CN113029571B - System and method for testing pollutant emission of hydraulic excavator - Google Patents
System and method for testing pollutant emission of hydraulic excavator Download PDFInfo
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- CN113029571B CN113029571B CN202110354838.0A CN202110354838A CN113029571B CN 113029571 B CN113029571 B CN 113029571B CN 202110354838 A CN202110354838 A CN 202110354838A CN 113029571 B CN113029571 B CN 113029571B
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M15/00—Testing of engines
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- G01M99/005—Testing of complete machines, e.g. washing-machines or mobile phones
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of engineering machinery, in particular to a system and a method for testing pollutant emission of a hydraulic excavator, wherein the system comprises an excavator pollutant emission monitoring module, an excavator working state monitoring module, a data acquisition module and a data analysis module; the excavator emission pollutant monitoring module is used for testing the content of exhaust nitrogen oxides and the exhaust flow; the excavator working state monitoring module is used for monitoring the engine state and the excavator state; the data acquisition module and the data analysis module are used for acquiring, storing and analyzing data. According to the technical scheme, the excavator emission monitoring and the working condition state monitoring are utilized, the working condition duty ratio is planned according to the loading characteristics, the emission under each load rate is reasonably estimated, and the testing comprehensiveness and accuracy are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of engineering machinery, in particular to a non-road engineering machinery emission test, and specifically relates to a system and a method for testing emission pollutants of a hydraulic excavator.
Background
In the field of emission testing, with the upgrading of national environmental regulations, the types of data to be detected by mechanical manufacturers are increasing. At present, the development of emission detection technology tends to be lower in cost, simpler and more convenient to measure more and more accurate data, and the test working condition is lack of research. The published implemented standards and regulations have very definite regulations on the duty ratio, the load interval and the actual load condition of the emission test working condition of the road machinery, so the loading mode is more strict; the load loading mode of the non-road machine has a great difference from that of the road machine, and the influence of different loading modes on the measurement result is far greater than the measurement error of the monitoring equipment. Therefore, aiming at the emission test of the non-road machinery, the test working condition is standardized, and the complete test system is provided for intelligently judging whether the test working condition accords with the preset, and is particularly important for improving the repeatability and reproducibility of the emission test of the whole machine.
The technical development at the present stage mainly focuses on measuring more and more accurate data by a low-cost and simpler method, but the load loading mode of non-road machinery has a great difference from that of road machinery, the influence of different load modes on the measuring result is far greater than the measuring error of monitoring equipment, and standard regulations do not require the load mode, so that the load mode is standardized, the load ratio is reasonably designed, whether the load mode is compliant or not is intelligently judged, and the method is particularly important for improving the repeatability and the reproducibility of the emission test of the whole machine. The existing non-road emission pollutant test system for excavators and the like focuses on how to quickly acquire accurate data, but the vehicle working condition and test method lack of research, and the influence of the loading rate on the emission level is difficult to accurately evaluate.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a system and a method for testing pollutant emission of a hydraulic excavator, which utilize the whole excavator emission monitoring technology to monitor operation state parameters and emission parameters in the operation process, standardize working condition operation methods and proportions, intelligently judge operation types and time occupation ratios, calculate specific emission of each working condition window period, eliminate errors caused by different operations, realize emission test full-state monitoring, guide actual operation, intelligently identify working conditions, automatically judge results and report, plan working condition occupation ratios according to loading characteristics by utilizing excavator emission monitoring and working condition state monitoring, reasonably evaluate emission under each load ratio, and improve test comprehensiveness and accuracy.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the hydraulic excavator emission pollutant test system comprises an excavator emission pollutant monitoring module, an excavator working state monitoring module, a data acquisition module and a data analysis module;
the excavator emission pollutant monitoring module is used for testing the content of exhaust nitrogen oxides and the exhaust flow;
the excavator working state monitoring module is used for monitoring the engine state and the excavator state;
the data acquisition module and the data analysis module are used for acquiring, storing and analyzing data. Recording measurement process data, and performing data analysis, working condition identification and specific emission calculation after the test is finished
Further, the engine state comprises rotation speed, torque, oil injection quantity, water temperature and air intake and exhaust quantity; the excavator state includes a work device attitude, a hydraulic system state.
Further, the working device posture calculating method comprises the following steps: the movement direction and the movement duration of the working device are calculated by using the displacement of the oil cylinder or the inclination angle of the oil cylinder or by using the pressure of the oil cylinder, the pilot pressure and the switch state of the operating handle.
Further, the hydraulic system state is measured by a pressure sensor and a flow sensor.
Further, the data analysis module has a database storage function.
Further, the data analysis module queries the corresponding working condition duty ratio according to the input vehicle information, judges the test compliance and automatically sends out a test report.
