CN113021886B - 3D printing spray head structure for realizing continuous fiber self-reinforced composite material supercooling forming - Google Patents
3D printing spray head structure for realizing continuous fiber self-reinforced composite material supercooling forming Download PDFInfo
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- CN113021886B CN113021886B CN202110253699.2A CN202110253699A CN113021886B CN 113021886 B CN113021886 B CN 113021886B CN 202110253699 A CN202110253699 A CN 202110253699A CN 113021886 B CN113021886 B CN 113021886B
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000011208 reinforced composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 title abstract description 15
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- -1 Polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005601 base polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003733 fiber-reinforced composite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003685 thermal hair damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
- B29C64/209—Heads; Nozzles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
Abstract
A3D printing spray head structure for realizing supercooling forming of a continuous fiber self-reinforced composite material comprises a liquefier, wherein the lower end of the liquefier is connected with a spray head, a matrix phase enters from the upper end of the liquefier, is heated by the liquefier to be in a molten state, enters the spray head, and is cooled to be below the melting point of the matrix phase and is not crystallized in the process from the liquefier to the spray head to form a supercooled melt; the side surface of the spray head is provided with a fiber hole, the reinforcing phase enters the supercooled melt of the matrix phase through the fiber hole, and the matrix phase is wrapped by the reinforcing phase and is extruded out of the spray head, cooled and solidified and formed; the invention utilizes the supercooling degree of the polymer, introduces the reinforcing phase through the fiber hole in the 3D printing and cooling process, has wide processing temperature window of the self-reinforced composite material and no damage to the fiber heat of the reinforcement body, and has the advantages of large size, complex shape, short forming period, low cost, high production efficiency and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of continuous fiber reinforced composite material 3D printing, in particular to a 3D printing spray head structure for realizing supercooling forming of a continuous fiber self-reinforced composite material.
Background
The continuous fiber self-reinforced composite material (single polymer composite material) is a composite material with the matrix and the reinforcing phase being the same polymer or the same polymer family, and has the characteristics of better interface adhesion and easy recycling between the matrix and the reinforcing phase.
The forming method of the continuous fiber self-reinforced composite material comprises a fiber hot pressing method, a film embedded hot pressing method, an interlayer hot pressing method, a fiber winding hot pressing method and the like. In the fiber hot pressing method and the fiber winding hot pressing method, the hot pressing temperature is increased to be higher than the melting point of the fibers in the forming process, so that the melted inner parts of the fiber surface layers are kept oriented, and the melted parts are solidified into a matrix phase, the method has the defects that the processing window is too narrow, the temperature is strictly controlled in the processing process, the proper hot pressing temperature is selected, and if the hot pressing temperature is too low, the surface fibers are not fully melted, so that a more complete matrix phase cannot be formed; the hot pressing temperature is too high, the fiber is more molten, the fiber content is reduced, and finally the mechanical property enhancing effect is not obvious; and the processing temperature is usually controlled within 1-2 ℃. The other type of interlayer hot pressing method and the other type of film embedding hot pressing method need a matrix phase and a reinforcing phase to have a large enough melting point difference so as to achieve the effect that the matrix phase is melted and the reinforcing phase is not melted.
The forming methods all have the defects of narrow processing temperature window and reinforced phase thermal damage, and the hot pressing mode has the defects of small product size, simple shape, long forming period, high cost, low production efficiency and the like, so the increase of the processing temperature window of the fiber self-reinforced composite material is the core problem of the development of the self-reinforced composite material and is also the research difficulty of the self-reinforced composite material.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a 3D printing spray head structure for realizing supercooling forming of a continuous fiber self-reinforced composite material, wherein the self-reinforced composite material has the advantages of wide processing temperature window, no damage to reinforced fiber, large product size, complex shape, short forming period, low cost, high production efficiency and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A3D printing spray head structure for realizing supercooling forming of a continuous fiber self-reinforced composite material comprises a liquefier 2, a spray head 4 is connected to the lower end of the liquefier 2, a matrix phase 1 enters from the upper end of the liquefier 2, is heated by the liquefier 2 to become a molten state, enters the spray head 4, and is cooled to a temperature below the melting point of the matrix phase 1 in the process from the liquefier 2 to the spray head 4 and is not crystallized to form a supercooling melt;
the side surface of the spray head 4 is provided with a fiber hole 5, the reinforcing phase 3 enters the supercooled melt of the matrix phase 1 through the fiber hole 5, and the matrix phase 1 is wrapped by the reinforcing phase 3 and is solidified and formed after being extruded and cooled from the spray head 4.
