CN113030431B - Method and system for measuring soil field water retention - Google Patents
Method and system for measuring soil field water retention Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a system for measuring soil field water retention, comprising the following steps: constructing a water content time sequence data set; determining a single saturated water-withdrawal interval as a time sequence change data set according to the soil moisture change state and the soil saturation state; performing two adjacent point slope calculation on the data in the time sequence change data set to obtain a soil water content secondary slope data set; and the absolute value of the difference value of the secondary slope of the soil moisture content at the adjacent moment is smaller than the preset threshold value, and the soil moisture content is taken as the field moisture capacity. The method and the system for measuring the soil field water holding capacity provided by the invention provide an intelligent irrigation interval identification method based on time sequence data and an automatic soil field water holding capacity judgment algorithm based on a time sequence secondary slope, so that the defect of the traditional moving average method under the condition of data fluctuation errors is effectively avoided, and the field water holding capacity measurement precision is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural intelligent detection, in particular to a method and a system for measuring soil field water retention.
Background
The field water holding capacity means that after the soil with deep underground water and good drainage is fully irrigated or precipitation, the water is allowed to fully infiltrate, the water is prevented from evaporating, and after a certain time, the gravity water is removed, the soil profile can maintain the stable soil water content. The field water holding capacity is one of important soil moisture constants, is not only background data which are needed to be measured by farmland soil moisture content monitoring stations and important basis for calculating the relative water content of soil, including the ratio of the soil weight water content to the field water holding capacity, but also essential information which is indispensable for carrying out soil moisture content evaluation and drought analysis. The field water holding capacity is often used as an irrigation upper limit and an important index for measuring the water holding performance of soil, is an important component of the soil drought index, and has important reference value and guiding significance for agricultural production and drought resistance.
Methods for measuring field retention generally fall into two categories, field assays and laboratory assays. The field assay mainly comprises: natural water-reducing method, surrounding frame flooding method (also called district flooding method), etc. The laboratory measurement method mainly comprises the following steps: ring knife (also known as wilcox), whole-segment sample, pressure membrane, and the like. At present, 3 measuring methods of a ring cutter method, a natural water-reducing method and a surrounding frame flooding method are mainly applied. The method is used for analyzing three commonly used soil field water-holding capacity measuring methods, and the flow and limitation of the measuring method are as follows:
The ring cutter method is that the ring cutter tool is used for collecting undisturbed soil in an experimental land and bringing the soil back into the room, under the condition of manual intervention, the water content of the soil sample is saturated, and after the gravity water is discharged, the measured water content of the soil is the field water holding capacity. The method is the most commonly used method for measuring the field water holding capacity in a laboratory, is not limited by weather, and is easy to operate. However, the method is easily affected by factors such as sampling representativeness, laboratory environment, fitting degree of butt joint of upper and lower ring cutters and the like, has a certain deviation from the actual production environment, has long measurement process and has high requirement on measurement personnel.
The natural water-reducing method, namely the method for measuring after saturation rain, is characterized in that when atmospheric water-reducing reaches a certain level, the soil moisture content of an experimental plot reaches saturation, and the measured soil moisture content after the excessive gravity water is removed is the field water-holding capacity. The method is more suitable for field practice, is not influenced by human factors, and has good representativeness of the measurement result. However, the method has higher requirements on precipitation conditions and monitoring occasions, is limited to rainfall intensity and rainfall capacity of a region to be detected, and is influenced by factors such as air temperature, wind power, evaporation, groundwater infiltration and the like of the region to be detected in the early stage of precipitation, and has low practicability in arid or semiarid regions with little rain throughout the year.
The surrounding frame flooding irrigation method is to establish an experimental area in an experimental plot, and by setting a series of manual intervention technical means such as surrounding frame, manual irrigation, plastic film mulching, natural permeation and the like, the water content of soil in the surrounding frame is saturated, and after gravity water is naturally discharged, the maximum capillary tube suspension water content is measured to be the field water holding capacity. The method is not controlled by water fall, and can be used for selecting a test area at any time to measure, and the measurement result is representative and is suitable for accurate measurement of the water holding capacity of the field because the test area keeps the natural state of the soil. However, the existing manual surrounding frame flooding irrigation method needs to monitor the soil water-withdrawal process by a high-frequency drying soil-taking method, all the measurement processes need to be carried out by technicians in the field, the measurement period is long, the workload is high, and the application and popularization of the method are limited to a certain extent.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art when the field water holding capacity is measured, the embodiment of the invention provides a method and a system for measuring the soil field water holding capacity.
The invention provides a method for measuring soil field water retention, which comprises the following steps:
collecting the soil water content of a sample to be detected in continuous moments, and constructing a water content time sequence data set; determining a single saturated water-withdrawal interval of a sample to be detected according to the soil moisture change state and the soil body saturation state, and selecting a time sequence change data set from the water content time sequence data set, wherein the time sequence change data set is a water content data set in the single saturated water-withdrawal interval; sequentially carrying out adjacent point slope calculation on the data in the time sequence change data set to obtain a soil water content primary slope data set; sequentially carrying out adjacent point slope calculation on data in the primary slope data set of the soil water content to obtain a secondary slope data set of the soil water content; and traversing data in the soil moisture content secondary slope data set, and taking the soil moisture content at the time t as the field water holding capacity of the to-be-detected sample land under the condition that the absolute value of the difference between the soil moisture content secondary slope at the time t and the soil moisture content secondary slope at the time t+1 is smaller than a first preset threshold value.
