CN109784857B - Data processing method, device and system based on block chain - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a data processing method, a device and a system based on a block chain. Wherein, the method comprises the following steps: acquiring declaration data corresponding to each declaration phase in a project declaration process; constructing a block chain according to the corresponding consensus rule of each declaration phase, wherein the block chain comprises a main chain and a plurality of slave chains, and each declaration phase is provided with a corresponding slave chain; and storing the declaration data corresponding to each declaration phase in the block chain based on a point-to-point network structure, and managing the declaration data stored in the block chain. The invention solves the technical problems of non-transparency and dark box operation in the declaration project process of the conventional scientific research declaration project platform.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of project declaration management, in particular to a data processing method, device and system based on a block chain.
Background
Scientific research project declaration management refers to the whole-course management of the processes of project release from a guide, project declaration, project evaluation, project customs establishment, node evaluation, acceptance and conclusion and the like. The aim is to implement institutionalized and scientific management of scientific research projects, ensure the scientific research plans to be completed satisfactorily, produce achievements, talents and benefits and improve competitiveness.
At present, scientific research projects can be declared through a paper declaration system and can also be declared through an online scientific research project declaration management system. However, in the conventional project declaration mode, application information is not disclosed when a project declaration is carried out, and the declaration process, the selection of evaluation experts and the evaluation result are not transparent, so that the problem of dark box operation exists. In addition, because the application process is not transparent, the existing project application mode also has the problem that similar contents of the same subject are applied for more than one time, or multiple times of applications are applied for the same problem for many years, so that the scientific research expenses are repeatedly input and the waste is serious.
The conventional scientific research declaration management system focuses on project declaration stages and financial management, neglects management and analysis of scientific research processes and result data, cannot find various problems existing in a project applicant in time and continues to input expenses blindly. In addition, in the process of accepting scientific research projects, scientific research achievements are mainly stored by depending units or project applicants, and an effective supervision mechanism is lacked. Moreover, the acceptance of the scientific research projects does not have the credit system and punishment mechanism of the appraisal experts, so that partial experts are full of the Chinese yam, falsified, have random appraisal results and do not seriously examine whether the node achievements of the project applicant meet the expected requirements or not. The existing scientific research declaration management system is also lack of an integrity mechanism and a punishment mechanism of a project applicant, and the problems of data counterfeiting, result counterfeiting and the like are easy to occur.
In addition, most of the existing scientific research declaration management systems are based on centralized traditional internet platform systems, the maintenance work of the existing scientific research declaration management systems is complicated, and the processes of examination, submission, acceptance and the like of declaration materials of scientific research projects are complicated.
Finally, the existing scientific research declaration management system has the phenomena of 'unique family' and 'one hall', so that the operation of the camera bellows is propagated, and the scientific research declaration is lack of fairness and fairness. Moreover, due to lack of effective supervision, item-related information and process data are at risk of being tampered with and difficult to trace back.
In view of the above problems, no effective solution has been proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a data processing method, a device and a system based on a block chain, which are used for at least solving the technical problems of opaque declaration process and dark box operation in the declaration project process of the conventional scientific research declaration project platform.
According to an aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a data processing method based on a block chain, including: acquiring declaration data corresponding to each declaration phase in a project declaration process; constructing a block chain according to the corresponding consensus rule of each declaration phase, wherein the block chain comprises a main chain and a plurality of slave chains, and each declaration phase is provided with a corresponding slave chain; and storing the declaration data corresponding to each declaration phase in the block chain based on a point-to-point network structure, and managing the declaration data stored in the block chain.
According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is also provided a data processing system based on a blockchain, including: the system comprises a plurality of terminals, a data processing device and a data processing device, wherein the terminals are used for inputting declaration data corresponding to each declaration phase in a project declaration process; the data management platform is used for receiving declaration data input by a plurality of terminals, then constructing a block chain according to a consensus rule corresponding to each declaration phase, storing the declaration data corresponding to each declaration phase in the block chain based on a point-to-point network structure, and managing the declaration data stored in the block chain, wherein the block chain comprises a main chain and a plurality of slave chains, and each declaration phase has a corresponding slave chain.
According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is also provided a data processing apparatus based on a block chain, including: the acquisition module is used for acquiring declaration data corresponding to each declaration phase in the project declaration process; the block chain is constructed according to the consensus rule corresponding to each declaration phase, wherein the block chain comprises a main chain and a plurality of slave chains, and each declaration phase is provided with a corresponding slave chain; and the processing module is used for storing the declaration data corresponding to each declaration phase in the block chain based on a point-to-point network structure and managing the declaration data stored in the block chain.
According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is also provided a storage medium including a stored program, wherein when the program runs, a device on which the storage medium is located is controlled to execute a data processing method based on a block chain.
According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is also provided a processor configured to execute a program, where the program executes a data processing method based on a blockchain.
In the embodiment of the invention, a mode of managing project declaration by adopting a block chain technology is adopted, after declaration data corresponding to each declaration phase in a project declaration process is acquired, a block chain is constructed according to a consensus rule corresponding to each declaration phase, the declaration data corresponding to each declaration phase is stored in the block chain based on a point-to-point network structure, and the declaration data stored in the block chain is managed, wherein the block chain comprises a main chain and a plurality of slave chains, and each declaration phase has a corresponding slave chain.
