CN113028005B

CN113028005B - Gear box

Info

Publication number: CN113028005B
Application number: CN202110364855.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 胡波; 申朋; 胡哓岚; 张鹏
Original assignee: Changsha University of Science and Technology
Current assignee: Changsha University of Science and Technology
Priority date: 2021-04-06
Filing date: 2021-04-06
Publication date: 2022-11-18
Anticipated expiration: 2041-04-06
Also published as: CN113028005A

Abstract

A gearbox comprises a box body, a supporting structure and a speed changing structure; the box body comprises a step wall, a bearing hole and a shaft hole are formed in the frame of the box body, the supporting structure comprises a guide rod and two supporting plates, the guide rod is connected to the bottom wall of the box body through a supporting leg, a shifting plate shaft is further arranged on the bottom wall of the box body, and a shifting plate is arranged on the shifting plate shaft; the speed change structure comprises an output shaft, a friction clutch, a left fixed disc, a thrust bearing, a right fixed disc, a spring fixed plate, a second sleeve type planet carrier and a friction brake ring.

Description

Gear box

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of new energy automobiles, in particular to a gearbox.

Background

On a traditional fuel oil automobile, in order to change the narrow use width of an engine and enlarge the working range of the engine, a multi-stage gearbox is adopted. For a new energy automobile, a transmission is still one of important factors influencing the endurance of the automobile, but a multi-stage gear transmission box as a fuel vehicle is obviously unnecessary, so that the new energy automobile at least comprises three gears of a forward first gear, a forward second gear and a reverse gear in consideration of comprehensive gear requirements and economy. The invention provides a three-gear automatic speed changing system of a planetary gear train, which can meet the working condition. For a planetary gear transmission, the important point is the design of gears, so that the speed change relationship among a sun gear, a planetary gear and a gear ring in a planetary gear train is fully utilized, the overall structure of a speed change system is more compact, and the space occupation and the production cost are reduced.

The prior art has the following problems and disadvantages in solving the above problems:

1. the speed change structure of the new energy automobile in the prior art can only realize the speed change capability of two forward gears, which means that when the speed change structure is used in a working condition with a reverse gear requirement, an additional reverse speed change device may be needed, and the mechanism complexity and the manufacturing cost are further increased.

2. In the planetary gear speed change structure in the prior art, the planetary gear train can only carry out transmission through one side, and interference can occur if bilateral transmission is realized.

3. In the speed change structure in the prior art, the friction clutch is generally sleeved at the near end of the power input shaft and is rarely arranged at the tail end of the power input shaft.

4. The speed change structure of prior art changes the clutch position through rotating the declutch shift lever, realizes clutch and high-speed joint or the separation that keeps off the hollow shaft, and then realizes shifting of high low-speed, and general structure is complicated, if will realize the switching-over of keeping off more, then the structure can be more complicated.

5. In the planetary gear train in the prior art, transmission is realized through a planetary carrier and the planetary gear train, the planetary carrier is generally fixed with a main shaft, however, a mechanism is fixed to form constraint, and more flexible functions cannot be realized.

6. In the friction clutch in the prior art, power is generally transmitted to a spring diaphragm, so that the edge of the diaphragm is tilted and separated from a friction plate, and a clutch function is realized. However, when the friction clutch is disposed at the end of the power input shaft, the situation changes, and how power is transmitted to the clutch and whether the magnitude of the transmitted power has an effect on the spring diaphragm are not determined.

7. The clutch gear shifting operation in the prior art generally needs three steps, wherein the first step is to switch the clutch, the second step is to shift gears, the third step is to recover the clutch, the process is long, and power interruption or fluctuation exists at the moment of engaging and disengaging the clutch.

8. In the speed change structure in the prior art, the shifting fork is used for shifting gears, and if power precision control is insufficient during shifting of the shifting fork, obvious blocking can occur, so that the whole vehicle body vibrates.

9. In the prior art speed change structure, a transmission chain needs to be frequently interfered during gear shifting, for example, meshing and disengaging between gears increase impact and abrasion between the gears.

