CN113029513B - Device and method for simulating generation of constant open channel flow - Google Patents

Device and method for simulating generation of constant open channel flow Download PDF

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CN113029513B
CN113029513B CN202110185223.XA CN202110185223A CN113029513B CN 113029513 B CN113029513 B CN 113029513B CN 202110185223 A CN202110185223 A CN 202110185223A CN 113029513 B CN113029513 B CN 113029513B
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passing channel
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CN113029513A (en
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王伟
柴波
夏子恒
李秋云
赵文博
韦伟诚
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China University of Geosciences
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    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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    • G01M10/00—Hydrodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on ship-testing tanks or water tunnels
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    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fluid mechanics, in particular to a model test device and method for generating constant open channel flow. A device for simulating and generating constant channel flow comprises a water tank, a water passing channel, a water collecting unit, a lifting unit and a water circulating mechanism, wherein the water tank is vertically arranged, the lower part of the front side of the water tank is provided with a water outlet, a baffle is arranged at the water outlet and is connected with the water tank in a sliding way, and can be fixed at any position of the moving track, the water passing channel is a strip-shaped structure matched with the water tank, which is arranged at the front side of the water tank along the front-back direction, a plurality of side surfaces at the front end of the water tank are hermetically connected with the corresponding side walls of the water tank through elastic pieces, the water collecting unit is arranged below the rear end of the water passing channel, the feed end of the lifting unit is communicated with the rear end of the water passing channel, the lifting unit is arranged below the water passing channel, the water circulation mechanism is connected with the water passing channel, and the water circulation mechanism is respectively connected with the water tank and the water collecting unit.

Description

Device and method for simulating generation of constant open channel flow
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fluid mechanics, in particular to a model test device and method for generating constant open channel flow.
Background
An open channel is a water flow channel with free surfaces. Open channel flow is the flow of fluid within an open channel, having a pressureless free surface in contact with the atmosphere. According to the change of the flow velocity and the flow depth along with time, the open channel flow can be divided into a stable flow (the movement elements of the fluid are unchanged along with time), a uniform flow (the flow depth is unchanged along with space), and a constant flow (the movement elements of the fluid are unchanged along with time and space). Depending on the type of open channel, open channel flows can be divided into natural open channel flows, such as the flow of water in a natural river, and artificial open channel flows; the latter is like artificial water delivery channels, canals and water flow which is not filled with pipelines, etc.
At present, most of research on open channel flow at home and abroad focuses on measuring the flow of the open channel, and an effective device and an effective method are lacked for generating constant open channel flow with stable flow speed and flow depth in a laboratory. There is an urgent need for a test apparatus and method that can generate constant open channel flow in a test simulation involving dynamic processes of geological disasters of a mountain-river system in field irrigation, actual river flow, and geological engineering, which are not limited to hydraulic engineering.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a model testing apparatus and method for generating a constant open channel flow.
The invention provides a device for simulating and generating constant open channel flow, which comprises a water tank, a water passing channel, a water collecting unit, a lifting unit and a water circulation mechanism, wherein the water tank is vertically arranged, the lower end of the water tank is provided with a plurality of support legs, the lower part of the front side of the water tank is provided with a water outlet, a baffle is arranged at the water outlet, the baffle is in sliding connection with the water tank and can be fixed at any position of the moving track of the baffle and is used for adjusting the size of the water outlet, the water passing channel is of a water tank adaptive strip structure and is arranged at the front side of the water tank along the front-back direction, a plurality of side surfaces of the front end of the water passing channel are in sealing connection with corresponding side walls of the water tank through elastic pieces, the water collecting unit is arranged below the rear end of the water passing channel, the feeding end of the water collecting unit is communicated with the rear end of the water passing channel and is used for collecting water flowing through the water passing channel, the lifting unit is arranged below the water passing channel, the water circulation mechanism is connected with the water passing channel and can drive the rear end of the water passing channel to move up and down so as to adjust the inclination angle of the water passing channel, and the water circulation mechanism is respectively connected with the water tank and the water collecting unit and is used for enabling water in the water collecting unit to flow back into the water tank.
