CN113030509B - Single-wavelength single-beam non-scanning three-dimensional laser speed measuring device and speed measuring method - Google Patents
Single-wavelength single-beam non-scanning three-dimensional laser speed measuring device and speed measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/26—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting optical wave
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
- G01P3/36—Devices characterised by the use of optical means, e.g. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01P3/366—Devices characterised by the use of optical means, e.g. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light by using diffraction of light
Abstract
The invention provides a single-wavelength single-beam non-scanning three-dimensional laser speed measuring device and a speed measuring method, which belong to the technical field of laser velocimeters and comprise the following steps: the beam splitter splits the laser signal into an incident signal and a local oscillation signal; the acousto-optic modulator shifts the frequency of an incident signal and then emits the signal to an object to be measured; the four first plano-convex lenses are centrosymmetric and uniformly distributed, and each first plano-convex lens collects a beam of scattering signals; the two-dimensional diffraction grating diffracts the local oscillation signal into four diffracted local oscillation signals; the beam combiner combines the four beams of scattered signals and the four beams of diffraction local oscillator signals into four beams of intermediate frequency signals; four detectors located in the same vertical plane respectively detect one beam of intermediate frequency signals. The invention adopts a single-wavelength single-beam non-scanning optical structure to detect the speed of a moving object, and the optical system has simple structure and no movable part, and is convenient for integration and miniaturization; the single light beam realizes the simultaneous measurement of the single-point three-dimensional speed, and can accurately complete the speed measurement task under the condition that the speed rapidly changes along with time and space.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser velocimeters, in particular to a non-invasive, high-precision, in-situ, real-time and miniaturized single-wavelength and single-beam non-scanning three-dimensional laser speed measuring device and a speed measuring method.
Background
The laser Doppler velocimeter has the remarkable advantages of non-invasive, high precision, in-situ real-time and linear response, and can be used for measuring the speed of solid, liquid and gas. In practical engineering application, most motions relate to three-dimensional speed change, and a three-dimensional speed measuring instrument has great application value in the fields of climatology, aerospace, hydromechanics, military and the like.
At present, the three-dimensional laser velocimeter mainly has two modes of mechanical scanning and non-mechanical scanning. Assuming that the velocity vector is kept unchanged in a certain time and space scale, the mechanical scanning mode utilizes the radial velocity of different points scanned by the rotatable reflecting mirror to invert the three-dimensional velocity of the measurement area, the method cannot measure the three-dimensional velocity simultaneously, and the introduction of a mechanical scanning structure also makes the system structure complex and the whole structure huge. In the case of velocity vectors that vary over time and space, a non-scanning real-time three-dimensional laser velocimeter is required to accomplish the measurement task.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a single-wavelength single-beam non-scanning three-dimensional laser speed measuring device and a speed measuring method which can simultaneously measure three-dimensional speed under the conditions of time and space change, so as to solve at least one technical problem in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in one aspect, the present invention provides a single-wavelength single-beam non-scanning three-dimensional laser speed measuring device, including:
a laser for emitting a laser signal;
the beam splitter is used for splitting the laser signal into an incident signal and a local oscillator signal which are incident to an object to be measured;
the acousto-optic modulator is used for shifting the frequency of an incident signal and then irradiating the incident signal onto an object to be measured;
the four first plano-convex lenses are positioned in the same vertical plane, are centrosymmetric and are uniformly distributed, and each first plano-convex lens respectively collects a beam of scattering signals;
the two-dimensional diffraction grating is used for diffracting the local oscillator signals into four beams of diffracted local oscillator signals respectively corresponding to the four beams of scattered signals;
the beam combiner is used for combining the four beams of scattered signals collected by the first plano-convex lens and the four beams of diffraction local oscillator signals diffracted by the two-dimensional diffraction grating into four beams of intermediate frequency signals;
the four detectors are positioned in the same vertical plane, are centrosymmetric and are uniformly distributed, and respectively detect a beam of intermediate frequency signal.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
and the local oscillation signal split by the beam splitter enters the two-dimensional diffraction grating after passing through the light intensity attenuator.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