10. In the speed change structure in the prior art, the driving gear and the driven gear are only in direct transmission, so that the fine control of the direction and the speed is not facilitated.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the problems, the invention provides a solution to solve the problems.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows: a gearbox comprises a box body, a supporting structure and a speed changing structure; the box body comprises a step wall, a bearing hole and a shaft hole are formed in the frame of the box body, the supporting structure comprises a guide rod and two supporting plates, the guide rod is connected to the bottom wall of the box body through a supporting leg, a shifting plate shaft is further arranged on the bottom wall of the box body, and a shifting plate is arranged on the shifting plate shaft;

the speed change structure comprises an output shaft, a friction clutch, a left fixed disc, a thrust bearing, a right fixed disc, a spring fixed plate, a second sleeve type planet carrier, a friction brake ring, a stepped ring, a reverse gear, an output gear, a rolling bearing, an intermediate gear, an input shaft, a second overrunning clutch, a second gear ring, a first sleeve type planet carrier, a first overrunning clutch, a first gear ring, a hollow friction ring, a gear ring brake plate, a buffer spring, a torsion spring, a planet carrier brake plate, a tension spring, a push plate, a gear shift lever, a gear ring, a planet wheel, a sun wheel and a sliding sleeve;

the two support plates support the gear lever, the push plate is connected to the position on the gear lever and between the two support plates, a guide hole is formed in the push plate, and the guide rod penetrates through the guide hole, so that the push plate can move along the guide rod; the shift lever is provided with a shift lever, and the shift plate can shift the shift lever to move so as to push the shift lever to move; through the connection of the push plate and the gear shift lever, the motion of the gear shift lever can push the push plate to move; the bearing hole accommodates the rolling bearing, and the shaft hole accommodates the shift lever;

the planetary gear train is formed by a plurality of planetary gears, the sun gear is arranged in the center of the planetary gear train, and the input shaft comprises a power input end and a tail end; the first overrunning clutch, the second overrunning clutch and the first sleeve type planet carrier are arranged in the axial direction of the input shaft and between the planetary gear train and the power input end, the second gear ring is arranged on the outer side of the second overrunning clutch, the first gear ring is arranged on the outer side of the first overrunning clutch, the first sleeve type planet carrier comprises a first sleeve part and a first support part, and the first support part is connected with the planetary gear;

the second sleeve type planet carrier, the friction brake ring, the spring fixing plate, the friction clutch, the left fixing disc, the thrust bearing, the right fixing disc, the tension spring, the push plate and the sliding sleeve are arranged between the planetary gear train and the tail end; the friction clutch, the left fixed disc, the thrust bearing and the right fixed disc are arranged between the push plate and the tail end; the friction clutch comprises a first disc and a second disc, the second disc is adjacent to the left fixed disc, and the second disc, the left fixed disc, the thrust bearing and the right fixed disc can move towards the first disc under the thrust action of the push plate; the second sleeve type planet carrier comprises a second sleeve part and a second support part, and the second support part is connected with the planet wheel; the friction brake ring is arranged on the outer side of the second sleeve part;

the stepped ring comprises an inner ring and an outer ring, the outer ring is arranged on the outer side of the planetary gear train, the gear ring is arranged on the inner side of the outer ring, the gear ring is in matched transmission with the planetary gears, the inner ring is connected with the outer ring through ribs, the inner ring is arranged on the outer side of the first sleeve part, and the surface of the outer ring, facing the tail end, is connected with the hollow friction ring; the intermediate gear is arranged between the second gear ring and the output gear; the second disc, the left fixed disc, the thrust bearing and the right fixed disc are sleeved outside the sliding sleeve;

the gear lever is arranged on one side of the input shaft, the output shaft is arranged on the other side of the input shaft, the reverse gear, the output gear and the rolling bearing are arranged on the output shaft, the reverse gear corresponds to the first gear ring in position, and the output gear corresponds to the second gear ring in position; the gear lever is provided with a gear ring brake plate, a buffer spring, a torsion spring and a planet carrier brake plate, the gear ring brake plate is correspondingly matched with the plane surface of the hollow friction ring, and the planet carrier brake plate is correspondingly matched with the friction brake ring.

Furthermore, the overrunning clutch is a ball type one-way clutch.

Furthermore, the rolling bearing is a deep groove ball bearing.

Further, the outer ring is connected with the hollow friction ring through a bolt.

Further, the inner ring and the outer ring are located at different positions in the axial direction of the input shaft.

Furthermore, the excircle of the inner ring is fixed with the inner ring of the first overrunning clutch.

Further, the sun gear is detachably connected with the input shaft.

Furthermore, the number of the planet wheels is three.

Further, the first overrunning clutch is connected with the inner ring through a key slot.