The reinforcing phase 3 is continuous long fiber, the matrix phase 1 is resin, and the reinforcing phase 3 and the matrix phase 1 have the same chemical structure and have different melting points; the cured self-reinforced composite material is a thermoplastic high polymer material with different physical forms.
The thermoplastic polymer material comprises Polyethylene (PE) base, polypropylene (PP) base, polylactic acid (PLA) base, nylon (PA) base, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) base, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) base, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) base, polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) base polymer materials.
The distance L from the fiber hole 5 to the top of the spray head 4 influences the temperature of the reinforcing phase 3 introduced into the matrix phase 1, and the smaller the L, the higher the temperature of the reinforcing phase 3 introduced into the matrix phase 1, and the temperature at the fiber hole 5 is ensured not to be higher than the melting point of the reinforcing phase 3; the larger L is, the lower the temperature of the reinforcing phase 3 introduced into the matrix phase 1 is, and the reinforcing phase 3 is ensured not to be solidified before the matrix phase 1 is coated on the extrusion nozzle.
The diameter D of the fiber hole 5 is 0.8mm-1.5 mm.
The method for realizing the 3D printing nozzle structure of the continuous fiber self-reinforced composite material supercooling forming comprises the following steps:
1) establishing a three-dimensional model of the reinforced composite material part by using computer aided design software;
2) determining the position of the fiber hole 5 according to the actual cooling rate in the 3D printing process;
3) selecting materials of a reinforcing phase 3 and a matrix phase 1, introducing the reinforcing phase 3 from a fiber hole 5 in the printing process, impregnating the reinforcing phase with the supercooled matrix phase 1, and extruding, solidifying and forming from a spray head 4;
4) a printing temperature interval is determined.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) compared with the traditional technology for manufacturing the self-reinforced composite material, the method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that a mould is not needed, the self-reinforced composite material part with a specific and complex shape can be quickly and efficiently manufactured, and the mechanical properties can be controlled by changing the scanning interval, the layering thickness and the like by utilizing the 3D printing advantages.
(2) According to the invention, the polymer supercooling degree is utilized, the reinforcing phase 3 is introduced through the fiber hole 5 in the 3D printing and cooling process, the introduced temperature is ensured to be lower than the melting point of the reinforcing phase 3, the fiber is not damaged thermally, the processing temperature range of the fiber self-reinforced composite material is obviously increased, and the core problem and the research difficulty of the self-reinforced composite material are solved.
(3) The invention controls the position of the fiber hole 5 to influence the temperature of the reinforcing phase 3 introduced into the matrix phase 1, thereby influencing the mechanical property of the self-reinforced composite material; simultaneously controlling the cooling rate to influence the crystallization temperature and the crystallinity of the matrix phase 1 of the self-reinforced composite material; the position of the fiber holes 5 and the cooling rate simultaneously influence the processing temperature window of the self-reinforced composite material.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a 3D printing nozzle structure for realizing supercooling forming of a continuous fiber self-reinforced composite material.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
Referring to fig. 1, a 3D printing nozzle structure for realizing supercooling forming of a continuous fiber self-reinforced composite material comprises a liquefier 2, a nozzle 4 is connected to the lower end of the liquefier 2, a matrix phase 1 enters from the upper end of the liquefier 2, is heated by the liquefier 2 to be molten, enters the nozzle 4, and is cooled to a temperature below the melting point of the matrix phase 1 in the process from the liquefier 2 to the nozzle 4 and is not crystallized to form a supercooled melt;
the side surface of the spray head 4 is provided with a fiber hole 5, the reinforcing phase 3 enters the supercooled melt of the matrix phase 1 through the fiber hole 5, and the matrix phase 1 is wrapped by the reinforcing phase 3 and is solidified and formed after being extruded and cooled from the spray head 4.
