CN113020392A - Fluid medium forming die and multi-pass forming method for high-temperature alloy complex thin-wall part - Google Patents
Fluid medium forming die and multi-pass forming method for high-temperature alloy complex thin-wall part Download PDFInfo
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- CN113020392A CN113020392A CN202110241600.7A CN202110241600A CN113020392A CN 113020392 A CN113020392 A CN 113020392A CN 202110241600 A CN202110241600 A CN 202110241600A CN 113020392 A CN113020392 A CN 113020392A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
- B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
- B21D26/021—Deforming sheet bodies
- B21D26/031—Mould construction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
- B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
- B21D26/021—Deforming sheet bodies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
- B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
- B21D26/021—Deforming sheet bodies
- B21D26/029—Closing or sealing means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
- B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
- B21D26/033—Deforming tubular bodies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
- B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
- B21D26/033—Deforming tubular bodies
- B21D26/045—Closing or sealing means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
- B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
- B21D26/033—Deforming tubular bodies
- B21D26/047—Mould construction
Abstract
The invention discloses a fluid medium forming die and a multi-pass forming method for high-temperature alloy complex thin-wall parts, which take deep-cavity complex high-temperature alloy thin-wall parts as research objects, and design a three-pass fluid medium deep drawing forming process scheme aiming at the geometrical characteristics of the parts, namely, a cylindrical part is formed by a first-pass fluid medium, a transition part with the characteristic of small fillet at the bottom is formed by a second-pass fluid medium on the basis of a large-size cylindrical blank, and a final part meeting the requirements is formed by a third-pass fluid medium. The forming method can effectively solve the problems of low forming limit, low forming precision of local small fillet characteristics and serious resilience caused by the traditional forming method when forming the deep-cavity complex high-temperature alloy thin-wall part, and can reduce local defects of the part, and has remarkable advantages.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite precision forming, and particularly relates to a high-temperature alloy complex thin-wall part fluid medium forming die and a multi-pass forming method, which can be popularized and applied to other parts with similar characteristics.
Background
The high-temperature alloy has higher high-temperature strength, good high-temperature oxidation resistance and thermal corrosion resistance, and simultaneously has good comprehensive properties such as fatigue resistance, plasticity and toughness and the like under the condition of a high-temperature use environment. The aerospace engine is a power source of an airplane, and the high-temperature alloy is widely applied to key parts of the aerospace engine due to excellent performance, requires long-life stable work under high temperature, high speed, high load, complex stress state and frequent alternating temperature, has extremely strict working conditions and high reliability requirement, and causes machine damage and human death once the high-temperature alloy fails. Along with the design and application requirements of a novel engine in the aerospace field, higher requirements are put forward on the complexity of engine parts, some high-temperature alloy complex thin-wall parts with deep cavity curved surfaces and small round corner features are widely used, the manufacturing difficulty is further increased, the problems of poor size precision, uneven structure, low forming limit, obvious rebound deformation and the like are easily caused by the traditional forming method, and the formed high-temperature alloy complex thin-wall parts have larger stress and are easy to generate defects of warping, deformation, even cracking and the like if the control is not good in the subsequent processing procedures, so that the forming and manufacturing are more difficult.
Compared with the traditional forming method, the part obtained by the fluid medium forming has the characteristics of high surface quality, good size precision, uniform wall thickness, small rebound quantity and the like. The plate can be tightly attached to the male die by applying the fluid pressure to form beneficial friction, and meanwhile, the plate can be expanded upwards by controlling the loading curve of the fluid pressure to form a soft draw bead, so that the function of gathering the material is achieved, and the forming limit of the plate can be improved. Fluid medium forming techniques are currently widely used to achieve higher draw ratios or to manufacture parts that are structurally complex and difficult to deform.
