CN113030177B - Tank field flame dripping simulation and rescue protection test system and test method - Google Patents
Tank field flame dripping simulation and rescue protection test system and test method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004154 testing of material Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 32
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010000369 Accident Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/20—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tank farm flame dripping simulation and rescue protection testing system and a testing method, and belongs to the technical field of safety science and engineering emergency treatment. The device is mainly used for simulating the influence of the spraying direction, the angle and the spraying position on the fire extinguishing effect and comprises a tank area flowing fire simulation unit, a sand plugging test unit, a heat insulation fireproof material test unit, a foam fire extinguishing performance and parameter test unit and a data measurement unit. The tank field flame dripping simulation unit mainly comprises an oil tank, a ring pipe diverter, a first spray gun, a pitching mechanism, an oil groove, a movable ignition gun, a process pipeline and a process pipe fitting, wherein the oil tank is used for providing oil with constant pressure for the ring pipe diverter under the cooperation of the process pipeline and the process pipe fitting, and the pitching mechanism is used for ensuring that the ring pipe diverter and the first spray gun can freely adjust a pitch angle so as to adjust the angle of the oil sprayed by the first spray gun. The invention can test the rescue protection of the tank farm fire, and provides technical support for the emergency rescue of the tank farm fire.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of safety science and engineering emergency treatment, in particular to a tank farm flame dripping simulation and rescue protection test system and a test method.
Background
With the vigorous development of petrochemical industry, the number of storage tank areas is increased, and the volume is increased. The oil products stored in the storage tank area are inflammable and explosive, so that fire accidents in the storage tank area frequently occur, and main fire forms comprise pool fire, jet fire, flowing fire and the like. Wherein, the flowing fire is relatively complex because of two processes of flowing oil and burning oil, and the research at home and abroad is relatively less at present.
The tank farm flame dripping has the following characteristics: (1) Because the tank field is cooled by water and extinguished by foam liquid, cooling water or fire-fighting foam liquid can be arranged at the bottom of the flowing fire; (2) Because the storage tank or the pipeline has certain pressure, the flowing fire may have certain impact pressure;
the main rescue technology for the tank farm fire dripping comprises sand blocking, fire dike blocking and foam liquid fire extinguishing;
for sand plugging, the plugging effect of sand on unburned flowing oil needs to be studied, and the plugging effect of sand on burning flowing oil comprises specific parameters including the relation between the sand height and the loadable oil height and the like for the penetration time of sand oil products with unit thickness; aiming at the fire dike, the reinforced concrete fire dike has good sealing performance, high strength, good anti-seismic performance and small occupied area, so the reinforced concrete fire dike has the widest application; because of the high fire temperature in the tank farm, the surface of the fire dike must be sprayed with heat-insulating fire-proof paint, and at present, GB50351 "fire dike design Specification for storage tank farm" makes the following regulations on fire dike heat-insulating fire-proof paint: the fire resistance limit of the fire-resistant coating should not be less than 2 hours. The fire resistance limit is measured by adopting concrete plates with specified sizes, placing the concrete plates into a fire resistance test furnace and according to petrochemical engineering temperature-rising fire resistance test. The testing method does not fully consider that the heat-insulating fireproof paint and the fire dike are integrated, does not adopt real flowing fire to test the fire resistance limit, and does not consider the impact performance of the flowing fire and the like.
Aiming at the foam liquid fire extinguishing of flowing fire, the research of the document flowing fire burning and extinguishing technology [ Wu Jingfeng, fire science and technology, 2015, 8, 1047-1050] is used for researching the relation between the leakage rate and the extinguishing effect of positive pressure foam fire extinguishing, but the influence of the spraying direction, the angle and the spraying position on the extinguishing effect is not researched.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a system and a method for simulating and rescuing the flowing fire of a tank area, which are used for researching the fire extinguishing effect mainly from the spraying direction, the angle and the spraying position, testing the rescue protection of the flowing fire of the tank area and providing technical support for the emergency rescue of the flowing fire of the tank area.
One of the tasks of the invention is to provide a tank farm flame dripping simulation and rescue protection test system, which adopts the following technical scheme:
the test system mainly is used for simulating the influence of the spraying direction, the angle and the spraying position on the fire extinguishing effect, and comprises a tank area dripping fire simulation unit, a sand plugging test unit, a heat-insulating fireproof material test unit, a foam fire extinguishing performance and parameter test unit and a data measurement unit.
