CN113022032A - Polymer composite material and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
Polymer composite material and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113022032A CN113022032A CN202110438470.6A CN202110438470A CN113022032A CN 113022032 A CN113022032 A CN 113022032A CN 202110438470 A CN202110438470 A CN 202110438470A CN 113022032 A CN113022032 A CN 113022032A
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 229910001285 shape-memory alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004693 Polybenzimidazole Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 claims description 26
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910001000 nickel titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003446 memory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 stainless steel Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009740 moulding (composite fabrication) Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004017 vitrification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
- B32B1/08—Tubular products
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
- B32B3/10—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
- B32B3/12—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material characterised by a layer of regularly- arranged cells, e.g. a honeycomb structure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of high polymer materials, in particular to a high polymer composite material and a preparation process thereof. Has the advantages that: the high-temperature-resistant high-molecular rigid chain polymer has a simple structure, and a high-melting-point memory alloy is added to the outer layer of the high-temperature-resistant high-molecular rigid chain polymer to form a sandwich structure, so that the high-molecular rigid chain polymer is softened at high temperature (lower than the melting point of the high-melting-point memory alloy of the outer layer) without structural damage, and the high-molecular material still has certain toughness and ductility, has better creep resistance, reduces the risk of creep fracture, reduces the rigidity, but ensures certain strength, and after the temperature is recovered, the thermoplastic internal composite material is recovered to the original state with the help of the outer layer memory alloy, can be repeatedly used at normal temperature and high temperature, and has long service life.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high polymer materials, in particular to a high polymer composite material and a preparation process thereof.
Background
The high molecular material has poor aging resistance and limited high temperature performance, the surface of the material is difficult to coat, and the material is easy to relax stress and creep, but the common method adopted in the industry at present is blending, copolymerization or forming a composite material with other materials such as ceramics (high temperature resistance). The polymer material is mainly of a carbon chain structure, so that the polymer material is difficult to keep stable at a high temperature, and fracture and creep often occur. Therefore, a polymer composite material is needed to overcome the problems that the existing polymer material is often broken and creeped at high temperature, and the stability is difficult to maintain.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, embodiments of the present invention provide a polymer composite material and a preparation process thereof.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
a high-molecular composite material comprises a high-molecular material body, wherein the high-molecular material body is a high-temperature-resistant high-molecular rigid chain polymer, and a high-melting-point memory alloy layer is arranged outside the high-molecular material body.
Preferably, the polymer material is aryl PBI (wholly aromatic polybenzimidazole) in bulk.
Preferably, the refractory memory alloy layer is a nickel titanium alloy.
Preferably, the polymer material body is plate-shaped or tubular.
Preferably, the high melting point memory alloy layer completely covers the high polymer material body.
Preferably, the high melting point memory alloy layer is coated on the high polymer material body in a net shape.
Preferably, the preparation process of the polymer composite material comprises the following steps:
preparing a high polymer material body by adopting aryl PBI (all-aromatic polybenzimidazole);
step two, plating a plating layer on the high polymer material body obtained in the step one;
step three, phosphating the coating obtained in the step two;
and step four, adhering the plating layer subjected to the phosphating treatment in the step three to the high polymer material body obtained in the step one.
The embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention has simple structure, adopts the structure that the high melting point memory alloy is added on the outer layer on the basis of the existing high temperature resistant high molecular rigid chain polymer to form a sandwich structure, so that the composite material is softened at high temperature (lower than the melting point of the high melting point memory alloy on the outer layer) without structural damage, and the high molecular material still has certain toughness and ductility, simultaneously has better creep resistance, reduces the risk of creep rupture, reduces the rigidity but ensures certain strength, and after the temperature is recovered, the thermoplastic inner composite material is recovered to the original state under the help of the outer layer memory alloy, can be repeatedly used for many times at normal temperature and high temperature until the memory capacity of the outer layer alloy is reduced or the structure of the inner composite material is damaged, and has long service life.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a left side view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of example 2 of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a tubular core material; 2. an outer mesh coating layer; 3. an inner mesh coating layer; 4. a plate-shaped core material; 5. a first full cladding layer; 6. a second full clad layer.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only for explaining the technical principle of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-2, a polymer composite material is made into a tubular shape, and includes a tubular core 1, and the material of the tubular core 1 is aryl PBI (wholly aromatic polybenzimidazole). The aryl PBI (all-aromatic polybenzimidazole) is not decomposed at 538 ℃, the weight loss at 900 ℃ is only 30 percent, the instant high temperature resistance is excellent, and the normal service temperature is 300-370 ℃; aryl PBI (wholly aromatic polybenzimidazole) having a density of 1.3 to 1.4 g/cm3The vitrification temperature is as high as 334-500 ℃; acid and alkali resistant medium, flame resistance, self extinguishing property, good mechanical and electrical insulating property and extremely small thermal shrinkage; the polybenzimidazole can be used as a high-temperature structural adhesive, has high-temperature adhesive strength, and has the adhesive strength to metals such as stainless steel, titanium alloy and the like of 960.4N/cm at 537 DEG C2。
Be equipped with the netted coating 2 in the outside on the lateral wall of tubulose core 1, the netted coating 2 in the outside is netted cladding on the lateral wall of tubulose core 1, is equipped with inboard netted coating 3 on the inside wall of tubulose core 1, and inboard netted coating 3 is netted cladding on the inside wall of tubulose core 1. The outer reticular covering layer 2 and the inner reticular covering layer 3 are both made of nickel-titanium alloy. The nickel-titanium alloy has a two-way shape memory effect, is processed into a certain shape in a high-temperature phase (austenite phase) and is quenched, is plastically deformed into another shape in a low-temperature phase (martensite phase) state, and is then restored to the shape before low-temperature plastic deformation through martensite reverse transformation when heated to a temperature at which the high-temperature phase becomes a stable state. The super elasticity of the nickel-titanium alloy is stronger than the deformation recovery capability of common metals under the action of external force, and can bear deformation which is much larger than that of common materials without damage.
The preparation process of the polymer composite material comprises the following steps:
preparing a tubular core material 1 by adopting aryl PBI (all-aromatic polybenzimidazole);
step two, plating coating layers, namely an outer reticular coating layer 2 and an inner reticular coating layer 3, on the outer side wall and the inner side wall of the tubular core material 1 obtained in the step one;
step three, phosphating the outer mesh coating layer 2 and the inner mesh coating layer 3 obtained in the step two;
and step four, adhering the outer reticular covering layer 2 and the inner reticular covering layer 3 which are subjected to the phosphating treatment in the step three to the outer side wall and the inner side wall of the tubular core material 1 obtained in the step one respectively.
The invention has simple structure, adopts the structure that the high melting point memory alloy is added on the outer layer on the basis of the existing high temperature resistant high molecular rigid chain polymer to form a sandwich structure, so that the composite material is softened at high temperature (lower than the melting point of the high melting point memory alloy on the outer layer) without structural damage, and the high molecular material still has certain toughness and ductility, simultaneously has better creep resistance, reduces the risk of creep rupture, reduces the rigidity but ensures certain strength, and after the temperature is recovered, the thermoplastic inner composite material is recovered to the original state under the help of the outer layer memory alloy, can be repeatedly used for many times at normal temperature and high temperature until the memory capacity of the outer layer alloy is reduced or the structure of the inner composite material is damaged, and has long service life.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 3, a polymer composite material is made into a tubular shape, and includes a tubular core 1, and the material of the tubular core 1 is aryl PBI (wholly aromatic polybenzimidazole). The aryl PBI (all-aromatic polybenzimidazole) is not decomposed at 538 ℃, the weight loss at 900 ℃ is only 30 percent, the instant high temperature resistance is excellent, and the normal service temperature is 300-370 ℃; the density of aryl PBI (all aromatic polybenzimidazole) is 1.3 to 1.4 g/cm < 3 >, and the glass transition temperature is as high as 334 to 500 ℃; acid and alkali resistant medium, flame resistance, self extinguishing property, good mechanical and electrical insulating property and extremely small thermal shrinkage; the polybenzimidazole can be used as a high-temperature structural adhesive, has high-temperature adhesive strength, and has the adhesive strength to metals such as stainless steel, titanium alloy and the like of 960.4N/cm < 2 > at 537 ℃.
