CN113033120B - Calculation method for volume weight characteristic value of viscous debris flow - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for calculating a volume weight characteristic value of a viscous debris flow, and belongs to the technical field of disaster reduction and prevention. The method comprises the steps of (1) carrying out field investigation on the debris flow gully and calculating the peak flow of the debris flow; (2) Determining the position of a sampling area according to the debris flow accumulation form and obtaining a soil sample; (3) Analyzing the particle component characteristics of each soil sample, and calculating Rong Chongzhi corresponding to each sample; (4) Analyzing the data of each sampling area, and calculating the average value of the volume weight values obtained in the step (3) as the volume weight of the area; (5) Analyzing the volume weight obtained in the step (4), and calculating the maximum volume weight and the average volume weight of the debris flow; (6) And (5) analyzing the relation between the volume weight value obtained in the step (5) and the peak flow value obtained in the step (1), and checking the calculation result. The invention fully considers the sampling error generated by the debris flow accumulation sample and the correlation relationship among all parameters, and effectively solves the problems of ambiguity and uncertainty in the definition and calculation of the current debris flow volume weight value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of disaster reduction and prevention, in particular to a calculation method of volume weight characteristic values of viscous debris flow.
Background
The volume weight of a debris flow is a basic parameter describing the physical properties of the debris flow and is defined as the fluid weight per unit volume. The volume weight not only expresses the property difference of the fluid, but also is an important parameter of a calculation formula of dynamic characteristic values such as flow velocity, flow, total amount of once-flushed solid matters, punching force and the like of the debris flow disaster, and is one of key parameters in evaluation and treatment of the debris flow disaster.
The former scholars establish three large types of volume weight calculation methods through statistical analysis, and have great defects while serving the recent debris flow disaster prevention and reduction in China. The current research on the volume weight of the debris flow has a key basic problem, namely, describing the volume weight of the debris flow is a general concept, and for a typical unsteady flow debris flow disaster, the physical meaning is not clear and no specific directivity exists. In fact, the physical properties of the debris flow are constantly changed on a space-time scale as a non-constant flow, so that the volume weight is also constantly changed, and the quantitative description and calculation of the characteristics of the debris flow by using an undefined quantity are not suitable. The ambiguity on the basis can not explain the sampling test problem in the current survey standard, the sampling test process is a concrete point concept, the amount of the image point is used for determining the ambiguity, the ambiguity has no physical significance, and the accuracy of the calculation result can not be judged.
Therefore, in order to understand the debris flow process more deeply and describe the debris flow disaster characteristic value in a fine manner, the physical meaning and the characteristic value of the volume weight of the debris flow need to be determined firstly.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art, provides a calculation method for the volume weight characteristic value of the viscous debris flow, solves the two problems of fuzzy definition and incapability of checking the volume weight of the debris flow in the prior art, simultaneously considers the correlation calculation problem between the volume weight and the dynamic parameter, determines the dynamic parameter of the debris flow through independent investigation, effectively reduces errors and increases the suitability of the method.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for calculating a volume-weighted characteristic value of a viscous debris flow, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) Calculating the peak flow of the debris flow according to the formula (1) and the formula (2) by investigating debris flow mountain mouth debris marks:
Q p ＝V×S (2)
in the formula (1) and the formula (2), V is the flow velocity of mud stone flowing out of the mountain mouth, and m/s; n is c The flow resistance coefficient of the viscous debris is a value specified according to debris flow exploration specifications; h is the height of the debris flow flowing mud level m; j is the longitudinal gradient of the channel at the mud mark inspection position; s is the flow cross-sectional area of the place where the mud marks are checked, m 2 ；Q p Is the peak flow;
(2) Through investigating the accumulation characteristics of debris flow disasters in a circulation area and an accumulation area, accumulation sampling is carried out, sampling areas are distributed along two banks of a channel, complete accumulation of the recessed bank of the debris flow channel is selected as far as possible, each sampling area ensures that at least 3 soil samples are arranged, and the distance between each soil sample collecting point is not less than 1m.