Furthermore, the delivery port is the rectangle structure, and its left and right sides all extends to the corresponding side lateral wall of water tank, the baffle be with the rectangle structure of delivery port looks adaptation, it sets up in the water tank, and be located the top of delivery port, its with the front side inner wall sliding connection of water tank, under the exogenic action, it can reciprocate to can fix in any position of its slip orbit.
Furthermore, the lifting unit comprises two jacks which are respectively distributed at the front part and the rear part below the water passing channel at intervals and are respectively fixedly connected with the water passing channel.
Further, the water circulation mechanism comprises a water pump, a first water pipe and a second water pipe, the water pump is arranged on the front side of the water tank, the first water pipe is horizontally arranged below the water passing channel, one end of the first water pipe is communicated with the water pump, the other end of the first water pipe is communicated with the water collecting unit, one end of the second water pipe is communicated with the water pump, and the other end of the second water pipe is communicated with the inside of the water tank.
Further, the water collecting unit is a water collecting tank, and the upper end of the water collecting tank is open.
Further, be equipped with two wedges on the water passing channel, the wedge is the right angle triangular prism structure, the wedge all follows the length direction setting of water passing channel, and follow the width direction interval distribution of water passing channel, its both ends extend respectively to the corresponding end of water passing channel, and its be close to one side of water passing channel all with the laminating of the corresponding side of water passing channel.
A method for simulating and generating constant open channel flow by using the device mainly comprises the following steps:
s1, determining the flow velocity v and the flow depth delta h of the constant open channel flow which needs to be generated, and calculating the height h of the water level needed in the water tank0The inclination angle beta of the water passing channel and the water pumping quantity Q of the water pump;
s2, filling water into the water tank to a water level height h0Simultaneously, injecting a certain volume of water into the water collecting unit, and checking whether the water circulating system can work normally;
s3, starting a baffle, adjusting the height of a water outlet to delta h, setting the constant water pumping amount of a water pump to Q, enabling water in a water tank to flow to a water channel and enter a water collecting unit, pumping water in the water collecting unit into the water tank by the water pump at the constant water pumping amount Q, and enabling the water level height h in the water tank to be equal to the water level height h0Down to effective water level height hefIn time, a constant open channel flow can be generated in the water channel.
Further, in S3, the first step,
Figure GDA0003526980100000031
where v is the desired flow rate and g is the acceleration of gravity.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a set of relatively simple and easy device which is suitable for laboratories to research and generate stable and balanced open channel flow, and the device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, small occupied space area, low implementation cost, strong environmental protection and the like. The method for simulating the generation of the constant open channel flow is simple in steps and high in accuracy of experimental results, and the nodes for judging the generation of the constant open channel flow are sensitive and easy to operate, so that the convenience of operation is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a device for simulating the production of constant open channel flow according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the wedge of the present invention assembled with a water passage.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1-2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a device for simulating generation of a constant open channel flow, including a water tank 10, a water passing channel 20, a water collecting unit 30, a lifting unit and a water circulation mechanism, wherein the water tank 10 is vertically disposed, a plurality of support legs 11 are disposed at a lower end of the water tank 10, a water outlet 12 is disposed at a lower portion of a front side of the water tank, a baffle 40 is disposed at the water outlet 12, the baffle 40 is slidably connected to the water tank 10 and can be fixed at any position of a moving track of the water tank for adjusting the size of the water outlet 12, the water passing channel 20 is a strip structure adapted to the water tank 10, the water passing channel is disposed at the front side of the water tank 10 along a front-back direction, a plurality of side surfaces of a front end of the water passing channel 20 are hermetically connected to corresponding side walls of the water tank 10 through elastic members, the water collecting unit 30 is disposed below a rear end of the water passing channel 20, and a feed end of the water passing channel 20 is communicated with a rear end of the water passing channel 20, the water circulation device is used for collecting water flowing through the water passing channel 20, the lifting unit is arranged below the water passing channel 20, is connected with the water passing channel 20, can drive the rear end of the water passing channel 20 to move up and down so as to adjust the inclination angle of the water passing channel 20, and is respectively connected with the water tank 10 and the water collection unit 30 and used for enabling water in the water collection unit 30 to flow back to the water tank 10.