Therefore, the technical effect of transparentizing the project declaration process is achieved, and the technical problems that the declaration process is opaque and the hidden box is operated in the project declaration process of the conventional scientific research declaration project platform are solved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a blockchain-based data processing system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an alternative blockchain-based data processing system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for processing data based on block chains according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an alternative data management platform in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of an alternative storage of declared data according to embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an alternative blockchain according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an alternative master-slave chain in a blockchain according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a block diagram of an alternative peer-to-peer network in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is an alternative consensus based on consensus rules according to embodiments of the present invention; and
fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a data processing apparatus based on a block chain according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, an embodiment of a data processing system based on a block chain is provided, as shown in fig. 1, the system includes: a plurality of terminals 101 (only two of which are shown in fig. 1), and a data management platform 103.
The terminals 101 are used for inputting declaration data corresponding to each declaration phase in the project declaration process; the data management platform 103 is used for receiving declaration data input by a plurality of terminals, then constructing a block chain according to a consensus rule corresponding to each declaration phase, storing the declaration data corresponding to each declaration phase in the block chain based on a point-to-point network structure, and managing the declaration data stored in the block chain, wherein the block chain comprises a main chain and a plurality of slave chains, and each declaration phase has a corresponding slave chain.
It should be noted that the item declaration may be, but is not limited to, a scientific research item declaration, and the item declaration process includes at least the following declaration stages: the method comprises a guide management stage, a project declaration stage, a project evaluation stage, a node evaluation stage, an expense management stage, an acceptance and conclusion checking stage and a credit management stage. Wherein each declaration phase has different declaration data.
In addition, users using multiple terminals declare management models for projects including, but not limited to, scientific governing authorities, relying parties, project applicants, and review experts. As shown in fig. 2, the frame structure diagram of the data processing system based on the block chain is shown in fig. 2, and the scientific research supervisor is a core user of the whole project declaration management system, and pushes various stages of scientific research project declaration management, such as guideline management, project declaration, project review, project customs establishment, node review, and acceptance check conclusion shown in fig. 2.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 2, the data processing system based on the blockchain provided by the present application adopts key technologies such as a blockchain account book, an intelligent contract, a consensus mechanism, data visualization, and big data mining, and can manage key information such as a project application, a project contract, a project achievement, evaluation information, credit information, process information, and financial information. The decentralized blockchain ledger is the core of the blockchain network, and the process and detail information of all project implementation can be recorded in the blockchain ledger. Optionally, the data structure in the block chain ledger is a chain structure, and once the record cannot be tampered, the false conclusion of any corruption expert and the counterfeiting result of a project principal can be stored through the block chain ledger, so that the false conclusion or the counterfeiting result is transparent to all users.
It should be noted that the decentralized mechanism is beneficial to forming a community for project distributed management, which not only reduces the workload of the scientific research director, but also effectively prevents the phenomena of 'unique' and 'talk around' of some units or some experts.
Alternatively, the intelligent contract in fig. 2 is a key mechanism for users of the blockchain ledger to package, transfer, and record information, wherein the intelligent contract may allow each participating user to set, in the form of code, the execution conditions that require actions to be completed. The consensus mechanism is a key for ensuring the recorded data to be authentic, wherein a project management community-type platform with sufficient supervision, transparency and justice and no renting space is formed by adopting a technical means of combining multiple consensus mechanisms such as unit consensus, review expert consensus, financial consensus and the like. The mutual recognition of the support units means that the reported project needs to be recognized by the mutual recognition of all the support units so as to prevent the phenomena of project plagiarism, intellectual property right infringement and the like; the consensus of the evaluation experts means that the evaluation qualification, the evaluation conclusion and the evaluation process can take effect only after the consensus is approved; financial consensus refers to the fact that expense data for financial acceptance requires consensus support by multiple financial professionals and units.
Optionally, the big data mining in fig. 2 can realize the phenomena of labeling screening, improper evaluation of identification, false result, financial corruption and the like, data required by the project is quickly searched through a customized search engine, the same type of project is quickly matched, project duplication is searched, and repeated investment is reduced, so that the problem of multiple applications on one project is avoided. The data visualization is used for visually displaying the multidimensional data facing to scientific research processes and scientific research achievements.
In addition, it should be further noted that, in the framework structure diagram shown in fig. 2, the intermediate process corresponding to each declaration phase may be automatically triggered and executed by determining a condition through a classification intelligent contract system, and the message data corresponding to the transaction data and the intelligent contract is written into the block chain, which does not need to be operated by a traditional centralized management mechanism.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, an embodiment of a data processing method based on a block chain is further provided, where it is to be noted that the data processing method may be executed in the above data processing system based on a block chain, and the data processing method based on a block chain is described below with reference to the above framework structure of the data processing system based on a block chain.
In addition, it should be noted that, in order to effectively develop project declaration management, the data management platform may use a cloud storage server system and a master-slave alliance chain as a core of the data management system, and simultaneously use a classification intelligent contract system as a guarantee of each management stage. The cloud storage server and the file address based on the hash algorithm provide safety guarantee for distributed process data storage (such as project application books, project contracts, annual progress reports, intermediate progress reports, expense settlement tables, result reports, technical summary reports and the like). Wherein the file address is stored in a blockchain intelligence contract. When the latest process data needs to be acquired, the file address can be captured from the block chain, and then the corresponding file is acquired from the cloud storage server according to the file address.
