CN113026775B - Grouting device, loose stratum pore-forming device and pore-forming method - Google Patents
Grouting device, loose stratum pore-forming device and pore-forming method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113026775B CN113026775B CN202110319415.5A CN202110319415A CN113026775B CN 113026775 B CN113026775 B CN 113026775B CN 202110319415 A CN202110319415 A CN 202110319415A CN 113026775 B CN113026775 B CN 113026775B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007569 slipcasting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/12—Consolidating by placing solidifying or pore-filling substances in the soil
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- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of slope treatment, and provides a loose stratum pore-forming device and a pore-forming method; the loose stratum pore-forming device comprises a drill rod, a down-the-hole impactor and a grouting device; the drill rod comprises a drill rod outer pipe and a drill rod inner pipe coaxially fixed in the drill rod outer pipe; a second grouting channel with two open ends is formed between the drill rod outer pipe and the drill rod inner pipe; one end of the drill rod is connected with the down-the-hole hammer through a grouting device, an inner cavity of an inner pipe of the drill rod is communicated with an inner cavity of the down-the-hole hammer through an inner cavity of a grouting inner pipe, and a second grouting channel is communicated with the first grouting channel. By arranging the grouting device between the drill rod and the down-the-hole impactor, when the down-the-hole impactor drills into a unconsolidated formation, slurry can be injected into the unconsolidated formation through the grouting device without stopping drilling, so that the hole wall of the anchor hole is prevented from collapsing at the unconsolidated formation, the purpose of preventing hole collapse by grouting and wall fixing while drilling is achieved, the hole forming quality of the anchor hole is improved, and the hole forming efficiency of the anchor hole is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of slope treatment, in particular to a grouting device, a loose stratum hole forming device and a hole forming method.
Background
In the slope management engineering, anchor cable support is a common reinforcing mode. However, due to the difference of the geological structure, the stratum is complex and changeable, the strength of the single rock is high, but due to the structural stress, the joint crack and even the structural fault are developed, so that the rock is broken to form a broken rock stratum, and the unevenness of the rock stratum causes the phenomena of air leakage, local block falling, drill jamming, collapse, incapability of withdrawing the drill bit and the like during the hole forming of the anchor hole, thereby seriously affecting the hole forming quality and the hole forming efficiency.
Aiming at unconsolidated strata, the traditional anchor cable hole forming mode usually adopts the drilling with a pipe, but the hole forming mode has the following defects: 1. the drilling with the pipe has high requirements on the proficiency of workers. 2. When drilling the following pipe, the number of workers for assembling and disassembling the following pipe is increased, so that the working procedures are increased, and the labor cost is increased. 3. The follow pipe is an easily-consumed product, so that the turnover frequency is high, the loss is large, and the material cost is increased. 4. When the drilling depth is more than 30 meters, the pipe is easy to break when the pipe is drilled and is followed, and the pipe is easy to break when the pipe is pulled out, so that the drilled hole is abandoned and only can be drilled again.
In view of the defects of the following pipe drilling, the application number is 202010410317.8, and in the patent application named as a construction method for preventing the collapse of the hole by injecting slurry into the casing pipe after the side slope drilling, two construction methods are disclosed to replace the following pipe drilling. The method comprises the following steps: drilling and guniting circulation operation: the drilling rod is pulled out after a section of drilling rod is drilled, the grouting pipeline is connected → the operation of guniting in the hole is pushed → the grouting pipeline is dismantled and cleaned, the drilling rod is then assembled for drilling, and the like is repeated until the drilling depth is reached. The method 2 comprises the following steps: and (3) spraying slurry after the integral drilling is finished: and starting the drilling machine to drill the hole until the drilling depth stops drilling, connecting the grouting pipeline → propelling the grouting operation in the hole → dismantling and cleaning the grouting pipeline. The above two methods have the following disadvantages: 1. the method 1 is discontinuous drilling operation, the drilling is stopped, the time is long, and the drilling efficiency is seriously influenced; if the hole is deep, the method has large workload for assembling and disassembling the drill rod, and the labor cost is huge. 2. In the discontinuous drilling operation of the method 1, repeated grouting after each drilling operation causes very large grouting amount, serious slurry waste and material consumption. 3. The method 2 is a drilling operation and then a grouting operation, which is a traditional operation mode, and if air leakage, local block falling, drill jamming and even collapse of the rock stratum during drilling occur in the non-uniformity of the rock stratum, the drill cannot be withdrawn, and the method cannot drill.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a grouting device, a loose stratum pore-forming device and a pore-forming method, which can improve the pore-forming quality and the pore-forming efficiency of an anchor hole when the anchor hole is drilled in a loose stratum.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the grouting device comprises a grouting outer pipe and a grouting inner pipe coaxially fixed in the grouting outer pipe; one end of the grouting outer pipe is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the grouting inner pipe, so that a first grouting channel with one open end and one closed end is formed between the grouting outer pipe and the grouting inner pipe; at least two arc-shaped guard plates are uniformly distributed on the outer part of the grouting outer pipe along the circumferential direction of the grouting outer pipe; the arc-shaped guard plate is connected with the grouting outer pipe through a telescopic device;
the telescopic device comprises a piston cylinder, a piston, a reset elastic piece and a guniting pipe; the inner cavity of the piston cylinder is of a structure with one open end and one closed end; the piston cylinder is arranged along the radial direction of the grouting outer pipe, and the opening end of the piston cylinder is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the grouting outer pipe; the piston is in sliding fit in the inner cavity of the piston cylinder; one end of the guniting pipe is fixedly connected with the arc-shaped guard plate, and the other end of the guniting pipe penetrates through the closed end of the piston cylinder and is fixedly connected with the piston; a through hole for a slurry spraying pipe to pass through is formed in the closed end of the piston cylinder; the reset elastic piece is arranged in the inner cavity of the piston cylinder and is positioned between the piston and the closed end of the piston cylinder;
a first grouting hole is formed in the wall of the grouting outer pipe and corresponds to the inner cavity of the piston cylinder; a second grouting hole is formed in the piston and corresponds to the inner cavity of the guniting pipe; the size of the first grouting hole is larger than that of the second grouting hole; and the arc-shaped guard plate is provided with a guniting hole at a position corresponding to the inner cavity of the guniting pipe.