In the invention, the water tank 10 is of a rectangular structure with a square bottom, the upper end of the water tank is open, and the four right angles of the water tank are provided with support legs 11. According to the invention, the water in the water tank 10 is used for simulating open channel flow, in order to increase the outflow area of the water body, the water outlet 12 is of a rectangular structure, the left side and the right side of the water outlet extend to the side walls of the corresponding sides of the water tank 10, and optimally, the baffle plate 40 is of a rectangular structure matched with the water outlet 12, is arranged in the water tank 10 and positioned above the water outlet 12, is in sliding connection with the inner wall of the front side of the water tank 10, can move up and down under the action of external force, and can be fixed at any position of the sliding track. Specifically, the invention does not limit the sliding connection mode of the baffle 40 and the water tank 10, and the structure that can realize the connection of the baffle 40 and the inner wall of the water tank 10 in the prior art can be used as the specific embodiment of the sliding connection of the baffle 40 and the water tank 10 in the invention, and similarly, the invention also does not limit the source of the driving force of the baffle 40, and the driving force can be an electric driving mode such as driving by using a telescopic cylinder, or a manual driving mode. The invention can realize the shielding area of the water outlet 12 by adjusting the descending height of the baffle 40, thereby achieving the purpose of adjusting the water outlet area of the water outlet 12. The sealing member is the plastic strip, and the plastic has elasticity to the leak protection waterborne is strong, and the terminal surface of crossing water passageway 20 front end passes through the plastic respectively and corresponds the side sealing connection of side with water tank 10 to prevent to leak, and the front portion of crossing the water passageway 20 lower extreme passes through the plastic material and is connected with the side sealing connection of water tank 10 diapire, can reach the front end that satisfies water passageway 20 and make progress the micro-motion, adjusts the purpose of crossing water passageway 20 inclination. After flowing out of the water outlet 12, the open channel flow flows to the water collecting unit 30 through the water passage 20, and under the action of the water circulation mechanism, water in the water collecting unit 30 flows back to the water tank 10 for recycling. Wherein, the water passing channel 20 is composed of a bottom plate and water baffles vertically arranged at two sides.
In the above embodiment, the lifting unit includes two jacks 60, and the two jacks 60 are respectively distributed at intervals at the front and the rear of the lower portion of the water passing channel 20, and are respectively and fixedly connected with the water passing channel 20.
In the present invention, the forward jack 60 is used to provide a supporting force to the water passing path 20, and the rearward jack 60 is used to adjust the inclination angle of the water passing path 20. As another embodiment of the lifting unit of the present invention, the lifting unit may also be a telescopic cylinder.
In the above embodiment, the water collecting unit 30 is a water collecting tank, and the upper end of the water collecting tank is open.
In the above embodiment, the water circulation mechanism includes the water pump 70, the first water pipe 71 and the second water pipe 72, the water pump 70 is disposed at the front side of the water tank 10, the first water pipe 71 is horizontally disposed below the water passing channel 20, one end thereof is communicated with the water pump 70, the other end thereof is communicated with the water collecting unit 30, one end of the second water pipe 72 is communicated with the water pump 70, and the other end thereof is communicated with the inside of the water tank 10.
In the present invention, a base 73 is provided at a lower end thereof in order to facilitate fixing of the water pump 70. The water in the water collecting unit 30 is pumped out through the first water pipe 71 and delivered into the second water pipe 72 and the water tank 10 by the water pump 70. The water circulation mechanism has the advantages of simple structure, low implementation cost and the like.
