CN113030151B - Device and method for testing liquefaction rate of low-temperature gas liquefaction device - Google Patents
Device and method for testing liquefaction rate of low-temperature gas liquefaction device Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 helium and neon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for testing the liquefaction rate of a low-temperature gas liquefaction device, wherein the testing device comprises a liquid storage tank, a rewarming heat exchanger and a gas supply system which are sequentially connected through a pipeline and can form a circulation loop with a liquefaction device to be tested; during detection, the to-be-detected liquefying device is arranged between the gas supply system and the liquid storage tank; a flow controller and a pressure sensor I are arranged on a pipeline between the gas supply system and the liquefaction device to be tested, and the pressure sensor I is arranged close to the liquefaction device to be tested; a temperature sensor I is arranged on a pipeline between the liquefaction device to be tested and the liquid storage tank; the liquid storage tank is provided with a pressure sensor II, and a temperature sensor II, a heater I and a liquid level meter are arranged in the liquid storage tank. The testing device of the invention only needs a small amount of gas which is repeatedly used, does not need a large-scale low-temperature container, does not produce a large amount of low-temperature liquefied gas, reduces the requirements on testing sites, fire protection and safety protection and the testing cost, and is particularly suitable for batch testing of large-scale production of liquefying devices.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of performance detection of low-temperature engineering equipment products, and particularly relates to a device and a method for testing the liquefaction rate of a low-temperature gas liquefaction device.
Background
Helium, neon, hydrogen, natural gas and other gases are essential industrial gases and energy gases in national economic development. These gases are generally stored and transported on a large scale in the form of cryogenic liquefied gases.
A cryogenic gas liquefaction plant (hereinafter referred to as a liquefaction plant) is an important chemical plant for cooling and liquefying cryogenic gas from room temperature. The liquefaction rate is an important technical index of the product of the liquefaction device, and is defined as the mass of gas which can be liquefied by the liquefaction device in unit time. The conventional method for measuring the liquefaction rate of a liquefaction device is to introduce low-temperature gas into the liquefaction device, then convey the liquefied low-temperature liquefied gas product into a low-temperature container, and calculate the average liquefaction rate by measuring the liquid amount in the low-temperature container within a certain time. This conventional method is suitable for deployment of the liquefaction plant after it is installed in place at the customer site.
However, for a standardized liquefaction device product produced in large quantities, the liquefaction rate test must be performed in a manufacturing factory after the product is off-line, which is a quality detection process necessary for standardized products, and not only can ensure the quality reliability and consistency of the product when delivered from a factory, but also can replace the test in a customer site with a standardized test process performed in a factory, thereby reducing the test cost. Standardized liquefaction plant products are not suitable for testing at liquefaction plant product manufacturing plants using conventional liquefaction rate testing methods because such methods suffer from the following disadvantages:
the traditional liquefaction rate testing method is an open flow, in order to ensure the test for a certain time, a large enough low-temperature container is additionally arranged to store a large amount of low-temperature liquefied gas generated by the test, the cost of the large low-temperature container is high (especially the low-temperature containers of hydrogen and helium), and the investment of a manufacturing factory is greatly increased;
for the mass storage of combustible and explosive gases such as hydrogen, natural gas and the like, higher requirements of land occupation, fire protection, safety protection and the like are put forward for a storage site, and the investment (land, fire protection and safety facilities) and operation (personnel, training, inspection and supervision) cost of a manufacturing factory are greatly increased;
the manufacturing plant lacks a large amount of ways for consuming low-temperature liquefied gas, the traditional liquefaction rate testing method only can be used for emptying liquefied gas, certain safety risks exist for flammable and explosive gases such as hydrogen, natural gas and the like in an emptying mode, and obviously higher software and hardware requirements are provided for the safety design and operation of the manufacturing plant; for noble gases such as helium and neon, the gas consumed by the test will be the cost of the test and greatly increase the cost of the test.
Therefore, there is a need for a low-cost, high-safety liquefaction amount testing method and apparatus that can be implemented in equipment manufacturing plants for mass-produced standardized liquefaction apparatus products.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a device for testing the liquefaction rate of a low-temperature gas liquefaction device and a method for testing the liquefaction rate of the liquefaction device by using the device, aiming at the problems that the liquefaction rate of a large-scale standardized liquefaction device is high in investment and operation cost because the traditional method is adopted in a liquefaction device product manufacturing factory.