(3) Performing particle analysis on the soil sample in the step (2), and calculating the average value of the volume weight of the debris flow represented by the m sample in the i sampling area according to the formula (3) to the formula (6) recommended by the survey specification to be used as the volume weight value gamma of the sample im ：
γ im ＝(0.175+0.743P 2 )(γ s -1)+1 (3)；
γ im ＝-1.32×10 3 x 7 -5.13×10 2 x 6 +8.91×10 2 x 5 -55x 4 +34.6x 3 -67x 2 +12.5x+1.55 (4)；
In formula (3) to formula (6), P 2 Is the percentage content of coarse particles with the particle diameter larger than 2 mm; gamma ray s The specific gravity of coarse particles is more than 2mm, 2.7g/cm is taken 3 (ii) a x is the content of clay particles with the particle size less than 0.005mm in the debris flow sediment; p 05 Is the percentage content of fine particles with the particle size less than 0.05 mm; gamma' liquid crystal display 0 Taking the minimum volume weight of the debris flow as 1.5g/cm 3 ；γ V The minimum volume weight of the viscous debris flow is 2.0g/cm 3 。
(4) Calculating an average value of the volume weight values of the soil samples of each sampling area obtained in the step (3) according to a formula (7), and taking the average value as the volume weight of the ith sampling area:
in equation (7): gamma ray i Is the volume weight value of the ith sampling area, g/cm 3 ；γ im Is the volume weight, g/cm, of the m-th sample in the i-th sampling area 3 。
(5) Analyzing Rong Chongzhi of each sampling area, and calculating the maximum volume weight gamma of the debris flow according to the formula (8) and the formula (10) max And average volume weight gamma m ：
γ max ＝max{γ i } (8)
γ m ＝0.8273×γ max +0.2292 (9)
In equation (8): gamma ray max Is maximum volume weight, g/cm 3 ；γ m Is the average volume weight, g/cm 3 ，γ i As above.
(6) Analyzing the peak flow obtained by the formula (2) respectively in the maximum volume weight obtained by the formula (8) and the average volume weight obtained by the formula (9), and checking the calculation result according to the formula (10) and the formula (11):
γ max ＝0.076ln(Q p +7.579)+1.722 (10)
γ m ＝0.089ln(Q p +15.715)+1.491 (11)
in equations (10) and (11): gamma ray max Is maximum volume weight, g/cm 3 ；γ m Is the average volume weight, g/cm 3 ，Q p Is the peak flow.
When the maximum volume-weight value and the average volume-weight value obtained by equations (8) and (9) and the volume-weight value obtained by equations (10) and (11) have errors of less than 15%, the calculation result is considered to be reasonable.
(7) During calculation of debris flow characteristic parameters, peak flow, design calculation of longitudinal gradient of a drainage groove, maximum volume weight calculation of debris flow punching pressure, total solid matter flushing at one time and average volume weight calculation of river blockage danger analysis are adopted.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention clarifies the physical significance of the volume weight value, makes up the defect that the volume weight is fuzzified and processed all the time in the current volume weight calculation, effectively tamps the theoretical basis of the debris flow characteristic value calculation method, improves the quantification level of the physical property description of the debris flow fluid, provides more reasonable basic parameters for preventing and reducing the disaster of the debris flow disaster, provides the selection basis of the volume weight value in the calculation of different debris flow characteristic values, and can greatly improve the accuracy of the calculation of the debris flow characteristic value.
(2) The calculation method provided by the invention can solve the major problem that the accuracy cannot be judged in the current debris flow characteristic value calculation, improves the empirical judgment to a semi-quantitative judgment level, provides reference for most debris flow disaster prevention and treatment practitioners, and can effectively improve the calculation accuracy and accuracy in debris flow disaster treatment.