As can be seen from the above, an execution subject for executing the method provided in this embodiment may be a data management platform, where fig. 3 is a flowchart of a data processing method based on a block chain according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 4 is a structural diagram of the data management platform, and as can be seen from fig. 4, the data management platform mainly includes an access layer, a WEB layer, a service layer, and a data layer, and a user that can use the data management system shown in fig. 4 includes a relying party, an expert for review, a scientific research director, and a project leader.
Optionally, the access layer includes a gateway and load balancing, where the gateway is used for implementing network interconnection on the access layer and also provides filtering and security functions; load balancing is used to increase the bandwidth of network devices and servers, increase throughput, enhance network data processing capacity, and increase flexibility and availability of the network based on existing network architectures. The WEB layer comprises a WEB server cluster and CDN (Content Delivery Network) Content transmission, wherein the WEB server cluster is used for building a high-availability website server cluster so that a data management platform can bear high concurrent requests and resist Network attacks, the service withdrawal of any server does not influence the operation of the whole cluster, and the operation condition of each server can be monitored in real time; in CDN content transmission, a new network architecture is added in the existing Internet to release the content of a website to the edge of the network closest to a user, so that the user can obtain the required content nearby, the congestion condition of the Internet network is solved, the response speed of the user for accessing the website is improved, and the problems of small network bandwidth, large user access amount, uneven website distribution and low response speed of the user for accessing the website are solved. The WEB layer may interact with the server via a Remote Procedure Call (RPC) protocol, which may request services from Remote computer programs over the network without having to protocol the protocols of the underlying network technology, which may make it easier to develop applications including network distributed multiprogrammers. The service layer comprises user services, achievement data services, financial services, contract declaration services, block chain services, process management services and the like, wherein the service layer effectively manages and interactively operates the services through service component management. The data layer includes object stores, search engines, blockchains, databases, caches, message queues, and the like.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the data processing method based on the block chain according to the embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
step S302, acquiring declaration data corresponding to each declaration phase in the project declaration process.
It should be noted that the main execution body for executing the data processing method based on the blockchain provided in this embodiment is the data management platform in fig. 1. Optionally, a user who manages the project declaration can input declaration data corresponding to each declaration phase in the project declaration process to the data management platform through the terminal, so that the data management platform can acquire the declaration data corresponding to each declaration phase. Wherein, the project declaration process at least comprises the following declaration stages: the method comprises a guide management stage, a project declaration stage, a project evaluation stage, a node evaluation stage, an expense management stage, an acceptance and conclusion checking stage and a credit management stage.
Step S304, constructing a block chain according to the consensus rule corresponding to each declaration phase, wherein the block chain comprises a main chain and a plurality of slave chains, and each declaration phase has a corresponding slave chain.
It should be noted that the blockchain refers to a blockchain formed by arranging transactions into blocks within a preset time period and cryptographically linking the blocks according to a sequence, wherein the blockchain can perform replication and sharing between nodes on a blockchain network, and content on the chain can be maintained collectively by a network composed of participating nodes according to different consensus mechanisms.
Optionally, in this application, the blockchain network includes five layers, namely, a data layer, a network layer, a consensus layer, a contract layer, and an application layer. The data layer comprises an upper chain part and a lower chain part, the upper chain part is the above mentioned distributed block chain account book, and the block chain account book is a data structure capable of stringing blocks into a chain table. The network layer has a multi-layer P2P (Point-to-Point) network architecture, the consensus layer can solve the problem of how to construct a block and how to maintain a block chain, the contract layer can generate different intelligent contracts at different declaration stages, and the application layer is a display layer of the block chain.
In an alternative arrangement, fig. 5 shows a storage diagram of declaration data, wherein the declaration data includes various transaction and message data 401 and various process data and documents 402 in fig. 5, and the various transaction and message data 401 are transaction data, summary information and smart contract message data of various declaration phases initiated by various terminals (i.e., consensus nodes) to the blockchain network 400, and are stored and deployed on the blockchain through the blockchain server 403, while each consensus node has a copy of the various transaction and message data 401. The various process data and documents 402 include, but are not limited to, project application books, task books, project contracts, annual summary reports, interim summary reports, expense settlement tables, project issue reports, etc., and the various process data and documents 402 may be stored in a distributed manner by the linked servers 404, which are typically stored in a distributed manner using cloud storage servers.
In addition, in the schematic diagram shown in fig. 5, the transaction is the main content constituting the block, the block is the data organization unit of the block chain network, the blocks are connected in series by the chain table, and the hash operation is the connection link. The transaction and the intelligent contract of the data management platform are initiated and deployed by the consensus node, and the transaction data, the summary information and the message data of the intelligent contract are packed into blocks through mining processing of a block chain network based on a specific consensus mechanism, so that the transaction is changed into a non-falsifiable transaction, the security of the transaction is ensured, and the transaction is confirmed. As shown in fig. 5, the blockchain includes a main chain 405 and a plurality of slave chains 406, and the consensus nodes include a system node 407, a management node 408, a normal node 409, and a guest node 410. Each consensus node may exist in the form of a terminal device, or may exist in the form of a server, which is not specifically limited in this application.