As a preferred scheme of the invention, the tank farm flow fire simulation unit mainly comprises an oil tank, a ring pipe diverter, a first spray gun, a pitching mechanism, an oil tank, a movable ignition gun, a process pipeline and a process pipe fitting, wherein the oil tank is used for providing oil products with constant pressure into the ring pipe diverter under the cooperation of the process pipeline and the process pipe fitting, the upper end and the lower end of the ring pipe diverter are semicircular, the upper end and the lower end of the ring pipe diverter are buckled relatively to form a circle, and two pipes in the middle of the ring pipe diverter are parallel to each other.
As another preferable scheme of the invention, the pitching mechanism is provided with two groups, which are respectively positioned at the middle upper part and the middle lower part of one side of the annular pipe diverter, and the pitching mechanism is used for ensuring that the annular pipe diverter and the first spray gun can freely adjust the pitch angle so as to adjust the angle of the oil sprayed by the first spray gun; the other side of the ring pipe diverter is provided with the first spray guns, the first spray guns are provided with a plurality of groups, the first spray guns are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, the opposite sides of the first spray guns are the oil grooves, the movable ignition guns are located on the oil grooves, and the types of the first spray guns in each group are the same.
Further, the whole oil groove is a cuboid with an opening at the upper part, and except for the vertical wall at the farthest end of the first spray gun, the rest vertical walls and the bottom are sequentially paved with high-temperature-resistant glass, refractory bricks, glass fiber mats and steel plates from inside to outside.
Furthermore, the refractory bricks adopt mullite refractory bricks, light refractory bricks and light insulating bricks from inside to outside respectively.
Further, the vertical wall at the farthest end from the first spray gun is formed by the same composition as the fire dike of the tank area, and the heat-insulating fireproof material testing unit comprises heat-insulating fireproof paint sprayed on the vertical wall at the farthest end from the first spray gun.
Further, the sand plugging test unit comprises a sand remote injection device, the sand remote injection device comprises an air compressor, a feed cylinder, a second valve, a first pipeline and a second spray gun, the feed cylinder and the air compressor are respectively connected with the second spray gun through the first pipeline, the second valve is used for controlling the falling of sand in the feed cylinder, when the feed cylinder is filled with sand, the air compressor is started, the second valve is opened, the sand falls, the gas provided by the air compressor brings out the sand, and the sand is injected into the oil tank.
Further, the process pipe includes an oil pipeline and a return pipeline, the process pipe includes a first valve, a multistage pump, a pressure stabilizing valve, a pressure gauge and a flowmeter, one end of the oil pipeline is connected to the oil tank, the other end is connected to the loop diverter, the oil pipeline is provided with the first valve, the multistage pump, the pressure stabilizing valve, the pressure gauge and the flowmeter from front to back, and the return pipeline is connected to the oil pipeline between the multistage pump and the pressure stabilizing valve.
Further, the foam fire extinguishing performance and parameter testing unit is used for testing the influence of spray guns arranged in different directions and angles on the flow fire extinguishing effect, and the device comprises a positive pressure type foam fire extinguishing device, wherein the bottom of the positive pressure type foam fire extinguishing device is connected with a multi-way valve through a second pipeline, the multi-way valve divides foam generated in the positive pressure type foam fire extinguishing device into a plurality of parts, and the other end of each pipeline connected with the multi-way valve is connected with a third spray gun.
Further, the multi-way valve is at least connected with three pipelines, and the third spray gun connected with each pipeline is respectively arranged at the front, the rear and one side of the oil groove.
Further, the data measuring unit comprises a heat flow meter, temperature sensors, a data acquisition device, a computer and a high-definition camera, wherein the heat flow meter is provided with a plurality of heat flow meters and is uniformly distributed on the periphery of the oil groove, the temperature sensors are arranged above the oil groove, the high-definition camera is at least provided with two heat flow meters and is positioned on two sides of the oil groove, the heat flow meter and the temperature sensors are connected with the data acquisition device through data wires, and the data acquisition device is connected with the computer through a network cable.