Furthermore, the arc-shaped protection plate is provided with bending sections which are bent towards the outer surface of the grouting outer pipe along the two axial ends of the grouting outer pipe.
Further, the end of the grouting inner pipe, which is positioned at the closed end of the first grouting channel, is positioned outside the grouting outer pipe and forms an extension.
Further, the outer surface of the extension section is provided with an external thread section or the inner surface of the extension section is provided with an internal thread section.
Furthermore, the outer surface of the end of the grouting outer pipe, which is positioned at the opening end of the first grouting channel, is provided with an external thread section; the outer surface of the end, located at the opening end of the first grouting channel, of the grouting inner pipe is provided with an external thread section.
Further, the inner surface of the end, located at the opening end of the first grouting channel, of the grouting outer pipe is provided with an internal thread section; the inner surface of the end of the grouting inner pipe, which is positioned at the opening end of the first grouting channel, is provided with an inner thread section.
Further, the return elastic element is a compression spring.
The loose stratum pore-forming device comprises a drill rod and a down-the-hole impactor; the device also comprises a grouting device; the drill rod comprises a drill rod outer pipe and a drill rod inner pipe coaxially fixed in the drill rod outer pipe; a second grouting channel with two open ends is formed between the drill rod outer pipe and the drill rod inner pipe;
one end of the drill rod is connected with the down-the-hole hammer through a grouting device, an inner cavity of the inner pipe of the drill rod is communicated with an inner cavity of the down-the-hole hammer through an inner cavity of the inner pipe of the grouting pipe, and the second grouting channel is communicated with the first grouting channel.
Furthermore, the drill rod is detachably connected with the grouting device; the down-the-hole impacter is detachably connected with the grouting device.
A method for pore-forming a unconsolidated formation, comprising the steps of:
s1, assembling a loose stratum pore-forming device; installing a drill pipe on an anchoring drilling machine; the outer end of the inner pipe of the drill rod is closed, and the air compressor is communicated with the inner cavity of the inner pipe of the drill rod; closing the outer end of the second grouting channel, and communicating the grouting machine with the second grouting channel;
s2, starting an anchoring drilling machine and an air compressor, and drilling an anchor hole on the slope through a loose stratum hole forming device; when the down-the-hole impactor drills into the unconsolidated formation, a grouting machine is started, and grout is injected into the unconsolidated formation through a grouting device; and after the down-the-hole impactor passes through the unconsolidated formation, closing the grouting machine and continuing drilling.
The beneficial effects of the invention are: according to the grouting device, the loose stratum pore-forming device and the pore-forming method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the grouting device is arranged between the drill rod and the down-the-hole impactor, when the down-the-hole impactor drills into the loose stratum, slurry can be injected into the loose stratum through the grouting device without stopping drilling, the hole wall of the anchor hole is prevented from collapsing at the loose stratum, the purpose of preventing the hole from collapsing by grouting and fixing the wall while drilling is achieved, the pore-forming quality of the anchor hole is improved, and the pore-forming efficiency of the anchor hole is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below; it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a grouting device provided in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 isbase:Sub>A cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a state diagram of a grouting device provided by an embodiment of the invention during grouting;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a loose formation pore-forming device provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a drill pipe provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view C-C of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a diagram of a loose formation pore-forming device as used in drilling a side slope.