According to the method for measuring the soil field water retention capacity provided by the invention, the single saturated water-withdrawal interval of the sample to be measured is determined according to the soil water content change state and the soil body saturation state, so that a time sequence change data set is selected from the water content time sequence data set, and the method comprises the following steps:
traversing the data in the time sequence change data set one by one from the moment k, and if the soil moisture content x of three continuous moments k appears in any soil depth s in the interval from the moment k to the moment k+m s,k The moisture content x of the soil compared with the time k-1 s,k-1 If the increment of the soil to be detected exceeds a second preset threshold value, determining that the soil depth of each layer of the sample to be detected is in a watering state in the interval from the k moment to the k+m moment; under the condition that the soil depth of each layer of the sample to be detected is in a watering state, determining the maximum value x of the soil water content at the soil depth s of each layer from the moment k to the moment k+m respectively s,max The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Counting that the water content of the soil at each layer of soil depth s from the moment k to the moment k+m exceeds x s,max Number of moments C of 1% s Minimum time point T s,min And a maximum time point T s,max The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the If the time quantity C s Minimum time point T s,min And a maximum time point T s,max If the first preset condition is met, determining that the depth of each layer of soil of the sample to be detected in the interval from the k moment to the k+m moment reaches a saturated state; determining the highest value of the water content of the soil in the interval from the moment k to the moment k+m, and determining the moment t corresponding to the highest value of the water content of the soil; and selecting the water content of soil at n continuous moments from the moment t, and constructing a time sequence change data set.
According to the method for measuring the soil field water holding capacity, provided by the invention, the first preset conditions are as follows:
wherein C is s For the time quantity, T s，min For the minimum time point, T s，max Is the maximum point in time.
According to the method for measuring the soil field water retention capacity provided by the invention, when a plurality of soil water content maximum values exist in the interval from the k moment to the k+m moment, the determining of the time t corresponding to the soil water content maximum value comprises the following steps: and determining the time with the maximum time point as the time t from the time corresponding to the highest value of all the soil water contents.
According to the method for measuring the soil field water retention provided by the invention, each data in the water content time sequence data set comprises soil depth attribute, soil water content attribute and time durationSex; the water content time sequence data set X is under the condition that the soil water content comprises 0-20cm soil water content, 20-40cm soil water content, 40-60cm soil water content and 60-80cm soil water content s，t The method comprises the following steps:
wherein x is 20，t+n The water content of the soil is 0-20cm at the time t+n, and x is 40，t+n 20-40cm of soil moisture content at time t+n, x 60，t+n The water content of the soil is 40-60cm at the time t+n, x 80，t+n The water content of the soil is 60-80cm at the time of t+n, and n is the total sampling time.
According to the method for measuring the soil field water retention capacity provided by the invention, the data in the time series change data set are sequentially subjected to adjacent point slope calculation, and a calculation formula for acquiring a soil water content primary slope data set is as follows:
wherein x' s，t Is the primary slope of the soil depth s at the moment t, x s，t The soil moisture content at time t is the soil depth s.
According to the method for measuring the soil field water retention capacity provided by the invention, the data in the soil water content primary slope data set are sequentially subjected to adjacent point slope calculation, and the calculation formula for obtaining the soil water content secondary slope data set is as follows:
wherein x' s,t Is the secondary slope of the soil depth s at the time t.
The invention also provides a system for measuring the soil field water holding capacity, which comprises:
the data acquisition unit is used for acquiring the soil water content of the sample to be detected in continuous moments and constructing a water content time sequence data set;
the saturated water-withdrawal interval determining unit is used for determining a single saturated water-withdrawal interval of the sample to be detected according to the soil moisture change state and the soil body saturation state so as to select a time sequence change data set from the water content time sequence data set, wherein the time sequence change data set is a water content data set in the single saturated water-withdrawal interval;
The primary slope calculation unit is used for sequentially calculating the slopes of adjacent points of the data in the time sequence change data set to obtain a primary slope data set of the soil water content;
the secondary slope calculation unit is used for sequentially carrying out adjacent point slope calculation on the data in the primary slope data set of the soil water content to obtain a secondary slope data set of the soil water content;
and the water-holding capacity determining unit is used for traversing the data in the soil water content secondary slope data set, and taking the soil water content at the time t as the field water holding capacity of the to-be-detected sample plot under the condition that the absolute value of the difference between the soil water content secondary slope at the time t and the soil water content secondary slope at the time t+1 is smaller than a first preset threshold value.
The invention also provides an electronic device, which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to realize the steps of the method for measuring the soil field water retention amount.
The present invention also provides a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, performs the steps of the method of determining soil field water retention capacity as described in any of the above.