The invention further aims to provide a tank farm fire dripping simulation and rescue protection test method, which adopts the tank farm fire dripping simulation and rescue protection test system, and comprises the following steps in sequence:
s1, preparing, namely filling the oil tank with required oil products, and ensuring that measuring instruments and signals in a data measuring unit are normal;
s2, measuring, namely providing oil with constant pressure into the annular pipe diverter through the oil tank, wherein the symmetrical communication structure of the annular pipe diverter can ensure that the pressure inside the annular pipe diverter is identical everywhere, so that the pressure of each first spray gun is identical, and the types of the first spray guns are identical, so that the sprayed flowing oil can be uniformly distributed;
s3, adjusting the lifting angle of the pitching mechanism and the spraying pressure of the first spray gun, controlling the position of a drop point for spraying oil and the kinetic energy of spraying the oil, and spraying sand walls with different thicknesses and heights at any position of the oil groove by controlling the position and the angle of the second spray gun, so as to test the height of the oil, and obtaining the requirements of the flow velocity on the height and the thickness of the sand walls to obtain a functional relation between the height and the height of the sand walls and the flow velocity of the oil; the performance of the heat-insulating fireproof paint on the fire dike when flowing fire with different pressure and flow rate can be tested by adjusting the outlet pressure of the third spray gun and the angle of the pitching mechanism, and the optimal heat-insulating fireproof paint is optimized;
s4, shooting by a high-definition camera, and researching the flow rate of the oil product; controlling the position and the ignition time of the movable ignition gun, and researching the relation between the flow rate of the unburned oil and the fire spreading rate; and the heat radiation condition around the flowing fire is researched through the heat flow data acquired by the heat flow meter, and the temperature distribution of the flame and the air at the upper part of the flowing fire is researched through the data acquired by the temperature sensor.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
on the basis of measuring the characteristics of the flowing fire of the tank farm, the invention can test related rescue and protection technologies, and optimal parameters and materials are optimized, thereby providing technical support for the emergency rescue of the flowing fire of the tank farm.
The invention can test the performance of the heat-insulating fireproof paint on the fire dike when the fire flows under different pressures and flow rates, and the optimal heat-insulating fireproof paint is optimized.
The invention can test the requirements of parameters such as height, flow rate and the like of the oil product on the height and thickness of the sand wall, and obtain the functional relation between the height and thickness of the sand wall and the height and flow rate of the oil product, thereby guiding emergency rescue.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a tank farm fire flow simulation and rescue protection test system;
in the figure, 1, an oil tank, 2, an oil delivery pipeline, 3, a first valve, 4, a multistage pump, 5, a backflow pipeline, 6, a pressure stabilizing valve, 7, a pressure gauge, 8, a flowmeter, 9, a loop diverter, 10, a first spray gun, 11, a pitching mechanism, 12, an oil tank, 13, an air compressor, 14, a feeding cylinder, 15, a second valve, 16, a first pipeline, 17, a second spray gun, 18, a positive pressure foam fire extinguishing device, 19, a second pipeline, 20, a multi-way valve, 21, a third spray gun, 22, a heat flow meter, 23, a temperature sensor, 24, a data acquisition device, 25, a computer, 26, a high-definition camera, 27 and a mobile ignition gun.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a tank farm fire flow simulation and rescue protection test system and a test method, and in order to make the advantages and the technical scheme of the invention clearer and more definite, the invention is described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
The light refractory brick refers to a refractory brick with the density of less than 1.3x10 3 kg/m 3 The refractory brick has the characteristics of small density, high porosity, small thermal conductivity, good heat preservation, certain compressive strength and the like.
The high-temperature resistant glass is special glass which can reach or bear corresponding temperature, corresponding pressure grade and applicable medium under the conditions of certain temperature, medium (acid resistance and alkali resistance) and pressure grade, is prepared by adopting high-purity siliceous mineral materials through high-temperature refining, and can still keep the original permeability and transparency of the glass under the high-temperature environment.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention relates to a tank farm fire dripping simulation and rescue protection test system, which comprises an oil tank 1, an oil pipeline 2, a first valve 3, a multistage pump 4, a backflow pipeline 5, a pressure stabilizing valve 6, a pressure gauge 7, a flowmeter 8, a loop splitter 9, a first spray gun 10, a pitching mechanism 11, an oil groove 12, an air compressor 13, a feeding cylinder 14, a second valve 15, a first pipeline 16, a second spray gun 17, a positive pressure foam fire extinguishing device 18, a second pipeline 19, a multi-way valve 20, a third spray gun 21, a heat flow meter 22, a temperature sensor 23, a data collector 24, a computer 25, a high-definition camera 26 and a mobile ignition gun 27.