A device for testing the liquefaction rate of a low-temperature gas liquefaction device comprises a liquid storage tank, a rewarming heat exchanger and a gas supply system, wherein the liquid storage tank, the rewarming heat exchanger and the gas supply system are sequentially connected through a pipeline and can form a circulation loop with a liquefaction device to be tested; during detection, the to-be-detected liquefying device is arranged between the air outlet of the air supply system and the liquid inlet of the liquid storage tank;
a flow controller and a pressure sensor I are arranged on a pipeline between the gas supply system and the to-be-tested liquefying device, and the pressure sensor I is arranged close to the to-be-tested liquefying device; a temperature sensor I is arranged on a pipeline between the liquefaction device to be tested and the liquid storage tank;
and the liquid storage tank is provided with a pressure sensor II, and a temperature sensor II, a heater I and a liquid level meter are arranged in the liquid storage tank.
The liquefaction ratio of a liquefaction plant is defined as the pressure p at a certain liquid outlet (liquefaction plant outlet) for a certain gas substance l Lower, the flow rate at which the liquid outlet obtains 100% saturated liquid gas
In the testing device, during detection, the gas supply system, the liquefaction device to be tested, the liquid storage tank and the rewarming heat exchanger are sequentially connected to form a testing circulation loop. The gas supply system provides liquefied gas to be liquefied for the liquefaction device to be tested, and the liquefied gas liquefied by the liquefaction device to be tested flows into the liquid storage tank; when the height of the liquid level in the liquid storage tank reaches a set value, a heater I in the liquid storage tank starts to heat, so that the liquid gas in the liquid storage tank is partially converted into a gaseous form, and the liquid level in the liquid storage tank is kept unchanged; the gas in the liquid storage tank enters the gas supply system again for recycling through the rewarming heat exchanger; under the condition that the inlet pressure of the to-be-detected liquefaction device and the pressure of the liquid storage tank reach respective set values (or meet a set range), when the outlet temperature of the to-be-detected liquefaction device is equal to the temperature in the liquid storage tank, and the content of liquid gas in the outlet gas of the to-be-detected liquefaction device is 100%, it is indicated that the liquefaction rate of the to-be-detected liquefaction device is equal to the evaporation rate of the liquid gas in the liquid storage tank, and at this time, the total flow of the to-be-detected gas in the circulation loop is the liquefaction rate of the to-be-detected liquefaction device.
In the above test process, the pressure sensor I is used for detecting the inlet pressure p of the liquefaction device to be tested 1 The pressure sensor II is used for detecting the pressure p in the liquid storage tank 2 The gas supply system being based on p monitored in real time 1 、p 2 Adjusting the working parameters in the gas supply system to provide the circulation loop with the pressure (p) set by the test condition 1,set 、p 2,set ). The level gauge is used for detecting the liquid level of liquid gas in the liquid storage tank, and the heater I works according to the measurement value of the level gauge, so that the liquid level in the liquid storage tank is kept unchanged. The rewarming heat exchanger is used for heating the low-temperature gas flowing out of the liquid storage tank to a room temperature state.
Above-mentioned testing arrangement through forming circulation circuit with the liquefaction device that awaits measuring, makes and treats that liquefied gas can be circulated use, need not large-scale low temperature container and holds the low temperature liquefied gas that the test gained, can not produce the loss of a large amount of low temperature liquefied gas emptyings yet, and the structural composition is simple, has reduced the occupation of land to the test place, fire control and safety protection's requirement, has also greatly reduced the cost of test, and the mill that is particularly useful for producing a large amount of standardized liquefaction device products carries out batch test to standard product.
The invention can detect the liquefaction rate of different working medium gas (helium, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and the like) liquefaction devices. When the hydrogen liquefying device is detected, preferably, the liquefying device to be detected is the hydrogen liquefying device, the testing device further comprises a normal-secondary hydrogen reactor arranged between the rewarming heat exchanger and the gas supply system, and a normal-secondary hydrogen content measuring device for measuring the normal-secondary hydrogen content at the outlet of the normal-secondary hydrogen reactor and the outlet of the liquefying device to be detected.
In the scheme, the normal-secondary hydrogen reactor has the function of enabling the refluxed non-equilibrium hydrogen with high secondary hydrogen content to be converted into equilibrium hydrogen at room temperature in an accelerating way (the normal hydrogen content is 75%, and the secondary hydrogen content is 25%). The device for measuring the content of the parahydrogen is used for checking whether the content of the parahydrogen in the liquid hydrogen produced by the hydrogen liquefying device to be measured meets the standard requirement (the content of the parahydrogen is more than or equal to 95 percent) or not and checking whether the hydrogen passing through the normal-parahydrogen reactor is fully reacted or not so as to reach the equilibrium state at room temperature.
Preferably, the testing device further comprises an insulating environment system, and the liquid storage tank is suspended in the insulating environment system through an insulating support. The heat insulation environment system is arranged to reduce heat leakage between the liquid storage tank and the environment and improve measurement accuracy.
Preferably, the heat insulation environment system is a vacuum heat insulation environment box adopting a low-temperature refrigerator, and sequentially comprises a vacuum heat insulation cavity, a high-vacuum multilayer heat insulation layer and a radiation screen from outside to inside;
the vacuum heat insulation environment box further comprises a low-temperature refrigerator, and a cold head of the low-temperature refrigerator is connected with the radiation screen.