The reference numbers in the figures are: 1-loose formation pore-forming device, 2-drill rod, 3-down-the-hole impactor, 4-grouting device, 5-anchoring drilling machine, 6-air compressor, 7-grouting machine, 8-loose formation, 9-anchor hole, 10-outer grouting pipe, 11-inner grouting pipe, 12-first grouting channel, 13-arc guard plate, 14-piston cylinder, 15-piston, 16-reset elastic element, 17-shotcrete pipe, 18-through hole, 19-first grouting hole, 20-second grouting hole, 21-shotcrete hole, 22-bending section, 23-extension section, 24-outer drill rod pipe, 25-inner drill rod pipe, 26-second grouting channel, 27-first support rod, 28-blocking ring plate, 29-second support rod, 30-pipe cap, 31-grout port and 32-air inlet.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present invention, the following further description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a grouting device provided in an embodiment of the invention; fig. 2 isbase:Sub>A sectional viewbase:Sub>A-base:Sub>A in fig. 1.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a grouting device 4 provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes a grouting outer pipe 10 and a grouting inner pipe 11 coaxially fixed in the grouting outer pipe 10; one end of the grouting outer pipe 10 is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the grouting inner pipe 11, so that a first grouting channel 12 with one open end and one closed end is formed between the grouting outer pipe 10 and the grouting inner pipe 11; at least two arc-shaped guard plates 13 are uniformly distributed on the outer part of the grouting outer pipe 10 along the circumferential direction of the grouting outer pipe; the arc-shaped guard plate 13 is connected with the grouting outer pipe 10 through a telescopic device;
the telescopic device comprises a piston cylinder 14, a piston 15, a reset elastic piece 16 and a guniting pipe 17; the inner cavity of the piston cylinder 14 is of a structure with one open end and one closed end; the piston cylinder 14 is arranged along the radial direction of the grouting outer pipe 10, and the open end of the piston cylinder is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the grouting outer pipe 10; the piston 15 is in sliding fit in the inner cavity of the piston cylinder 14; one end of the guniting pipe 17 is fixedly connected with the arc-shaped guard plate 13, and the other end of the guniting pipe 17 penetrates through the closed end of the piston cylinder 14 and is fixedly connected with the piston 15; a through hole 18 for a guniting pipe 17 to pass through is formed in the closed end of the piston cylinder 14; the return elastic piece 16 is arranged in the inner cavity of the piston cylinder 14 and is positioned between the piston 15 and the closed end of the piston cylinder 14;
a first grouting hole 19 is formed in the wall of the grouting outer tube 10 and corresponds to the inner cavity of the piston cylinder 14; a second grouting hole 20 is formed in the position, corresponding to the inner cavity of the guniting pipe 17, on the piston 15; the size of the first grouting hole 19 is larger than that of the second grouting hole 20; and a guniting hole 21 is formed in the arc-shaped guard plate 13 and corresponds to the inner cavity of the guniting pipe 17.
The grouting device 4 provided by the embodiment of the invention is used for being arranged between a drill rod 2 and a down-the-hole hammer 3. The grouting device 4 functions as a drill rod during normal drilling. When drilling in the unconsolidated formation 8, the grouting device 4 not only plays a role of a drill rod, but also can inject grout into the unconsolidated formation 8 through the grouting device 4 to prevent the hole wall of the anchor hole 9 from collapsing at the unconsolidated formation 8, so that the purpose of preventing hole collapse by grouting and wall fixing while drilling is achieved, the hole forming quality is ensured, and the hole forming efficiency is improved.
For convenience of description, the terms "left" and "right" are used in the left and right directions of the drawings, but do not limit the structure of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the outer grouting pipe 10 and the inner grouting pipe 11 are both made of steel pipes, and the inner diameter of the outer grouting pipe 10 is greater than the outer diameter of the inner grouting pipe 11. The grouting inner pipe 11 is coaxially fixed in the inner cavity of the grouting outer pipe 10. Specifically, at least two groups of first support rods 27 are axially installed between the outer wall of the inner grouting pipe 11 and the inner wall of the outer grouting pipe 10, and each group of first support rods 27 comprises at least three support rods which are uniformly distributed circumferentially. The number of the first support rods 27 is not specifically limited, as long as the grouting outer pipe 10 and the grouting inner pipe 11 can meet the design requirements after being connected.
For example, referring to fig. 1 and 2, three groups of first support rods 27 are arranged between the outer wall of the inner grouting pipe 11 and the inner wall of the outer grouting pipe 10, and each group of first support rods 27 comprises three circumferentially and uniformly distributed support rods. Wherein, in the middle group of first supporting rods 27, one end of each first supporting rod 27 is welded with the outer wall of the inner grouting pipe 11, and the other end is abutted against the inner wall of the outer grouting pipe 10; in the two groups of first supporting rods 27 located at the two ends, one end of each first supporting rod 27 is welded to the outer wall of the inner grouting pipe 11, and the other end is welded to the inner wall of the outer grouting pipe 10.
Referring to fig. 1, the right end of the outer grouting pipe 10 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the inner grouting pipe 11, so that a first grouting channel 12 with an open left end and a closed right end is formed between the outer grouting pipe 10 and the inner grouting pipe 11.