The method and the system for measuring the soil field water holding capacity provided by the invention provide an intelligent irrigation interval identification method based on time sequence data and an automatic soil field water holding capacity judgment algorithm based on a time sequence secondary slope, so that the defect of the traditional moving average method under the condition of data fluctuation errors is effectively avoided, and the field water holding capacity measurement precision is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the following description will briefly explain the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is one of the flow diagrams of the method for measuring the soil field water retention capacity provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a second flow chart of the method for measuring the soil field water holding capacity provided by the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the soil field water holding capacity measurement system provided by the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of soil moisture content at different soil depths as measured by a compliant monitoring site instrument;
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that in the description of embodiments of the present invention, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element. The orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description and to simplify the description, and are not indicative or implying that the apparatus or elements in question must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Unless specifically stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "coupled" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the aspect of selecting a soil field water holding capacity calculation method, the soil field water holding capacity is usually determined by analysis according to a soil water withdrawal process curve, and specific calculation methods comprise a sliding average water holding capacity method and the like. The method is characterized in that continuous data are extracted from the day before water filling, and the water content data of soil at the same depth level are calculated in a sliding average mode. When the obtained variation curve of the water content of the moving average soil reaches an equilibrium inflection point, the moving average water content at the current time point is taken as the field water holding capacity of the depth-level soil.
The method needs to average time sequence data, so that the processing capability of the acquired data in the case of saw-tooth fluctuation is poor. In addition, the method regards the turning point of the slope of the soil drainage line, where the water content of the soil drops rapidly to a slower drop, as the field water holding capacity, but does not give a clear decision value, so that it is difficult to construct a unified evaluation standard.
Therefore, the existing soil field water-holding method has various limitations and disadvantages in measurement sampling and calculation judgment.
In order to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks, the method and system for measuring the soil field water holding capacity according to the embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to fig. 1 to 5.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for measuring soil field water retention capacity, as shown in fig. 1, including but not limited to the following steps:
step 101: collecting the soil water content of a sample to be detected in continuous moments, and constructing a water content time sequence data set;
step 102: determining a single saturated water-withdrawal interval of a sample to be detected according to the soil moisture change state and the soil body saturation state, and selecting a time sequence change data set from a water content time sequence data set, wherein the time sequence change data set is a water content data set in the single saturated water-withdrawal interval;
step 103: sequentially carrying out adjacent point slope calculation on the data in the time sequence change data set to obtain a soil water content primary slope data set;
step 104: sequentially carrying out adjacent point slope calculation on data in the primary slope data set of the soil water content to obtain a secondary slope data set of the soil water content;
step 105: and traversing data in the soil moisture content secondary slope data set, and taking the soil moisture content at the time t as the field water holding capacity of the to-be-detected sample land under the condition that the absolute value of the difference between the soil moisture content secondary slope at the time t and the soil moisture content secondary slope at the time t+1 is smaller than a first preset threshold value.
With the rapid development of informatization monitoring technology, especially wireless soil sensor technology, the soil moisture content automatic monitoring instrument can realize real-time, online, high-frequency, continuous and nondestructive monitoring of soil moisture, and is convenient for large-scale popularization and application. Compared with the manual soil sampling and drying method, the method has the advantages that the workload is greatly reduced by utilizing the instrument for monitoring, the soil moisture monitoring frequency and the data volume are improved, the damage to the undisturbed soil body and the sampling environment of the soil is avoided, and the detection precision can be improved.
The soil moisture content (also called soil moisture content) is improved in a measurement mode, so that a new path is provided for solving the problem of field moisture content measurement. The method for measuring the soil field water holding capacity provided by the invention is based on the soil water content measured by the soil moisture content automatic monitoring instrument at each moment in one end continuous time, and based on the construction of a water holding capacity time sequence data set, the field water holding capacity of a target area is automatically measured with higher precision and more labor saving by utilizing a saturated water withdrawal interval intelligent judging method and a secondary slope field water holding capacity judging algorithm.
Fig. 2 is a second flow chart of the method for measuring the soil field water retention capacity, as shown in fig. 2, the whole method comprises the following steps:
Step one: instrument layout and data quality control;
step two: intelligently identifying a saturated water-withdrawal interval;
step three: and judging the field water holding capacity of the soil.
The instrument layout and the data quality control in the first step may specifically include the following:
in order to ensure accurate determination of soil field water capacity, standard sampling areas and equipment layout requirements are required to be standardized. The soil field water-holding capacity measurement sample plot needs to select a representative strong, open and flat land block which has a flat ground and a square land block (2 m multiplied by 2 m) with an area of not less than 4 square meters.
The automatic monitoring equipment for soil moisture content is installed at the center of the selected land, and the soil disturbance is reduced as much as possible during installation. And filling gaps between the soil sensor of the soil moisture content automatic monitoring device and surrounding soil by using a grouting method, and compacting to realize close contact between the soil sensor and the soil so as to ensure data acquisition accuracy.
After the instrument and equipment are installed, the data acquisition frequency of the soil moisture content monitoring instrument and equipment is set (for example, the data acquisition frequency is acquired once every 1 h), and meanwhile, the functions of data acquisition, storage, transmission and the like of the instrument and equipment are set and tested, so that the normal operation of the equipment is ensured, and the data can be stably and accurately received by a data background.
Alternatively, the soil is taken from the outside of the ridge by taking the position of the soil sensor embedded in the soil moisture content automatic monitoring equipment as the center, and the height of the four Zhou Zhu square soil ridges (such as 2m multiplied by 2 m) is about 30cm, and the width of the ridge bottom is about 30cm.