The reinforcing phase 3 is continuous long fiber, the matrix phase 1 is resin, the reinforcing phase 3 and the matrix phase 1 have the same chemical structure, and the melting points are different; the cured self-reinforced composite material is a thermoplastic high polymer material with different physical forms.
The thermoplastic polymer material comprises Polyethylene (PE) base, polypropylene (PP) base, polylactic acid (PLA) base, nylon (PA) base, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) base, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) base, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) base, polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) base polymer materials.
The distance L from the fiber hole 5 to the top of the spray head 4 influences the temperature of the reinforcing phase 3 introduced into the matrix phase 1, the higher the cooling speed is, the larger the temperature processing window is because the supercooling degree of the thermoplastic polymer material is related to the cooling speed, and the smaller L is, the higher the temperature of the reinforcing phase 3 introduced into the matrix phase 1 is at the same printing temperature and cooling speed, so that the temperature at the fiber hole 5 is not higher than the melting point of the reinforcing phase 3; the larger L, the lower the temperature at which the reinforcing phase 3 is introduced into the matrix phase 1, and it should be ensured that the reinforcing phase 3 does not solidify before the matrix phase 1 is wrapped around the nozzle 4.
The diameter D of the fiber hole 5 is 0.8mm-1.5 mm.
The method for realizing the 3D printing nozzle structure of the continuous fiber self-reinforced composite material supercooling forming comprises the following steps:
1) according to the requirements of the self-reinforced composite material part, using SolidWorks of computer aided design software CAD to establish a 180X 10X 2 reinforced composite material part three-dimensional model, and exporting the model as stl format file;
2) determining the position of the fiber hole 5 according to the actual cooling rate in the 3D printing process, wherein the distance L from the fiber hole 5 to the top of the spray head 4 is 5mm, and the diameter D of the fiber hole 5 is 1 mm;
3) polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS) fibers are selected as a reinforcing phase 3, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) resin is selected as a matrix phase 1, the melting point of a PPS matrix is 282 ℃, the melting point of the reinforcing PPS fibers is 284 ℃, the printing temperature is set to be 285 ℃, the reinforcing phase 3 is introduced from a fiber hole 5 in the printing process, is impregnated with the supercooled PPS matrix phase 1, and is extruded from a spray head 4 for solidification and forming;
4) determining a printing temperature interval: according to the actual cooling rate of the 3D printing process, the starting crystallization temperature of the PPS matrix phase 1 is 192 ℃, the temperature range of introducing the reinforcing phase 3 into the matrix phase 1 is 192-282 ℃, the printing temperature is increased, the higher the starting crystallization temperature of the matrix phase 1 is, the printing temperature can be increased to about 310 ℃, therefore, the printing temperature range is 282-310 ℃, the printing temperature is far higher than the melting point of the reinforcing phase 3, and the temperature of introducing the reinforcing phase 3 into the matrix phase 1 is far lower than the melting point of the matrix phase 1.