For example, the right end of the outer grouting pipe 10 is provided with a blocking ring plate 28 welded on the outer wall of the inner grouting pipe 11, and the blocking ring plate 28 is welded with the right end of the outer grouting pipe 10, so that the right end of the first grouting channel 12 is sealed by the blocking ring plate 28. Of course, the right end of the outer grouting pipe 10 may also be welded directly to the outer wall of the inner grouting pipe 11 to close the right end of the first grouting channel 12.
Referring to fig. 1, the end of the grouting inner pipe 11 at the closed end of the first grouting channel 12 is located outside the grouting outer pipe 10 and forms an extension 23. During drilling, the extension section 23 is used for connecting with the down-the-hole hammer 3 and communicating the inner cavity of the grouting inner pipe 11 with the inner cavity of the down-the-hole hammer 3.
The extension 23 may be attached to the down-the-hole hammer 3 by welding, but this attachment is not readily detachable. Preferably, the extension 23 is removably connected to the down-the-hole hammer 3. In one embodiment, the outer surface of the extension section 23 is provided with an external thread section, and the down-hole hammer 3 is provided with an internal thread section matched with the external thread section; the extension section 23 is connected with the down-the-hole hammer 3 through a matched external thread section and an internal thread section. As another embodiment, the inner surface of the extension section 23 is provided with an internal thread section, and the down-the-hole hammer 3 is provided with an external thread section matched with the internal thread section; the extension section 23 is connected with the down-the-hole hammer 3 by a matching internal thread section and external thread section.
The left end of the grouting device 4 is intended to be connected to a drill rod 2, see fig. 1. In this embodiment, the left end of the grouting device 4 is connected with the drill rod 2 through a thread structure. In one embodiment, the outer surface of the outer grouting pipe 10 at the end of the first grouting channel 12 at the open end is provided with an external thread section; the outer surface of the end of the inner grouting pipe 11, which is positioned at the opening end of the first grouting channel 12, is provided with an external thread section. As another embodiment, the inner surface of the outer grouting pipe 10 at the end of the first grouting channel 12 at the open end is provided with an internal thread section; the inner surface of the grouting inner pipe 11 at the end of the first grouting channel 12 at the opening end is provided with an internal thread section.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, at least two arc-shaped guard plates 13 are uniformly distributed on the outer portion of the outer grouting pipe 10 along the circumferential direction thereof, and each arc-shaped guard plate 13 is connected with the outer wall of the outer grouting pipe 10 through a telescopic device. Preferably, the number of the arc-shaped guard plates 13 is two. The arc-shaped guard plate 13 is of an arc-shaped plate-shaped structure, the central line of the arc-shaped guard plate 13 is parallel to the axis of the grouting outer pipe 10, the radius of the outer surface of the arc-shaped guard plate 13 is consistent with that of the anchor hole 9, and the outer surface of the arc-shaped guard plate 13 refers to the surface facing the inner wall of the anchor hole 9 in the working process.
By arranging the telescopic device and the arc-shaped guard plate 13, when grouting needs to be carried out on the inner wall of the anchor hole 9, the arc-shaped guard plate 13 can be controlled to be tightly attached to the inner wall of the anchor hole 9 through the telescopic device so as to protect the inner wall of the anchor hole 9 and prevent the inner wall of the anchor hole 9 from locally collapsing due to slurry disturbance on the stratum during grouting; after grouting, the arc-shaped guard plate 13 can be controlled to be separated from the inner wall of the anchor hole 9 through the telescopic device, and friction between the arc-shaped guard plate 13 and the inner wall of the anchor hole 9 is reduced.
Referring to fig. 1, both ends of the arc-shaped protection plate 13 in the axial direction of the outer grouting pipe 10 are provided with bent sections 22 bent toward the outer surface of the outer grouting pipe 10. Through setting up bend section 22, when slip casting device 4 removed the in-process in anchor eye 9, no matter be in slip casting state or at non-slip casting state, all can prevent the tip of arc backplate 13 and the pore wall contact of anchor eye 9, avoid appearing the tip of arc backplate 13 and insert the condition that damages anchor eye 9 in the pore wall of anchor eye 9.
The telescopic device comprises a piston cylinder 14, a piston 15, a reset elastic piece 16 and a guniting pipe 17.
The inner cavity of the piston cylinder 14 is a cylindrical structure with one open end and one closed end, and the two ends of the piston cylinder 14 along the axial direction are respectively an open end and a closed end. The axial direction of the piston cylinder 14 is arranged along the radial direction of the grouting outer pipe 10, and the opening end of the piston cylinder 14 is connected with the outer wall of the grouting outer pipe 10 in a sealing and welding manner; the piston 15 is in sliding fit in the inner cavity of the piston cylinder 14 and can reciprocate in the piston cylinder 14 along the axial direction thereof; the guniting pipe 17 is a tubular structure with two open ends, the guniting pipe 17 is arranged along the radial direction of the grouting outer pipe 10, one end of the guniting pipe 17 is welded and connected with the inner surface of the arc-shaped guard plate 13, and the inner surface of the arc-shaped guard plate 13 refers to the surface facing the outer wall of the grouting outer pipe 10; the other end of the guniting pipe 17 penetrates through a through hole 18 on the closed end of the piston cylinder 14 and then is connected with the end face of the piston 15 in a welding mode.