Further, the second overrunning clutch is connected with the first sleeve part through a key groove.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. aiming at the 1 st point of the background art, the defect that the new energy automobile in the prior art can only realize two-gear switching is overcome, and a forward gear and a backward gear are arranged on an output shaft to realize three-gear reversing.

2. Aiming at the point 2 in the background technology, the planet carriers are arranged on the two sides of the planet wheel system, the two sides can transmit, and the high-speed and low-speed switching is realized through the switching of power mechanisms on the two sides.

3. In view of the 3 rd point of the background art, a friction clutch is provided at the end of the power input shaft, so that the friction clutch can be used as one of the starting positions of the end power to construct a double-sided power path.

4. Aiming at the 4 th point of the background technology, a gear lever is arranged to replace a traditional gear shifting mechanism, and multi-position friction stopping is realized through three brake plates and a push plate on the gear lever and a plurality of friction rings on a main shaft, so that a multi-gear switching function similar to clutch is realized.

5. Aiming at the 5 th point of the background technology, a sleeve planet carrier is constructed, so that the movement of a main shaft and the movement of the planet carrier are easily separated, and more flexible transmission is realized.

6. Aiming at the 6 th point of the background technology, the structure of the combination side of the friction clutch is changed aiming at three preconditions that the friction clutch is arranged at the tail end of the input shaft and is used as the initiation position of power on the other side of the input shaft relative to the friction clutch, a clutch moving module consisting of a second clutch plate, a fixed disc and a thrust bearing is constructed, the clutch moving module bears larger pressure and torque, and the direction position of the corresponding diaphragm spring structure is changed.

7. In the 7 th point of the background art, the clutch operation and the gear shifting operation are integrated, so that the three-step operation can be completed only by one step, namely, all the clutch and gear shifting operations can be completed only by moving the gear lever.

8. To the 8 th point of the background art, the traditional shifting fork is changed into a friction structure between the annular plate and the arc-shaped plate, and the friction of the shifting fork is only a small part of the contact, so that the arc-shaped friction greatly increases the friction resistance in the rotating direction and the rotating path.

9. Aiming at the 9 th point of the background technology, two overrunning clutches which are reversely arranged are adopted, so that a transmission chain does not need to be frequently interfered during gear shifting, the impact and the abrasion between gears are reduced, and the service life of the gears is prolonged.

10. Aiming at the 10 th point of the background technology, an intermediate gear between a driving wheel and a driven wheel is added, so that the direction and the transmission precision are better controlled.

Note: the foregoing designs are not sequential, each of which provides a distinct and significant advance in the present invention over the prior art.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a top view of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the planetary gear train of the present invention in assembled relation with a first carrier.

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the stepped ring of the present invention and its associated parts.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the overrunning clutch of the present invention and its associated components.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a second planet carrier and associated parts of the invention.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the sliding sleeve, bearing assembly and associated parts of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the driving member of the friction clutch and its associated parts of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a perspective view of a second planet carrier according to the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a perspective view of the overrunning clutch of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is an overall view of the transmission of the present invention.

Fig. 11 is an internal structural view of the transmission of the present invention.

Fig. 12 is a view showing a structure of a transmission case support of the present invention.

In the figures, the reference numerals are as follows:

the three-gear speed changing structure 1, an output shaft 2, a friction clutch 3, a left fixed disk 4, a thrust bearing 5, a right fixed disk 6, a guide rod 7, a spring fixing plate 8, a second sleeve type planet carrier 9, a friction brake ring 10, a stepped ring 11, a reverse gear 12, an output gear 13, a rolling bearing 14, an intermediate gear 15, an input shaft 16, a second overrunning clutch 17, a second gear ring 18, a first sleeve type planet carrier 19, a first overrunning clutch 20, a first gear ring 21, a hollow friction ring 22, a gear ring brake plate 23, a dial plate 24, a buffer spring 25, a torsion spring 26, a planet carrier brake plate 27, a tension spring 28, a push plate 29, a support plate 30, a gear shift lever 31, a gear ring 32, a planet wheel 33, a sun wheel 34, a sliding sleeve 35, a sleeve 36, a box 37, a stepped wall 38, a dial plate shaft 39 and a bearing hole 40.

Detailed Description

The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.