It should be noted that, the application uses a block chain storage structure of a master-slave chain to store declaration data. The main chain is used for storing the summary information of each declaration stage, such as daily transaction and message data which are sensed by a scientific research governing organ, and the total information or summary information of each project declaration stage (namely the total information and the summary information of a guide management stage, a project declaration stage, a project review stage, a node review stage, a expense management stage, a check and acceptance conclusion stage and a credit management stage); the slave chains are used for storing the declaration data generated in the corresponding declaration phase and contract rules, wherein each slave chain respectively stores the same-class transaction and message data, for example, the address of the relevant data used for storing the project declaration phase of the project declaration slave chain, and the slave chain can be formed by participation of a scientific research supervisor organization, an relying unit and a project applicant in consensus.
In addition, the corresponding consensus rule for each declaration phase has a corresponding master or slave chain. Wherein, different main chains or auxiliary chains correspond to different consensus rules, for example, the consensus rules of the main chain blocks limit the participation of a scientific research executive, a project applicant, a dependent unit and a review expert to obtain consensus results; and in the guidance management stage, the consensus rules of the subordinate chains limit the participation of a scientific research supervisor, a dependent unit and an evaluation expert to obtain a consensus result.
In addition, it should be noted that the algorithms corresponding to the consensus rule in step S304 include, but are not limited to, PBFT (Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance) algorithm, Paxos algorithm, and Raft algorithm.
Step S306, storing the declaration data corresponding to each declaration phase in the block chain based on the point-to-point network structure, and managing the declaration data stored in the block chain.
It should be noted that the architecture of the blockchain network may be a point-to-point network structure. The peer-to-peer (i.e., P2P) network architecture is implemented using peer-to-peer technology, wherein the peer-to-peer technology enables direct transfers and transactions between users without confirmation and authorization by an intermediary, and the peer-to-peer based network architecture also ensures the reliability of data replication during data replication at multiple consensus nodes. In addition, in the peer-to-peer network architecture of the blockchain, the blockchain can realize data sharing through the broadcast of the message, and a user can join the network at any time, so that the expandability of the blockchain network is improved. Because the resources in the blockchain network are distributed in each common node, when a certain node in the network is damaged, the whole blockchain network can also normally operate, namely the point-to-point network of the blockchain has higher fault-tolerant capability. The peer-to-peer network also has self-regulation capability, i.e. after some nodes leave, the peer-to-peer network can automatically regulate the network topology. The more nodes in a blockchain network, the better the robustness of the network.
In addition, it should be further noted that the data management platform in the present application may store the consensus results of different participants in different declaration phases in the corresponding slave chains, so as to optimize the storage manner of the blockchain, enhance the supervision and management flexibility of the blockchain, and facilitate quick retrieval and query and access to the corresponding slave chains by different authorities.
In addition, all terminals can access the main chain, and the auxiliary chain only develops objects participating in consensus, so that access authority can be set by adopting the main-auxiliary chain structure, data access efficiency and search efficiency are provided, and large data analysis and data visualization are facilitated.
Optionally, after the declaration data is stored in the block chain, the users corresponding to the multiple terminals may manage the declaration data stored in the block chain by using an intelligent contract system through the data management platform.
Based on the schemes defined in the above steps S302 to S306, it can be known that, a mode of managing project declaration by using a block chain technique is implemented, after declaration data corresponding to each declaration phase in a project declaration process is acquired, a block chain is constructed according to a consensus rule corresponding to each declaration phase, then the declaration data corresponding to each declaration phase is stored in the block chain based on a point-to-point network structure, and the declaration data stored in the block chain is managed, where the block chain includes a main chain and a plurality of slave chains, and each declaration phase has a corresponding slave chain.
It is easy to notice that the application adopts the structure of the master-slave alliance chain to store the declaration data, so that the access efficiency of the declaration data is improved, and the slave chain which can be accessed by each user can be conveniently set according to the authority. All users can access the main chain and can obtain the summary information of the project declaration, so that the dark box operation in the project declaration process is prevented. In addition, in the application, each declaration stage has a corresponding consensus rule, the blockchain network adopts a point-to-point network structure, the consensus flexibility is improved, and the consensus rules correspond to the master-slave chains one by one, so that the flexibility, reliability, expandability and stability of the data management platform are enhanced. The user can verify the declaration data of the declaration stage based on the consensus rule of each declaration stage, can effectively prevent the problem of multiple declarations, and plays a role in supervising the acceptance of scientific research results.
Therefore, the technical effect of transparentizing the project declaration process is achieved, and the technical problems that the declaration process is opaque and the hidden box is operated in the project declaration process of the conventional scientific research declaration project platform are solved.
Optionally, the main chain at least includes a first start block and a first end block, and each secondary chain at least includes a second start block and a second end block, where the first start block corresponds to the second start block and is used to store start summary information and block height of a corresponding declaration phase; the first ending block corresponds to the second ending block and is used for storing ending summary information and block heights of the corresponding declaration stage.
In an alternative scheme, fig. 6 shows a schematic structure diagram of a block in a block chain, as can be seen from fig. 6, the block includes a block header and a block body. The block header comprises a root hash value of a Merkle tree of a previous block, a root hash value of the Merkle tree of the current block, a timestamp and other information; the block body comprises a plurality of transaction records (such as transaction record 1 and transaction record N in fig. 6), wherein the transaction records may be daily notification and messages of a scientific research governing body, transaction records and summary information of each declaration stage, and also may be intelligent contract messages (also called internal transactions) of each declaration stage.