and the focusing lens collimates the local oscillation signal diffracted by the two-dimensional diffraction grating and then enters the beam combiner.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
the four second plano-convex lenses are uniformly distributed and positioned in the same vertical plane, the four second plano-convex lenses respectively correspond to the four detectors, and each second plano-convex lens collects corresponding intermediate frequency signals and detects the intermediate frequency signals through the corresponding detector.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
and the laser signal emitted by the laser is collimated by the collimator and then enters the beam splitter.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
and the first reflector is used for enabling the incident signal split by the beam splitter to enter the acousto-optic modulator through the first reflector.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
and the second reflector is used for reflecting the incident signal subjected to frequency shift by the acousto-optic modulator onto the object to be measured.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a method for measuring the three-dimensional laser speed by using the single-wavelength single-beam non-scanning three-dimensional laser speed measuring device, which comprises the following steps:
dividing the laser signal into an incident signal and a local oscillation signal which are incident to an object to be detected through a beam splitter;
the incident signal is subjected to frequency shift by an acousto-optic modulator and then is incident on an object to be measured;
collecting scattered signals of incident signals scattered by an object to be detected into a beam combiner by four first plano-convex lenses which are uniformly distributed and positioned in the same vertical plane;
the local oscillation signals are diffracted into four beams of diffraction local oscillation signals respectively corresponding to the four beams of scattered signals by the two-dimensional diffraction grating;
synthesizing the four beams of scattered signals and the four beams of diffracted local oscillator signals into four beams of intermediate frequency signals through a beam combiner;
four detectors which are uniformly distributed and located in the same vertical plane respectively detect one beam of intermediate frequency signal, and the three-dimensional speed component of the object to be detected is calculated according to the four detected beams of intermediate frequency signals.
Preferably, the intermediate frequency signal detected by the detector is:
wherein f is1、f2、f3、f4Respectively representing the intermediate frequency signals detected by four detectors, fD1、fD2、fD3、fD4Respectively representing the Doppler shifts, f, on four intermediate frequency signalsAOMIndicating acousto-optic modulationFrequency shift of the device, KiRepresenting the wave vector of the incident signal, v representing the velocity vector of the object to be measured, k1And k2Two scattered signal wave vectors, k, respectively on the horizontal plane3And k4Two scattered signal wave vectors on the vertical plane respectively.
Preferably, the three-dimensional velocity component of the object to be measured is calculated as:
where T represents the transpose of the matrix. k is a radical of1,2+k3,4Represents k1+k3Or k2+k4
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the speed of a moving object is detected by adopting a single-wavelength single-beam non-scanning optical structure, and the optical system has a simple structure, does not have a movable part and is convenient to integrate and miniaturize; the single light beam realizes the simultaneous measurement of the single-point three-dimensional speed, and can accurately complete the speed measurement task under the condition that the speed rapidly changes along with time and space.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a single-wavelength single-beam non-scanning three-dimensional laser speed measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of a two-dimensional diffraction grating of a single-wavelength single-beam non-scanning three-dimensional laser speed measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein: 1-a laser; 2-a collimator; 3-a beam splitter; 4-a first mirror; 6-a second mirror; 5-an acousto-optic modulator; 7. 8, 9, 10-plano-convex lens; 11-light intensity attenuator; 12-a two-dimensional diffraction grating; 13-a focusing lens; 14-a combiner; 15. 16, 17, 18-second plano-convex lens; 19. 20, 21, 22-probe; 23-scattering the light beam.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below by way of the drawings are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", "the" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
In the description of this patent, it is to be understood that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for the convenience of describing the patent and for the simplicity of description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting of the patent.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
For the purpose of facilitating an understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be further explained by way of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are not intended to limit the present invention.
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the drawings are merely schematic representations of embodiments and that the elements shown in the drawings are not necessarily required to practice the invention.