The main difference between the test system and the prior art is that the test system can be used for simulating the influence of the spraying direction, the spraying angle and the spraying position on the fire extinguishing effect.
The testing system mainly comprises a tank field dripping fire simulation unit, a sand plugging testing unit, a heat insulation fireproof material testing unit, a foam fire extinguishing performance and parameter testing unit and a data measuring unit.
The tank field flame flowing simulation unit mainly comprises an oil tank 1, a loop pipe diverter 9, a first spray gun 10, a pitching mechanism 11, an oil tank 12, a movable ignition gun 27, a process pipeline and a process pipe fitting, wherein the oil tank is used for providing oil products with constant pressure into the loop pipe diverter under the cooperation of the process pipeline and the process pipe fitting, the upper end and the lower end of the loop pipe diverter are semicircular, the two opposite buckling parts are circular, two pipes in the middle of the loop pipe diverter are parallel to each other, and the loop pipe diverter is designed in such a way that the pressure in the loop pipe diverter is identical everywhere.
The pitching mechanism is provided with two groups which are respectively positioned at the middle upper part and the middle lower part of one side of the annular pipe diverter, and is used for ensuring that the annular pipe diverter and the first spray gun can freely adjust the pitch angle so as to adjust the angle of oil sprayed by the first spray gun; the lifting angle of the pitching mechanism 11 and the spraying pressure of the first spray gun are adjusted, the position of a drop point of the sprayed oil product and the kinetic energy of the sprayed oil product can be controlled, and the function is significant for testing impact oil products and the influence of the flowing fire of the impact oil products on sand plugging and heat-insulating fireproof paint on the fireproof dike.
The other side of the ring pipe diverter is provided with the first spray guns, the first spray guns are provided with a plurality of groups, the first spray guns are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, the opposite sides of the first spray guns are the oil grooves, the movable ignition guns are located on the oil grooves, and the types of the first spray guns in each group are the same. The first spray guns 10 are identical in model, and the purpose of the arrangement is that the model is identical, so that the pressure of the spray guns 10 at all positions is identical, and the flow ejected by each spray gun is identical, so that even distribution of the ejected flowing oil can be ensured.
The whole cuboid with the upper opening of the oil groove is provided with high-temperature-resistant glass, refractory bricks, glass fiber mats and steel plates from inside to outside in sequence on the other vertical walls and the bottom except the vertical wall at the farthest end of the first spray gun. The mullite refractory brick, the light refractory brick and the light insulating brick are adopted from inside to outside respectively, the wall surface of the directly contacted oil surface is smooth enough, the cement floor of a storage tank area can be simulated, heat can be prevented from being transferred to an outer layer of steel plate, the steel plate is deformed, and the reliability of the whole structure can be maintained.
The vertical wall at the farthest end from the first spray gun is the same as the fire dike of the tank area, and the heat-insulating fireproof material testing unit comprises heat-insulating fireproof paint sprayed on the vertical wall at the farthest end from the first spray gun. The vertical wall furthest from the first spray gun 10 is formed by the same components as the fire dike of the tank area, and the inner wall of the vertical wall can be sprayed with heat-insulating fire-proof paint adopted by the fire dike of the tank area, so that the capability of resisting flowing fire of the paint can be tested, the paint is prevented from being separated from the fire dike, the angle of the annular pipe flow divider is adjusted, and the influence of impact flowing fire with different pressure and flow on the heat-insulating fire-proof paint on the fire dike and the protection effect of the paint can be tested.
The sand plugging test unit comprises a sand remote injection device, wherein the sand remote injection device comprises an air compressor, a feed cylinder, a second valve, a first pipeline and a second spray gun, when in experiment, the feed cylinder 14 is filled with sand, the air compressor 13 is opened, the second valve 15 at the lower part of the feed cylinder is opened, the sand falls, and high-pressure gas provided by the air compressor 13 is taken out and injected into the oil tank 12.
