High-temperature-resistant composite material missile wing and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of composite materials, in particular to a high-temperature-resistant composite material missile wing for a high-speed missile and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The missile wing bears aerodynamic load and provides lift force in the missile flying process, the aerodynamic heating effect is more and more severe along with the increase of the missile speed, and when the missile flying speed reaches 2 Mach, the front edge stagnation point temperature reaches 100 ℃, 350 ℃ when 3 Mach and more than 1000 ℃ when 5 Mach. At present, the missile wing mainly has structural forms of alloy steel, titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, steel skeleton, composite material skin and the like, the alloy steel structure is heavy, the titanium alloy is high in price and difficult to form, a non-metal material is required to be added on the surface of the missile wing to insulate heat when the temperature is over 500 ℃, the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy is sharply reduced when the temperature is over 300 ℃, and the steel skeleton and composite material skin structure is difficult to assemble. In recent years, many researches on high-temperature resistant composite material missile wings exist, but some composite materials are found to have better mechanical properties but not have ablation resistance, for example, a polyimide resin-based composite material has Tg close to 500 ℃, but is not ablation resistant and expensive, and some composite materials have ablation resistance but have insufficient mechanical properties, for example, a phenolic resin-based composite material also has the problem that the two materials are combined, the surface of the composite material is made of ablation-resistant phenolic resin, and the inside of the composite material is made of polyimide resin with good high-temperature mechanical properties, but the interface between the two materials is adhered. Therefore, a high-temperature resistant composite material missile wing is urgently needed, can meet the bearing requirement at high temperature, and is simple to form, light in weight and low in cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a high-temperature-resistant composite material missile wing and a preparation method thereof.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a high-temperature resistant composite material missile wing mainly comprises a structural layer, a heat insulation layer and an anti-ablation layer, wherein the heat insulation layer is arranged on the surfaces except a front edge, a wing tip and a rear edge; only the leading edge, the wing tip and the trailing edge are present with an anti-ablation layer.
The structural layer is carbon fiber fabric or glass fiber fabric/phthalonitrile resin prepreg.
The heat insulation layer is high silica fiber fabric or glass fiber fabric/phthalonitrile resin prepreg.
The ablation resistant layer is high silica chopped fiber/phthalonitrile resin premix.
The resin used for the structural layer, the heat insulation layer and the ablation resistant layer of the missile wing are the same, and are all phthalonitrile and other resin systems containing CN triple bonds, the resin has good high-temperature mechanical properties, the Tg is more than or equal to 350 ℃, the ablation resistant performance is excellent, the linear ablation rate is 0.083mm/s (about 0.1mm/s of phenolic resin), the carbon residue rate during ablation at 900 ℃ is more than or equal to 70%, the heat insulation performance is also good, and the heat conductivity is 0.4W/m.K.
Hollow fillers such as glass beads and phenolic microspheres are added into the prepreg of the heat insulation layer, so that the heat conductivity of the heat insulation layer is less than or equal to 0.5W/m.K, and the thickness of the heat insulation layer is more than or equal to 0.5 mm.
The thickness of the ablation-resistant layer is more than or equal to 10 mm.
A preparation method of a high-temperature-resistant composite material missile wing comprises the steps of preparing a prepreg from phthalonitrile resin, a carbon fiber fabric, a glass fiber fabric, a high silica fabric and the like by using a wet prepreg machine, preparing a premix from phthalonitrile resin and high silica chopped fibers by using a stirring kettle, manually paving a heat insulation layer on the lower surface in a female die, paving a structural layer, paving a heat insulation layer on the upper surface, manually paving an anti-ablation layer, closing the male die, placing the male die on a press, heating and pressurizing to integrally cure and mold the composite material missile wing.
The forming die consists of a female die, a male die, a top die block and a limiting block.
The front edge, the wing tip and the rear edge are directly molded to the specified size by compression, at least 10mm of allowance needs to be reserved in the wing root area, and the specified size is machined after molding.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following positive effects:
(1) high temperature resistance;
(2) the strength is high;
(3) the weight is light;
(4) integrally forming;
(5) the cost is low.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a forming die used in the present invention;
the labels in the figures are: 1. a structural layer; 2. a thermal insulation layer; 3 an ablation resistant layer; 4. a female die; 5, a top module; 6. a limiting block; 7. a male mold.
Detailed Description
The following provides a specific embodiment of the high temperature resistant composite missile wing and the preparation method thereof.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a high-temperature-resistant composite missile wing, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the missile wing is composed of a structural layer 1, a heat insulation layer 2 and an anti-ablation layer 3. The structural layer 1 is a carbon fiber fabric (or a glass fiber fabric)/phthalonitrile resin prepreg, the heat insulation layer 2 is a high silica fiber fabric (or a glass fiber fabric)/phthalonitrile resin prepreg, and the anti-ablation layer 3 is a high silica chopped fiber/phthalonitrile resin premix.
And determining the material, the number of layers and the angle of the structural layer 1 by using Patran and Nastran strength calculation software according to the requirements of the shape, the load, the strength and the rigidity of the missile wing.
The temperature field and the ablation amount were simulated using Ansys software, and the thickness of the thermal insulation layer 2 and the ablation resistant layer 3 was determined by a blow test.
And drawing a missile wing digital model and a layering diagram by using CATIA three-dimensional software.
And drawing a digital-analog model of the missile wing forming die by using CATIA three-dimensional software, wherein the forming die consists of a female die 4, a male die 7, a top die block 5 and a limiting block 6.
The preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant composite material missile wing in the embodiment mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) the prepreg is prepared from phthalonitrile resin, carbon fiber fabric, glass fiber fabric, high silica fabric and the like by using a wet prepreg machine.
(2) And (3) preparing the phthalonitrile resin and the high-silica chopped fibers into a premix by using a stirring kettle.
(3) In the female die 4, the thermal insulation layer 2 on the lower surface of the missile wing is manually paved.
(4) And paving and pasting the structural layer 1.
(5) And a heat insulation layer 2 is paved and attached to the upper surface of the missile wing.
(6) The ablation-resistant layer 3 was spread manually.
(7) After the male mold 7 is closed, the mold is placed on a press, and is cured and molded by heating and pressurizing.
(8) After the mold is opened, the ejection module 5 is used for ejecting the missile wing.
(9) The wing root area was machined to specified dimensions using a numerically controlled milling machine.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as being within the protection scope of the present invention.