The data quality control is performed to ensure that the data for calculation meets the requirements, and specifically includes:
and randomly selecting the water content time sequence data of the four layers of soil in the time k to the time k+m. When the water content time sequence data in any time range simultaneously meets the conditions of complete and continuous data, correct frequency and soil water content value x at any depth and moment s,k And E (0 percent, 60 percent) judging that the time sequence data in the time range is qualified. Otherwise, the test is judged as being disqualified.
If the four layers of soil moisture content time sequence data are qualified in the time from the time k to the time k+m, a moisture content time sequence data set is constructed, and the second step is entered; if the four layers of soil moisture content time sequence data are unqualified in the time from the time k to the time k+m, the step two is not performed, and the step one is repeated.
According to the method for measuring the soil field water retention, disclosed by the invention, the soil moisture content monitoring equipment is adopted to automatically monitor the soil water withdrawal process, and the sensor in-situ monitoring can reflect the real soil state, so that the data is representative, and the workload of technicians such as field drying, soil taking, experience judgment and the like is avoided.
Further, the intelligent recognition saturated water-withdrawal section in the second step mainly comprises the following contents:
the main purpose of the present application is to select appropriate time series interval data from the collected water content time series data set as the input data of the soil field water holding capacity determination algorithm described in the third step, namely, the purpose of the second step is to determine a single saturated water withdrawal interval. The saturated water-withdrawal interval is mainly characterized in that: the method has the advantages that the method has definite irrigation activity, the soil with each layer depth reaches a water saturation state, and the water-removing process after the highest water content point of the soil is intercepted, so the determination of the saturated water-removing interval mainly comprises three aspects: judging the change state of soil moisture, judging whether the soil body reaches saturation or not, and determining a water loss interval.
Optionally, as an embodiment, the determining the single saturated water-withdrawal interval of the sample to be tested according to the soil moisture change state and the soil saturation state to select the time series change dataset from the water content time series dataset includes:
traversing the data in the time sequence change data set one by one from the moment k, and if the soil moisture content x of three continuous moments k appears in any soil depth s in the interval from the moment k to the moment k+m s,k The moisture content x of the soil compared with the time k-1 s,k-1 If the increment of (2) exceeds a second preset threshold value, determining that the soil depth of each layer of the sample to be measured is in a watering state in the interval from the k moment to the k+m moment; under the condition that the soil depth of each layer of the sample to be detected is in a watering state, determining the maximum value x of the soil water content at the soil depth s of each layer from the moment k to the moment k+m respectively s,max The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Counting that the water content of the soil at each layer of soil depth s from the moment k to the moment k+m exceeds x s,max Number of moments C of 1% s Minimum time point T s,min And a maximum time point T s,max The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the If the time quantity C s Minimum time point T s,min And a maximum time point T s,max If the first preset condition is met, determining that the depth of each layer of soil of the sample to be detected reaches a saturated state in the interval from the k moment to the k+m moment;
determining the highest value of the water content of the soil in the interval from the moment k to the moment k+m, and determining the moment t corresponding to the highest value of the water content of the soil;
and selecting the water content of soil at n continuous moments from the moment t, and constructing the time series change data set.
Step a, judging the soil moisture change state, wherein the soil moisture change state is generally divided into two types: a irrigated state and a non-irrigated state. And randomly selecting four continuous depth soil-related water content time sequence data sets from the k moment to the k+m moment, and judging respectively.
Traversing from time k to time, and if the time is not equal, the soil water content x at time k appears at any soil depth s in a certain water content time sequence data interval s,k Compared to the previous time x s,k-1 At 3 consecutive timesThe increase of the points is more than 2%, namely, the following conditions are satisfied:
and judging that the irrigation activity occurs from the moment k to the moment k+m, and judging that the soil moisture change state in the period is the irrigation state. Otherwise, the soil moisture change state in the time period is judged to be a non-irrigation state.
If the soil depth of each layer in the time k to the time k+m is in a watering state, entering a step b;
if the soil depth of each layer does not appear or the irrigation state does not appear in all the layers in the time from the time k to the time k+m, the step b is not performed, and the time range is required to be changed for recalculation.
And b, judging whether the soil body of the sample to be detected is saturated or not. Because the saturation degree of the soil body determines whether the irrigation effect is in place, whether high-level soil water content which lasts for a plurality of hours after the irrigation process, namely a high saturation stage of the soil water content, needs to be judged. The result of judging the soil saturation degree is divided into: saturated and unsaturated states.
Respectively selecting the maximum value x of the soil moisture content at the soil depth s of each layer within the time k to the time k+m s,max Further counting that the soil moisture content value at each layer depth s from the moment k to the moment k+m exceeds x s,max Number of moments C of 1% s Minimum time point T s,min And a maximum time point T s,max If the continuous saturation 'plateau' of each layer depth s exceeds 3 hours, judging that the layer soil depth s reaches a saturated state in the time period, namely, simultaneously meeting a first preset condition:
if the depth of each layer of soil reaches a saturated state in the time from k to k+m, entering a step c;
if the soil depth of each layer does not reach or does not reach the saturation state in the time from the time k to the time k+m, the step c is not performed, and the time range is required to be changed for recalculation.