Specifically, the vacuum heat insulation cavity is a closed cavity body, and the vacuum degree is maintained at 1E -3 Pa above, which is used for eliminating heat conduction and convection leakage between the liquid storage tank and the external environment; the low-temperature refrigerator is arranged on the vacuum heat insulation cavity, a cold head of the low-temperature refrigerator extends into the vacuum heat insulation cavity, and the cold head of the low-temperature refrigerator is connected with the radiation screen arranged in the vacuum heat insulation cavity and used for cooling the radiation screen to the liquefaction temperature of the low-temperature gas to be measured; the outer surface of the radiation screen is wrapped by high-vacuum multi-layer heat insulation, and the function of the radiation screen is to eliminate the liquid storage tank and the vacuum heat insulation cavityRadiant heat leakage in between; the heat insulation support is connected with the cold head of the low-temperature refrigerator and the liquid storage tank, and the liquid storage tank is suspended in the radiation screen under the action of the heat insulation support; in the testing process, the temperature of one end of the heat insulation support connected with the cold head of the low-temperature refrigerator is controlled to be the liquefaction temperature of the low-temperature gas to be tested, so that heat conduction and heat leakage between the liquid storage tank and the vacuum heat insulation cavity are eliminated.
Still more preferably, the cryocooler is a Gifford-McMahon cooler, a stirling cooler, a pulse tube cooler, a turbobrayton cooler or a Joule-Thomson throttle cooler.
As a further preferred scheme, the low-temperature refrigerator comprises a compressor and a cold head, and a thermometer and a heater II are further arranged on the cold head of the low-temperature refrigerator and used for measuring and controlling the refrigerating temperature of the refrigerator.
Preferably, the gas supply system comprises a gas reservoir, a compressor and a bypass control valve which are respectively connected through three parallel pipelines;
a gas return control valve positioned at the inlet of the gas storage and a gas supplementing control valve positioned at the outlet of the gas storage are arranged on the parallel pipeline where the gas storage is positioned;
the inlet of the air reservoir, the outlet of the compressor and the inlet of the bypass valve are communicated with an air outlet pipeline of the air supply system through corresponding parallel pipelines, and a high-pressure stop valve is arranged on the air outlet pipeline; the outlet of the air reservoir, the inlet of the compressor and the outlet of the bypass valve are communicated with an air return pipeline of the air supply system through corresponding parallel pipelines, and a low-pressure stop valve is arranged on the air return pipeline.
It should be noted that, the "parallel connection" mentioned in the above technical solution is only for explaining the arrangement relationship of the three pipelines, and the flow direction of the working medium therein is not limited.
In the technical scheme, the gas reservoir is a container or a gas bottle for storing high-pressure gas; the bypass control valve is used for controlling the pressure difference between the inlet and the outlet of the compressor by adjusting the bypass flow, and then controlling the pressure of the liquid storage tank; the outlet of the gas reservoir is provided with a gas supplementing control valve which is used for opening the control valve when the high pressure of the test cycle is insufficient for measuring the pressure, so that the gas in the middle pressure in the gas reservoir flows into the cycle to supplement the gas; the inlet of the gas reservoir is provided with a return control valve which is used for opening the control valve when the high-pressure measurement of the test cycle is overhigh, so that the gas in the cycle flows back to the gas reservoir with the medium pressure to realize gas return; therefore, the circulation, air supply, air return and air storage functions of the air supply system are realized, the recycling of the gas to be tested in the whole testing circulation loop is realized, and the adjustment of all relevant parameters is realized.
When the air return control valve and the air supplement control valve are closed, the compressor is started, at the moment, a part of high-pressure gas discharged from the outlet of the compressor flows back to the inlet of the compressor through a pipeline where the bypass control valve is located, a part of gas enters the to-be-tested liquefying device through an air outlet pipeline where the high-pressure stop valve is located, and the liquid storage tank finally passes through an air return pipeline where the low-pressure stop valve is located and then is combined with the bypass gas to return to the inlet of the compressor. When the air supply control valve is opened, the gas returned by the gas return pipeline, the bypass gas and the air supply from the gas reservoir are combined and then returned to the inlet of the compressor. When the air return control valve is opened, one part of high-pressure gas discharged by the compressor returns to the gas storage, one part of high-pressure gas returns to the inlet of the compressor through a pipeline where the bypass control valve is located, and the other part of high-pressure gas enters the testing circulating pipeline for testing.