(3) The invention further provides a field sampling scheme and a way for calculating the integral volume weight value of the debris flow by the volume weight value of the point, so that the volume weight obtaining means in the debris flow investigation is more reasonable and can be relied on.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the spatial distribution of volume-weighted feature values provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a volume-weighted sampling method according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a computing method provided by the present invention;
fig. 4 is a diagram of a volume weight selection method in computation of debris flow characteristic values.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention are described below clearly and completely, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
A method for calculating volume weight characteristic values of viscous debris flow comprises the following steps:
(1) Calculating the peak flow of the debris flow according to the formula (1) and the formula (2) by investigating debris flow mountain mouth debris marks:
Q p ＝V×S (2)
in the formula (1) and the formula (2), V is the flow velocity of mud stone flowing out of the mountain mouth, and m/s; n is a radical of an alkyl radical c The flow resistance coefficient of the viscous debris is a value specified according to debris flow exploration specifications; h is the height of the debris flow flowing mud level m; j is the longitudinal gradient of the channel at the mud mark investigation position; s is the flow cross-sectional area of the mud mark investigation site, m 2 ；Q p Is the peak flow;
(2) Through investigating the accumulation characteristics of debris flow disasters in a circulation area and an accumulation area, accumulation sampling is carried out, sampling areas are distributed along two banks of a channel, complete accumulation of the recessed bank of the debris flow channel is selected as far as possible, each sampling area ensures that at least 3 soil samples are arranged, and the distance between each soil sample collecting point is not less than 1m.
(3) Performing particle analysis on the soil sample in the step (2), and calculating the average value of the volume weight of the debris flow represented by the m sample in the i sampling area according to the formula (3) to the formula (6) recommended by the survey specification to be used as the volume weight value gamma of the sample im ：
γ im ＝(0.175+0.743P 2 )(γ s -1)+1 (3)；
γ im ＝-1.32×10 3 x 7 -5.13×10 2 x 6 +8.91×10 2 x 5 -55x 4 +34.6x 3 -67x 2 +12.5x+1.55 (4)；
In formula (3) to formula (6), P 2 Is the percentage content of coarse particles with the particle diameter larger than 2 mm; gamma ray s The specific gravity of coarse particles is more than 2mm, 2.7g/cm is taken 3 (ii) a x is the content of clay particles with the particle size less than 0.005mm in the debris flow sediment; p 05 Is the percentage content of fine particles with the particle size less than 0.05 mm; gamma' liquid crystal display 0 Taking the minimum volume weight of the debris flow as 1.5g/cm 3 ；γ V The minimum volume weight of the viscous debris flow is 2.0g/cm 3 。
(4) Calculating an average value of the volume weight values of the soil samples of each sampling area obtained in the step (3) according to a formula (7), and taking the average value as the volume weight of the ith sampling area:
in equation (7): gamma ray i Is the volume weight value of the ith sampling area, g/cm 3 ；γ im Is the volume weight of the m sample in the ith sampling area in g/cm 3 。
(5) Analyzing Rong Chongzhi of each sampling area, and calculating the maximum volume weight gamma of the debris flow according to the formula (8) and the formula (10) max And average volume weight gamma m ：
γ max ＝max{γ i } (8)
γ m ＝0.8273×γ max +0.2292 (9)
In equation (8): gamma ray max Is maximum volume weight, g/cm 3 ；γ m Is the average volume weight, g/cm 3 ，γ i As above.
(6) Analyzing the peak flow obtained by the formula (2) respectively in the maximum volume weight obtained by the formula (8) and the average volume weight obtained by the formula (9), and checking the calculation result according to the formula (10) and the formula (11):
γ max ＝0.076ln(Q p +7.579)+1.722 (10)
γ m ＝0.089ln(Q p +15.715)+1.491 (11)
in equations (10) and (11): gamma ray max Is maximum volume weight, g/cm 3 ；γ m Is the average volume weight, g/cm 3 ，Q p Is the peak flow.
When the error between the maximum volume weight value and the average volume weight value obtained by the formulas (8) and (9) and the error between the volume weight values obtained by the formulas (10) and (11) are less than 15%, the calculation result is considered to be reasonable.
(7) When the characteristic parameters of the debris flow are calculated, different types of volume weights are selected according to the method shown in the figure 4 to calculate the characteristic values of the debris flow.
Examples
As shown in FIGS. 1-3, the calculation method of volume weight characteristic value of viscous debris flow of the present invention selects Ha Ermu ditch of Akaga county of Sichuan province as case point.