Because the saturated water-withdrawal interval is determined as the premise of judging the field water-holding capacity point, the step c mainly comprises the following steps of:
firstly, selecting the highest value x of the soil water content in the time period from the moment k to the moment k+m s,max The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Then, selecting data (n is more than or equal to 48) at n continuous moments to form a multi-layer soil depth water content time series change data set X of a single saturated water withdrawal interval from t to t+n s,t Each element in the dataset contains three attribute values of depth s, soil moisture x and time t, which can be expressed in the form:
If the multi-layer soil depth water content time series change data set X is successfully generated s,t Step three is entered;
if the multi-layer soil depth water content time series change data set X is not successfully generated s,t And step three is not carried out, and the time range needs to be changed for recalculation.
Alternatively, in a case where there are a plurality of highest values of the water content of the soil in the interval from the k time to the k+m time, the determining the time t corresponding to the highest value of the water content of the soil includes: and determining the time with the maximum time point as the time t from the time corresponding to the highest value of all the soil water contents.
I.e. if there are a plurality of and the highest value x in the time range s,max And at the same time point, selecting the time t with the maximum time point as a starting point from the time corresponding to the highest value of the water content of all the soil.
The soil field water holding capacity judgment in the third step mainly comprises the following steps: sequentially carrying out adjacent point slope calculation on the data in the time sequence change data set to obtain a soil water content primary slope data set; sequentially carrying out adjacent point slope calculation on data in the primary slope data set of the soil water content to obtain a secondary slope data set of the soil water content; and traversing data in the soil moisture content secondary slope data set, and taking the soil moisture content at the time t as the field water holding capacity of the to-be-detected sample land under the condition that the absolute value of the difference between the soil moisture content secondary slope at the time t and the soil moisture content secondary slope at the time t+1 is smaller than a first preset threshold value.
Based on the content of the above embodiment, first, according to the multi-layer soil depth water content time series change data set X of the single saturated water withdrawal interval from t to t+n determined in the step two s,t Based on point inclined, sequentially calculating the slope point by point of the water content time sequence data of each layer depth to generate a soil water content primary slope data set, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein x 'is' s,t Is the primary slope of the soil depth s at the moment t, x s,t The soil moisture content at time t is the soil depth s.
The generated soil moisture content primary slope data set X' s,t The form thereof can be expressed as:
further, a primary slope data set X 'for the generated soil moisture content' s,t Calculating the quadratic slope value x' of each time t at the depth s point by point in turn " s,t The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein x' s,t Is the primary slope of the soil depth s at the moment t, x s,t Soil with soil depth s at time tSoil moisture content.
Generating a new soil moisture secondary slope data set X' s,t The form thereof can be expressed as:
finally, a layer-by-layer secondary slope dataset X' is traversed in sequence from time t " s,t The data in (2) when the secondary slope x' of the soil water content at the time t+1 is satisfied 20,t+1 The secondary slope x' of the soil moisture content at the previous moment t 20,t+1 When the difference is less than or equal to 0.01, the method not only satisfies the condition of |x 20,t+1 -x″ 20,t If the level is less than or equal to 0.01, determining the soil water content x of the current time point t s,t Namely the field water holding capacity (theta) of the soil FC(i) )。
If the layer data sequence is traversed and does not meet the time points of the conditions, the corresponding soil field water holding quantity points are not found.
Compared with the field water holding capacity measuring method in the prior art, the soil field water holding capacity measuring method provided by the invention has the main improvement points that:
1) The invention provides a method for intelligently judging time sequence data and identifying saturated water withdrawal intervals based on a sensor, namely the method utilizes a soil water content sensor as a measuring mode of soil water content at different depths and time points to replace the traditional time-consuming and labor-consuming manual drying measuring mode, and realizes in-situ, continuous, accurate, high-frequency and nondestructive time sequence acquisition of the soil water content. Aiming at the acquired multi-depth time series data, a soil moisture change state judging method, a soil saturation degree judging method and a saturated water-withdrawal zone identifying method are respectively provided according to theoretical basis such as a soil moisture migration rule, a soil moisture saturation time sequence form and a soil field water holding capacity judging, so that intelligent judgment of the soil moisture time sequence data and intelligent identification of the saturated water-withdrawal zone are realized.
2) The invention provides a soil field water holding capacity point judging algorithm based on a secondary slope of time sequence data of soil water content, and provides an intelligent watering interval identification method based on time sequence data and an automatic soil field water holding capacity point judging algorithm based on the time sequence slope.
By analyzing the multi-depth soil water content time series change process data in the selected time range, the soil water content change state is sequentially judged, whether the soil body reaches the saturation state or not is judged, the water loss interval is determined, and the intelligent recognition of the soil water content saturated water loss process interval of soil layers with different depths is realized. The method further combines the water content water-withdrawal rule of the soil, carries out secondary slope operation on the extracted time sequence data of the saturated water-withdrawal interval, combines the judgment threshold value to realize quick judgment of the soil field water-holding capacity point, avoids the defect of the traditional moving average method under the condition of data fluctuation error, and improves the field water-holding capacity measurement precision.