Examples
The single-wavelength single-beam non-scanning three-dimensional laser speed measuring device provided by the embodiment of the invention adopts four symmetrically-arranged detectors to simultaneously receive scattering signals, and further, single-point three-dimensional speed vectors are simultaneously obtained.
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a single-wavelength single-beam non-scanning three-dimensional laser speed measuring device. As shown in fig. 1, the single-wavelength single-beam non-scanning three-dimensional laser speed measuring device includes the following structure:
a laser 1, the laser 1 being for emitting a laser signal. The laser 1 may be a semiconductor laser, a fiber laser or a solid state laser. The wavelengths used for gas flow rate measurements may be 1064nm, 1550nm, 2 μm, and the wavelengths used for liquid flow rate measurements may be 486nm, 532nm, 633nm, or any wavelength in between.
And the scattered signal receiver is used for receiving the scattered signal of the object to be detected. The scattered signal receiver is a single lens or a combination of lenses, and can also be a spatial light-optical fiber coupler.
In this embodiment, the four first plano-convex lenses 7, 8, 9, and 10 located in the same vertical plane constitute a scattering signal receiver, the four first plano-convex lenses are centrosymmetric and uniformly distributed, and each first plano-convex lens collects a bundle of scattering signals.
The beam splitter 3 splits the laser signal into an incident signal and a local oscillation signal which are incident to the object to be measured.
And the acousto-optic modulator 5 is used for shifting the frequency of the incident signal and then irradiating the incident signal onto an object to be measured.
And the two-dimensional diffraction grating 12 is configured to diffract the local oscillation signal into four diffracted local oscillation signals respectively corresponding to the four scattered local oscillation signals. The two-dimensional diffraction grating is a transmissive two-dimensional diffraction grating, and in this embodiment, four diffracted lights (+1,0), (-1,0), (0, -1), and (0, +1) are taken as local oscillation light beams. The two-dimensional diffraction grating is positioned at the front focus of the focusing lens, and the four scattered light beams and the four local oscillator light beams are distributed on the beam combiner to be intersected.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional diffraction grating structure, as shown in fig. 2, in the embodiment of the present invention, the structure parameters are: the grid distances dx and dy are 8 μm, the structure width a is 5.656 μm, the structure length b is 5.656 μm, and the structure depth h is 375 nm. The laser wavelength is 1.5 μm, which plays the role of eliminating zero-order diffraction light, and the light efficiency of + -1 order diffraction is 12.83%.
And the beam combiner 14 is configured to combine the four beams of scattered signals collected by the receiving lens and the four beams of diffracted local oscillator signals diffracted by the two-dimensional diffraction grating into four beams of intermediate frequency signals.
The four detectors are positioned on the same vertical plane and are distributed symmetrically and uniformly, and the four detectors detect a beam of intermediate frequency signal respectively.
In this embodiment, the detectors 19, 20, 21, and 22 respectively extract difference frequency signals, that is, doppler frequencies, obtained by performing beat frequency on four local oscillation signals and four scattered signals, and may receive spatial optical signals or connect optical fibers, and use a common coherent detection or balanced detection method.
And the local oscillation signal split by the beam splitter enters the two-dimensional diffraction grating after passing through the light intensity attenuator 11. The light intensity attenuator can be a neutral filter plate or a combination of neutral filter plates for attenuating space light, or an optical fiber attenuator, and the power attenuation proportion is adjustable from 0% to 100%.
And the focusing lens 13 collimates the local oscillation signal diffracted by the two-dimensional diffraction grating through the focusing lens and then enters the beam combiner.
The four second plano- convex lenses 15, 16, 17 and 18 are uniformly distributed and located in the same vertical plane, the four second plano-convex lenses correspond to the four detectors respectively, and each second plano-convex lens collects corresponding intermediate frequency signals and detects the intermediate frequency signals through the corresponding detector.