In the above embodiment, the water passing channel 20 is provided with two wedges 80, the wedges 80 are of a right-angled triangular prism structure, the wedges 80 are all arranged along the length direction of the water passing channel 20 and are distributed at intervals along the width direction of the water passing channel 20, two ends of each wedge 80 extend to the corresponding end of the water passing channel 20 respectively, one side of each wedge, which is close to the water passing channel 20, is attached to the corresponding side of the water passing channel 20, and the wedges 80 are detachably connected with the water passing channel 20.
In the invention, in order to change the shape of the water flow section in the water passage 20, the wedge 80 simulates the water flow section of the open channel flow, if the wedge 80 is placed along the length direction of the water passage 20 and attached to two sides of the water passage 20, and two ends of the wedge extend to the corresponding ends of the water passage 20, the water passage 20 can be adjusted to be a trapezoidal section. If the wedge 80 is removed, the water passage 50 may be changed into a rectangular section. In practical application, the wedge 80 can be designed into different shapes to change the shape of the open channel flowing water body and simulate river channels with different shapes. The detachable mode of the wedge 80 and the water passing channel 20 is not limited in the invention, and the structure which can realize the detachable connection of the wedge 80 and the water passing channel 20 in the prior art can be taken as the specific embodiment of the detachable connection of the wedge 80 and the water passing channel 20 in the invention, for example, the end part of the wedge 80 is fixedly connected with the corresponding end of the water passing channel 20 through a buckle.
A method for simulating and generating constant open channel flow mainly comprises the following steps:
s1, determining the flow velocity v and the flow depth of the constant open channel flow to be generated, and calculating the height h of the water level required in the water tank according to the formulas (1) to (4)0The inclination angle beta of the water passage and the pumping amount Q of the water pump, wherein the expressions of the expressions (1) to (9) are as follows:
Figure GDA0003526980100000061
r＝γRJ＝ρgRJ (2)
Figure GDA0003526980100000071
Figure GDA0003526980100000072
Figure GDA0003526980100000073
Figure GDA0003526980100000074
Figure GDA0003526980100000075
Figure GDA0003526980100000076
Figure GDA0003526980100000077
wherein S is the bottom area of the tank 10, h0Is the initial water level height, h, in the tank 10efIn the invention, v is the effective water level height of the water tank 10, v is the required flow rate, z is the height of a water baffle of the water channel 20, delta h is the height from the bottom plate of the water channel 20 to the top of the water outlet 12, w is the width of the bottom plate of the water channel 20, L is the length of the bottom plate of the water channel 20, theta is the inclination angle of the inclined surface of the wedge 80 and the bottom plate of the water channel 20, beta is the inclination angle of the water channel 20, a is the side length of the bottom of the water tank 10, R is the hydraulic radius, g is the gravity acceleration, Q is the constant water pumping quantity of the water pump 70, Re is the Reynolds coefficient, mu is the viscosity coefficient of water, rho is the density of water, d is the characteristic length, d is 4R, m is the mass of water, lambda is the on-way resistance coefficient, h is the on-way resistance coefficient, and h is the characteristic lengthfFor head loss, γ is the weight per unit volume of water and r is the water flow resistance.
S2, injecting water into the water tank 10 to the water level height h0Meanwhile, a certain volume of water is injected into the water collection unit 30, and whether the water circulation system can work normally is checked;
s3, starting the baffle 40, adjusting the height of the water outlet 12 to delta h, setting the constant water pumping quantity of the water pump 70 to Q, enabling water in the water tank 10 to flow to the water channel 20 and enter the water collecting unit 30, enabling the water pump 70 to pump water in the water collecting unit 30 to the water tank 10 at the constant water pumping quantity Q, and circularly working in such a way, namely enabling constant open channel flow to be generated on the water channel 20.