As shown in the figure: a gearbox comprises a box body, a supporting structure and a speed changing structure; the box body comprises a step wall, a bearing hole and a shaft hole are formed in the frame of the box body, the supporting structure comprises a guide rod and two supporting plates, the guide rod is connected to the bottom wall of the box body through a supporting leg, a shifting plate shaft is further arranged on the bottom wall of the box body, and a shifting plate is arranged on the shifting plate shaft;

the two support plates support the gear lever, the push plate is connected to the position, between the two support plates, on the gear lever, a guide hole is formed in the push plate, and the guide rod penetrates through the guide hole, so that the push plate can move along the guide rod; the shift lever is provided with a shift lever, and the shift plate can shift the shift lever to move so as to push the shift lever to move; through the connection of the push plate and the gear shift lever, the motion of the gear shift lever can push the push plate to move; the bearing hole accommodates the rolling bearing, and the shaft hole accommodates the shift lever;

The overrunning clutch is a ball type one-way clutch. The rolling bearing is a deep groove ball bearing. The outer ring is connected with the hollow friction ring through a bolt. The inner ring and the outer ring are located at different positions in the axial direction of the input shaft. And the excircle of the inner ring is fixed with the inner ring of the first overrunning clutch. The sun gear is detachably connected with the input shaft. The number of the planet wheels is three. The first overrunning clutch is connected with the inner ring through a key groove. The second overrunning clutch is connected with the first sleeve part through a key groove. The first overrunning clutch is mounted in a direction that is effective only during reverse transmission; the second overrunning clutch installation direction is active only during forward low and forward high transmissions.

The above detailed description is specific to possible embodiments of the present invention, and the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent implementations or modifications that do not depart from the scope of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gearbox is characterized by comprising a box body, a supporting structure and a speed change structure; the box body comprises a step wall, a bearing hole and a shaft hole are formed in the frame of the box body, the supporting structure comprises a guide rod and two supporting plates, the guide rod is connected to the bottom wall of the box body through a supporting leg, a shifting plate shaft is further arranged on the bottom wall of the box body, and a shifting plate is arranged on the shifting plate shaft;

the speed change structure comprises an output shaft, a friction clutch, a left fixed disc, a thrust bearing, a right fixed disc, a spring fixed plate, a second sleeve type planet carrier, a friction brake ring, a stepped ring, a reverse gear, an output gear, a rolling bearing, an intermediate gear, an input shaft, a second overrunning clutch, a second gear ring, a first sleeve type planet carrier, a first overrunning clutch, a first gear ring, a hollow friction ring, a gear ring brake plate, a buffer spring, a torsion spring, a planet carrier brake plate, a tension spring, a push plate, a gear shift lever, an inner gear ring, a planet wheel, a sun wheel and a sliding sleeve;

the two support plates support the gear lever, the push plate is connected to the position on the gear lever and between the two support plates, a guide hole is formed in the push plate, and the guide rod penetrates through the guide hole, so that the push plate can move along the guide rod; the gear lever is provided with a shifting lever, and the shifting plate can shift the shifting lever to move so as to push the gear lever to move; through the connection of the push plate and the gear shift lever, the motion of the gear shift lever can push the push plate to move; the bearing hole accommodates the rolling bearing, and the shaft hole accommodates the shift lever;

the stepped ring comprises an inner ring and an outer ring, the outer ring is arranged on the outer side of the planetary gear train, the inner side of the outer ring is provided with the inner gear ring, the inner gear ring is in matched transmission with the planetary gears, the inner ring is connected with the outer ring through ribs, the inner ring is arranged on the outer side of the first sleeve part, and the surface of the outer ring facing the tail end is connected with the hollow friction ring; the intermediate gear is arranged between the second gear ring and the output gear; the second disc, the left fixed disc, the thrust bearing and the right fixed disc are sleeved outside the sliding sleeve;

2. A transmission according to claim 1, wherein: the overrunning clutch is a ball type one-way clutch.

3. A transmission according to claim 1, wherein: the rolling bearing is a deep groove ball bearing.

4. A transmission according to claim 1, wherein: the outer ring is connected with the hollow friction ring through a bolt.

5. A transmission according to claim 1, wherein: the inner ring and the outer ring are located at different positions in the axial direction of the input shaft.

6. A gearbox according to claim 5 wherein: and the excircle of the inner ring is fixed with the inner ring of the first overrunning clutch.

7. A transmission according to claim 1, wherein: the sun wheel is detachably connected with the input shaft.

8. A transmission according to claim 1, wherein: the number of the planet wheels is three.

9. A transmission according to claim 1, wherein: the first overrunning clutch is connected with the inner ring through a key groove.

10. A transmission according to claim 1, wherein: the second overrunning clutch is connected with the first sleeve part through a key groove.