The invention also provides an excavator, which is provided with the hydraulic excavator emission pollutant testing system.
The invention also provides a method for testing the pollutant discharged by the hydraulic excavator, which comprises the following steps:
after the monitoring module is installed and confirms that the operation is normal, vehicle information is input;
starting an engine, recording data by adopting a data acquisition module, and starting test operation after the vehicle is heated;
in the operation process, the data acquisition module records emission and excavator state data, and after the acquisition is finished, the data analysis module eliminates invalid idle speed data according to the working state of the excavator, judges the operation working condition and screens test data according to the working condition type;
and taking the overall window specific emission and the working condition window specific emission as the basis for judging whether the window is in compliance or not, and giving a test report.
Further, the judging method of the working condition comprises the following steps:
judging whether walking is performed or not by identifying the walking pressure or the state of the walking pull rod;
judging whether the crushing is carried out or not through crushing pipeline pressure or a crushing switch;
dividing the displacement of the working device, the pressure change cycle frequency or the pilot pressure change cycle frequency into excavation and land leveling;
and judging whether the engine is idling or not according to the engine rotating speed, the torque percentage and the operating rod state.
Further, screening test data according to the working condition types, automatically judging the working condition duty ratio according to the result after screening, comparing the working condition duty ratio with a preset value, automatically deleting the working condition time period exceeding the working condition time period when the difference exceeds 10%, enabling the proportion of each working condition to be consistent with the preset value, and considering that the test fails if the proportion cannot be met after deleting.
Advantageous effects
1) The repeatability and reproducibility of the emission test of the hydraulic excavator are greatly improved;
2) The automatic identification of working conditions in the process of the emission test of the hydraulic excavator is realized;
3) The emission level evaluation is more comprehensive, and the risk of non-compliance of the emission level of the whole machine is reduced;
4) And the exhaust pollutant data and the working state data of the hydraulic excavator are synchronously collected, so that the associated evaluation of the working condition and the emission level is realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the technical scheme of the invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A hydraulic excavator emission pollutant test system comprises an excavator emission pollutant monitoring module, an excavator working state monitoring module, a data acquisition module, a data analysis module, an excavator emission pollutant test method and a test judgment program.
The excavator emission pollutant monitoring module comprises 1 nitrogen oxide sensor and 1 pitot tube flowmeter, or directly reads data such as nitrogen oxide concentration, air inlet flow, fuel consumption and the like sent by the engine ECU outwards, and is used for testing the exhaust nitrogen oxide content and the exhaust flow;
the excavator working condition monitoring module is used for monitoring the engine state and the excavator state. The engine state comprises parameters such as rotation speed, torque, oil injection quantity, water temperature, air intake and exhaust quantity and the like, and is obtained by reading the data of the engine ECU; the excavator state comprises a working device posture, a hydraulic system state and the like, and is obtained by installing a pressure sensor, a flowmeter, a gyroscope and a displacement sensor or obtaining signals of a preset sensor of the excavator, wherein the working device posture can be obtained by utilizing the displacement of an oil cylinder or the inclination angle of the oil cylinder, the movement direction and the movement duration of the working device can be calculated by utilizing the pressure of the oil cylinder, the pilot pressure and the switch state of an operating handle, and the hydraulic system state is measured by utilizing related pressure and flow sensors.
The data acquisition module and the data analysis module are used for acquiring, storing and analyzing data, recording measurement process data, carrying out data analysis, working condition identification and specific emission calculation after the test is finished, and the data analysis module has a database storage function and can query the corresponding working condition duty ratio according to the input vehicle information, judge the test compliance and automatically give a test report. The data acquisition processing module can adopt a computer or equipment with an operation processing function.
The testing method and the operation flow are as follows:
installing a monitoring module, and inputting information such as a vehicle model, engine power, reference torque, NRTC circulating work and the like after the installation is completed and the normal work is confirmed;
starting the engine, starting to record data, and collecting and storing all the data by the data collecting module. And after the water temperature rises to above 70 ℃ and does not change obviously, starting to perform test operation.
The working conditions include various common working conditions of the excavator. Each operation is set according to the time length, and the time duty ratio can be determined according to the tonnage of the vehicle and the corresponding market work condition duty ratio. In addition, different common engine speeds should be selected for operation under each working condition, and the time ratio of each speed should be as consistent as possible, and the maximum deviation of 10% is allowed. And when the accumulated work load of the engine reaches 5-7 times of NRTC (non-return time) circulating work or the time length reaches 2 hours, ending data acquisition.