More preferably, the testing device further comprises a controller, wherein the controller receives a pressure signal of the pressure sensor I and controls the opening of the air supply control valve and the opening of the air return control valve according to the signal; for example, when the pressure signal of the pressure sensor I is smaller than a set value, the opening degree of the gas supplementing control valve is increased to increase the inlet pressure p of the liquefaction device to be detected 1 (ii) a On the contrary, the opening degree of the air return control valve is increased to reduce the inlet pressure p of the to-be-detected liquefaction device 1 . Meanwhile, the controller receives a pressure signal of the pressure sensor II and controls the opening of the bypass control valve according to the signal; for example, by adjusting the opening of the bypass control valve or p when the pressure signal of the pressure sensor II is detected to deviate from a set value 1,set So as to increase or decrease the pressure difference between the two, and further increase the pressure in the liquid storage tank.
Optionally, the low-pressure stop valve and the high-pressure stop valve are both solenoid valves, and the opening degree is controlled by the controller, so that the automation of adjusting each parameter in the testing process is realized.
Preferably, the rewarming heat exchanger is an air bath heat exchanger, a water bath heat exchanger, an electric heating heat exchanger, or a combined heat exchanger adopting the above different forms.
Preferably, the pipeline between the liquefaction device and the liquid storage tank is a low-temperature heat insulation pipeline. Therefore, heat leakage between liquefied gas in the low-temperature heat insulation pipeline and the environment is further reduced, and the test accuracy is improved.
A method of measuring the liquefaction rate of a liquefaction plant using a test unit as defined in any preceding claim, comprising the steps of:
(1) starting the liquefaction device to be tested, cooling the liquefaction device, and adjusting control parameters of the liquefaction device to be tested to enable the liquefaction device to be stabilized to a working condition state to be tested;
(2) starting the gas supply system to enable the pressure set value of the liquid storage tank to be the designed pressure of the outlet of the liquefaction device to be tested, adjusting the pressure set value of the inlet of the liquefaction device to be the designed pressure of the inlet of the liquefaction device to be tested, and enabling the total flow set value of the test cycle to be the designed liquefaction rate of the liquefaction device to be tested to serve as an initial state;
(3) when the liquid level of the liquid storage tank reaches a set height, a heater I in the liquid storage tank is started, and the heating power of the heater I is adjusted until the liquid level in the liquid storage tank is kept unchanged;
(4) all working condition parameters of the device to be liquefied tend to be in a stable state (namely p) 1 And p 2 Close to a set value), adjusting the total flow of the test cycle until the temperature in the liquid storage tank is equal to the outlet temperature of the to-be-tested liquefaction device, and the content of liquid gas in the outlet gas (liquid gas) of the to-be-tested liquefaction device is 100% or close to 100%, so that the liquefaction rate of the liquefaction device is the total flow of the current test cycle.
Preferably, before starting the liquefaction device under test, the following preparation operations are carried out:
a. initially, the gas supply system is filled with enough gas to be detected and is in a closed state;
b. connecting a to-be-tested liquefaction device with the test device through a pipeline, vacuumizing the whole test circulation pipeline, and finally filling a certain amount of to-be-tested gas to enable the pressure in the to-be-tested circulation pipeline to be about the outlet pressure of the to-be-tested liquefaction device;
in the operation, in order to ensure that no air exists in the test circulating pipeline, the test circulating pipeline can be vacuumized and filled with gas to be tested, and the operation is circulated for 3-4 times; when the gas to be measured is a single gas, the purity of the gas to be measured is more than 99.99%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages: the invention provides a closed cycle-based steady-state working condition liquefaction rate testing device, which is used for testing cycle, only needs a small amount of repeatedly used working medium gas, does not need a large-scale low-temperature container to contain low-temperature liquefied gas obtained by testing, does not generate loss of emptying a large amount of low-temperature liquefied gas, reduces the requirements on floor occupation, fire protection and safety protection of a testing site, greatly reduces the testing cost, and is particularly suitable for a factory for producing a large amount of standardized liquefaction device products to carry out batch testing on standard products.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a first embodiment of a liquefaction rate test device of a cryogenic gas liquefaction plant according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a second embodiment of the liquefaction rate test device of the cryogenic gas liquefaction device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a third embodiment of the liquefaction rate test unit of the cryogenic gas liquefaction device of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a gas supply system in a liquefaction rate test device of a cryogenic gas liquefaction device according to the present invention.