It should be noted that, in the above process, the root hash value of the Merkle tree may be obtained by performing a double hash algorithm and a group-by-group concatenation of two transactions for multiple times on all transactions included in the block.
In an alternative scheme, fig. 7 shows a schematic structural diagram of a master-slave chain in a block chain, where in fig. 7, 501 is a master chain, 502, 503, 504, 505, 506, 507, and 508 are slave chains corresponding to different declaration phases, and optionally, 502 is a slave chain of a guideline management phase, 503 is a slave chain of a project declaration phase, 504 is a slave chain of a project review phase, 505 is a slave chain of a node review phase, 506 is a slave chain of a expense management phase, 507 is a slave chain of a check and acceptance conclusion phase, and 508 is a slave chain of a credit management phase.
Specifically, the slave chain 502 of the guideline management phase is used for recording transaction data collected and issued with the guideline and message data of corresponding intelligent contracts, wherein the nodes participating in consensus comprise a scientific research supervisor, an relying unit and a review expert. The subordinate chain 503 of the project declaration phase is used for recording transaction data of the project declaration phase and message data of corresponding intelligent contracts, wherein the electronic version of the project application is stored in a data base under the chain, and the nodes participating in consensus comprise a scientific research supervisor organ, a relying unit and a project applicant. The secondary chain 504 of the project review stage is used to document transactional data (e.g., scoring and evaluation data) and message data of corresponding intelligent contracts (i.e., contract rules) for the anonymous submission and review stage of the project, wherein the nodes participating in consensus include scientific carriers, relying parties, review experts, and project applicants. The slave chain 505 of the node review stage is used for recording transaction data (e.g., mission approval, progress scoring and evaluation data) of the node review stage (e.g., mission book drawing, annual progress, mid-term progress and the like) and message data of corresponding intelligent contracts, wherein electronic version files of the mission book, the annual progress report, the mid-term progress report and the like are stored in a server under the chain, and nodes participating in consensus comprise a scientific research master, an relying unit, a review expert and a project applicant. The subordinate chain 506 of the expense management stage is used for recording the distribution and use condition of the expense, and the nodes participating in consensus comprise a scientific research director, a depending unit and a project applicant. The slave chain 507 of the acceptance and conclusion stage is used for recording transaction data (for example, grading and evaluation data) of the acceptance and conclusion stage and message data of a corresponding intelligent contract, wherein electronic version files such as a conclusion report and an expense settlement report are stored in a server under the chain, and nodes participating in consensus comprise a scientific research supervisor, a dependence unit, an evaluation expert and a project applicant. The slave chain 508 of the credit management phase is used to record credit records and punishment of project applicant and review expert, wherein the nodes participating in consensus include scientific research governing bodies, relying parties, review experts and project applicant.
Further, the main chain and the slave chain have an anchor relationship, and the slave chain 502 of the guideline management phase and the slave chain 503 of the project declaration phase are described as an example. Specifically, as shown in fig. 7, a block 5010 of the main chain 501 and a block 5020 of the slave chain 502 in the guideline management phase are all the same, and are the starting blocks of the south collection and distribution phase, and are used for recording the number, grouping and source conditions of the guideline collection (e.g., which dependent units or which experts are to be collected). The contents of block 5011 of the main chain 501 and block 5021 of the secondary chain 502 of the guideline management phase are all identical and refer to the end block of the south collection and publication phase for recording the collected guideline instances (e.g., quantity and source instances) and the published guideline quantities and grouping and publication object (e.g., depending on the unit) instances. The master chain 501 does not record intermediate transaction data and smart contract message data for the guideline collection and publication processes, but is recorded by the slave chain 502 of the guideline management phase. Similarly, a block 5012 of the main chain 501 and a block 5030 of the secondary chain 503 in the project declaration phase are the same, and are both start blocks of the project declaration phase, and are used for recording information such as the distribution scheme of the expenditure of each department of the scientific research governing organization, the subsidy degree of each type of project, the declaration qualification, and the declaration requirement. The block 5013 of the main chain 501 and the block 5031 of the secondary chain 503 of the project declaration phase have the same contents, and are both end blocks of the project declaration phase for recording various summary information of project declaration. The master chain 501 does not record intermediate transaction data and smart contract message data for the project declaration phase, but rather is recorded by the slave chain 503 for the project declaration phase.
In an optional scheme, users participating in project declaration include, but are not limited to, a scientific research supervisor, a relying unit, a project applicant and a review expert, a data management platform can be logged in by inputting a corresponding user name and a password, the data management platform obtains authority information of a terminal accessing a block chain aiming at a received user name, and determines a block chain type accessed by the terminal based on the authority information, wherein the block chain type includes a main chain and a slave chain. Under the condition that the block chain type is a main chain, the data management platform acquires summary information corresponding to each declaration stage stored in the main chain; and under the condition that the block chain type is the slave chain, the data management platform determines a target declaration phase corresponding to the slave chain, determines a target slave chain corresponding to the target declaration phase, and acquires declaration data corresponding to the target declaration phase from the target slave chain. For example, if the data management platform determines that the review expert has the authority to check the scientific research achievements and the scientific research materials in the stage of checking and accepting the outcome, but does not have the authority to check and accept the financial affairs, the data management platform acquires the related data of the scientific research achievements and the scientific research materials from the slave chain corresponding to the stage of checking and accepting the outcome.