Further, the process pipe includes an oil pipeline and a return pipeline, the process pipe includes a first valve, a multistage pump, a pressure stabilizing valve, a pressure gauge and a flowmeter, one end of the oil pipeline is connected to the oil tank, the other end is connected to the loop diverter, the oil pipeline is provided with the first valve, the multistage pump, the pressure stabilizing valve, the pressure gauge and the flowmeter from front to back, and the return pipeline is connected to the oil pipeline between the multistage pump and the pressure stabilizing valve.
Further, the foam fire extinguishing performance and parameter testing unit is used for testing the influence of spray guns arranged in different directions and angles on the flow fire extinguishing effect, and the device comprises a positive pressure type foam fire extinguishing device, wherein the bottom of the positive pressure type foam fire extinguishing device is connected with a multi-way valve through a second pipeline, the multi-way valve divides foam generated in the positive pressure type foam fire extinguishing device into a plurality of parts, and the other end of each pipeline connected with the multi-way valve is connected with a third spray gun.
Further, the multi-way valve is at least connected with three pipelines, and the third spray gun connected with each pipeline is respectively arranged at the front, the rear and one side of the oil groove. During experiments, the influence of spray guns arranged in different directions and angles on the flame flowing and extinguishing effect can be tested.
Further, the data measuring unit comprises a heat flow meter, a temperature sensor, a data collector, a computer and a high-definition camera, wherein the heat flow meter is uniformly arranged on the periphery of the oil groove, and the temperature sensor is mainly arranged above the oil groove; the high-definition cameras are arranged on two sides of the oil groove, one on each side; the heat flow meter and the temperature sensor are connected with a data acquisition unit through a data line, and the data acquisition unit is connected with a computer through a network cable; the data measuring part mainly measures the temperature distribution above the flowing fire and the heat radiation of the periphery, and measures the spread rate of oil products and fire.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1:
the testing system mainly comprises a tank field dripping fire simulation unit, a sand plugging testing unit, a heat insulation fireproof material testing unit, a foam fire extinguishing performance and parameter testing unit and a data measuring unit.
The tank farm flow fire simulation unit mainly comprises an oil tank 1, an oil pipeline 2, a first valve 3, a multi-stage pump 4, a backflow pipeline 5, a pressure stabilizing valve 6, a pressure gauge 7, a flowmeter 8, a loop splitter 9, a first spray gun 10, a pitching mechanism 11, an oil groove 12 and a movable ignition gun 27;
wherein the oil tank 1 is pre-filled with oil products including but not limited to diesel oil, gasoline and the like; the first valve 3 is opened, oil products are pumped out by the multistage pump 4, the output pressure is kept constant through the pressure stabilizing valve 6 and the return pipeline 5, and the opening degree of the pressure stabilizing valve is continuously adjusted to enable the output pressure value (displayed by the pressure gauge 7) and the flow value (displayed by the flow meter 8) to be values required by experiments;
the upper end and the lower end of the ring pipe diverter 9 are semicircular, the middle two pipelines are parallel, the middle position of one side of the diverter is connected with the oil pipeline 2, and 8 first spray guns 10 with the same type are uniformly arranged on the other side of the diverter.
Two pitching mechanisms 11 are arranged at two ends of the annular pipe flow divider, and the pitching mechanisms can ensure that the annular pipe flow divider and the spray gun can freely adjust pitch angles, so that the angle of oil sprayed by the spray gun can be adjusted.
The oil groove 12 is a cuboid, the upper part is opened, the rest vertical walls and the bottom are respectively composed of four parts except the vertical wall at the farthest end from the spray gun, high-temperature resistant glass, refractory bricks, glass fiber mats and steel plates are respectively adopted as the refractory bricks from inside to outside, mullite refractory bricks, light refractory bricks and light heat-insulating bricks are respectively adopted as the refractory bricks from inside to outside, the composition can ensure that the wall surface directly contacted with the oil surface is smooth enough, the cement floor of a tank storage area can be simulated, the heat can be ensured not to be transferred to the steel plates at the outer layer, the steel plates are deformed, and the reliability of the whole structure can be maintained;
the vertical wall at the farthest end from the spray gun is formed by the same components as the fire dike of the tank area, and the inner wall of the vertical wall can be sprayed with heat-insulating fire-proof paint adopted by the fire dike of the tank area, so that the capability of resisting flowing fire of the paint can be tested, the paint and the fire dike are prevented from being separated, the angle of the annular pipe diverter is adjusted, and the influence of impact flowing fire with different pressures and flow rates on the heat-insulating fire-proof paint on the fire dike and the protection effect of the paint can be tested.