Wherein: 1. an air supply system; 2. a flow controller; 3. a pressure sensor I; 4. a liquefaction device to be tested; 5. a temperature sensor I; 6. a liquid level meter; 7. a liquid storage tank; 8. a temperature sensor II; 9. an insulated environmental system; 10. a heater I; 11. a pressure sensor II; 12. a rewarming heat exchanger; 13. a positive secondary hydrogen reactor; 14. an orthosteric hydrogen content measuring device; 101. a gas reservoir; 102. a return air control valve; 103. a high pressure stop valve; 104. a bypass control valve; 105. a low pressure stop valve; 106. a compressor; 107. a gas supply control valve; 901. a cryogenic refrigerator; 902. high vacuum multi-layer insulation; 903. a radiation screen; 904. a vacuum insulation chamber; 905. heat insulation support; 911. a cold head of a low-temperature refrigerator.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, but the described embodiments are some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Other embodiments, which are not inventive by the person skilled in the art, are within the scope of protection of the present invention, based on the embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, a liquefaction rate testing device of a low-temperature gas liquefaction device comprises a liquid storage tank 7, a rewarming heat exchanger 12 and a gas supply system 1 which are sequentially connected through a pipeline and can form a circulation loop with a liquefaction device 4 to be tested; during detection, the to-be-detected liquefying device 4 is positioned between the outlet of the gas supply system 1 and the liquid inlet of the liquid storage tank 7;
a flow controller 2 and a pressure sensor I3 which are used for detecting the flow of working media in the corresponding pipeline are arranged on the pipeline between the gas supply system 1 and the to-be-detected liquefying device 4, and the pressure sensor I3 is arranged close to the to-be-detected liquefying device 4; a temperature sensor I5 is arranged on a pipeline between the liquefaction device 4 to be tested and the liquid storage tank 7;
the liquid storage tank 7 is provided with a pressure sensor II 11, and a temperature sensor II 8, a heater I10 and a liquid level meter 6 are arranged in the pressure sensor II;
the testing device also comprises an insulating environment system 9, and the liquid storage tank 7 is arranged in the insulating environment system 9 so as to reduce heat leakage between the liquid storage tank 7 and the environment.
In the testing process, the pressure sensor I3 is used for detecting the inlet pressure p of the liquefying device 4 to be tested 1 The pressure sensor II 11 is used for detecting the pressure p in the liquid storage tank 7 2 (ii) a Temperature sensor I5 is used for detecting the temperature of the liquefaction device outlet working medium that awaits measuring, and temperature sensor II 8 is used for detecting the working medium temperature in liquid storage pot 7. Signals obtained by the pressure sensor I3 and the pressure sensor II 11 are transmitted to the air supply system 1, and a controller (which can be a worker) for controlling the air supply system 1Industrial computers, integrated control boards or boards, etc.) provide the high and low pressure set for the test conditions for the test cycle.
The liquid level meter is used for detecting the liquid level of liquid gas in the liquid storage tank 7, a measurement signal of the liquid level meter 6 is fed back to the heater I10, and the liquid level height is kept unchanged and maintained at a set height by controlling the power of the heater I10 (or controlling the heater through a controller) during testing.
As shown in fig. 4, the gas supply system 1 includes a gas reservoir 101, a compressor 106, and a bypass control valve 104, which are connected by three parallel pipes. An inlet of the air reservoir 101 is provided with a return control valve 102, and an outlet is provided with a supplementary control valve 107;
the gas reservoir 101 is a container or a gas cylinder for storing high-pressure gas, and has two pipeline interfaces of high pressure and low pressure, the low pressure interface is an outlet of the gas reservoir, and the high pressure interface is an inlet of the gas reservoir.
A high-pressure stop valve 103 is arranged at a high-pressure outlet (or an air outlet pipeline of the air supply system) of a parallel pipeline formed by the air reservoir 101, the compressor 106 and the bypass control valve 104, and a low-pressure stop valve 105 is arranged at a low-pressure inlet (or an air return pipeline of the air supply system); the low-pressure stop valve 105 is connected with the outlet of the liquid storage tank 7 through a pipeline, and the high-pressure stop valve 103 is connected with the flow controller 2 through a pipeline.
In the present embodiment, the liquefaction rate of the to-be-tested liquefaction device 4 is measured under a specific condition, and the steps and the operation principle are as follows (it should be noted that the following "(1)" to "(11)" are not strictly limited to the operation steps, for example, the steps (1) to (7) are mainly for the description of the initial state or the control logic of the device, and the latter may occur in the whole process of the test):
(1) initially, a high-pressure stop valve 103 and a low-pressure stop valve 105 in the gas supply system 1 are in a closed state, and a certain amount of gas to be detected is filled in a pipeline and a gas reservoir 101 of the gas supply system 1;
(2) connecting the liquefaction device 4 to be tested with a test device through a pipeline as shown in figure 1;
(3) after the system is installed, the whole test circulation pipeline is vacuumized to 10 DEG -1 Pa or so, thenFilling gas to be tested (if the gas to be tested is single gas, the gas to be tested is required to be high-purity gas with the purity of more than 99.99 percent), keeping for about 5 minutes, and vacuumizing the circulating pipeline to 10 degrees -1 About Pa. After the gas is repeatedly pumped in vacuum and inflated for 3 to 4 times, a certain amount of gas to be measured is finally inflated, so that the initial pressure in the circulating pipeline to be measured is about the outlet pressure p of the liquefying device 4 to be measured l ；
(4) And (3) closing the return control valve 102 and the supplementary control valve 107, fully opening the bypass control valve 104, the high-pressure stop valve 103 and the low-pressure stop valve 105, closing the heater I10 in the liquid storage tank 7, starting the compressor 106, returning most of the gas passing through the compressor 106 to the inlet of the compressor 106 through the bypass control valve 104, and returning only a small amount of the gas to the inlet of the compressor 106 through the high-pressure stop valve 103 and the flowmeter 2 and sequentially passing through the liquefaction device 4 to be tested, the liquid storage tank 7 and the rewarming heat exchanger 12.