In an alternative, fig. 8 shows a block diagram of a peer-to-peer network, and as shown in fig. 8, the peer-to-peer network structure includes at least a system layer 801, an authorization layer 802, a management layer 803, a normal layer 804, and a guest layer 805, where the system layer and the authorization layer are referred to as a consensus layer 800. In addition, each layer of the point-to-point network structure includes different consensus nodes, the consensus nodes including at least one of: system node 8010, authorizing node 8020, managing node 8030, normal node 8040 and guest node 8050.
Optionally, the system layer 801 includes all system nodes 8010. Authorization layer 802 includes all authorized nodes 8020, i.e., all management nodes and/or regular nodes that are selected to participate in the consensus process. The management layer 803 includes all management nodes 8030. The common layer 804 includes all common nodes 8040. The guest layer 805 includes all guest nodes 8050. The system node 8010 is a constantly online and stably operating node in the data management platform, the authorized node 8020 is a management node or a common node selected by a certain rule in the current consensus process, and the system node and the authorized node complete the consensus of the current block together, which are collectively referred to as a consensus node. All system nodes 8010, all management nodes 8030 and all ordinary nodes 8040 are synchronized to the backbone, and all nodes (including guest nodes 8050) have access to the backbone. All system nodes 8010 synchronize with all slave chains, all management nodes 8030 or all ordinary nodes 8040 synchronize with corresponding slave chains with permission to participate, and for slave chains without permission to participate, neither management node 8030 or ordinary node 8040 has permission to access the slave chain. Guest node 8050 has no access rights to any slave chain.
Specifically, the consensus layer 800 is used to perform consensus on the blockchain. Optionally, the consensus layer 800 includes at least a system layer 801. In the case that the consensus layer only includes the system layer, the consensus process in the consensus layer is automatically completed by the system node 8010. The consensus layer may also be composed of all system nodes 8010 and all authorized nodes 8020, where the authorized node 8020 is an online management node 8030 and/or an online ordinary node 8040 when a preset number of current blocks selected from the management layer 803 and/or the ordinary layer 804 are consensus according to a preset rule (e.g., a random search rule). Optionally, a preset number of online management nodes and/or online common nodes may be selected according to the needs of the actual scene, thereby improving the flexibility of consensus. In addition, where the consensus layer includes only a system layer, consensus only by system node 8010 may ensure consensus stability and automation. In the case where the consensus layer includes only a system layer and a grant layer, the confidence of the federation chain (i.e., the master-slave chain described above) may be improved. Since the management node 8030 and/or the normal node 8040 in the consensus layer 800 may be different in each selection of the grant layer 802 in each block consensus process, the consensus layer 806 and the grant layer 802 are dynamically changed.
The management layer 803 is used for maintaining the management node 8030, accepting the application of the guest node 8050 as the management node 8030, and selecting the management node 8030 to enter the authorization layer 802 to become the authorized node 8020 to participate in consensus. The management node 8030 selected from the grant layer 802 at each time during the consensus process for each block may be different, and thus it can be seen that the consensus layer 806 and the grant layer 802 are dynamically changed.
The generic layer 804 is used to maintain the generic node 8040, accept requests from the guest node 8050 to become the generic node 8040, and select the generic node 8040 to enter the authorization layer 802 to become the authorized node 8020 to participate in consensus. Since the common node 8040 selected from the grant layer 802 at each time in the block consensus process may be different, the consensus layer 806 and the grant layer 802 are dynamically changed.
The guest layer 805 includes all guest nodes 8050 outside the federation. Guest node 8050 has transaction rights, has main chain block read rights, and does not have any read rights from the chain. The guest layer is used for maintaining the guest node 8050, submitting an application of the guest node 8050 to the management layer 803, and submitting an application of the guest node 8050 to the normal layer 804. The guest layer 805 is dynamically changing and any computer with internet capability can become a guest node 8050.
In an optional scheme, after constructing the blockchain according to the consensus rule corresponding to each declaration phase, the data management platform further stores declaration data corresponding to each declaration phase in the blockchain based on a point-to-point network structure, and manages the declaration data stored in the blockchain. Specifically, the data management platform firstly obtains a first consensus result of the summary information of each declaration stage by the system node and the authorization node, stores the first consensus result into a main chain of a block chain, then determines a consensus node corresponding to each declaration stage, obtains a second consensus result of the consensus node corresponding to each declaration stage to the declaration data of the declaration stage, and finally stores the second consensus result into a secondary chain corresponding to the declaration stage.