In addition, the method provided by the invention can be conveniently migrated to edge side computing environments such as instruments and equipment, and is easy to popularize and apply.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the soil field water holding capacity measurement system provided by the invention, and as shown in fig. 3, the system mainly comprises: a data acquisition unit 301, a saturated water withdrawal interval determination unit 302, a primary slope calculation unit 303, a secondary slope calculation unit 304, and a water holding capacity determination unit 305, wherein:
The data acquisition unit 301 is mainly used for acquiring the soil moisture content of the sample to be detected in continuous moments and constructing a moisture content time sequence data set;
the saturated water-withdrawal section determining unit 302 is mainly configured to determine a single saturated water-withdrawal section of the sample to be measured according to a soil moisture change state and a soil saturation state, so as to select a time-series change dataset from the water-content time-series dataset, where the time-series change dataset is a water-content dataset in the single saturated water-withdrawal section;
the primary slope calculation unit 303 is mainly used for sequentially performing adjacent point slope calculation on the data in the time sequence change data set to obtain a primary slope data set of the soil water content;
the secondary slope calculation unit 304 is mainly used for sequentially performing adjacent point slope calculation on the data in the primary slope data set of the soil moisture content to obtain a secondary slope data set of the soil moisture content;
the water-holding capacity determining unit 305 is mainly configured to traverse the data in the soil water content secondary slope data set, and when the absolute value of the difference between the soil water content secondary slope at time t and the soil water content secondary slope at time t+1 is smaller than a first preset threshold, take the soil water content at time t as the field water holding capacity of the sample plot to be measured.
In order to verify the measuring effect of the automatic measuring method of the instrument for the soil field water capacity, provided by the invention, the soil moisture content monitoring station in the cis-sense area of Beijing city is tested and verified in the period of 18 days to 11 days 13 days in 9 months in 2020. The experimental process is carried out according to the surrounding frame irrigation standard and the soil sampling standard by a cutting ring method, and the experimental equipment comprises a soil moisture content monitoring instrument, a cutting ring, plastic cloth, a soil cutting knife, filter paper, straw or other padding materials, a balance, an oven and the like.
The test utilizes a soil moisture sensor to monitor the soil moisture uninterruptedly to obtain continuous multi-depth soil moisture content time series data, and the soil field moisture capacity of each layer is respectively judged according to the change process of the soil moisture content along with time by combining a sliding average method and the secondary slope method provided by the invention.
And (3) measuring the field water holding capacity by using an indoor ring method as a true value, and comparing and analyzing the values of the field water holding capacities determined by different methods. The error analysis takes absolute errors and relative errors of the field water holding capacity measured by two methods as evaluation indexes, and the calculation formulas are respectively as follows:
ε j ＝θ 4j -θ 3j (8)
wherein epsilon is the absolute error of the field water holding capacity of each layer of soil, and the unit is cm 3 /cm 3 ；θ 3 The field water holding capacity measured by a ring-knife method is expressed in cm 3 /cm 3 ；θ 4 The unit of the field water holding capacity is cm measured by a surrounding frame flooding irrigation instrument method 3 /cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Delta is the relative error of the field water holding capacity of each layer of soil; j is the depth of the soil layer, and the unit is cm.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of soil moisture content of different soil depths, as shown in fig. 4, the results of soil field moisture content determination experiments are shown in table 1, absolute errors of the secondary slope measurement method adopted by the invention and a sliding average method adopted in the prior art are respectively in the ranges of [2.23%,5.80% ] and [3.02%,6.50% ], absolute error averages are respectively 3.77% and 4.55%, and experiments show that the secondary slope measurement method for soil field moisture content provided by the invention has obvious precision advantages.
Table 1 results comparison table of two methods for clockwise monitoring station
The method and the system for measuring the soil field water holding capacity provided by the invention provide an intelligent irrigation interval identification method based on time sequence data and an automatic soil field water holding capacity judgment algorithm based on a time sequence secondary slope, so that the defect of the traditional moving average method under the condition of data fluctuation errors is effectively avoided, and the field water holding capacity measurement precision is improved.
The system for measuring the soil field water retention provided by the embodiment of the present invention may be implemented based on the method for measuring the soil field water retention described in any one of the embodiments, and is not described in detail in this embodiment.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to the present invention, and as shown in fig. 5, the electronic device may include: processor 510, communication interface 520, memory 530, and communication bus 540, wherein processor 510, communication interface 520, and memory 530 communicate with each other via communication bus 540. Processor 510 may invoke logic instructions in memory 530 to perform a method for determining the amount of water held in a field of soil, the method comprising: collecting the soil water content of a sample to be detected in continuous moments, and constructing a water content time sequence data set; determining a single saturated water-withdrawal interval of a sample to be detected according to the soil moisture change state and the soil body saturation state, and selecting a time sequence change data set from the water content time sequence data set, wherein the time sequence change data set is a water content data set in the single saturated water-withdrawal interval; sequentially carrying out adjacent point slope calculation on the data in the time sequence change data set to obtain a soil water content primary slope data set; sequentially carrying out adjacent point slope calculation on data in the primary slope data set of the soil water content to obtain a secondary slope data set of the soil water content; and traversing data in the soil moisture content secondary slope data set, and taking the soil moisture content at the time t as the field water holding capacity of the to-be-detected sample land under the condition that the absolute value of the difference between the soil moisture content secondary slope at the time t and the soil moisture content secondary slope at the time t+1 is smaller than a first preset threshold value.
Further, the logic instructions in the memory 530 described above may be implemented in the form of software functional units and may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium when sold or used as a stand-alone product. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied essentially or in a part contributing to the prior art or in a part of the technical solution, in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium, comprising several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a usb disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM, randomAccessMemory), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, or other various media capable of storing program codes.
