulation and simulation, emergency dispatching command and emergency monitoring and command data analysis;
the urban natural disaster monitoring early warning block chain management platform comprises a block chain network and a corresponding block chain management platform; the block chain management platform is connected with each terminal acquisition device of each emergency system through a communication gateway;
the distributed task distribution and scheduling are carried out by the distributed deployment of the nodes of the plurality of independent service systems and the block chain network through network connection.
Further, the credible emergency dispatching system of city natural disaster monitoring early warning includes:
the front-end equipment acquisition module is used for monitoring in real time by utilizing various IoT (Internet of things) equipment and mobile terminals and making disaster early warning analysis, prejudgment and reminding according to acquired data;
the emergency monitoring management module stores the data acquired by the front-end equipment acquisition module and the related data recorded in each emergency service system to the bottom layer of the block chain and displays the data in a graphical mode; the early warning device is used for setting early warning threshold values and early warning prompt ranges of various data and writing the early warning threshold values and the early warning prompt ranges into a block chain intelligent contract;
the emergency plan management module is used for managing a plan type, a plan template, a plan flow, plan simulation and release and plan evaluation;
the emergency command management module is used for responding to the management of starting, task distribution, task execution, command coordination, task monitoring and execution evaluation;
the basic data module is used for maintaining and managing disaster relief resources, an expert database, a plan database and IoT equipment;
the system management module is used for organizing management, user management, terminal authority, equipment authority, function or data authority maintenance and management;
and the data analysis module is used for monitoring early warning analysis, executing response analysis, disaster relief condition analysis, plan effect analysis, command efficiency analysis and network efficiency analysis.
Further, the management of the plan process in the emergency plan management module includes:
each plan has a set disaster relief task execution flow, each step of flow needs a participating main body, and when the plan is started, a flow engine and an intelligent contract at the bottom layer of the block chain network can distribute tasks according to preset steps.
Further, the management of the plan evaluation in the emergency plan management module includes:
the execution flow of each plan is endowed with an execution score, and each execution is finished, and the scores are automatically scored through an intelligent contract according to the execution result and the feedback of disaster relief participants; if the plan is executed for a plurality of times, the final score of the plan is given after weighted average.
Further, the management of command coordination in the emergency command management module includes:
when an emergency occurs in the process of executing the task, the commander can adjust the flow in the plan in time and upload the flow to the block chain, and the adjusted flow engine can distribute the task according to the new plan.
Further, the management of the execution evaluation in the emergency command management module includes:
according to the evaluation model set in the plan, after each task is completed, the intelligent dating book gives a score to the task automatically according to the evaluation model.
Furthermore, the block chain management platform comprises a gateway service module, a consensus service module, a data book module and other management modules;
the gateway service module is an access layer of the application and provides functions of terminal access, private key escrow, safety privacy and protocol conversion;
the consensus service module comprises a consensus network, identity management, security authority, transaction processing, intelligent contracts and data retrieval functions, and is used for ensuring the consistency of the account book information among the nodes;
the data ledger module provides block chain bottom layer service functions for each participant, including blocks, accounts, configuration and storage
The other management module includes: data management, rights management, terminal acquisition, task distribution, IoT data acquisition, and event monitoring.
Further, the consensus algorithm of the block chain network is a PBFT consensus algorithm;
the account book structure of the block chain network is an account model, and comprises the following steps: representing transaction, account, and ledger states.