Ha Ermu ditch is positioned at the midstream left bank of the valley brain river in the southwest Longmen mountain area, and the area of the watershed is 17.65km 2 After the Wenchuan earthquake, the debris flow disasters are erupted for many times, the debris flow accumulations which are erupted in 2010 are sampled and analyzed, 18 samples are obtained from the upstream arranged sampling area 6 along the accumulation fan, and the analysis characteristic values of the accumulated sample particles are shown in the table 1.
TABLE 1 soil sample particle analysis eigenvalue statistics
P 2 Is the percentage content of coarse particles with the particle diameter larger than 2 mm; gamma ray s The specific gravity of coarse particles is more than 2mm, 2.7g/cm is taken 3 (ii) a x is the content of clay particles with the particle size less than 0.005mm in the debris flow sediment; p 05 Is the percentage content of fine particles with the particle size less than 0.05 mm; gamma' liquid crystal display 0 Taking the minimum volume weight of the debris flow as 1.5g/cm 3 ；γ V The minimum volume weight of the viscous debris flow is 2.0g/cm 3 。
The depth of a mud level at the site mountain outlet is investigated to be 2.56m, the bottom width of a ditch bed is investigated to be 7.5m, the top width of the mud level is investigated to be 11.8m, the longitudinal gradient is investigated to be 208.43 thousandths, and the formula is substituted into
And formula Q P The calculated flow velocity at the mountain outlet is 7.32m/S by multiplying V by S (2), and the peak flow of the obtained section debris flow is 180.83m 3 /s。
The volume-weighted characteristic values were calculated as shown in table 2 by substituting the particle analysis characteristic values into the formulas (3) to (6), and the formulas (8) to (10).
γ im ＝(0.175+0.743P 2 )(γ s -1)+1 (3)；
γ im ＝-1.32×10 3 x 7 -5.13×10 2 x 6 +8.91×10 2 x 5 -55x 4 +34.6x 3 -67x 2 +12.5x+1.55 (4)；
In formula (3) to formula (6), P 2 Is the percentage content of coarse particles with the particle diameter larger than 2 mm; gamma ray s The specific gravity of coarse particles is more than 2mm, 2.7g/cm is taken 3 (ii) a x is the content of clay particles with the particle size less than 0.005mm in the debris flow sediment; p 05 Is the percentage content of fine particles with the particle size less than 0.05 mm; gamma' system 0 Taking the minimum volume weight of the debris flow as 1.5g/cm 3 ；γ V The minimum volume weight of the viscous debris flow is 2.0g/cm 3 。
γ max ＝max{γ i } (8)
γ m ＝0.8273×γ max +0.2292 (9)
Formula (8) The method comprises the following steps: gamma ray max Is the maximum volume weight in g/cm 3 ；γ m Is the average volume weight in g/cm 3 ，γ i As above.
γ max ＝0.076ln(Q p +7.579)+1.722 (10)
γ m ＝0.089ln(Q p +15.715)+1.491 (11)
In equations (10) and (11): gamma ray max Is the maximum volume weight in g/cm 3 ；γ m Is the average volume weight in g/cm 3 ，Q p Is the peak flow.
TABLE 2 Ha Ermu statistical units g/cm of calculation results of volume-weight characteristic values of trench debris flow 3
The peak flow at the mountain outlet is 108.83m 3 And substituting the/s into the formula (10) and the formula (11) to carry out check calculation, wherein the obtained maximum volume weight check value and the average volume weight check value are respectively 2.12 and 1.96, and the deviation rates are respectively 5.34 percent and 5.72 percent. A verification criterion of a deviation ratio of less than 15% is satisfied. The calculation result is therefore trusted.