Therefore, how to apply the fluid medium forming technology to forming high-temperature alloy complex thin-wall parts to effectively improve various performance parameters of the parts and promote the development of the engine manufacturing technology in the aerospace field in China becomes a difficult problem for technical personnel in the field to overcome.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to provide a high-temperature alloy complex thin-wall part fluid medium forming die and a multi-pass forming method, and the adopted specific technical scheme is as follows:
a high-temperature alloy complex thin-wall part fluid medium forming die comprises a liquid chamber, a blank holder and a male die, wherein the liquid chamber is provided with a cylindrical inner cavity and an upper opening, a fluid medium inlet communicated with the inner cavity is formed below the liquid chamber, a circle of positioning device used for positioning a blank is arranged at the edge of the top of the liquid chamber, the blank holder can be matched with the top of the liquid chamber and presses the blank between the blank and the liquid chamber, and the male die can enter the cylindrical inner cavities of the blank holder and the liquid chamber from top to bottom.
Preferably, a sealing ring is further arranged between the blank holder and the liquid chamber.
A multi-pass forming method for a fluid medium of a high-temperature alloy complex thin-wall part comprises the following steps:
1) designing a first-pass transition forming die structure according to the shape of the final part to obtain the diameter and the forming height of a male die in the first-pass transition forming die;
2) designing a blank according to the structure of the first-pass transitional forming die, placing the blank on a liquid chamber in the first-pass transitional forming die, and positioning the blank through a positioning device;
3) the first-pass forming adopts a passive fluid medium forming scheme, a blank holder moves downwards to close the die and press the blank, a male die moves downwards to the upper surface of the blank, a fluid medium is introduced into a liquid chamber of a first-pass transition forming die to apply pressure, the male die continues to move downwards, the blank carries out fluid medium forming under the action of fluid pressure and is attached to the male die to form a cylindrical part meeting the requirements;
4) taking the cylindrical part out of the first-pass transitional forming die, installing a second-pass transitional forming die, placing the cylindrical part on a liquid chamber in the second-pass transitional forming die, and positioning the cylindrical part through a positioning device;
5) the second-pass forming adopts a passive fluid medium forming scheme, a blank holder moves downwards to carry out die assembly to press the cylindrical part, the male die moves downwards to the upper surface of the cylindrical part, fluid medium is introduced into a liquid chamber of the second-pass transition forming die to apply pressure, the male die continues to move downwards, the cylindrical part carries out fluid medium forming under the action of fluid pressure and is attached to the male die, and the transition part with the characteristic of a small fillet at the bottom, which meets the requirement, is formed;
6) taking out the transition part with the bottom small fillet characteristic from the second-pass transition forming die, mounting a final forming die, placing the transition part with the bottom small fillet characteristic on a liquid chamber in the final forming die, and positioning the transition part through a positioning device;
7) the final forming adopts a passive fluid medium forming scheme, the blank holder moves downwards to be matched with the mold to press the transition part with the characteristic of the small bottom corner, the male mold moves downwards to the upper surface of the transition part with the characteristic of the small bottom corner, fluid medium is introduced into the fluid of the final forming mold to apply pressure, the male mold continues to move downwards, the transition part with the characteristic of the small bottom corner carries out fluid medium forming under the action of fluid pressure and is attached to the male mold to form the final part meeting the requirements;
8) and taking out the final part meeting the requirement, and cutting off redundant process supplement surfaces to obtain the complete part.
Preferably, when the steps 2, 4) and 6) are implemented, the corresponding first-pass transitional forming die, second-pass transitional forming die and final forming die need to be installed on the fluid medium forming equipment for debugging, and the surfaces of the parts in the dies need to be cleaned and then installed and used, so that the surface quality of the product and the service life of the die equipment are ensured.
Preferably, the sizes of the round corners of the male dies in the first-pass transitional forming die, the second-pass transitional forming die and the final forming die are determined according to the processing depth of the part.
Preferably, the cylindrical part in the second-pass transitional forming die is completely attached to the cylindrical part formed by the first-pass transitional forming die; the inner cylindrical part of the final forming die is completely attached to the transition part which is formed by the second-pass transition forming die and has the characteristic of small round angle at the bottom.