Further, the functional components of the consensus node in the blockchain network comprise a consensus interface, an inquiry interface, a data account book, an intelligent contract virtual machine and a data storage
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a block chain-based urban natural disaster monitoring emergency management dispatching platform, under which a local command center for public crisis management and other disaster monitoring and early warning systems are connected into a block chain network, and the characteristics of decentralization enable each department to share data, greatly reduce the possibility of system problems and ensure the performance; the data can be credibly proved by the aid of the non-tamper property and the intelligent contract and the consensus mechanism used in the platform, so that authority can be granted to people. Meanwhile, the platform is auxiliary, is not used for carrying out alternative or invasive transformation on the existing system, and has feasibility.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a block chain-based overall operation chart of an urban natural disaster monitoring emergency management scheduling platform according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a structural diagram of an urban natural disaster monitoring emergency management scheduling platform based on a block chain according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a structural diagram of a city natural disaster monitoring and early warning credible emergency dispatching system provided by the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 is a functional structure diagram of an urban natural disaster monitoring early warning block chain management platform according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the implementation of the PBFT consensus algorithm;
fig. 6 is a functional structure diagram of a consensus node according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of a multi-chain networking provided by an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of task distribution and scheduling provided in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
The method aims at the problems that centralized management is easy to threaten, information release is lagged, emergency plan formulation is not detailed enough, an emergency drilling emergency management system is lacked, complexity is caused, a clear supervision system is unavailable, command and control system harmony is poor and the like in prevention and emergency preparation work of an urban disaster command early warning system. The system and the method adjust the urban disaster commanding and early warning emergency dispatching organization and the operation mechanism by utilizing the models and technical characteristics of block chain whole network real-time accounting, intelligent contract and the like, and the overall operation mechanism is shown in figure 1.
At ordinary times, related organizations such as public security departments, city management departments, geological departments, meteorological departments and the like construct a disaster relief monitoring block chain network, and all the departments collect and monitor key points of urban disaster occurrence through facilities such as IoT equipment and the like and collect monitoring data.
After the monitoring data is collected, the data is uploaded to the block chain network by the following method: 1. after the data is uploaded to the system, synchronizing the part of data from respective existing service systems to the block chain network; 2. a tracker is set. The intelligent tracker is arranged near the Internet of things equipment, the tracker is provided with a block chain client, a BLE radio, a GSM or LTE radio so as to be connected to the Internet, and when the Internet of things equipment uploads data, the intelligent tracker intercepts the data and uploads the data to a block chain network. Similarly, file provides the sensors with long-range radios called "Taps," which are uplinked after interaction via the telehash protocol and uploaded to the blockchain after processing by edge node technology or fog computing technology, etc. By the method, the data are uploaded to the block chain, and real-time and credible sharing of the monitoring data with other departments is ensured. Monitoring data based on the block chain network comprehensively covers a plurality of departments and various fields, so that the monitoring effect of the overall urban disaster condition is improved.
Various monitoring data collected from the disaster relief monitoring block chain network provide comprehensive support for disaster analysis, protection and simulation. Meanwhile, more departments can give professional suggestions and disaster relief support to participate in the formulation of the disaster relief plan, so that the formulation of the plan is more scientific, effective and practical. Meanwhile, each plan is provided with a plan execution scoring model, after the plan is started, scoring can be automatically carried out according to an intelligent contract of the execution condition of the disaster relief task, and after the disaster relief task is finished, scoring of the effect of the plan is obtained according to weighted average. The preplan maker can timely and objectively understand and evaluate the disaster relief effect of the preplan, thereby timely revising the disaster relief effect.
The disaster relief command area blockchain network is composed of mechanisms such as a disaster relief command center, a 110 command center, a 119 command center, a 120 command center, a 122 command center, a red cross, a community emergency committee and the like. When the disaster relief plan is started, according to the execution tasks set by the plan, the bottom-layer process engine can orderly send the disaster relief tasks to each disaster relief main body, the disaster relief main bodies collect and share the execution conditions of the disaster relief tasks in real time through the mobile terminal, the IoT (internet transport network) device and the like on a disaster relief site, and after the tasks are executed, the process engine can automatically distribute the next task to other disaster relief main bodies. Meanwhile, the intelligent contract automatically scores the execution condition of the disaster relief task according to an evaluation system and informs all parties.