In the operation process, the data acquisition module records the emission and excavator state data, and after the data acquisition is completed, the data analysis module eliminates invalid idle speed data according to the working state of the excavator, automatically judges the operation working condition and screens test data according to the working condition type. The method for distinguishing the working conditions can judge whether walking is performed or not by identifying the walking pressure or the state of the walking pull rod; judging whether the crushing is carried out or not through crushing pipeline pressure or a crushing switch; dividing the displacement of the working device, the pressure change cycle frequency or the pilot pressure change cycle frequency into excavation and land leveling; and judging whether the engine is idling or not according to the engine rotating speed, the torque percentage and the operating rod state. After screening, the duty ratio is automatically judged according to the result and is compared with a preset value, when the difference value exceeds 10%, the excessive duty period is automatically deleted, so that the proportion of each duty is consistent with the preset value, and if the proportion cannot be met after deletion, the test is considered to be failed.
According to the method for calculating the window ratio emission of the power base by taking NRTC cyclic power as a reference, after part of data is removed, the window ratio emission of the whole process is calculated. Meanwhile, a time window is divided by a single working condition, and the specific emission under the single working condition and the rotating speed is calculated.
And finally, taking the overall window ratio emission and the working condition window ratio emission as the basis for judging whether the window is compliant or not, and giving a test report, wherein the information on the test report comprises the following components: vehicle information, environmental information, operating condition information, process state information, operating condition correspondence ratio emissions, overall process ratio emissions, compliance decisions, and the like.
Interpretation of related terms:
PEMS-Portable emissions test System, regulations require specified emissions pollutant test systems, which can perform emissions pollutant content and complete machine status tests.
Claims (7)
1. The method for testing the pollutant emission of the hydraulic excavator is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
after the monitoring module is installed and confirms that the operation is normal, vehicle information is input; the monitoring module comprises an excavator emission pollutant monitoring module and an excavator working state monitoring module, wherein the excavator emission pollutant monitoring module is used for testing the content of exhaust nitrogen oxides and the exhaust flow; the excavator working state monitoring module is used for monitoring the engine state and the excavator state;
starting an engine, recording data by adopting a data acquisition module, and starting test operation after the vehicle is heated;
in the operation process, the data acquisition module records emission and excavator state data, and after the acquisition is finished, the data analysis module eliminates invalid idle speed data according to the working state of the excavator, judges the operation working condition and screens test data according to the working condition type;
taking the overall window specific emission and the working condition window specific emission as the basis for judging whether the window is compliant or not, and giving a test report;
the judging method of the working condition comprises the following steps: judging whether walking is performed or not by identifying the walking pressure or the state of the walking pull rod;
judging whether the crushing is carried out or not through crushing pipeline pressure or a crushing switch;
dividing the displacement of the working device, the pressure change cycle frequency or the pilot pressure change cycle frequency into excavation and land leveling;
judging whether the engine is idling or not according to the rotation speed, the torque percentage and the operating rod state of the engine;
according to the working condition type screening test data, after screening, the working condition duty ratio is automatically judged according to the result and is compared with a preset value, when the difference value exceeds 10%, the working condition time period exceeding part is automatically deleted, so that the proportion of each working condition is consistent with the preset value, and if the proportion cannot be met after deletion, the test is considered to be failed.
2. The method for testing the exhaust pollutant of the hydraulic excavator according to claim 1, wherein the engine state comprises a rotation speed, a torque, an oil injection amount, a water temperature and an air intake and exhaust amount; the excavator state includes a work device attitude, a hydraulic system state.
3. The method for testing the emission pollutants of the hydraulic excavator according to claim 2, wherein the working device posture calculating method comprises the following steps: the movement direction and the movement duration of the working device are calculated by using the displacement of the oil cylinder or the inclination angle of the oil cylinder or by using the pressure of the oil cylinder, the pilot pressure and the switch state of the operating handle.
4. The method for testing the exhaust pollutant of the hydraulic excavator according to claim 2, wherein the state of the hydraulic system is measured by a pressure sensor and a flow sensor.
5. The method for testing the emission pollutants of the hydraulic excavator of claim 1 wherein the data analysis module has a database storage function.
6. The method for testing the pollutant emissions of the hydraulic excavator according to claim 1, wherein the data analysis module queries the corresponding duty ratio according to the input vehicle information, determines the compliance of the test, and automatically reports the test.
7. An excavator employing the hydraulic excavator emission pollutant test method of any one of claims 1 to 6.
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| CN113502870B (en) * | 2021-07-15 | 2023-02-07 | 上海三一重机股份有限公司 | Excavator working condition judging method and device |
| CN115760819B (en) * | 2022-11-28 | 2023-11-24 | 北京中环高科环境治理有限公司 | Volatile organic compound measuring method, computing equipment and storage medium |
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