Preferably, the maximum diameters of the male dies in the first-pass transitional forming die and the final forming die are equal and are larger than the maximum diameter of the male die in the second-pass transitional forming die.
Preferably, the fluid medium is a cold fluid medium or a hot fluid medium, and the temperature of the fluid medium is adjusted according to the forming requirement.
Preferably, after the cylindrical part formed in the step 4), the transition part formed in the step 6) and provided with the bottom small corner feature and the final part formed in the step 8) are formed, the forming quality of the cylindrical part needs to be checked, if no problem exists, the next step is directly carried out, if a problem exists, the process parameters or the die corresponding to the previous step are modified, and the test is carried out again until the requirements are met.
Preferably, the cylindrical part formed in the step 4), the transition part with the bottom small corner feature formed in the step 6) and the final part formed in the step 8) are checked to have no forming quality problem, and then the wall thickness reduction rate needs to be checked, if the wall thickness reduction rate is relatively large, the heat treatment is carried out on the cylindrical part, the material forming limit is improved, and if the wall thickness reduction rate is within a controllable range, the heat treatment work is not needed.
The invention provides a fluid medium multi-pass forming method for a high-temperature alloy complex thin-wall part, which takes a deep-cavity complex high-temperature alloy thin-wall part as a research object and designs a three-pass fluid medium deep drawing forming process scheme aiming at the geometrical characteristics of the high-temperature alloy complex thin-wall part, namely, a cylindrical part is formed by a first-pass fluid medium, a transition part with the characteristic of a small fillet at the bottom is formed by a second-pass fluid medium on the basis of a large-size cylindrical blank, and a final part meeting the requirements is formed by a third-pass fluid medium. The forming method can effectively solve the problems of low forming limit, low forming precision of local small fillet characteristics and serious resilience caused by the traditional forming method when forming the deep-cavity complex high-temperature alloy thin-wall part, and can reduce local defects of the part, and has remarkable advantages.
The forming method fully embodies the advantages of fluid medium forming, forms the material at the complex characteristic position of the tube blank through a plurality of processes, and carries out drawing forming through preprocessing a small fillet, thereby effectively improving the plastic deformation capacity of the material at the complex position of the high-temperature alloy plate-shaped tubular part, realizing deepening of the drawing depth, reducing the local defects at the complex characteristic position, reducing the thinning degree of the small fillet at the forming male die, realizing high film sticking degree and high precision, obviously reducing deformation resistance and equipment tonnage, preparing the high-temperature alloy deep conical part with great depth characteristics and good surface quality and high forming precision, and realizing the manufacture of the high-temperature alloy complex-shaped special difficult-to-process part with obvious advantages.
The method can be used for forming by using cold and hot fluid media, and can adjust the temperature of the flexible media according to the forming requirement. Meanwhile, the method can be popularized to other high-temperature alloy plate-shaped, tubular and annular parts with similar characteristics, can be used for various fluid media such as gas, liquid and other media with flowing properties, and has good development potential.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first-pass pre-forming process of a typical deep tapered part formed by a high-temperature alloy complex thin-wall part fluid medium multi-pass forming method provided by the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first-pass forming process of a typical deep tapered part formed by a high-temperature alloy complex thin-wall part fluid medium multi-pass forming method provided by the invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second-pass pre-forming process of a typical deep tapered part formed by a high-temperature alloy complex thin-wall part fluid medium multi-pass forming method provided by the invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a second-pass forming process of a typical deep tapered part formed by a high-temperature alloy complex thin-wall part fluid medium multi-pass forming method provided by the invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a third preforming process of a typical deep tapered part formed by a high-temperature alloy complex thin-wall part fluid medium multi-pass forming method provided by the invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a third forming process of a typical deep tapered part formed by a fluid medium multi-pass forming method for a high-temperature alloy complex thin-wall part provided by the invention.