Wherein, a certain volume of water is injected into the water collection unit 30 to ensure that the pumping system can work normally and the water circulation is performed normally; the water flow channel 20 is connected with the water tank 10 through plastic, so that water flow transmission with low energy loss can be realized; according to the formulas (1) to (6), the gradient beta is obtained, and then the inclination angle of the water channel 20 can be adjusted to beta by lifting the height of the rear jack 60, so that the energy loss of the water flow is reduced; the water flows through the water channel 20 and then flows to the rear water collecting tank 10, at the moment, the water flow is disordered, the water pumping amount still keeps the calculated water amount Q, after the water flow circularly moves through the water collecting unit 30-the water tank 10-the water channel 20, the water flow can be kept stable, namely, open channel flow is formed, the water levels of the water collecting unit 30 and the water tank 10 are kept unchanged, and when the water level height h in the water tank 10 is equal to0Down to effective water level height hefAt this time, it indicates that a uniform and uniform open channel flow with a stable flow velocity v and a flow depth Δ h has been generated in the water passage 20.
The method of the present invention can overcome the resistance caused by the viscosity of the fluid (i.e., water) by adjusting the inclination angle of the water passage 20 by using the component force of gravity when the fluid flows in the water passage 20.
Because the water flow is in a disordered state when the device is subjected to a simulation test, stable and balanced open channel flow can be generated only after the water circulation process is carried out for a period of time, the invention adopts the height h of the water level in the water tank 100Down to effective water level height hefAnd is stabilized at hefThe time is used as an index for evaluating the uniform and balanced flow of the open channel flow.
In this document, the terms front, back, upper and lower are used to define the components in the drawings and the positions of the components relative to each other, and are used for clarity and convenience of the technical solution. It is to be understood that the use of the directional terms should not be taken to limit the scope of the claims.
The features of the embodiments and embodiments described herein above may be combined with each other without conflict.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (6)

1. The device for simulating and generating the constant open channel flow is characterized by comprising a water tank (10), a water passing channel (20), a water collecting unit (30), a lifting unit and a water circulating mechanism, wherein the water tank (10) is vertically arranged, a plurality of support legs (11) are arranged at the lower end of the water tank, a water outlet (12) is formed in the lower portion of the front side of the water tank, a baffle (40) is arranged at the position of the water outlet (12), the baffle (40) is in sliding connection with the water tank (10) and can be fixed at any position of the moving track of the water tank and used for adjusting the size of the water outlet (12), the water passing channel (20) is of a strip-shaped structure matched with the water tank (10) and is arranged on the front side of the water tank (10) in the front-back direction, a plurality of side faces of the front end of the water passing channel are all in sealing connection with corresponding side walls of the water tank (10) through elastic pieces, and the water collecting unit (30) is arranged below the rear end of the water passing channel (20), the feeding end of the lifting unit is communicated with the rear end of the water passing channel (20) and is used for collecting water flowing through the water passing channel (20), the lifting unit is arranged below the water passing channel (20) and is connected with the water passing channel (20) and can drive the rear end of the water passing channel (20) to move up and down so as to adjust the inclination angle of the water passing channel (20), and the water circulation mechanism is respectively connected with the water tank (10) and the water collecting unit (30) and is used for enabling water in the water collecting unit (30) to flow back into the water tank (10);
the water circulation mechanism comprises a water pump (70), a first water pipe (71) and a second water pipe (72), the water pump (70) is arranged on the front side of the water tank (10), the first water pipe (71) is horizontally arranged below the water passing channel (20), one end of the first water pipe is communicated with the water pump (70), the other end of the first water pipe is communicated with the water collecting unit (30), one end of the second water pipe (72) is communicated with the water pump (70), and the other end of the second water pipe is communicated with the inside of the water tank (10);