The invention provides a block chain-based urban natural disaster monitoring emergency management scheduling platform which is divided into two parts as shown in figure 2. The system is a credible emergency dispatching system for monitoring and early warning of urban natural disasters, and mainly completes business operations of acquisition of IoT equipment, data monitoring and early warning, emergency plan formulation and simulation, emergency dispatching command, emergency monitoring and command data analysis and the like.
And the other part is a bottom infrastructure of the urban natural disaster monitoring and early warning credible emergency scheduling platform, namely an urban natural disaster monitoring and early warning block chain management platform, which comprises a block chain network and a corresponding block chain network management platform.
The following is a detailed description of the two sections:
1. the urban natural disaster monitoring and early warning credible emergency dispatching system comprises:
the credible emergency dispatching system for monitoring and early warning of the urban natural disasters is a business application system of the credible emergency dispatching platform for monitoring and early warning of the urban natural disasters, and comprises seven functional modules of front-end equipment acquisition, emergency monitoring management, emergency plan management, emergency command management, basic data, system management and data analysis. The main design objective is to provide general functional services such as disaster detection early warning data acquisition, data monitoring, plan setting, plan execution, early warning issuing, data reporting/acquisition terminal management and the like, provide access interfaces facing various relevant management mechanisms and other participants upwards, and package the complexity of the technology at the bottom layer of the shielded block chain downwards. The system functional architecture is shown in fig. 3.
1) Front end acquisition
And monitoring in real time by using various IoT equipment and mobile terminals, and performing disaster early warning analysis, prejudgment and reminding according to the acquired data. Meanwhile, disaster relief execution conditions are objectively reflected in real time on a command site.
2) Emergency monitoring management
Data monitoring: the data collected by the IoT device or the app and the related data recorded in each emergency service system are stored and displayed, and are stored to the bottom layer of the blockchain in real time, so that authorized participants in the blockchain network can see the data in real time.
And (3) data display: and combing and fusing the data acquired in various ways according to different detection service requirements, and displaying the data in a graphical mode.
Early warning setting and prompting: and setting early warning threshold values and early warning prompting ranges of various types of data, and writing the early warning threshold values and the early warning prompting ranges into a block chain intelligent contract. When the acquired data exceeds the threshold value of the corresponding data, the intelligent contract is automatically triggered, and early warning is carried out according to the set prompt range.
3) Emergency plan management
The type of the plan is as follows: the urban natural disasters are divided into a plurality of types, and each type of plan is completely different, so that the plans need to be classified, and subsequent searching and management are facilitated.
A plan template: each plan can be provided with a basic plan template, which comprises a disaster relief main body, a role of disaster relief personnel, disaster relief materials used, a key link of the plan and the like related to the plan.
The scheme flow is as follows: in order to ensure that disaster relief actions can be developed in order, each plan can be provided with a flow for executing tasks in disaster relief, each flow step needs a participating main body, and when the plan is started, a flow engine and an intelligent contract at the bottom layer of the block chain network can dispatch the tasks according to preset steps.
Simulation and release of a plan: after the disaster relief action simulation drill test is used for setting up a plan, the data for carrying out disaster relief action simulation drill test is stored, if the plan is not enough, the data can be timely adjusted, and the data can be released after the adjustment is finished.
And (3) evaluation of a plan: and the execution flow of each plan is endowed with an execution score, and each execution is finished, and the scores are automatically scored through an intelligent contract according to the execution result and the feedback of disaster relief participants. If the plan is executed for a plurality of times, the final score of the plan is given after weighted average.
4) Emergency command management
In response to the initiation: when the commander starts the disaster relief response, the corresponding emergency plan is selected, the disaster relief instruction is pushed to all disaster relief main bodies related in the plan through an intelligent contract, disaster relief preparation is made, and the distribution of disaster relief tasks is waited.
And (3) task distribution: according to the disaster relief process in the plan, the distributed process engine distributes specific disaster relief tasks to the corresponding main body in the plan in series or in parallel.
And (3) task execution: after receiving the disaster relief task, the disaster relief main body carries out disaster relief work according to the disaster relief instruction in the plan, field conditions are collected through IoT equipment or a terminal App in a working field, and after the task is executed, the process engine automatically transfers the task to the next task execution main body.