In the figure: 1, a male die of a first-pass transition forming die; 2, a blank holder of the first-pass transition forming die; 3, a first-pass transition forming die limiting block; 4 is a fluid medium inlet of the first-pass transition forming die; 5 is a first-pass transitional forming die liquid chamber; 6, forming a mould sealing ring in a first-pass transition manner; 7 is an initial blank; 8, forming a blank in a second-pass transition manner; 9, forming a blank holder of the die in a second-pass transition forming mode; 10, forming a die sealing ring in a second-pass transition manner; 11 is a second-pass transitional forming die limiting block; 12 is a fluid medium inlet of a second-pass transition forming die; 13 is a second-pass transitional forming die liquid chamber; 14 is a male die of a second-pass transitional forming die; 15 is a final forming blank; 16 is a final forming die blank holder; 17 is a final forming die sealing ring; 18 is a final forming die limiting block; 19 is a final forming die fluid medium inlet; 20 is a final forming die liquid chamber; 21 is a male die of a final forming die; the final deep cone 22.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a high-temperature alloy complex thin-wall part fluid medium forming die which comprises a liquid chamber, a blank holder and a male die, wherein the liquid chamber is provided with a cylindrical inner cavity, the upper part of the liquid chamber is provided with an opening, a fluid medium inlet communicated with the inner cavity is arranged below the liquid chamber, a circle of positioning device used for positioning a blank is arranged at the edge of the top of the liquid chamber, the blank holder can be matched with the top of the liquid chamber and presses the blank between the blank and the liquid chamber, and the male die can enter the blank holder and the cylindrical inner cavity of the liquid. And a sealing ring is also arranged between the blank holder and the liquid chamber.
The invention also provides a multi-pass forming method of the fluid medium of the high-temperature alloy complex thin-wall part, which comprises the following steps:
1) designing a first-pass transition forming die structure according to the shape of the final part to obtain the diameter and the forming height of a male die in the first-pass transition forming die;
2) designing a blank according to the structure of the first-pass transitional forming die, placing the blank on a liquid chamber in the first-pass transitional forming die, and positioning the blank through a positioning device;
3) the first-pass forming adopts a passive fluid medium forming scheme, a blank holder moves downwards to close the die and press the blank, a male die moves downwards to the upper surface of the blank, a fluid medium is introduced into a liquid chamber of a first-pass transition forming die to apply pressure, the male die continues to move downwards, the blank carries out fluid medium forming under the action of fluid pressure and is attached to the male die to form a cylindrical part meeting the requirements;
4) taking the cylindrical part out of the first-pass transitional forming die, installing a second-pass transitional forming die, placing the cylindrical part on a liquid chamber in the second-pass transitional forming die, and positioning the cylindrical part through a positioning device;
5) the second-pass forming adopts a passive fluid medium forming scheme, a blank holder moves downwards to carry out die assembly to press the cylindrical part, the male die moves downwards to the upper surface of the cylindrical part, fluid medium is introduced into a liquid chamber of the second-pass transition forming die to apply pressure, the male die continues to move downwards, the cylindrical part carries out fluid medium forming under the action of fluid pressure and is attached to the male die, and the transition part with the characteristic of a small fillet at the bottom, which meets the requirement, is formed;
6) taking out the transition part with the bottom small fillet characteristic from the second-pass transition forming die, mounting a final forming die, placing the transition part with the bottom small fillet characteristic on a liquid chamber in the final forming die, and positioning the transition part through a positioning device;
7) the final forming adopts a passive fluid medium forming scheme, the blank holder moves downwards to be matched with the mold to press the transition part with the characteristic of the small bottom corner, the male mold moves downwards to the upper surface of the transition part with the characteristic of the small bottom corner, fluid medium is introduced into the fluid of the final forming mold to apply pressure, the male mold continues to move downwards, the transition part with the characteristic of the small bottom corner carries out fluid medium forming under the action of fluid pressure and is attached to the male mold to form the final part meeting the requirements;
8) and taking out the final part meeting the requirement, and cutting off redundant process supplement surfaces to obtain the complete part.
In the above, when performing step 2), step 4), and step 6), the corresponding first-pass transition forming die, second-pass transition forming die, and final forming die need to be mounted on the fluid medium forming apparatus for debugging, and the surfaces of the parts in the dies need to be cleaned and then mounted and used.