According to the invention, a fiber hole 5 is punched in a nozzle 4 in the process that a matrix phase 1 leaves a liquefier 2 to be cooled, and a reinforcing phase 3 is introduced into the molten matrix phase 1 at a temperature far lower than the melting point of the matrix phase 1; the supercooling degree of the polymer is utilized to widen the processing temperature window to dozens of degrees, and meanwhile, the high-fluidity matrix phase 1 is obtained under the condition of not causing thermal damage to the reinforcing phase 3, which is beneficial to the impregnation of the reinforcing phase 3 and the matrix phase 1; on the other hand, by utilizing the advantages of the 3D printing manufacturing process, the parts with specific complex shapes can be quickly manufactured without a die; the preparation period of the traditional self-reinforced composite material is shortened, and the cost is reduced; and the problem of the interface between the 3D printing reinforcing phase 3 and the base phase 1 is solved. The invention comprehensively utilizes the self-reinforced composite material interface, the completely recyclable advantage and the 3D printing advantage, and realizes the rapid manufacture and green recycling of the fiber reinforced composite material.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a realize continuous fibers from 3D who strengthens combined material subcooling shaping and print shower nozzle structure, includes liquefier (2), its characterized in that: the lower end of the liquefier (2) is connected with a spray head (4), the matrix phase (1) enters from the upper end of the liquefier (2), is heated into a molten state by the liquefier (2), enters the spray head (4), and is cooled to a temperature below the melting point of the matrix phase (1) in the process from the liquefier (2) to the spray head (4) and is not crystallized to form a supercooled melt;
the side surface of the spray head (4) is provided with a fiber hole (5), the reinforced phase (3) enters the supercooled melt of the matrix phase (1) through the fiber hole (5), and the matrix phase (1) is wrapped by the reinforced phase (3) and is extruded out of the spray head (4), cooled and solidified and formed;
the reinforcing phase (3) is continuous long fiber, the matrix phase (1) is resin, the reinforcing phase (3) and the matrix phase (1) have the same chemical structure and have different melting points; the self-reinforced composite material formed by curing is a thermoplastic high polymer material with different physical forms;
the distance L between the fiber hole (5) and the top of the spray head (4) influences the temperature of the reinforcing phase (3) introduced into the matrix phase (1), and the smaller the L is, the higher the temperature of the reinforcing phase (3) introduced into the matrix phase (1) is, and the temperature at the fiber hole (5) is not higher than the melting point of the reinforcing phase (3) is ensured; the larger the L, the lower the temperature of the reinforcing phase (3) introduced into the matrix phase (1), and the reinforcing phase (3) is ensured not to be solidified before being wrapped by the matrix phase (1) and extruded out of the spray head.
2. The 3D printing nozzle structure according to claim 1, wherein: the thermoplastic polymer material comprises Polyethylene (PE) base, polypropylene (PP) base, polylactic acid (PLA) base, nylon (PA) base, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) base, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) base, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) base, polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) base polymer materials.
3. The 3D printing nozzle structure according to claim 1, wherein: the diameter D of the fiber hole (5) is 0.8mm-1.5 mm.
4. The method of using the 3D print head structure for continuous fiber self-reinforced composite undercooling forming of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
1) establishing a three-dimensional model of the reinforced composite material part by using computer aided design software;
2) determining the position of the fiber hole (5) according to the actual cooling rate in the 3D printing process;
3) selecting materials of the reinforced phase (3) and the matrix phase (1), introducing the reinforced phase (3) from a fiber hole (5) in the printing process, impregnating the reinforced phase with the supercooled matrix phase (1), and extruding, solidifying and forming from a spray head (4);
4) a printing temperature interval is determined.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110253699.2A CN113021886B (en) | 2021-03-09 | 2021-03-09 | 3D printing spray head structure for realizing continuous fiber self-reinforced composite material supercooling forming |
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| CN202110253699.2A CN113021886B (en) | 2021-03-09 | 2021-03-09 | 3D printing spray head structure for realizing continuous fiber self-reinforced composite material supercooling forming |
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| CN113021886A CN113021886A (en) | 2021-06-25 |
| CN113021886B true CN113021886B (en) | 2022-05-06 |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107244067A (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-10-13 | 无锡太尔时代科技有限公司 | A kind of shower nozzle of 3D printer |
| CN110520275A (en) * | 2017-04-13 | 2019-11-29 | 昕诺飞控股有限公司 | Method for 3D printing 3D article |
| CN110920063A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-03-27 | 西安交通大学 | Method for 3D printing of continuous fiber self-reinforced composite material |
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- 2021-03-09 CN CN202110253699.2A patent/CN113021886B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107244067A (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-10-13 | 无锡太尔时代科技有限公司 | A kind of shower nozzle of 3D printer |
| CN110520275A (en) * | 2017-04-13 | 2019-11-29 | 昕诺飞控股有限公司 | Method for 3D printing 3D article |
| CN110920063A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-03-27 | 西安交通大学 | Method for 3D printing of continuous fiber self-reinforced composite material |
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