Commanding and coordinating: when an emergency occurs in the process of executing the task, the commander can adjust the flow in the plan in time and upload the flow to the block chain, and the adjusted flow engine can distribute the task according to the new plan.
And (3) task monitoring: the method for monitoring data in real time through an IoT or app device and uploading execution data by an executor is used for monitoring information such as task execution condition, plan flow execution progress and the like.
Evaluation was performed: according to the evaluation model set in the plan, after each task is completed, the intelligent contract automatically gives a score to the task according to the evaluation model.
5) Basic data
Disaster relief resources: the maintenance and management includes data of disaster relief equipment, disaster relief supplies, disaster relief mechanisms, and the like.
An expert database: and the expert information in different disaster relief fields is maintained and managed, so that task allocation and guidance for help in the disaster relief process are facilitated.
A plan library: and maintaining and managing emergency plan template libraries in different disaster relief fields.
An IoT device: and maintaining and managing IoT equipment information used by each organization.
6) System management
Organization and management: each organization, department, etc. in the business system is maintained and managed.
User management: and maintaining and managing each user in the service system.
And (3) terminal authority: and maintaining and managing the use function permission of the terminal App in the service system.
Device rights: and maintaining and managing equipment information, acquisition range, acquisition content and the like in the service system.
Function or data authority: and maintaining and managing the functional authority of the organization and the user in the service system.
2. Urban natural disaster monitoring early warning block chain management platform
The city natural disaster monitoring and early warning block chain management platform is a bottom layer block chain infrastructure of the city natural disaster monitoring and early warning credible emergency dispatching platform, comprises a block chain network and a block chain management platform, and is connected with terminal acquisition equipment of each emergency system through a communication gateway, and the functional architecture diagram is shown in fig. 4.
The block chain management platform comprises four functional modules, namely a gateway service, a consensus service, a data book and other management modules.
1) Gateway service
The gateway service is an access layer of the application, and provides functions of terminal access, private key escrow, security privacy, protocol conversion and the like.
The terminal access: and services such as connecting nodes, forwarding messages, isolating the consensus nodes and the client and the like are provided while the identity of the terminal is confirmed. The gateway confirms the legal identity of the client, receives and verifies the transaction; and the gateway establishes connection with the corresponding consensus node according to the initial configuration file and forwards the transaction data.
And (3) private key escrow: secret information such as a private key and the like can be managed in the gateway in a ciphertext mode by the consensus node, and services such as private key recovery, signature generation and the like are provided for the authorized consensus node.
Safety and privacy: the gateway hides the end-to-end identity information, desensitizes the data information, and prevents the unauthorized client from accessing the data information by means of a cryptographic algorithm and a protocol with a privacy protection function.
Protocol conversion: the method provides the light HTTPRestful service, can adapt to the API of the block chain node, and realizes the interoperation of each node among different protocols.
And (3) data browsing: the capability of visualizing the data on the chain is provided.
2) Consensus service
The consensus service comprises functions of a consensus network, identity management, security authority, transaction processing, intelligent contracts, data retrieval and the like, and the consistency of the account book information among the nodes is ensured.
A consensus network: the Byzantine consensus protocol is adopted and optimized to provide functions of deterministic transaction execution, fault tolerance, dynamic node adjustment and the like.
Identity management: the block chain network can identify and authenticate the nodes through the public key information, and basic identity service is provided for access control and authority management.
Security authority: and setting various authority forms for the nodes according to specific application and service scenes, so as to realize specified safety management and fit the application and service scenes.
Transaction processing: and the consensus node performs processing operations such as sequencing, verification, consensus, agglomeration and the like on the transaction information according to a specific protocol, so that the transaction information can be globally shared with the same account book information.
Intelligent contract: an automatic chain coding logic is used for changing the information of an account book and an account, and comprises business logic, admission and exit of nodes, change of system configuration and the like.