The top of the plate-shaped core material 4 is provided with a first full coating layer 5, the first full coating layer 5 completely coats the top of the plate-shaped core material 4, the bottom of the plate-shaped core material 4 is provided with a second full coating layer 6, and the second full coating layer 6 completely coats the bottom of the plate-shaped core material 4. The first full coating layer 5 and the second full coating layer 6 are both made of nickel-titanium alloy. The nickel-titanium alloy has a two-way shape memory effect, is processed into a certain shape in a high-temperature phase (austenite phase) and is quenched, is plastically deformed into another shape in a low-temperature phase (martensite phase) state, and is then restored to the shape before low-temperature plastic deformation through martensite reverse transformation when heated to a temperature at which the high-temperature phase becomes a stable state. The super elasticity of the nickel-titanium alloy is stronger than the deformation recovery capability of common metals under the action of external force, and can bear deformation which is much larger than that of common materials without damage.
The preparation process of the polymer composite material comprises the following steps:
preparing a plate-shaped core material 4 by adopting aryl PBI (all-aromatic polybenzimidazole);
step two, plating coating layers, namely a first full coating layer 5 and a second full coating layer 6, on the top and the bottom of the plate-shaped core material 4 obtained in the step one;
step three, phosphating the first full coating layer 5 and the second full coating layer 6 obtained in the step two;
and step four, respectively adhering the first full coating layer 5 and the second full coating layer 6 after the phosphating treatment in the step three to the top and the bottom of the plate-shaped core material 4 obtained in the step one.
The invention has simple structure, adopts the structure that the high melting point memory alloy is added on the outer layer on the basis of the existing high temperature resistant high molecular rigid chain polymer to form a sandwich structure, so that the composite material is softened at high temperature (lower than the melting point of the high melting point memory alloy on the outer layer) without structural damage, and the high molecular material still has certain toughness and ductility, simultaneously has better creep resistance, reduces the risk of creep rupture, reduces the rigidity but ensures certain strength, and after the temperature is recovered, the thermoplastic inner composite material is recovered to the original state under the help of the outer layer memory alloy, can be repeatedly used for many times at normal temperature and high temperature until the memory capacity of the outer layer alloy is reduced or the structure of the inner composite material is damaged, and has long service life.
It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicating the directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are only for convenience of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other similar term are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, article, or apparatus.
So far, the technical solutions of the present invention have been described in connection with the preferred embodiments shown in the drawings, but it is easily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Equivalent changes or substitutions of related technical features can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and the technical scheme after the changes or substitutions can fall into the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A high-molecular composite material comprises a high-molecular material body, and is characterized in that the high-molecular material body is a high-temperature-resistant high-molecular rigid chain polymer, and a high-melting-point memory alloy layer is arranged outside the high-molecular material body.
2. The polymeric composite of claim 1, wherein the polymeric material is aryl PBI (wholly aromatic polybenzimidazole).
3. The polymeric composite of claim 1, wherein the high melting point memory alloy layer is a nickel titanium alloy.
4. The polymer composite material according to claim 1, wherein: the high polymer material body is plate-shaped or tubular.
5. The polymer composite material according to claim 1, wherein the high melting point memory alloy layer completely covers the polymer material body.
6. The polymer composite material according to claim 1, wherein the high melting point memory alloy layer is coated on the polymer material body in a net shape.
7. A process for the preparation of a polymeric composite according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
preparing a high polymer material body by adopting aryl PBI (all-aromatic polybenzimidazole);
step two, plating a plating layer on the high polymer material body obtained in the step one;
step three, phosphating the coating obtained in the step two;
and step four, adhering the plating layer subjected to the phosphating treatment in the step three to the high polymer material body obtained in the step one.
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US5611874A (en) * | 1995-07-26 | 1997-03-18 | Surface Genesis, Inc. | Clad shape memory alloy composite structure and method |
TW201419645A (en) * | 2012-11-15 | 2014-05-16 | Univ Nat Taiwan Science Tech | Proton exchange membrane and its membrane electrode assembly for high temperature fuel cells |
CN204394034U (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-06-17 | 鲁晓珊 | A kind of container that can be out of shape with warming |
CN204687492U (en) * | 2015-01-26 | 2015-10-07 | 东莞市诺方斯电子科技有限公司 | A kind of high temperature resistant composite plate |
CN106496956A (en) * | 2016-10-20 | 2017-03-15 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of marmem and the modification processing method of resin boundary surface |
CN111206722A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2020-05-29 | 费希尔厂有限责任两合公司 | Fiber composite material |
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