Optionally, fig. 9 shows a consensus diagram based on consensus rules. As can be seen from fig. 9, each consensus rule corresponds to one master chain and seven slave chains, wherein each consensus process corresponds to one consensus rule. In fig. 9, the participants of the consensus process 901 of the main chain 501 include system nodes, authorized scientific director organization nodes, authorized relying party nodes, authorized review expert nodes, and authorized project applicant nodes. The solid line boxes in fig. 9 indicate that the system nodes must participate in consensus, and the dotted line boxes indicate that the authorized nodes may not participate in consensus, and the users of the data management platform can decide the nodes participating in consensus according to actual conditions. Participants in the consensus process 902 of the slave chain 502 of the guideline management phase include system nodes, authorized scientific governing body nodes, authorized relying party nodes, and authorized review expert nodes. Participants of the consensus process 903 of the slave chain 503 of the project declaration phase include system nodes, authorized scientific governing organ nodes, authorized relying party nodes, and authorized project applicant nodes. Participants in the consensus process 904 of the slave chain 504 of the project review phase include system nodes, authorized scientific director authority nodes, authorized relying party nodes, authorized review expert nodes, and authorized project applicant nodes. The participants of the consensus process 905 of the slave chain 505 of the node review stage include system nodes, authorized scientific director organization nodes, authorized relying party nodes, authorized review expert nodes, and authorized project applicant nodes. Participants in the consensus process 906 of the slave chain 506 of the expense management phase include system nodes, authorized scientific governing body nodes, authorized relying party nodes, and authorized project applicant nodes. Participants of the consensus process 907 of the slave chain 507 in the checking and accepting phase include system nodes, authorized scientific research director organ nodes, authorized relying unit nodes, authorized review expert nodes and authorized project applicant nodes. The participants of the consensus process 908 of the slave chain 508 of the credit management phase include system nodes, authorized scientific governing body nodes, authorized relying party nodes, authorized review expert nodes, and authorized project applicant nodes.
From the above, the invention provides a reporting and process management mode constructed for each participant of a scientific research reporting management platform by using a block chain technology, and compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) project-related declaration information, contract summaries, result summaries, financial and process information are all recorded on the chain in the form of block data. The reporting information and the contract abstract are linked up, so that data classification is facilitated, and repeated reporting is prevented; the result abstract is linked up, so that joint supervision is facilitated, and scientific research counterfeiting is prevented; the process information is linked up, so that progress can be mastered, and out of control can be prevented; financial cochain is favorable to the data transparent, prevents to corrupt.
(2) All process information, data and documents of the project are stored in a blockchain server and a cloud server through an asymmetric encryption technology, only a user holding a secret key can view real content, and the invisible hash value is obtained for other users; the information of the uplink project can not be tampered and can be permanently traced; multi-party combination, performing multi-authentication and multi-party backup on project data; the users of the nodes on the chain can expand the capacity at any time, and the expansion nodes can be used as supervisors of the project process.
(3) The expert packs and links up the review process and the conclusion of the project together with the summary of the result of the project in the form of block data, all nodes in the alliance can be accessed through various terminals to check and verify, and meanwhile, the review process and the conclusion are subjected to two-way anonymous evaluation and scoring. The evaluation and scoring of different items by the same expert in the chain constitutes a credit system, from which it is compiled into an expert credit library. The expert credit library can be seen in the whole network, and no mechanism is needed for endorsement.
(4) Item data are stored in a chain mode, and anyone can not tamper with the item data; real-time data synchronization of nodes on the chain is realized, and malicious units or personnel are prevented from colluding and making a false result; a customized search engine is used for quickly searching data required by a project; items of the same type are quickly matched, item duplicate checking is carried out, and repeated investment is reduced; performing labeling screening based on data mining, and identifying phenomena such as improper evaluation, result counterfeiting and financial corruption; and carrying out multi-dimensional data visual display facing to scientific research processes and achievements.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is further provided an embodiment of a data processing apparatus based on a block chain, where fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of the data processing apparatus based on the block chain according to the embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 10, the apparatus includes: an acquisition module 1001, a construction module 1003 and a processing module 1005.
The acquiring module 1001 is configured to acquire declaration data corresponding to each declaration phase in a project declaration process; a constructing module 1003, configured to construct a block chain according to a consensus rule corresponding to each declaration phase, where the block chain includes a main chain and multiple slave chains, and each declaration phase has a corresponding slave chain; a processing module 1005, configured to store, in the blockchain, declaration data corresponding to each declaration phase based on the peer-to-peer network structure, and manage the declaration data stored in the blockchain.
It should be noted here that the above-mentioned obtaining module 1001, the constructing module 1003 and the processing module 1005 correspond to steps S302 to S306 of the above-mentioned embodiment, and the three modules are the same as the examples and application scenarios realized by the corresponding steps, but are not limited to the disclosure of the above-mentioned embodiment.
Optionally, the project declaration process at least includes the following declaration phases: the system comprises a guide management stage, a project declaration stage, a project evaluation stage, a node evaluation stage, an expense management stage, a check and acceptance conclusion stage and a credit management stage, wherein a slave chain is used for storing declaration data generated in the corresponding declaration stage. The main chain is used for storing the summary information of each declaration phase.
Optionally, the main chain at least includes a first start block and a first end block, and each secondary chain at least includes a second start block and a second end block, where the first start block corresponds to the second start block and is used to store start summary information and block height of a corresponding declaration phase; the first ending block corresponds to the second ending block and is used for storing ending summary information and block heights of the corresponding declaration stage.
Optionally, the corresponding consensus rule of each declaration phase has a corresponding master chain or slave chain.
Optionally, the peer-to-peer network structure at least includes a system layer, an authorization layer, a management layer, a common layer, and a guest layer, where each layer of the peer-to-peer network structure includes different consensus nodes, and the consensus nodes include at least one of the following: system nodes, authorization nodes, management nodes, ordinary nodes and guest nodes.
In an alternative, the processing module comprises: the device comprises a first acquisition module, a determination module, a second acquisition module and a storage module. The first acquisition module is used for acquiring a first common identification result of the system node and the authorized node on the summary information of each declaration stage and storing the first common identification result into a main chain of a block chain; the determining module is used for determining the consensus node corresponding to each declaration phase; the second acquisition module is used for acquiring a second consensus result of the consensus node corresponding to each declaration phase on the declaration data of the declaration phase; and the storage module is used for storing the second consensus result into the slave chain corresponding to the declaration phase.