In the above, the fillet size of the male die in the first-pass transition forming die, the second-pass transition forming die and the final forming die is determined according to the processing depth of the part.
In the above, the cylindrical part inside the second-pass transition forming die needs to be completely attached to the cylindrical part formed by the first-pass transition forming die; the inner cylindrical part of the final forming die is completely attached to the transition part which is formed by the second-pass transition forming die and has the characteristic of small round angle at the bottom.
In the above, the maximum diameters of the male dies in the first-pass transition forming die and the final forming die are equal to each other and are all larger than the maximum diameter of the male die in the second-pass transition forming die.
In the above, the fluid medium is a cold fluid medium or a hot fluid medium, and the temperature of the fluid medium is adjusted according to the forming requirement.
In the above, after the cylindrical part formed in step 4), the transition part formed in step 6) and having the bottom small corner feature, and the final part formed in step 8) are formed, the forming quality needs to be checked, if there is no problem, the next step is directly performed, if there is a problem, the process parameters or the mold corresponding to the previous step are modified, and the test is performed again until the requirements are met.
In the above, the cylindrical part formed in step 4), the transition part with the bottom small corner feature formed in step 6), and the final part formed in step 8) are checked to have no forming quality problem, and then the wall thickness reduction rate needs to be checked, if the wall thickness reduction rate is relatively large, the heat treatment is performed on the cylindrical part, so that the material forming limit is improved, and if the wall thickness reduction rate is within a controllable range, the heat treatment work is not needed.
Example (b):
a typical deep taper forming process for forming a high-temperature alloy complex thin-walled part by a fluid medium multi-pass forming method in an embodiment of the invention is described in detail below with reference to fig. 1 to 6, and comprises the following steps:
1) designing a first-pass transition forming die structure according to the shape of the final part to obtain the diameter and the forming height of a male die in the first-pass transition forming die; designing an initial blank 7 according to the structure of a first-pass transition forming die;
2) cleaning the surfaces of all parts before the first-pass transition forming die is assembled, so that the surface quality of a product and the service life of die equipment are ensured;
3) assembling a first-pass transition forming die as shown in FIG. 1, and installing the first-pass transition forming die on fluid medium forming equipment for debugging;
4) placing an initial blank 7 on a first-pass transitional forming die liquid chamber 5, positioning through a first-pass transitional forming die limiting block 3, enabling a first-pass transitional forming die blank holder 2 to press a plate material downwards, and completing sealing through a first-pass transitional forming die sealing ring 6;
5) setting a blank pressing gap, fluid pressure and male die stroke of a first-pass transition forming die;
6) enabling the male die 1 of the first-pass transitional forming die to descend according to a set stroke, and simultaneously loading fluid pressure into a liquid chamber 5 of the first-pass transitional forming die through a fluid medium inlet 4 of the first-pass transitional forming die;
7) the initial blank 7 is deformed under the action of fluid pressure, and a second-pass transitional formed blank 8 is formed as shown in figure 2;
8) taking the second-pass transitional forming blank 8 out of the first-pass transitional die, checking the forming quality of the second-pass transitional forming blank, directly carrying out the next step if no problem exists, returning to the previous step to modify the process parameters or the die if the problem exists, and carrying out the test again until the requirements are met;
9) checking the wall thickness reduction rate of the second-pass transitional forming blank 8 without forming quality problems, carrying out heat treatment on the second-pass transitional forming blank if the thickness reduction rate is large, improving the material forming limit, and not carrying out heat treatment work if the thickness reduction rate is in a controllable range;