(5) The gas supply system 1 controls the inlet pressure p of the liquefaction device 4 to be tested 1 The principle of (1) is as follows:
a. the volume of the air reservoir 101 is large enough, and the air charging quantity is that the pressure of the air reservoir is always in the middle of the inlet-outlet pressure of the compressor 106;
b. if p is 1 ＞p 1,set The make-up control valve 107 is closed and the return control valve 102 is opened to return a portion of the gas to the reservoir 101, and the gas flow decreases during the test cycle, at p 2,set Without change, p 1 Decreasing;
c. if p is 1 ＜p 1,set After opening the make-up control valve 107 and closing the return control valve 102, a portion of the gas is allowed to flow out of the gas reservoir 101, and the gas amount increases in the test cycle, at p 2,set Without change, p 1 (ii) is raised;
wherein p is 1,set 、p 2,set The set values of the pressure sensor I and the pressure sensor II are respectively determined by the inlet design pressure and the outlet design pressure of the liquefaction device to be tested.
(6) The gas supply system 1 controls the pressure p of the liquid storage tank 7 2 The principle of (1) is as follows:
a. if p is 2 ＞p 2,set And is andif bypass valve 104 is not yet fully closed, then p is maintained 1,set The opening degree of the bypass control valve 104 is reduced to reduce the bypass flow rate and increase p 1 And p 2 Thereby reducing p 2 ；
b. If p is 2 ＞p 2,set And the bypass control valve 104 has been fully closed, then p is decreased 1,set Thereby reducing p 2 ；
c. If p is 2 ＜p 2,set And the bypass control valve 104 has not yet been fully opened, then p is held 1,set The opening degree of the bypass control valve 104 is increased to increase the bypass flow rate and decrease p 1 And p 2 Thereby increasing p 2 ；
d. If p is 2 ＜p 2,set And the bypass control valve 104 has been fully opened, p is increased 1,set Thereby increasing p 2 。
(7) Air supply system 1 controls the total flow of test cycles
The principle of (1) is as follows:
a. if it is
Hold p 2,set Unchanged, increase p 1,set Thereby increasing the pressure difference at the inlet and the outlet of the air supply system 1, and the total flow rate is basically unchanged because the impedance of the pipeline system outside the air supply system 1
Increasing;
b. if it is
Hold p 2,set Unchanged, decrease p 1,set Thereby reducing the pressure difference at the inlet and the outlet of the air supply system 1, and the total flow rate is basically unchanged because the impedance of the pipeline system outside the air supply system 1
Decrease;
wherein,
is a set value of the flow controller 2.
(8) Setting the pressure of the liquid storage tank 7 to the outlet pressure of the liquefaction device 4 to be tested, namely p 2,set ＝p l (ii) a Setting the total flow of the test cycle as the designed liquefaction rate of the liquefaction device 4 to be tested
(9) Starting the to-be-tested liquefying device 4, starting cooling, wherein the gas in the circulation is cooled in the cooling process, so that the average pressure in the circulation loop is reduced, and the total circulation flow is reduced; therefore, in order to maintain the flow rate, the gas supply system 1 will continuously perform the step (5.c) of replenishing the gas in the gas reservoir 106 into the test circulation line;
(10) gradually generating liquid to be accumulated in the liquid storage tank 7 along with the temperature reduction of the to-be-detected liquefying device 4, continuously increasing the liquid level in the liquid storage tank 7, opening a heater I10 in the liquid storage tank 7 when the reading of the liquid level meter 6 reaches about 1/3 of the total amount, evaporating the liquid in the liquid storage tank 7, controlling the heating power of the heater I to maintain the liquid level height unchanged, namely controlling the evaporation rate of the liquid in the liquid storage tank 7 to be equal to the liquid flow from the to-be-detected liquefying device 4;
(11) waiting for each working condition parameter of the liquefying device 4 to be tested to be in a stable state, and comparing the temperature T in the liquid storage tank 7 2 (measured by a temperature sensor II) and the temperature T of the liquid outlet pipeline of the liquefying device 4 to be measured 1 (measured by temperature sensor I) and operated accordingly as follows:
a. if T is 2 ＞T 1 The supercooled liquid flows out of the liquid outlet of the to-be-tested liquefying device 4, and the liquid content in the product of the to-be-tested liquefying device 4 is x l When the ratio is 100%, increase
To increase
Repeating the step (11) until T 2 ＝T 1 And carrying out step b;
b. if T is 2 ＝T 1 The outflow of the liquid outlet of the to-be-tested liquefaction device is a saturated vapor-liquid mixture or liquid gas, and the liquid content in the product of the to-be-tested liquefaction device 4 is as follows:
wherein,
for this purpose, the heater I heats power,
is the amount of heat leakage, Δ h, between the liquid storage tank 7 and the surrounding environment l-v Is T 2 Latent heat of vaporization of the lower gas. Since the liquid storage tank is placed in the thermally insulated environmental system 9, it is possible to provide a system which is very efficient in terms of the storage of liquid
Tends to 0.