And (3) data retrieval: and the assistant node retrieval interface is used for inquiring related information such as blocks, transactions, contracts, accounts and the like.
3) Data account book
And providing block chain underlying service functions including blocks, accounts, configuration, storage and the like for each participant.
Block: the main components of the account book comprise transaction information and a data snapshot hash value of a transaction execution state.
Account: the account classification and hierarchical classification authorization modes are refined, the accounts in the block chain system are managed, and the purposes of logic clarification, service isolation and related data content protection are achieved.
Configuration files: including key information, storage information, and shared participant identity information, enables each node in the blockchain network to perform operations such as connecting other nodes, verifying information, storing and updating ledgers, and the like.
And (3) storing: because the data types are not uniform and a large amount of hash calculation exists, the method adopts a simple KV database to realize the persistent storage of the account book, so that the block chain system can support mass transactions. For data that is useless or has little reference value, because of being in a federation chain, in the case of consensus passing, it is sufficient to consider deleting or saving it into a content-addressed p2p file system such as IPFS and saving its hash value in the chain.
4) Other management
Data management: and managing data operation in the blockchain network, wherein the data operation comprises operations of backup, transfer, export, verification, backtracking, data merging and splitting under the condition of multi-chain and the like.
And (3) authority management: and managing the permissions of each node access, reading and writing of different accounts, calling of intelligent contracts and the like in the block chain network.
Terminal acquisition: and managing data interaction between the terminal equipment and the underlying zone block chain network in the emergency system, access of the terminal equipment and the like.
And (3) task distribution: the distributed network flow engine is arranged in the network, and tasks among all nodes of the block chain network are distributed, received, transferred and the like under responsibility.
IoT data acquisition: and managing data interaction between the IoT equipment and the underlying zone block chain network in the emergency system, admission of terminal equipment and the like.
Event monitoring: the group users can obtain the system operation information such as the instant throughput, the node state, the data content and the like, and the operation and maintenance management and the real-time monitoring are realized.
2.1 consensus Algorithm
Typical consensus algorithms include Bft-class algorithms, such as the Pbft algorithm, Zyzzyva algorithm, the birth Pow algorithm in the context of block chains, Pos algorithm, and Dpos algorithm. The non-BFT algorithm comprises a Paxos algorithm, a Raft algorithm and the like. Starting from the scene of application of the system, the embodiment of the invention selects the Pbft consensus algorithm with good safety and speed, makes up the deficiency of the algorithm on the network scale through systematic engineering architecture optimization, and obtains the optimal efficiency performance on the whole.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the implementation process of the Pbft consensus algorithm.
The CL1 sends the request end, wherein N1, N2, N3 and N4 are service ends, and N4 is a down service end, the specific steps are as follows:
1) request: the requester CL1 sends the request to any node, here N1.
2) Pre-Prepare: the service end N1 broadcasts after receiving the request of CL1, and spreads to N2, N3 and N4.
3) Prepare: n2, N3 and N4 are recorded after being received and broadcasted again, wherein N2- > N1N3N4, N2- >124 and N4 cannot be broadcasted due to downtime.
4) Commit: if the nodes N1, N2, N3 and N4 receive a certain number of same requests in the Prepare stage, the node enters the Commit stage and broadcasts the Commit request.
5) Reply: the N1, N2, N3 and N4 nodes feed back CL1 if more than a certain number of identical requests are received in the Commit stage.
According to the above scheme, consistency is likely to be resolved in the situation where N ≧ 3F +1, N being the total number of computers and F being the total number of computers in question.
Because the project uses the alliance chain, the behavior of the nodes can be effectively supervised, and all the nodes do not need to participate in consensus, so that only part of core nodes are selected to participate in consensus and all the node storage blocks are needed. Therefore, the consensus efficiency can be improved in the case of emergency or large node size.