According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is also provided a storage medium including a stored program, where the program is executed to control a device on which the storage medium is located to execute the above-mentioned data processing method based on a block chain.
According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is also provided a processor, configured to execute a program, where the program executes the above method for processing data based on a blockchain.
The above-mentioned serial numbers of the embodiments of the present invention are merely for description and do not represent the merits of the embodiments.
In the above embodiments of the present invention, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and for parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference may be made to related descriptions of other embodiments.
In the embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed technology can be implemented in other ways. The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the units may be a logical division, and in actual implementation, there may be another division, for example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, units or modules, and may be in an electrical or other form.
The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be realized in a form of hardware, and can also be realized in a form of a software functional unit.
The integrated unit, if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a removable hard disk, a magnetic or optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A data processing method based on a block chain is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring declaration data corresponding to each declaration phase in a project declaration process;
constructing a block chain according to the consensus rule corresponding to each declaration phase, wherein the block chain comprises a main chain and a plurality of slave chains, and each declaration phase has a corresponding slave chain;
storing declaration data corresponding to each declaration phase in the block chain based on a point-to-point network structure, and managing the declaration data stored in the block chain;
the main chain at least comprises a first starting block and a first ending block, each secondary chain at least comprises a second starting block and a second ending block, and the first starting block corresponds to the second starting block and is used for storing starting summary information and block heights of corresponding declaration stages; the first ending block corresponds to the second ending block and is used for storing ending summary information and block heights of the corresponding declaration stage.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the project declaration process includes at least the following declaration phases: the system comprises a guide management stage, a project declaration stage, a project review stage, a node review stage, an expense management stage, a check and acceptance conclusion stage and a credit management stage, wherein the slave chain is used for storing declaration data generated in the corresponding declaration stage.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the backbone is configured to store summary information for each declaration phase.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the consensus rule for each declaration phase has a corresponding master chain or slave chain.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the peer-to-peer network structure comprises at least a system layer, an authorization layer, a management layer, a common layer, and a guest layer, wherein each layer of the peer-to-peer network structure comprises a different consensus node, the consensus node comprising at least one of: system nodes, authorization nodes, management nodes, ordinary nodes and guest nodes.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein storing declaration data corresponding to each declaration phase in the blockchain based on a peer-to-peer network structure, and managing declaration data stored in the blockchain comprises:
acquiring a first common identification result of the system node and the authorization node on the summary information of each declaration phase, and storing the first common identification result into a main chain of the block chain;
determining a consensus node corresponding to each declaration phase; acquiring a second consensus result of the consensus node corresponding to each declaration phase to the declaration data of the declaration phase;
and storing the second consensus result into the slave chain corresponding to the declaration phase.
7. A blockchain-based data processing system, comprising:
the system comprises a plurality of terminals, a data processing device and a data processing device, wherein the terminals are used for inputting declaration data corresponding to each declaration phase in a project declaration process;
the data management platform is used for receiving declaration data input by the terminals, constructing a block chain according to a consensus rule corresponding to each declaration phase, storing the declaration data corresponding to each declaration phase in the block chain based on a point-to-point network structure, and managing the declaration data stored in the block chain, wherein the block chain comprises a main chain and a plurality of slave chains, and each declaration phase has a corresponding slave chain;
the main chain at least comprises a first starting block and a first ending block, each secondary chain at least comprises a second starting block and a second ending block, and the first starting block corresponds to the second starting block and is used for storing starting summary information and block heights of corresponding declaration stages; the first ending block corresponds to the second ending block and is used for storing ending summary information and block heights of the corresponding declaration stage.
8. A blockchain-based data processing apparatus, comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring declaration data corresponding to each declaration phase in the project declaration process;
the construction module is used for constructing a block chain according to the consensus rule corresponding to each declaration phase, wherein the block chain comprises a main chain and a plurality of slave chains, and each declaration phase has a corresponding slave chain;
the processing module is used for storing the declaration data corresponding to each declaration phase in the block chain based on a point-to-point network structure and managing the declaration data stored in the block chain;
the main chain at least comprises a first starting block and a first ending block, each secondary chain at least comprises a second starting block and a second ending block, and the first starting block corresponds to the second starting block and is used for storing starting summary information and block heights of corresponding declaration stages; the first ending block corresponds to the second ending block and is used for storing ending summary information and block heights of the corresponding declaration stage.
9. A storage medium, characterized in that the storage medium comprises a stored program, wherein when the program runs, a device in which the storage medium is located is controlled to execute the block chain-based data processing method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
10. A processor, configured to execute a program, wherein the program executes to perform the method for processing data based on a blockchain according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
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| CN111159750B (en) * | 2020-04-07 | 2021-02-05 | 南京邮电大学 | Automobile maintenance data storage method based on alliance chain |
| CN111798209A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-10-20 | 远光软件股份有限公司 | Engineering project management method based on block chain, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN113706310A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-11-26 | 合肥新青罗数字技术有限公司 | Innovative coupon management system based on block chain |
| CN114390063B (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2023-09-29 | 蚂蚁区块链科技(上海)有限公司 | Message broadcasting method for blockchain network, blockchain node and blockchain system |
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