A return elastic member 16 is disposed in the inner cavity of the piston cylinder 14 and between the piston 15 and the closed end of the piston cylinder 14, and the return elastic member 16 can provide a return force for driving the piston 15 away from the closed end of the piston cylinder 14. The restoring elastic member 16 is a member that is elastically deformed by an external force and is restored to its original shape after the external force is removed. In an embodiment of the present invention, the return elastic element 16 may be a rubber element, a metal reed, a compression spring, or the like, and is not limited herein. Preferably, the return elastic member 16 is a compression spring.
A first grouting hole 19 is formed in the wall of the grouting outer tube 10 and corresponds to the inner cavity of the piston cylinder 14; a second grouting hole 20 is formed in the piston 15 and corresponds to the inner cavity of the guniting pipe 17, and the size of the first grouting hole 19 is larger than that of the second grouting hole 20; and a guniting hole 21 is formed in the arc-shaped guard plate 13 and corresponds to the inner cavity of the guniting pipe 17. The first grouting hole 19 is arranged for communicating the first grouting passage 12 with the inner cavity of the piston cylinder 14. Preferably, the size of the first grouting hole 19 is slightly smaller than the size of the inner cavity of the piston cylinder 14, so that the piston 15 is limited at the opening end of the piston cylinder 14, and the piston 15 is prevented from being separated from the inner cavity of the piston cylinder 14. The second grouting hole 20 is provided for communicating the inner cavity of the shotcrete pipe 17 with the first grouting hole 19. The guniting hole 21 is used for communicating the outer part of the inner cavity arc-shaped guard plate 13 of the guniting pipe 17.
FIG. 3 is a state diagram of a grouting device provided by an embodiment of the invention during grouting; fig. 4 is a sectional view taken along line B-B of fig. 3.
The grouting principle of the grouting device 4 provided by the embodiment of the invention is explained with reference to fig. 1 to 4 as follows:
an initial state: during normal drilling, the elastic resetting piece 16 in the telescopic device is in a natural state, and the distance between the arc-shaped protection plate 13 and the grouting outer pipe 10 is minimum, so that the arc-shaped protection plate 13 is separated from the inner wall of the anchoring hole 9, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2.
The expansion device is in a gradually opening state: after drilling into the unconsolidated formation 8, slurry is continuously injected into the first grouting channel 12 through the grouting machine 7, the grouting pressure is controlled to be gradually increased through the grouting machine 7, and due to the fact that the size of the first grouting hole 19 is larger than that of the second grouting hole 20, the piston 15 can be driven to move towards the closed end of the piston cylinder 14 in the piston cylinder 14 under the effect of the gradually increased grouting pressure, the arc-shaped protection plate 13 is driven to move towards the inner wall of the anchor hole 9 through the shotcrete pipe 17, and in the process, the resetting elastic piece 16 is gradually pressed and deformed. In the process of gradually opening the expansion device, although part of the grout in the first grouting channel 12 is sequentially sprayed to the outside of the arc-shaped protection plate 13 through the first grouting hole 19, the second grouting hole 20, the inner cavity of the guniting pipe 17 and the guniting hole 21, the gradual opening of the expansion device is not affected.
And (3) normal guniting state: after the arc-shaped guard plate 13 contacts with the inner wall of the anchor hole 9, the piston 15 stops moving in the piston cylinder 14, as shown in fig. 3 and 4; at this time, the grouting pressure is controlled to be stabilized to the pressure P only by the grouting machine 7, and the grout in the first grouting channel 12 can be sprayed on the inner wall of the anchor hole 9 at the unconsolidated formation 8 through the first grouting hole 19, the second grouting hole 20, the inner cavity of the shotcrete pipe 17 and the guniting hole 21 in sequence, so that the inner wall of the anchor hole 9 is reinforced.
The automatic retraction state of the telescopic device is as follows: after the grouting machine 7 penetrates through the unconsolidated formation 8, stopping grouting, and eliminating grouting pressure, wherein at the moment, under the reset acting force provided by the reset elastic piece 16, the piston 15 is driven to move towards the opening end of the piston cylinder 14 in the piston cylinder 14, and simultaneously, the arc-shaped guard plate 13 is driven to move towards the outer wall of the grouting outer pipe 10 through the grout spraying pipe 17, so that the arc-shaped guard plate 13 is separated from the inner wall of the anchor hole 9; when the return elastic member 16 returns to the initial state, the piston 15 stops moving in the piston cylinder 14, as shown in fig. 1 and 2.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a loose formation pore-forming device provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Referring to fig. 5 to 7, the loose formation pore-forming device 1 provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises a drill rod 2 and a down-the-hole hammer 3; the grouting device 4 is also included; the drill rod 2 comprises a drill rod outer pipe 24 and a drill rod inner pipe 25 coaxially fixed in the drill rod outer pipe 24; a second grouting channel 26 with two open ends is formed between the drill pipe outer pipe 24 and the drill pipe inner pipe 25; one end of the drill rod 2 is connected with the down-the-hole hammer 3 through a grouting device 4, the inner cavity of the drill rod inner pipe 25 is communicated with the inner cavity of the down-the-hole hammer 3 through the inner cavity of the grouting inner pipe 11, and the second grouting channel 26 is communicated with the first grouting channel 12.