2.2 Account book structure
There are 3 typical design ideas in this structure: 1) the 'UTXO model' is adopted to represent transaction, account and amount; 2) the method comprises the steps of adopting an account model to represent states of transaction, account and ledger; 3) the "DAG model" represents transactions, accounts, and amounts. The UTXO model is adopted by the bit currency, is more suitable for public chain digital asset scenes and is not suitable for government or enterprise application scenes; the DAG model is an account model in exploration, and is adopted by a few projects nowadays, such as the IOT platform IOTA of Dahong Dazi, but the design is not mature nowadays, and is more suitable for public chain digital asset scenes; the 'account model' is applied and proved in Ethermen for the first time, and then more alliance chain projects adopt the design scheme, and overall better efficiency is obtained by selecting a more efficient consensus algorithm. The system selects an account model as a design scheme of an account book structure, and establishes the account book system of the block chain by combining a PBFT consensus algorithm.
2.3 consensus nodes
The functional components of the consensus node in the system comprise a consensus interface, an inquiry interface, a data account book, an intelligent contract virtual machine and a data storage part. As shown in fig. 6.
1) Consensus interface
The consensus interface is a BFT consensus protocol established on a TCP communication protocol, and the reliability of the TCP protocol is multiplexed to realize the reliable transmission of point-to-point messages in front of nodes. The client submits the transaction through the consensus interface, and the transaction is executed by each node in a consistent mode after consensus is achieved and is written into the data storage.
2) Query interface
To maintain the ease of use of the system, the query interface thus provides the ability to retrieve data on the chain. In the implementation, an HTTP protocol is adopted to provide a RESTFUL-style service interface, the butt joint of various upper-layer heterogeneous systems can be compatible, some complex details are shielded, and a client can call the RESTFUL-style service interface according to the standard.
3) Intelligent contract virtual machine
A smart contract is a piece of predefined executable code. Various business validation rules and execution logic may be designed by intelligent contracts. The intelligent contract virtual machine is an executor of intelligent contract codes, is built in the consensus node, and is used for executing contract calling instructions triggered by transactions, for example, an Ethernet workshop adopts an EVM virtual machine to execute intelligent contracts. In the embodiment of the invention, an intelligent contract engine is realized based on JVM virtual machine design. The setting and the execution of the plan are realized through an intelligent contract technology, and the plan can be accurately and objectively executed according to a predefined rule.
4) Data account book
The data book maintains information such as cryptographic certificates, state data, transaction records, etc., which are composed of blocks and the mercker tree. In the embodiment of the invention, all the monitored and collected data, the identity public key of the participant, the predefined disaster plan, the plan execution record and other data are managed and provided with the inspection and certification by the data book component.
5) Data storage
The data store provides the ability to persist data records. In the embodiment of the invention, the K-V database is used as data storage, and the support for mass data is realized by utilizing the mature NoSQL database cluster technology or storing the data in the IPFS node, so that the application scene of ten million level population cities is supported.
The urban natural disaster monitoring emergency management scheduling platform based on the block chain provided by the embodiment of the invention is as shown in fig. 7: by adopting a multi-chain networking method, the traditional scheme of treating all in one chain is abandoned, and the new scheme of treating all in one chain is adopted, so that the requirements of different areas or different systems on parallel segmentation of data can be met, and all related participants can become an organic whole, so that the unified alarm receiving, unified command and cooperative operation can be realized in the face of sudden disasters, and all links of emergency management can be smoothly and conveniently connected. Meanwhile, the measure greatly simplifies the architecture, reduces the data processing pressure, ensures that the efficiency of another chain cannot be influenced by the sharp increase of the flow on one chain, cannot be interfered by other services on any service on the chain, and effectively realizes the resource isolation.
As shown in fig. 7, the areas are divided, different main bodies in each area build own emergency work chains, and when some disasters occur, a plurality of nodes (shown as circles) on different chains can be selected according to actual needs to form a temporary emergency network for disaster relief command through chain crossing operation. The quick response and effective cooperation among different police and rescue forces across departments and regions are realized. The cross-chain operation of the invention does not involve the transfer of monetary assets, only involves the verification and the data storage, so the invention can refer to the architectural design of cosmos, plasma, multchain and the like.