10) cleaning the surfaces of all parts before assembling the second-pass transitional forming die, assembling the second-pass transitional forming die as shown in fig. 3, and installing the second-pass transitional forming die on fluid medium forming equipment for debugging;
11) placing the second-pass transitional forming blank 8 on a second-pass transitional forming die liquid chamber 13, positioning the blank through a second-pass transitional forming die limiting block 11, and downward pressing the plate by a second-pass transitional forming die blank holder 9 and completing sealing by a second-pass transitional forming die sealing ring 10;
12) setting a blank pressing gap, fluid pressure and male die stroke of a second-pass transition forming die;
13) enabling the male die 14 of the second-pass transitional forming die to descend according to a set stroke, and simultaneously loading fluid pressure into the second-pass transitional forming die liquid chamber 13 through the fluid medium inlet 12 of the second-pass transitional forming die;
14) the second-pass transitional formed blank 8 is deformed under the action of fluid pressure, and a final formed blank 15 is formed as shown in fig. 4;
15) taking the final-forming blank 15 out of the second-pass transitional forming die, checking the forming quality of the final-forming blank, directly carrying out the next step if no problem exists, returning to the previous step to modify the process parameters or the die if the problem exists, and carrying out the test again until the requirements are met;
16) checking the wall thickness reduction rate of the final forming blank 15 without forming quality problems, carrying out heat treatment on the final forming blank if the wall thickness reduction rate is larger, improving the material forming limit, and not carrying out heat treatment work if the wall thickness reduction rate is in a controllable range;
17) cleaning the surfaces of all parts before assembling the final forming die, assembling the final forming die as shown in fig. 5, and installing the final forming die on fluid medium forming equipment for debugging;
18) placing the final-forming blank 15 on a female die of a final-forming die to be completely attached, positioning by a limiting block 18 of the final-forming die, and enabling a blank holder 16 of the final-forming die to move downwards to press the final-forming blank 15 and to be sealed by a sealing ring 17 of the final-forming die;
19) setting the blank pressing gap, the fluid pressure and the male die stroke of the final forming die;
20) the male die 21 of the final forming die descends according to a set stroke, and fluid pressure is loaded into the liquid chamber 20 of the final forming die through the fluid medium inlet 19 of the final forming die;
21) the final-formed blank 15 is drawn under the action of a punch and fluid pressure, as shown in fig. 6, to form a final-formed deep cone 22;
22) taking out the final-forming deep conical part 22 after forming, checking whether the wall thickness reduction rate, the die attaching degree and the surface roughness meet the requirements, directly carrying out the next step if no problem exists, returning to the step to modify process parameters or a die if the problem exists, and carrying out the test again until the requirements are met;
23) the flange edge of the final-formed deep cone 22 without any problem is cut off by a cutter according to the forming demand.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. The fluid medium forming die for the high-temperature alloy complex thin-wall part is characterized by comprising a liquid chamber, a blank holder and a male die, wherein the liquid chamber is provided with a cylindrical inner cavity, the upper part of the liquid chamber is provided with an opening, a fluid medium inlet communicated with the inner cavity is arranged below the liquid chamber, a circle of positioning device used for positioning a blank is arranged at the edge of the top of the liquid chamber, the blank holder can be matched with the top of the liquid chamber and presses the blank between the blank and the liquid chamber, and the male die can enter the blank holder and the cylindrical inner cavity of the.
2. The fluid medium forming die for high-temperature alloy complex thin-wall parts as claimed in claim 1, wherein a sealing ring is further arranged between the blank holder and the liquid chamber.