The product content of the liquefaction apparatus 4 currently under test is
According to
Calculate x l According to x l The following steps are carried out according to the situation:
b-1, when x l When the concentration is less than 100%, the outflow of the liquid outlet of the liquefaction device 4 to be tested is saturated vapor-liquid mixture, and the vapor amount of the liquid outlet mouth of the liquefaction device 4 to be tested is x v ＝1-x l Then decrease
To reduce
Repeating the step (11) until x l ＝100％；
b-2, when x l When the total flow rate is 100%, it indicates that the outflow of the liquid outlet of the liquefaction device 4 to be measured is 100% of saturated liquid, and the liquefaction rate of the liquefaction device 4 to be measured under this working condition is the measured total flow rate of the circulation, that is, the total flow rate is
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 2, the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in the following point:
in order to enable the liquefaction rate testing device of the low-temperature gas liquefaction device to test the liquefaction rate of the hydrogen liquefaction device, an orthohydrogen and parahydrogen reactor 13 is arranged between the rewarming heat exchanger 12 and the compressor 106, wherein a sufficient amount of an orthohydrogen and parahydrogen catalyst and a heating device are arranged, and the function of the orthohydrogen and parahydrogen catalyst is to enable the refluxing non-equilibrium hydrogen with high parahydrogen content to be converted into equilibrium hydrogen at room temperature (orthohydrogen content is 75%, parahydrogen content is 25%) through accelerated reaction, and to ensure that the hydrogen which enters the liquefaction device 4 to be tested again in a testing cycle is the equilibrium hydrogen at room temperature;
the testing device of the embodiment further comprises an orthohydrops-sec hydrogen content measuring device 14 for sampling and measuring the liquid outlet of the to-be-tested liquefying device 4 and the outlet of the orthohydrops-sec reactor 13, and the testing device is used for testing whether the parahydrogen content of the liquid hydrogen produced by the to-be-tested liquefying device 4 meets the standard requirement (the parahydrogen content is more than or equal to 95%) and testing whether the hydrogen gas at the outlet of the orthohydrops-sec reactor 13 has fully reacted to reach the equilibrium state at room temperature.
Example 3:
as shown in fig. 3, a liquefaction rate testing device of a cryogenic gas liquefaction device, in the present embodiment, a vacuum thermal insulation environment tank cooled by a cryogenic refrigerator is adopted as a thermal insulation environment system, and the difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is that:
the heat insulation environment system 9 comprises a low-temperature refrigerator 901, a vacuum heat insulation cavity 904, a radiation screen 903 and high-vacuum multi-layer heat insulation902. A thermally insulating support 905; the vacuum insulation chamber 904 is a closed chamber body and maintains a vacuum degree of 10 -3 Pa above, which is used for eliminating heat conduction and convection between the liquid storage tank 7 and the external environment.
The cryogenic refrigerator 901 is arranged on a vacuum heat insulation cavity 904, a cold head 911 of the cryogenic refrigerator extends into the vacuum heat insulation cavity 904, and the cold head 911 of the cryogenic refrigerator is connected with the radiation screen 903 arranged in the vacuum heat insulation cavity 904 and used for cooling the radiation screen 903 to the liquefaction temperature of the measured cryogenic gas.
The radiation screen 903 is surrounded by a high vacuum multi-layer insulation 902, which acts to eliminate radiant heat leakage between the tank 7 and the vacuum insulation chamber 904. The heat insulation support 905 is connected with the cold head 911 and the liquid storage tank 7 of the low-temperature refrigerator, the liquid storage tank 7 is suspended in the radiation screen 903 in effect, and the temperature of one end of the heat insulation support connected with the cold head 911 of the refrigerator is controlled to be low-temperature gas p to be detected in the test process l Corresponding saturation temperature T c ＝T sat,fld (p l ) Thereby eliminating heat conduction and heat leakage between the liquid storage tank 7 and the vacuum insulation cavity 904.