The down-the-hole hammer 3 is a device for drilling, and the principle of the down-the-hole hammer is that compressed air is provided by a compressor to enter the hammer to drive a piston positioned in the hammer to generate high-speed reciprocating motion, the piston reciprocates to strike a drill bit once and again, rock breaking is realized through alloy teeth at the front end of the drill bit, and rock slag generated in the rock breaking process is discharged by waste gas discharged from the drill bit. In this embodiment, the down-the-hole hammer 3 may be of an existing construction and may be purchased directly from the market.
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a drill rod provided by an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view C-C of fig. 6.
Referring to fig. 6 and 7, the drill rod 2 comprises an outer drill rod tube 24 and an inner drill rod tube 25. The outer drill rod pipe 24 and the inner drill rod pipe 25 are both made of steel pipes, and the inner diameter of the outer drill rod pipe 24 is larger than the outer diameter of the inner drill rod pipe 25. Preferably, the cross-sectional shape and size of the drill pipe outer pipe 24 are consistent with the cross-sectional shape and size of the grouting outer pipe 10; the cross-sectional shape and dimensions of the drill pipe inner tube 25 correspond to the cross-sectional shape and dimensions of the inner slip casting tube 11.
The drill rod inner pipe 25 is coaxially fixed in the inner cavity of the drill rod outer pipe 24, so that a second grouting channel 26 with two open ends is formed between the drill rod outer pipe 24 and the drill rod inner pipe 25. Specifically, at least two groups of second support rods 29 are axially arranged between the outer wall of the drill rod inner pipe 25 and the outer wall of the drill rod outer pipe 24, and each group of second support rods 29 comprises at least three second support rods which are uniformly distributed circumferentially. The number of the second support rods 29 is not specifically limited, as long as it is ensured that the design requirements can be met after the drill rod outer tube 24 is connected with the drill rod inner tube 25.
For example, referring to fig. 6 and 7, the left end of the drill rod outer pipe 24 is flush with the left end of the drill rod inner pipe 25, and the right end of the drill rod outer pipe 24 is flush with the right end of the drill rod inner pipe 25; at least four groups of second support rods 29 are arranged between the outer wall of the drill rod inner pipe 25 and the inner wall of the drill rod outer pipe 24, and each group of second support rods 29 comprises three second support rods which are uniformly distributed on the circumference. Wherein, in the two groups of second support rods 29 at the two ends, one end of each second support rod 29 is welded with the outer wall of the drill rod inner tube 25, and the other end is welded with the inner wall of the drill rod outer tube 24; in the rest groups of the second support rods 29, one end of each second support rod 29 is connected with the outer wall of the drill rod inner pipe 25 in a welding mode, and the other end of each second support rod 29 abuts against the inner wall of the drill rod outer pipe 24.
The drill rod 2 provided by the embodiment of the invention can be designed into a standard knot with the length of L, wherein one end of the standard knot is provided with an external thread, and the other end of the standard knot is provided with an internal thread matched with the external thread. In use, a plurality of standard joints may be connected by a threaded arrangement to form a longer drill rod 2.
For example, referring to fig. 6 and 7, the left end of the inner wall of the outer drill pipe 24 is provided with an internal thread section, and the right end of the inner wall of the outer drill pipe 24 is provided with an external thread section matched with the internal thread section at the left end; the left end of the inner wall of the drill rod inner tube 25 is provided with an internal thread section, and the right end of the inner wall of the drill rod inner tube 25 is provided with an external thread section matched with the internal thread section at the left end of the inner wall; in this way, two drill rods 2 can be connected by means of a threaded structure.
Referring to fig. 5, the drill pipe 2 is connected to a down-the-hole hammer 3 by means of the grouting device 4. Specifically, the right end of the drill rod outer pipe 24 is fixedly connected with the left end of the grouting outer pipe 10, the right end of the drill rod inner pipe 25 is fixedly connected with the left end of the grouting inner pipe 11, the right end of the grouting inner pipe 11 is fixedly connected with the down-the-hole hammer 3, so that the inner cavity of the drill rod inner pipe 25 is communicated with the inner cavity of the down-the-hole hammer 3 through the inner cavity of the grouting inner pipe 11, and the second grouting channel 26 is communicated with the first grouting channel 12.
The grouting device 4 can be connected with the drill pipe 2 and the down-hole hammer 3 in a welding mode, but the grouting device is not convenient to disassemble. Preferably, the drill rod 2 is detachably connected with the grouting device 4; the down-the-hole hammer 3 is detachably connected with the grouting device 4.