Example 2:
the testing system mainly comprises a tank field dripping fire simulation unit, a sand plugging testing unit, a heat insulation fireproof material testing unit, a foam fire extinguishing performance and parameter testing unit and a data measuring unit.
The sand shutoff test unit mainly comprises a sand remote injection device, the device is composed of an air compressor 13, a feeding cylinder 14, a second valve 15, a first pipeline 16 and a second spray gun 17, during experiments, the feeding cylinder 14 is filled with sand, the air compressor 13 is opened, the second valve 15 at the lower part of the feeding cylinder is opened, the sand falls, and high-pressure gas provided by the air compressor is taken out and injected into the oil tank 12.
Example 3:
the testing system mainly comprises a tank field dripping fire simulation unit, a sand plugging testing unit, a heat insulation fireproof material testing unit, a foam fire extinguishing performance and parameter testing unit and a data measuring unit.
The foam fire extinguishing performance and parameter testing unit mainly comprises a positive pressure foam fire extinguishing device 18, a second pipeline 19, a multi-way valve 20 and a third spray gun 21; the multi-way valve divides the foam generated by the positive pressure foam fire extinguishing device into three, three pipelines and the spray gun are respectively arranged in front of, behind and on one side of the oil groove, and during experiments, the influence of the spray gun arranged in different directions and angles on the flowing fire extinguishing effect can be tested.
Example 4:
the testing system mainly comprises a tank field dripping fire simulation unit, a sand plugging testing unit, a heat insulation fireproof material testing unit, a foam fire extinguishing performance and parameter testing unit and a data measuring unit.
The data measurement unit mainly comprises a heat flow meter 22, a temperature sensor 23, a data collector 24, a computer 25 and a high-definition camera 26, wherein the heat flow meter is uniformly arranged at the periphery of the oil groove, and the temperature sensor is mainly arranged above the oil groove; the high-definition cameras are arranged on two sides of the oil groove, one on each side; the heat flow meter and the temperature sensor are connected with a data acquisition unit through a data line, and the data acquisition unit is connected with a computer through a network cable; the data measuring unit mainly measures the temperature distribution above the flowing fire and the peripheral heat radiation, and measures the spreading rate of oil products and fire.
The test method is described in detail below by combining the tank farm flame dripping simulation and rescue protection test system.
Before the experiment, the oil tank 1 is filled with oil products required by the experiment, including but not limited to gasoline, diesel oil and the like; the protective covers of the heat flow meter 22 and the temperature sensor 23 are opened, and the data collector 24 and the computer 25 are opened, so that the instrument and the signal transmission are ensured to be normal; starting the high-definition camera 26, wherein the high-definition camera 26 is arranged on two sides of the oil groove 12;
when the experiment starts, the first valve 3 on the oil pipeline 2 is opened, the multistage pump 4 is opened, the pressure stabilizing valve 6 is regulated, the pressure (displayed by the pressure gauge 7) and the flow (displayed by the flow meter 8) of the output oil product meet the experimental requirement, the oil product is supplied with pressure by the multistage pump 4 and conveyed to the annular pipe diverter 9 through the oil pipeline 2, the symmetrical communication structure of the annular pipe diverter 9 can ensure that the pressure in the diverter is identical everywhere, so that the pressure of the first spray gun 10 is identical everywhere, and the flow sprayed by each spray gun is identical because the model of the first spray gun 10 is identical, so that the sprayed flowing oil is uniformly distributed.