In another aspect, the present invention also provides a computer program product comprising a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, the computer program comprising program instructions which, when executed by a computer, enable the computer to perform the method of determining the amount of water held in a soil field provided by the methods described above, the method comprising: collecting the soil water content of a sample to be detected in continuous moments, and constructing a water content time sequence data set; determining a single saturated water-withdrawal interval of a sample to be detected according to the soil moisture change state and the soil body saturation state, and selecting a time sequence change data set from the water content time sequence data set, wherein the time sequence change data set is a water content data set in the single saturated water-withdrawal interval; sequentially carrying out adjacent point slope calculation on the data in the time sequence change data set to obtain a soil water content primary slope data set; sequentially carrying out adjacent point slope calculation on data in the primary slope data set of the soil water content to obtain a secondary slope data set of the soil water content; and traversing data in the soil moisture content secondary slope data set, and taking the soil moisture content at the time t as the field water holding capacity of the to-be-detected sample land under the condition that the absolute value of the difference between the soil moisture content secondary slope at the time t and the soil moisture content secondary slope at the time t+1 is smaller than a first preset threshold value.
In still another aspect, the present invention further provides a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, is implemented to perform the method for measuring soil field water retention provided in the above embodiments, the method comprising: collecting the soil water content of a sample to be detected in continuous moments, and constructing a water content time sequence data set; determining a single saturated water-withdrawal interval of a sample to be detected according to the soil moisture change state and the soil body saturation state, and selecting a time sequence change data set from the water content time sequence data set, wherein the time sequence change data set is a water content data set in the single saturated water-withdrawal interval; sequentially carrying out adjacent point slope calculation on the data in the time sequence change data set to obtain a soil water content primary slope data set; sequentially carrying out adjacent point slope calculation on data in the primary slope data set of the soil water content to obtain a secondary slope data set of the soil water content; and traversing data in the soil moisture content secondary slope data set, and taking the soil moisture content at the time t as the field water holding capacity of the to-be-detected sample land under the condition that the absolute value of the difference between the soil moisture content secondary slope at the time t and the soil moisture content secondary slope at the time t+1 is smaller than a first preset threshold value.
The apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative, wherein the elements illustrated as separate elements may or may not be physically separate, and the elements shown as elements may or may not be physical elements, may be located in one place, or may be distributed over a plurality of network elements. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment. Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand and implement the present invention without undue burden.
From the above description of the embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the embodiments may be implemented by means of software plus necessary general hardware platforms, or of course may be implemented by means of hardware. Based on this understanding, the foregoing technical solution may be embodied essentially or in a part contributing to the prior art in the form of a software product, which may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, such as ROM/RAM, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, etc., including several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the method described in the respective embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The method for measuring the field water holding capacity of the soil is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
collecting the soil water content of a sample to be detected in continuous moments, and constructing a water content time sequence data set;
determining a single saturated water-withdrawal interval of the sample to be detected according to the soil moisture change state and the soil body saturation state, and selecting a time sequence change data set from the water content time sequence data set, wherein the time sequence change data set is a water content data set in the single saturated water-withdrawal interval;
sequentially carrying out adjacent point slope calculation on the data in the time sequence change data set to obtain a soil water content primary slope data set;
Sequentially carrying out adjacent point slope calculation on the data in the soil water content primary slope data set to obtain a soil water content secondary slope data set;
traversing the data in the soil moisture content secondary slope data set, and taking the soil moisture content at the time t as the field water holding capacity of the to-be-detected sample land under the condition that the absolute value of the difference between the soil moisture content secondary slope at the time t and the soil moisture content secondary slope at the time t+1 is smaller than a first preset threshold value;
the method comprises the steps of collecting the water content of soil of a sample to be detected in continuous moments, and carrying out data quality control on the water content time sequence data in the process of constructing the water content time sequence data set, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
judging whether the time sequence data of the water content in any time range simultaneously meets the condition that the data is complete and continuous, the frequency is correct, and the soil water content value x at any depth and moment s,k ∈(0％,60％)；
If yes, constructing a water content time sequence data set;
if not, collecting the soil water content of the sample to be detected again in continuous moments, and constructing the water content time sequence data set;
determining a single saturated water-withdrawal interval of the sample to be detected according to the soil moisture change state and the soil saturation state so as to select a time sequence change data set from the water content time sequence data set, wherein the method comprises the following steps of:
Traversing the data in the water content time sequence data set one by one from the moment k, wherein the moment k is thatIn the interval from k+m time, if any soil depth s appears, the soil water content x at three continuous time k s,k The moisture content x of the soil compared with the time k-1 s,k-1 If the increment of the soil to be detected exceeds a second preset threshold value, determining that the soil depth of each layer of the sample to be detected is in a watering state in the interval from the k moment to the k+m moment;
under the condition that the soil depth of each layer of the sample to be detected is in a watering state, determining the maximum value x of the soil water content at the soil depth s of each layer from the moment k to the moment k+m respectively s,max ；
Counting that the water content of the soil at each layer of soil depth s from the moment k to the moment k+m exceeds x s,max Number of moments C of 1% s Minimum time point T s,min And a maximum time point T s,max ；
If the time quantity C s Minimum time point T s,min And a maximum time point T s,max If the first preset condition is met, determining that the depth of each layer of soil of the sample to be detected reaches a saturated state in the interval from the k moment to the k+m moment;
determining the highest value of the water content of the soil in the interval from the moment k to the moment k+m, and determining the moment t corresponding to the highest value of the water content of the soil;
selecting the water content of soil at n continuous moments from the moment t, and constructing the time sequence change data set;
The first preset condition is as follows:
wherein C is s For the time quantity, T s,min For the minimum time point, T s,max Is the maximum point in time.