For example, referring to fig. 5, the right end of the inner pipe 11 is removably connected to the down-the-hole hammer 3 by a screw thread arrangement; the left end of the grouting inner pipe 11 is detachably connected with the right end of the drill rod inner pipe 25 through a thread structure, and the thread structure can comprise; the left end of the grouting outer pipe 10 is detachably connected with the right end of the drill rod outer pipe 24 through a threaded structure. The thread structures comprise an external thread section arranged on one element and an internal thread section which is arranged on the other element and matched with the external thread section.
The embodiment of the invention provides a loose stratum pore-forming method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, assembling a loose stratum pore-forming device 1; mounting the drill rod 2 on the anchor drill 5; the outer end of the drill rod inner pipe 25 is closed, and the air compressor 6 is communicated with the inner cavity of the drill rod inner pipe 25; closing the outer end of the second grouting passage 26 and communicating the grouting machine 7 with the second grouting passage 26;
s2, starting the anchoring drilling machine 5 and the air compressor 6, and drilling an anchoring hole 9 on the side slope through the unconsolidated formation pore-forming device 1; when the down-the-hole impactor 3 drills into the unconsolidated formation 8, the grouting machine 7 is started, and grout is injected into the unconsolidated formation 8 through the grouting device 4; after the down-the-hole impactor 3 has penetrated the unconsolidated formation 8, the slip casting machine 7 is closed and drilling continues.
In step S1, referring to fig. 5, the unconsolidated formation pore-forming apparatus 1 is assembled, and the drill rod 2 is mounted on the anchor drill 5; then, installing a pipe cap 30 at the outer end of the drill rod 2 through a thread structure, and further simultaneously closing the outer end of the inner cavity of the inner pipe 25 of the drill rod and the outer end of the second grouting channel 26 through the pipe cap 30; a slurry port 31 communicated with the second grouting channel 26 is formed in the pipe cap 30, and an air inlet 32 communicated with the inner cavity of the inner pipe 25 of the drill rod is formed in the pipe cap 30; then the air compressor 6 is communicated with the inner cavity of the drill pipe inner pipe 25 through the air inlet 32 on the pipe cap 30, and the grouting machine 7 is communicated with the second grouting channel 26 through the slurry port 31 on the pipe cap 30.
In the step S2, referring to fig. 8, the anchoring drill 5 and the air compressor 6 are started, the air compressor 6 conveys compressed air into the down-the-hole hammer 3 to drive the down-the-hole hammer 3 to work through the air inlet 32, the inner cavity of the drill pipe inner pipe 25 and the inner cavity of the grouting inner pipe 11 in sequence, and the anchoring drill 5 provides an axial driving force for the drill pipe 2; when the down-the-hole impactor 3 drills into the unconsolidated formation 8, the grouting machine 7 is started, the grouting machine 7 continuously injects grout into the first grouting channel 12 through the grout port 31 and the second grouting channel 26 in sequence, then the grouting device 4 injects grout into the unconsolidated formation 8, and after the down-the-hole impactor 3 penetrates through the unconsolidated formation 8, the grouting machine 7 is closed and drilling continues until the anchor hole 9 reaches the set depth. The grouting principle of the grouting device 4 in step S2 is consistent with the grouting principle described above, and is not described herein again.
According to the loose stratum pore-forming method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the grouting device 4 is arranged between the drill rod 2 and the down-the-hole impactor 3, when the down-the-hole impactor 3 drills into the loose stratum 8, slurry can be injected into the loose stratum 8 through the grouting device 4 without stopping drilling, the hole wall of the anchor hole 9 is prevented from collapsing at the position of the loose stratum 8, the purpose of preventing hole collapse by grouting and fixing the wall while drilling is achieved, the pore-forming quality of the anchor hole is improved, and the pore-forming efficiency of the anchor hole is improved. In order to further improve the pore-forming efficiency, the slurry in the embodiment of the invention can adopt quick setting slurry to reduce the setting time of the slurry and improve the pore-forming efficiency.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The loose stratum pore-forming device comprises a drill rod (2) and a down-the-hole hammer (3), and is characterized by also comprising a grouting device (4); the grouting device (4) comprises a grouting outer pipe (10) and a grouting inner pipe (11) coaxially fixed in the grouting outer pipe (10); one end of the grouting outer pipe (10) is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the grouting inner pipe (11), so that a first grouting channel (12) with one open end and one closed end is formed between the grouting outer pipe (10) and the grouting inner pipe (11); at least two arc-shaped guard plates (13) are uniformly distributed on the outer part of the grouting outer pipe (10) along the circumferential direction of the grouting outer pipe; the arc-shaped guard plate (13) is connected with the grouting outer pipe (10) through a telescopic device;