3. A multi-pass forming method for a fluid medium of a high-temperature alloy complex thin-wall part is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) designing a first-pass transition forming die structure according to the shape of the final part to obtain the diameter and the forming height of a male die in the first-pass transition forming die;
2) designing a blank according to the structure of the first-pass transitional forming die, placing the blank on a liquid chamber in the first-pass transitional forming die, and positioning the blank through a positioning device;
3) the first-pass forming adopts a passive fluid medium forming scheme, a blank holder moves downwards to close the die and press the blank, a male die moves downwards to the upper surface of the blank, a fluid medium is introduced into a liquid chamber of a first-pass transition forming die to apply pressure, the male die continues to move downwards, the blank carries out fluid medium forming under the action of fluid pressure and is attached to the male die to form a cylindrical part meeting the requirements;
4) taking the cylindrical part out of the first-pass transitional forming die, installing a second-pass transitional forming die, placing the cylindrical part on a liquid chamber in the second-pass transitional forming die, and positioning the cylindrical part through a positioning device;
5) the second-pass forming adopts a passive fluid medium forming scheme, a blank holder moves downwards to carry out die assembly to press the cylindrical part, the male die moves downwards to the upper surface of the cylindrical part, fluid medium is introduced into a liquid chamber of the second-pass transition forming die to apply pressure, the male die continues to move downwards, the cylindrical part carries out fluid medium forming under the action of fluid pressure and is attached to the male die, and the transition part with the characteristic of a small fillet at the bottom, which meets the requirement, is formed;
6) taking out the transition part with the bottom small fillet characteristic from the second-pass transition forming die, mounting a final forming die, placing the transition part with the bottom small fillet characteristic on a liquid chamber in the final forming die, and positioning the transition part through a positioning device;
7) the final forming adopts a passive fluid medium forming scheme, the blank holder moves downwards to be matched with the mold to press the transition part with the characteristic of the small bottom corner, the male mold moves downwards to the upper surface of the transition part with the characteristic of the small bottom corner, fluid medium is introduced into the fluid of the final forming mold to apply pressure, the male mold continues to move downwards, the transition part with the characteristic of the small bottom corner carries out fluid medium forming under the action of fluid pressure and is attached to the male mold to form the final part meeting the requirements;
8) and taking out the final part meeting the requirement, and cutting off redundant process supplement surfaces to obtain the complete part.
4. The fluid medium multi-pass forming method for the high-temperature alloy complex thin-wall parts according to claim 3, wherein when the steps 2), 4) and 6) are carried out, the corresponding first-pass transition forming die, second-pass transition forming die and final forming die are installed on fluid medium forming equipment for debugging, and the surfaces of the parts in the dies are cleaned and then installed and used.
5. The fluid medium multi-pass forming method for the high-temperature alloy complex thin-wall part as claimed in claim 3, wherein the sizes of the round corners of the male dies in the first-pass transition forming die, the second-pass transition forming die and the final forming die are determined according to the processing depth of the part.
6. The fluid medium multi-pass forming method for the high-temperature alloy complex thin-wall part as claimed in claim 3, wherein the inner cylindrical part of the second-pass transition forming die is completely attached to the cylindrical part formed by the first-pass transition forming die; the inner cylindrical part of the final forming die is completely attached to the transition part which is formed by the second-pass transition forming die and has the characteristic of small round angle at the bottom.
7. The fluid medium multi-pass forming method for the high-temperature alloy complex thin-wall part as claimed in claim 3, wherein the maximum diameters of the convex dies in the first-pass transition forming die and the final forming die are equal and are larger than the maximum diameter of the convex die in the second-pass transition forming die.
8. The multi-pass forming method for the fluid medium of the high-temperature alloy complex thin-wall part as claimed in claim 3, wherein the fluid medium is a cold fluid medium or a hot fluid medium, and the temperature of the fluid medium is adjusted according to forming requirements.
9. The multi-pass forming method for the fluid medium of the high-temperature alloy complex thin-wall part as claimed in claim 3, wherein after the cylindrical part formed in the step 4), the transition part formed in the step 6) and provided with the bottom small round corner feature and the final part formed in the step 8) are formed, the forming quality needs to be checked, if no problem exists, the next step is directly carried out, if a problem exists, the process parameters or the die are modified corresponding to the previous step, and the test is carried out again until the requirements are met.
10. The multi-pass forming method for the fluid medium of the high-temperature alloy complex thin-wall part as claimed in claim 9, wherein the cylindrical part formed in the step 4), the transition part formed in the step 6) and provided with the bottom small round corner feature and the final part formed in the step 8) are checked to have no forming quality problem, the wall thickness reduction rate is checked, if the wall thickness reduction rate is large, the heat treatment is carried out on the transition part, the material forming limit is improved, and if the wall thickness reduction rate is large, the heat treatment work is not needed.
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