Distributed task distribution and scheduling:
the overall design target of the distributed task distribution and scheduling model of the invention needs to support dynamic load balancing, zero shutdown updating and high availability, so as to meet the performance required by the system in the emergency command process. The overall model design is shown in fig. 8.
Slack: a messaging platform is integrated and unified with various communication services.
InfluxDB: an open source distributed time sequence, time and index database realizes distributed and horizontal expansion. The method is mainly used for back-end storage of performance monitoring, application program indexes, sensor data of the Internet of things, real-time analysis and the like.
Grafana: a network architecture and a time sequence data display tool in application analysis are used for visually displaying large-scale index data.
And (4) Calico: a three-layer data center network scheme is provided, an IaaS cloud framework such as OpenStack is conveniently integrated, and communication among high-efficiency controllable VMs, containers and bare computers can be provided.
And a leader is deployed in the emergency command center and is responsible for centralized scheduling and unified management. The agents are deployed on each block chain network node, and each machine of each node is provided with one Agent which is responsible for collecting data and managing a Docker. And running long-term service at the edge to support fault recovery. The Agent will be responsible for creating the tasks of each Docker, and the user of the container service will go directly to the edge node to access the container service.
After being started, the agents report messages to the leader, and the leader issues messages to the agents according to the requests of the users and the reported messages. The data interaction and the message processing of the two are carried out asynchronously. The problems of time-out, delay and the like during data processing are prevented, and the problems that a user request cannot be responded all the time and information is lost finally can be caused by synchronous operation.
A calico network scheme is introduced into the model and used for isolating container networks of different owners to realize access control so as to achieve the effect of network isolation among different users. And the distributed kv database in the cluster is responsible for storing network metadata.
In the model, a Raft distributed consistency protocol is used for realizing high availability, election is triggered by a heartbeat mechanism, a leader is elected, the leader appends an instruction (which can be executed by a copy state machine) to a log, and initiates an additional entry RPC (remote procedure call protocol) request to other task executors.
The invention provides a block chain technology-based urban natural disaster monitoring emergency management scheduling platform. The platform is a distributed digital network in a physical deployment form, and is formed by separately deploying service systems and block chain nodes which are independent from each other by each management department and other participants through network connection, wherein a service system of each party is accessed to a block chain network formed by block chain nodes in a well-defined mode, and the block chain network serves as a communication channel for information exchange among the parties. In the platform, different disaster monitoring and early warning systems can be interconnected and intercommunicated quickly, so that information is fully shared, the information is transferred smoothly, and the efficiency is improved; the pre-plan is established in advance and placed in a block chain, and when an emergency occurs, the tasks can be quickly arranged and distributed according to the pre-plan, the response is quick, and the actions of passive response, Zhuge and the like are avoided to a certain extent; the characteristics of non-tampering and the like ensure that the data is real and credible, a complete evidence chain and a responsibility-pursuing chain can be established, and the disposal authority can be ensured to reach people; the platform is parallel to the existing system, is used as a data resource and execution plan support system of an early warning monitoring system, is not invasively replaced or modified, and has good economy.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides an emergent management scheduling platform of city natural disasters monitoring based on block chain which characterized in that includes:
the system comprises an urban natural disaster monitoring and early warning credible emergency scheduling system and an urban natural disaster monitoring and early warning block chain management platform which are connected through a network;
the urban natural disaster monitoring and early warning credible emergency dispatching system comprises a plurality of independent service systems and is used for completing the business operations of acquisition of IoT equipment, data monitoring and early warning, emergency plan formulation and simulation, emergency dispatching command and emergency monitoring and command data analysis;
the urban natural disaster monitoring early warning block chain management platform comprises a block chain network and a corresponding block chain management platform; the block chain management platform is connected with each terminal acquisition device of each emergency system through a communication gateway;
the distributed task distribution and scheduling are carried out by the distributed deployment of the nodes of the plurality of independent service systems and the block chain network through network connection.