the telescopic device comprises a piston cylinder (14), a piston (15), a reset elastic piece (16) and a guniting pipe (17); the inner cavity of the piston cylinder (14) is of a structure with one open end and one closed end; the piston cylinder (14) is arranged along the radial direction of the grouting outer pipe (10), and the opening end of the piston cylinder is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the grouting outer pipe (10); the piston (15) is in sliding fit in the inner cavity of the piston cylinder (14); one end of the guniting pipe (17) is fixedly connected with the arc-shaped guard plate (13), and the other end of the guniting pipe (17) penetrates through the closed end of the piston cylinder (14) and is fixedly connected with the piston (15); a through hole (18) for a guniting pipe (17) to pass through is formed in the closed end of the piston cylinder (14); the resetting elastic piece (16) is arranged in the inner cavity of the piston cylinder (14) and is positioned between the piston (15) and the closed end of the piston cylinder (14);
a first grouting hole (19) is formed in the wall of the grouting outer pipe (10) and corresponds to the inner cavity of the piston cylinder (14); a second grouting hole (20) is formed in the position, corresponding to the inner cavity of the guniting pipe (17), on the piston (15); the size of the first grouting hole (19) is larger than that of the second grouting hole (20); a guniting hole (21) is formed in the arc-shaped guard plate (13) at a position corresponding to the inner cavity of the guniting pipe (17); both ends of the arc-shaped guard plate (13) along the axial direction of the grouting outer pipe (10) are provided with bending sections (22) which are bent towards the outer surface of the grouting outer pipe (10);
the drill rod (2) comprises a drill rod outer pipe (24) and a drill rod inner pipe (25) coaxially fixed in the drill rod outer pipe (24); a second grouting channel (26) with two open ends is formed between the drill rod outer pipe (24) and the drill rod inner pipe (25);
one end of the drill rod (2) is connected with the down-the-hole impactor (3) through a grouting device (4), the inner cavity of the drill rod inner pipe (25) is communicated with the inner cavity of the down-the-hole impactor (3) through the inner cavity of the grouting inner pipe (11), and the second grouting channel (26) is communicated with the first grouting channel (12).
2. A device for forming a hole in a loose ground according to claim 1, characterised in that the end of the grouting inner pipe (11) which is located at the closed end of the first grouting channel (12) is located outside the grouting outer pipe (10) and forms an extension (23).
3. Unconsolidated formation pore forming device according to claim 2, characterized in that the outer surface of the extension (23) is provided with an external thread section or the inner surface of the extension (23) is provided with an internal thread section.
4. A hole forming device for unconsolidated formation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer surface of the outer grouting pipe (10) at the end of the first grouting passage (12) at the open end is provided with an external thread section; the outer surface of one end of the grouting inner pipe (11) positioned at the opening end of the first grouting channel (12) is provided with an external thread section.
5. A unconsolidated formation pore-forming device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inner surface of the outer grouting pipe (10) at the end of the first grouting channel (12) at the open end is provided with an internal thread section; the inner surface of one end of the grouting inner pipe (11) positioned at the opening end of the first grouting channel (12) is provided with an internal thread section.
6. Unconsolidated formation perforating device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the return spring (16) is a compression spring.
7. A hole forming device for unconsolidated formation according to claim 1, characterized in that the drill rod (2) is detachably connected with a grouting device (4); the down-the-hole hammer (3) is detachably connected with the grouting device (4).
8. The loose stratum pore-forming method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, assembling the loose stratum pore-forming device (1) as claimed in claim 1; mounting the drill rod (2) on an anchoring drilling machine (5); the outer end of the drill rod inner pipe (25) is closed, and the air compressor (6) is communicated with the inner cavity of the drill rod inner pipe (25); closing the outer end of the second grouting channel (26) and communicating the grouting machine (7) with the second grouting channel (26);
s2, starting an anchoring drilling machine (5) and an air compressor (6), and drilling an anchor hole (9) on the slope through a loose stratum pore-forming device (1); when the down-the-hole impactor (3) drills into the unconsolidated formation (8), a grouting machine (7) is started, and grout is injected into the unconsolidated formation (8) through a grouting device (4); after the down-the-hole impactor (3) penetrates through the unconsolidated formation (8), the grouting machine (7) is closed to continue drilling.
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| CN202110319415.5A CN113026775B (en) | 2021-03-25 | 2021-03-25 | Grouting device, loose stratum pore-forming device and pore-forming method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPS5646021A (en) * | 1979-09-21 | 1981-04-27 | Nakatomi Kurimoto | Injecting device for grout for improving poor subsoil |
| CN105863694B (en) * | 2016-04-21 | 2017-11-14 | 山东科技大学 | Chamber device and its construction method are expanded in a kind of anchor pole end |
| CN206928898U (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2018-01-26 | 北京荣创岩土工程股份有限公司 | In the down-the-hole impact device of base injcction high pressure slurries |
| CN207878461U (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2018-09-18 | 山东省交通规划设计院 | A kind of hollow grouting anchor being easy to centering |
| CN108797561B (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2020-08-04 | 广东诚创建设有限公司 | Grouting pipe for soft foundation and foundation reinforcing method using grouting pipe |
| CN111549756B (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2021-11-19 | 中南大学 | Grouting reinforcement equipment for karst soft filler |
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