When calculating the corresponding debris flow characteristic parameters under the design working condition of the Ha Ermu ditch, the maximum volume weight is selected during designing the peak flow, the debris flow punching force and the longitudinal gradient of the drainage groove, and the average volume weight is selected during one-time solid substance flushing and river plugging danger.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for calculating volume weight characteristic values of viscous debris flow is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, calculating the peak flow of the debris flow according to a formula (1) and a formula (2) by investigating debris flow mountain mouth debris marks:
Q p ＝V×S (2)
in the formula (1) and the formula (2), V is the flow velocity of mud stone flowing out of the mountain mouth, and m/s; n is c The flow resistance coefficient of the viscous debris is a value specified according to debris flow exploration specifications; h is the height of the debris flow through the mud level, m and J are the longitudinal gradient of the channel at the mud mark investigation position; s is the flow cross-sectional area of the mud mark investigation site, m 2 ，Q p Is the peak flow;
step 2, carrying out accumulation sampling by investigating the accumulation characteristics of debris flow disasters in a circulation area and an accumulation area, wherein sampling areas are distributed along two banks of a trench, complete accumulation of the recessed banks of the debris flow trench is selected as much as possible, each sampling area ensures that not less than 3 soil samples are collected, and the distance between each soil sample collecting point is not less than 1m;
and 3, performing particle analysis on the soil sample in the step 2, and recommending a formula (3) -a formula (6) according to the survey specification to calculate the average value of the volume weights of the debris flows represented by the mth sample in the ith sampling area as the volume weight value gamma of the sample im ：
γ im ＝(0.175+0.743P 2 )(γ s -1)+1 (3)
γ im ＝-1.32×10 3 x 7 -5.13×10 2 x 6 +8.91×10 2 x 5 -55x 4 +34.6x 3 -67x 2 +12.5x+1.55 (4)
In formula (3) to formula (6), P 2 Is the percentage content of coarse particles with the particle diameter larger than 2 mm; gamma ray s The specific gravity of coarse particles is more than 2mm, 2.7g/cm is taken 3 (ii) a x is the content of clay particles with the particle size less than 0.005mm in the debris flow sediment; p 05 Is the percentage content of fine particles with the particle size less than 0.05 mm; gamma' liquid crystal display 0 Taking the minimum volume weight of the debris flow as 1.5g/cm 3 ；γ V The minimum volume weight of the viscous debris flow is 2.0g/cm 3 ；
And 4, calculating an average value of the volume weight values of the soil samples of each sampling area obtained in the step 3 according to a formula (7), and taking the average value as the volume weight of the ith sampling area:
in formula (7): gamma ray i Is the volume weight value of the ith sampling area, g/cm 3 ；γ im Is the volume weight of the m sample in the ith sampling area in g/cm 3 ；
Step 5, analyzing Rong Chongzhi of each sampling area, and calculating the maximum volume weight gamma of the debris flow according to a formula (8) and a formula (10) max And average volume weight gamma m ：
γ max ＝max{γ i } (8)
γ m ＝0.8273×γ max +0.2292 (9)
In equation (8): gamma ray max Is the maximum volume weight in g/cm 3 ；γ m Is the average volume weight in g/cm 3 ，γ i Is the volume weight value of the ith sampling area in g/cm 3 ；
And 6, analyzing the peak flow obtained in the step 1 and the maximum volume weight and the average volume weight obtained in the step 5, and verifying the calculation result according to a formula (10) and a formula (11):
γ max ＝0.076ln(Q p +7.579)+1.722 (10)
γ m ＝0.089ln(Q p +15.715)+1.491 (11)
in equations (10) and (11): gamma ray max Is maximum volume weight, g/cm 3 ；γ m Is the average volume weight, g/cm 3 ，Q p Is the peak flow.
2. The method for calculating the volume-weight characteristic value of the viscous debris flow according to claim 1, wherein the calculation result is considered to be reasonable when the error between the maximum volume-weight value and the average volume-weight value obtained in the step 5 and the error between the volume-weight value obtained in the step 6 are both less than 15%.
3. The viscous debris flow volume-weight characteristic value calculation method according to claim 1, wherein during debris flow characteristic parameter calculation, peak flow, longitudinal gradient design calculation of a drainage groove, maximum volume weight calculation of debris flow impact force, total solid matter flushed at one time and average volume weight calculation of river blockage risk analysis are adopted.
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