The flowing rate of the oil product can be studied through shooting by a high-definition camera; by controlling the position and ignition time of the movable ignition gun 27, the relation between the flow rate of the unburned oil and the fire spread rate can be studied; the heat radiation condition around the flowing fire can be studied by the heat flow data acquired by the heat flow meter 22, and the temperature distribution of the flame and the air at the upper part of the flowing fire can be studied by the data acquired by the temperature sensor 23;
the lifting angle of the pitching mechanism 11 and the spraying pressure of the spray gun are adjusted, so that the position of a drop point of the sprayed oil product and the kinetic energy of the sprayed oil product can be controlled, and the function has important significance for testing the impact oil product and the influence of the flowing fire of the impact oil product on sand blocking and heat-insulating fireproof paint on a fireproof dike;
currently, aiming at oil product flowing and flowing fire disaster, sand is generally adopted for plugging unburned oil products, and foam is generally adopted for extinguishing fire for burning oil products; however, the sand blocking and flowing oil products are not studied in detail, and the problems that the thickness and the height of the sand are insufficient, the sand collapses or the oil products permeate out to continue flowing after a period of time exist, so that the relation between the thickness and the height of the sand and the impact force and the height of the oil products need to be studied; sand is filled in the feeding cylinder 14, the air compressor 13 is started, the second valve 15 is opened, sand falls, high-pressure gas provided by the air compressor is taken out, the sand is sprayed out through the first pipeline 16 and the second spray gun 17, and sand walls with different thicknesses and heights can be sprayed out at any position of the oil groove 12 by controlling the position and the angle of the second spray gun; and further, the requirements of parameters such as the height and the flow velocity of the oil product on the height and the thickness of the sand wall can be tested, and a functional relation between the height and the thickness of the sand wall and the height and the flow velocity of the oil product can be obtained, so that emergency rescue can be guided.
The fire-proof wall of the oil groove 12 is used as the vertical wall at the farthest end of the tank area, the fire-proof wall is sprayed with the paint adopted by the fire-proof wall, the paint and the fire-proof wall are used as a whole, the outlet pressure of the first spray gun 10 and the angle of the pitching mechanism 11 can be adjusted, the performance of the heat-proof fire-proof paint on the fire-proof wall in the face of flowing fire with different pressures and flow rates can be tested, and the optimal heat-proof fire-proof paint is optimized.
The foam fire extinguishing performance and parameter testing part can test the foam fire extinguishing flow, angle, azimuth and the like, and in the running fire spreading process, the foam fire extinguishing device 18 is started, foam is divided into three parts through the multi-way valve 20 and is sprayed in front of, behind and sideways of the oil groove 12 through the third spray gun 21, so that the optimal spraying azimuth and angle and spraying flow are determined.
The parts not described in the invention can be realized by referring to the prior art.
It should be noted that: any equivalent or obvious modifications made by those skilled in the art under the teachings of this specification shall fall within the scope of this invention.
Claims (2)
1. A tank field flame dripping simulation and rescue protection test system is characterized in that: the testing system is mainly used for simulating the influence of the spraying direction, the angle and the spraying position on the fire extinguishing effect, and comprises a tank area flowing fire simulation unit, a sand plugging testing unit, a heat insulation fireproof material testing unit, a foam fire extinguishing performance and parameter testing unit and a data measuring unit;
the tank field flame dripping simulation unit mainly comprises an oil tank, a ring pipe diverter, a first spray gun, a pitching mechanism, an oil tank, a movable ignition gun, a process pipeline and a process pipe fitting, wherein the oil tank is matched with the process pipeline and the process pipe fitting to provide oil products with constant pressure in the ring pipe diverter, the upper end and the lower end of the ring pipe diverter are semicircular, the upper end and the lower end of the ring pipe diverter are buckled relatively to form a circle, and two pipes in the middle of the ring pipe diverter are parallel to each other;
the pitching mechanism is arranged at the middle upper part and the middle lower part of one side of the annular pipe diverter, and is used for ensuring that the annular pipe diverter and the first spray gun can freely adjust the pitch angle so as to adjust the angle of oil sprayed by the first spray gun; the other side of the loop pipe flow divider is provided with a plurality of groups of first spray guns, the first spray guns are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, the opposite sides of the first spray guns are oil grooves, the movable ignition guns are positioned on the oil grooves, and the types of the first spray guns in each group are the same;
the whole oil groove is a cuboid with an opening at the upper part, and except for a vertical wall at the farthest end of the first spray gun, the rest vertical walls and the bottom are sequentially paved with high-temperature-resistant glass, refractory bricks, glass fiber mats and steel plates from inside to outside;