And a laser signal emitted by the laser is collimated by the collimator 2 and then enters the beam splitter. The collimator 2 is a triplet lens fiber coupler with a full divergence angle of 0.3mrad, and the fiber is a PC or APC connector.
The first reflector 4, the incident signal split by the beam splitter 3 enters the acousto-optic modulator 5 through the first reflector 4.
And the second reflector 6, the incident signal after frequency shift by the acousto-optic modulator 5 is incident on the object to be measured through the second reflector 6.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, the working principle of the single-wavelength single-beam non-scanning three-dimensional laser speed measuring device according to the embodiment of the present invention is as follows: the laser beam emitted from the laser 1 is coupled by the collimator 2 and then divided into two parts by the beam splitter 3. One part of the scattered light beam 23 is transmitted to a moving object after frequency shift by the acousto-optic modulator 5, and the scattered light beam carries Doppler frequency shift signals of the moving object and is collected by the first plano-convex lenses 7, 8, 9 and 10. The other part of the local oscillation light beam is used as a local oscillation light beam and is split by the light intensity attenuator 11 and the two-dimensional diffraction grating 12, first-order diffraction light of the local oscillation light beam is collimated by the focusing lens 13, the local oscillation light beam and the scattered light beam pass through the beam combiner 14 and are respectively collected by the second plano- convex lenses 15, 16, 17 and 18, and beat frequencies are carried out on the detectors 19, 20, 21 and 22, wherein an intermediate frequency signal in the range of 3dB bandwidth of the detector can be detected, the intermediate frequency signal comprises Doppler frequency shift and acoustic optical modulator frequency shift, the sign judgment of Doppler frequency can be realized by using the acoustic optical modulator, namely the intermediate frequency signal is greater than the acoustic optical modulator frequency shift, the Doppler frequency sign is positive, and otherwise, the sign is negative.
In the embodiment of the invention, the intermediate frequency signal on the detector is represented by the following formula:
wherein f is1、f2、f3、f4Corresponding to the intermediate frequency signals, f, on the detectors 19, 20, 21, 22, respectivelyD1、fD2、fD3、fD4Doppler shift, f, on detectors 19, 20, 21, 22, respectivelyAOMIs the frequency shift of the acousto-optic modulator, ki is the wave vector of the incident beam, k1、k2、k3、k4Respectively, the scattered light beam wavevectors collected by the first plano-convex lenses 7, 8, 9, 10. v is the moving object velocity vector. k is a radical of1And k3Parallel to the xz-plane, k2And k4Parallel to the yz plane.
The Doppler frequency shift on each detector is proportional to the velocity components in the direction of the bisector of the incident beam and the scattered beam, the Doppler frequency shift is obtained by demodulating the intermediate frequency signals on the detectors, and the velocity components on three coordinate axes are calculated by the following formula:
where T represents the transpose of the matrix, k1,2+k3,4Represents k1+k3Or k2+k4
In summary, in the single-wavelength single-beam non-scanning three-dimensional laser velocity measurement apparatus and the velocity measurement method according to the embodiments of the present invention, four symmetrically disposed detectors are adopted to simultaneously receive the scattering signal, so as to simultaneously obtain a single-point three-dimensional velocity vector. The speed of a moving object is detected by a single-wavelength single-beam non-scanning optical structure, an optical system is simple, no movable part is arranged, and the integration and miniaturization are facilitated. The single light beam realizes the simultaneous measurement of the single-point three-dimensional speed, and can complete the speed measurement task under the condition that the speed rapidly changes along with time and space.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, and various modifications and changes may be made to the present disclosure by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure should be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure.
Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to the specific embodiments shown in the drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive faculty based on the technical solutions disclosed in the present disclosure.