2. The city natural disaster monitoring emergency management scheduling platform based on the blockchain of claim 1, wherein the city natural disaster monitoring and early warning credible emergency scheduling system comprises:
the front-end equipment acquisition module is used for monitoring in real time by utilizing various IoT (Internet of things) equipment and mobile terminals and making disaster early warning analysis, prejudgment and reminding according to acquired data;
the emergency monitoring management module stores the data acquired by the front-end equipment acquisition module and the related data recorded in each emergency service system to the bottom layer of the block chain and displays the data in a graphical mode; the early warning device is used for setting early warning threshold values and early warning prompt ranges of various data and writing the early warning threshold values and the early warning prompt ranges into a block chain intelligent contract;
the emergency plan management module is used for managing a plan type, a plan template, a plan flow, plan simulation and release and plan evaluation;
the emergency command management module is used for responding to the management of starting, task distribution, task execution, command coordination, task monitoring and execution evaluation;
the basic data module is used for maintaining and managing disaster relief resources, an expert database, a plan database and IoT equipment;
the system management module is used for organizing management, user management, terminal authority, equipment authority, function or data authority maintenance and management;
and the data analysis module is used for monitoring early warning analysis, executing response analysis, disaster relief condition analysis, plan effect analysis, command efficiency analysis and network efficiency analysis.
3. The urban natural disaster monitoring emergency management scheduling platform based on the blockchain according to claim 2, wherein the management of the plan process in the emergency plan management module comprises:
each plan has a set disaster relief task execution flow, each step of flow needs a participating main body, and when the plan is started, a flow engine and an intelligent contract at the bottom layer of the block chain network can distribute tasks according to preset steps.
4. The urban natural disaster monitoring emergency management scheduling platform based on the blockchain according to claim 2, wherein the management of the plan evaluation in the emergency plan management module comprises:
the execution flow of each plan is endowed with an execution score, and each execution is finished, and the scores are automatically scored through an intelligent contract according to the execution result and the feedback of disaster relief participants; if the plan is executed for a plurality of times, the final score of the plan is given after weighted average.
5. The urban natural disaster monitoring emergency management scheduling platform based on the blockchain according to claim 2, wherein the management of command coordination in the emergency command management module comprises:
when an emergency occurs in the process of executing the task, the commander can adjust the flow in the plan in time and upload the flow to the block chain, and the adjusted flow engine can distribute the task according to the new plan.
6. The urban natural disaster monitoring emergency management scheduling platform based on the blockchain according to claim 2, wherein the management of performing evaluation in the emergency command management module comprises:
according to the evaluation model set in the plan, after each task is completed, the intelligent dating book gives a score to the task automatically according to the evaluation model.
7. The city natural disaster monitoring emergency management scheduling platform based on the blockchain as claimed in claim 1, wherein the blockchain management platform comprises a gateway service module, a consensus service module, a data book module and other management modules;
the gateway service module is an access layer of the application and provides functions of terminal access, private key escrow, safety privacy and protocol conversion;
the consensus service module comprises a consensus network, identity management, security authority, transaction processing, intelligent contracts and data retrieval functions, and is used for ensuring the consistency of the account book information among the nodes;
the data ledger module provides block chain bottom layer service functions for each participant, including blocks, accounts, configuration and storage
The other management module includes: data management, rights management, terminal acquisition, task distribution, IoT data acquisition, and event monitoring.
8. The urban natural disaster monitoring emergency management and dispatching platform based on the block chain as claimed in claim 1, wherein the consensus algorithm of the block chain network is a PBFT consensus algorithm;
the account book structure of the block chain network is an account model, and comprises the following steps: representing transaction, account, and ledger states.
9. The platform of claim 1, wherein the functional components of the consensus node in the blockchain network include a consensus interface, a query interface, a data book, a smart contract virtual machine, and a data store.
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