the fireproof bricks are mullite fireproof bricks, light fireproof bricks and light insulating bricks from inside to outside respectively;
the vertical wall at the farthest end from the first spray gun adopts the same composition as the fire dike of the tank area, and the heat-insulating fireproof material testing unit comprises heat-insulating fireproof paint sprayed on the vertical wall at the farthest end from the first spray gun;
the sand plugging testing unit comprises a sand remote spraying device, wherein the sand remote spraying device comprises an air compressor, a feeding cylinder, a second valve, a first pipeline and a second spray gun, the feeding cylinder and the air compressor are respectively connected with the second spray gun through the first pipeline, the second valve is used for controlling the falling of sand in the feeding cylinder, when the feeding cylinder is filled with sand, the second valve is opened when the air compressor is started, the sand falls, the sand is carried out by gas provided by the air compressor, and the sand is sprayed into the oil groove;
the process pipeline comprises an oil pipeline and a reflux pipeline, the process pipeline comprises a first valve, a multistage pump, a pressure stabilizing valve, a pressure gauge and a flowmeter, one end of the oil pipeline is connected to the oil tank, the other end of the oil pipeline is connected to the loop diverter, the first valve, the multistage pump, the pressure stabilizing valve, the pressure gauge and the flowmeter are respectively arranged on the oil pipeline from front to back, and the reflux pipeline is connected to the oil pipeline between the multistage pump and the pressure stabilizing valve;
the foam fire extinguishing performance and parameter testing unit is used for testing the influence of spray guns arranged in different directions and angles on the flow fire extinguishing effect, and comprises a positive pressure type foam fire extinguishing device, wherein the bottom of the positive pressure type foam fire extinguishing device is connected with a multi-way valve through a second pipeline, the multi-way valve divides foam generated in the positive pressure type foam fire extinguishing device into a plurality of parts, and the other end of each pipeline connected with the multi-way valve is connected with a third spray gun;
the multi-way valve is at least connected with three pipelines, and a third spray gun connected with each pipeline is respectively arranged at the front, the rear and one side of the oil groove;
the data measurement unit include heat flow meter, temperature sensor, data acquisition ware, computer and high definition digtal camera, the heat flow meter be provided with a plurality ofly, and evenly distributed be in the periphery of oil groove, temperature sensor arrange the top of oil groove, high definition digtal camera be provided with two at least, and be located the both sides of oil groove, heat flow meter and temperature sensor pass through the data line with data acquisition ware connect, data acquisition ware pass through the net twine with the computer connect.
2. The method for simulating and rescuing the flame flowing in the tank farm is characterized by adopting the system for simulating and rescuing the flame flowing in the tank farm according to claim 1, and sequentially comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing, namely filling the oil tank with required oil products, and ensuring that measuring instruments and signals in a data measuring unit are normal;
s2, measuring, namely providing oil with constant pressure into the annular pipe diverter through the oil tank, wherein the symmetrical communication structure of the annular pipe diverter can ensure that the pressure inside the annular pipe diverter is identical everywhere, so that the pressure of each first spray gun is identical, and the types of the first spray guns are identical, so that the sprayed flowing oil can be uniformly distributed;
s3, adjusting the lifting angle of the pitching mechanism and the spraying pressure of the first spray gun, controlling the position of a drop point for spraying oil and the kinetic energy of spraying the oil, and spraying sand walls with different thicknesses and heights at any position of the oil groove by controlling the position and the angle of the second spray gun, so as to test the height of the oil, and obtaining the requirements of the flow velocity on the height and the thickness of the sand walls to obtain a functional relation between the height and the height of the sand walls and the flow velocity of the oil; the performance of the heat-insulating fireproof paint on the fire dike when flowing fire with different pressure and flow rate can be tested by adjusting the outlet pressure of the third spray gun and the angle of the pitching mechanism, and the optimal heat-insulating fireproof paint is optimized;
s4, shooting by a high-definition camera, and researching the flow rate of the oil product; controlling the position and the ignition time of the movable ignition gun, and researching the relation between the flow rate of the unburned oil and the fire spreading rate; and the heat radiation condition around the flowing fire is researched through the heat flow data acquired by the heat flow meter, and the temperature distribution of the flame and the air at the upper part of the flowing fire is researched through the data acquired by the temperature sensor.
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