2. The method for measuring the field water holding capacity of soil according to claim 1, wherein when there are a plurality of maximum values of the water content of the soil in the interval from the time k to the time k+m, the determining the time t corresponding to the maximum value of the water content of the soil includes:
and determining the time with the maximum time point as the time t from the time corresponding to the highest value of all the soil water contents.
3. The method for measuring the soil field water retention capacity according to claim 1, wherein each data in the water content time series data set comprises a soil depth attribute, a soil water content attribute and a time attribute;
the water content time sequence data set X is under the condition that the soil water content comprises 0-20cm of soil water content, 20-40cm of soil water content, 40-60cm of soil water content and 60-80cm of soil water content s,t The method comprises the following steps:
wherein x is 20,t+n The water content of the soil is 0-20cm at the time t+n, and x is 40,t+n 20-40cm of soil moisture content at time t+n, x 60,t+n The water content of the soil is 40-60cm at the time t+n, x 80,t+n The water content of the soil is 60-80cm at the time of t+n, and n is the total sampling time.
4. The method for measuring the soil field water retention capacity according to claim 1, wherein the calculation formula for sequentially calculating the adjacent point slope of the data in the time series change data set to obtain the soil water content primary slope data set is as follows:
wherein x is s ′ ,t Is the primary slope of the soil depth s at the moment t, x s,t The soil moisture content at time t is the soil depth s.
5. The method for measuring the soil field water retention capacity according to claim 4, wherein the calculation formula for sequentially calculating the adjacent point slope of the data in the primary slope data set of the soil water content to obtain the secondary slope data set of the soil water content is as follows:
wherein x is ’ s ’ ,t Is the secondary slope of the soil depth s at the time t.
6. A system for measuring the field water holding capacity of soil, comprising:
the data acquisition unit is used for acquiring the soil water content of the sample to be detected in continuous moments and constructing a water content time sequence data set;
the saturated water-withdrawal interval determining unit is used for determining a single saturated water-withdrawal interval of the sample to be detected according to the soil moisture change state and the soil body saturation state so as to select a time sequence change data set from the water content time sequence data set, wherein the time sequence change data set is a water content data set in the single saturated water-withdrawal interval;
The primary slope calculation unit is used for sequentially calculating the slopes of adjacent points of the data in the time sequence change data set to obtain a primary slope data set of the soil water content;
the secondary slope calculation unit is used for sequentially carrying out adjacent point slope calculation on the data in the primary slope data set of the soil water content to obtain a secondary slope data set of the soil water content;
the water-holding capacity determining unit is used for traversing the data in the soil water content secondary slope data set, and taking the soil water content at the time t as the field water holding capacity of the to-be-detected sample land under the condition that the absolute value of the difference between the soil water content secondary slope at the time t and the soil water content secondary slope at the time t+1 is smaller than a first preset threshold value;
wherein, the data acquisition unit is further used for:
judging whether the time sequence data of the water content in any time range simultaneously meets the condition that the data is complete and continuous, the frequency is correct, and the soil water content value x at any depth and moment s,k ∈(0％,60％)；
If yes, constructing a water content time sequence data set;
if not, collecting the soil water content of the sample to be detected again in continuous moments, and constructing the water content time sequence data set;
The saturated water-withdrawal interval determining unit is further configured to:
traversing the data in the water content time sequence data set one by one from the moment k, and if the soil water content x of three continuous moments k appears in any soil depth s in the interval from the moment k to the moment k+m s,k The moisture content x of the soil compared with the time k-1 s,k-1 If the increment of the soil to be detected exceeds a second preset threshold value, determining that the soil depth of each layer of the sample to be detected is in a watering state in the interval from the k moment to the k+m moment;
under the condition that the soil depth of each layer of the sample to be detected is in a watering state, determining the maximum value x of the soil water content at the soil depth s of each layer from the moment k to the moment k+m respectively s,max ；
Counting that the water content of the soil at each layer of soil depth s from the moment k to the moment k+m exceeds x s,max Number of moments C of 1% s Minimum time point T s,min And a maximum time point T s,max ；
If the time quantity C s Minimum time point T s,min And a maximum time point T s,max If the first preset condition is met, determining that the depth of each layer of soil of the sample to be detected reaches a saturated state in the interval from the k moment to the k+m moment;
determining the highest value of the water content of the soil in the interval from the moment k to the moment k+m, and determining the moment t corresponding to the highest value of the water content of the soil;
Selecting the water content of soil at n continuous moments from the moment t, and constructing the time sequence change data set;
the first preset condition is as follows:
wherein C is s For the time quantity, T s,min For the minimum time point, T s,max Is the maximum point in time.
7. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor, when executing the computer program, implements the method steps of the method for determining the water retention in a soil field according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
8. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, characterized in that the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the method steps of determining the soil field water retention capacity according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
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