The low-temperature heat-insulating environment system 9 provided by the embodiment can effectively control the heat leakage at an extremely small value, thereby improving the accuracy of measurement.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; the technical scheme of the embodiment can be modified, or part of technical features can be equivalently replaced; modifications and substitutions may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A device for testing the liquefaction rate of a low-temperature gas liquefaction device is characterized by comprising a liquid storage tank, a rewarming heat exchanger and a gas supply system which are sequentially connected through a pipeline and can form a circulation loop with a liquefaction device to be tested; during detection, the to-be-detected liquefying device is arranged between the air outlet of the air supply system and the liquid inlet of the liquid storage tank;
a flow controller and a pressure sensor I are arranged on a pipeline between the gas supply system and the to-be-tested liquefying device, and the pressure sensor I is arranged close to the to-be-tested liquefying device; a temperature sensor I is arranged on a pipeline between the liquefaction device to be tested and the liquid storage tank;
and the liquid storage tank is provided with a pressure sensor II, and a temperature sensor II, a heater I and a liquid level meter are arranged in the liquid storage tank.
2. The test device of claim 1, wherein the liquefaction device to be tested is a hydrogen liquefaction device, and the test device further comprises a normal-secondary hydrogen reactor arranged between the rewarming heat exchanger and a gas supply system, and a normal-secondary hydrogen content measurement device for measuring the normal-secondary hydrogen content at the outlet of the normal-secondary hydrogen reactor and the outlet of the liquefaction device to be tested.
3. The testing device of claim 1, further comprising an insulated environment system in which the fluid reservoir is suspended by an insulated support.
4. The test device according to claim 3, wherein the insulating environment system is a vacuum insulating environment box adopting a cryogenic refrigerator, and comprises a vacuum insulating cavity, a high-vacuum multilayer insulating layer and a radiation screen from outside to inside in sequence;
and the cold head of the low-temperature refrigerator is thermally connected with the radiation screen.
5. The test device of claim 4, wherein the cryocooler is a Gifford-McMahon cooler, a stirling cooler, a pulse tube cooler, a turbo brayton cooler, or a Joule-Thomson throttle cooler.
6. The testing device of claim 1, wherein the gas supply system comprises a gas reservoir, a compressor, a bypass control valve respectively connected by three parallel pipelines;
a gas return control valve positioned at an inlet of the gas storage and a gas supplementing control valve positioned at an outlet of the gas storage are arranged on the parallel connection pipeline where the gas storage is positioned;
the inlet of the air reservoir, the outlet of the compressor and the inlet of the bypass valve are communicated with an air outlet pipeline of the air supply system through corresponding parallel pipelines, and a high-pressure stop valve is arranged on the air outlet pipeline; the air reservoir outlet, the compressor inlet and the bypass valve outlet are communicated with an air return pipeline of the air supply system through corresponding parallel pipelines, and a low-pressure stop valve is arranged on the air return pipeline.
7. The test device according to claim 6, further comprising a controller, wherein the controller receives the pressure signal of the pressure sensor I and controls the opening of the air supply control valve and the air return control valve according to the signal; and meanwhile, the controller receives a pressure signal of the pressure sensor II and controls the opening of the bypass control valve according to the signal.
8. The testing device of claim 1, wherein the rewarming heat exchanger is an air bath heat exchanger, a water bath heat exchanger, an electrical heating heat exchanger, or a combination heat exchanger using the above different forms.
9. The test apparatus of claim 1, wherein the piping between the liquefaction apparatus and the storage tank is cryogenically insulated piping.
10. A method for measuring the liquefaction rate of a liquefaction plant by using the test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:
(1) starting the liquefaction device to be tested to stabilize the liquefaction device to be tested to a working condition state to be tested;
(2) starting the gas supply system, enabling the pressure set value of the liquid storage tank to be the designed pressure of the outlet of the liquefaction device to be tested, adjusting the pressure set value of the inlet of the liquefaction device to be tested to be the designed pressure of the inlet of the liquefaction device to be tested, and enabling the total flow set value of the test cycle to be the designed liquefaction rate of the liquefaction device to be tested to serve as an initial state;
(3) when the liquid level of the liquid storage tank reaches a set height, a heater I in the liquid storage tank is started, and the heating power of the heater I is adjusted until the liquid level in the liquid storage tank is kept unchanged;
(4) and (3) adjusting the set value of the total flow of the test circulation when all working condition parameters of the liquefaction device tend to be in a stable state until the temperature in the liquid storage tank is equal to the outlet temperature of the liquefaction device to be tested, and the content of the liquid gas in the outlet gas of the liquefaction device to be tested meets the set requirement, wherein the liquefaction rate of the liquefaction device is the total flow of the current test circulation.
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