Claims (8)
1. A method for three-dimensional laser speed measurement by using a single-wavelength single-beam non-scanning three-dimensional laser speed measurement device is characterized in that the single-wavelength single-beam non-scanning three-dimensional laser speed measurement device comprises the following steps:
a laser for emitting a laser signal;
the beam splitter is used for splitting the laser signal into an incident signal and a local oscillator signal which are incident to an object to be measured;
the acousto-optic modulator is used for shifting the frequency of an incident signal and then irradiating the incident signal onto an object to be measured;
the four first plano-convex lenses are positioned in the same vertical plane, are centrosymmetric and are uniformly distributed, and each first plano-convex lens respectively collects a beam of scattering signals;
the two-dimensional diffraction grating is used for diffracting the local oscillator signals into four beams of diffracted local oscillator signals respectively corresponding to the four beams of scattered signals;
the beam combiner is used for combining the four beams of scattered signals collected by the receiving lens and the four beams of diffraction local oscillator signals diffracted by the two-dimensional diffraction grating into four beams of intermediate frequency signals;
the four detectors are positioned in the same vertical plane, are centrosymmetric and are uniformly distributed, and respectively detect a beam of intermediate frequency signal;
the method comprises the following steps:
dividing the laser signal into an incident signal and a local oscillation signal which are incident to an object to be detected through a beam splitter;
the incident signal is subjected to frequency shift by an acousto-optic modulator and then is incident on an object to be measured;
collecting scattered signals of incident signals scattered by an object to be detected into a beam combiner by four first plano-convex lenses which are uniformly distributed and positioned in the same vertical plane;
the local oscillation signals are diffracted into four beams of diffraction local oscillation signals respectively corresponding to the four beams of scattered signals by the two-dimensional diffraction grating;
synthesizing the four beams of scattered signals and the four beams of diffracted local oscillator signals into four beams of intermediate frequency signals through a beam combiner;
four detectors which are uniformly distributed and positioned in the same vertical plane respectively detect one beam of intermediate frequency signal, and the three-dimensional speed component of the object to be detected is calculated according to the four detected intermediate frequency signals; wherein, the intermediate frequency signal that the detector detected is:
wherein f is1、f2、f3、f4Respectively representing the intermediate frequency signals detected by four detectors, fD1、fD2、fD3、fD4Respectively representing the Doppler shifts, f, on four intermediate frequency signalsAOMRepresenting the frequency shift, K, of the acousto-optic modulatoriRepresenting the wave vector of the incident signal, v representing the velocity vector of the object to be measured, k1And k3Two scattered signal wave vectors, k, respectively on the horizontal plane2And k4Two scattered signal wave vectors on the vertical plane respectively.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the single wavelength single beam non-scanning three-dimensional laser velocimetry apparatus further comprises:
and the local oscillation signal split by the beam splitter enters the two-dimensional diffraction grating after passing through the light intensity attenuator.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the single wavelength single beam non-scanning three-dimensional laser velocimetry apparatus further comprises:
and the focusing lens collimates the local oscillation signal diffracted by the two-dimensional diffraction grating and then enters the beam combiner.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the single wavelength single beam non-scanning three-dimensional laser velocimetry apparatus further comprises:
the four second plano-convex lenses are uniformly distributed and positioned in the same vertical plane, the four second plano-convex lenses respectively correspond to the four detectors, and each second plano-convex lens collects corresponding intermediate frequency signals and detects the intermediate frequency signals through the corresponding detector.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the single wavelength single beam non-scanning three-dimensional laser velocimetry apparatus further comprises:
and the laser signal emitted by the laser is collimated by the collimator and then enters the beam splitter.
6. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the single wavelength single beam non-scanning three-dimensional laser velocimetry apparatus further comprises:
and the first reflector is used for enabling the incident signal split by the beam splitter to enter the acousto-optic modulator through the first reflector.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the single wavelength single beam non-scanning three-dimensional laser velocimetry apparatus further comprises:
and the second reflector is used for reflecting the incident signal subjected to frequency shift by the acousto-optic modulator onto the object to be measured.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein:
calculating the three-dimensional velocity component of the object to be measured as follows:
where T represents the transpose of the matrix, k1,2+k3,4Represents k1+k3Or k2+k4。
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