the water passing channel (20) is provided with two wedges (80), the wedges (80) are of a right-angle triangular prism structure, the wedges (80) are arranged along the length direction of the water passing channel (20) and are distributed at intervals along the width direction of the water passing channel (20), two ends of each wedge extend to corresponding ends of the water passing channel (20), and one side of each wedge, which is close to the water passing channel (20), is attached to the corresponding side of the water passing channel (20);
simulation of constant open channel flow the apparatus needs to satisfy the following conditions:
Figure FDA0003516365070000011
r＝γRJ＝ρgRJ (2)
Figure FDA0003516365070000012
Figure FDA0003516365070000013
Figure FDA0003516365070000014
Figure FDA0003516365070000021
Figure FDA0003516365070000022
Figure FDA0003516365070000023
Figure FDA0003516365070000024
wherein S is the bottom area of the tank 10, h0Is the initial water level height, h, in the tank 10efIn the invention, v is the effective water level height of the water tank 10, v is the required flow rate, z is the height of a water baffle of the water channel 20, delta h is the height from the bottom plate of the water channel 20 to the top of the water outlet 12, w is the width of the bottom plate of the water channel 20, L is the length of the bottom plate of the water channel 20, theta is the inclination angle of the inclined surface of the wedge 80 and the bottom plate of the water channel 20, beta is the inclination angle of the water channel 20, a is the side length of the bottom of the water tank 10, R is the hydraulic radius, g is the gravity acceleration, Q is the constant water pumping quantity of the water pump 70, Re is the Reynolds coefficient, mu is the viscosity coefficient of water, rho is the density of water, d is the characteristic length, d is 4R, m is the mass of water, lambda is the on-way resistance coefficient, h is the on-way resistance coefficient, and h is the characteristic lengthfFor head loss, γ is the weight per unit volume of water and r is the water flow resistance.
2. A device for simulating the generation of constant channel flow according to claim 1, wherein the water outlet (12) has a rectangular structure, the left and right sides of the rectangular structure extend to the corresponding side walls of the water tank (10), the baffle (40) has a rectangular structure adapted to the water outlet (12), is arranged in the water tank (10) and located above the water outlet (12), is slidably connected with the front inner wall of the water tank (10), and can move up and down under the action of external force and can be fixed at any position of the sliding track.
3. A device for simulating the generation of a constant open channel flow according to claim 1, wherein the lifting unit comprises two jacks (60), and the two jacks (60) are respectively distributed at intervals at the front part and the rear part below the water passing channel (20) and are respectively fixedly connected with the water passing channel (20).
4. A device for simulating the production of constant open channel flow according to claim 1, characterized in that the water collecting unit (30) is a water collecting tank, the upper end of which is open.
5. A method of simulating the production of constant open channel flow using the apparatus of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
s1, determining the flow velocity v and the flow depth delta h of the constant open channel flow which needs to be generated, and calculating the height h of the water level needed in the water tank (10)0The inclination angle beta of the water passing channel (20) and the water pumping quantity Q of the water pump (70);
s2, filling water into the water tank (10) to the water level height h0Meanwhile, a certain volume of water is injected into the water collecting unit (30) to check whether the water circulating system can work normally;
s3, starting the baffle (40), adjusting the height of the water outlet (12) to delta h, setting the constant water pumping amount of the water pump (70) to Q, enabling water in the water tank (10) to flow towards the water passage (20) and enter the water collecting unit (30), pumping the water in the water collecting unit (30) into the water tank (10) by the water pump (70) with the constant water pumping amount Q, and when the water level height h in the water tank (10)0Down to effective water level height hefA constant open channel flow is generated in the water channel (20).
6. The method of simulating generation of a constant open channel flow of claim 5, wherein, in S3,
Figure FDA0003516365070000031
where v is the desired flow rate and g is the acceleration of gravity.
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CN107393374A (en) * 2016-05-14 2017-11-24 哈尔滨工业大学 Suitable for the self-loopa open channel weir flow experimental provision of experimental teaching

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