CN113019401A - Preparation method, application and application method of graphene-based photocatalytic composite material - Google Patents
Preparation method, application and application method of graphene-based photocatalytic composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN113019401A CN113019401A CN202110266757.5A CN202110266757A CN113019401A CN 113019401 A CN113019401 A CN 113019401A CN 202110266757 A CN202110266757 A CN 202110266757A CN 113019401 A CN113019401 A CN 113019401A
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 156
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 154
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- RBTBFTRPCNLSDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 RBTBFTRPCNLSDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229960000907 methylthioninium chloride Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- MHWZQNGIEIYAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum diselenide Chemical compound [Se]=[Mo]=[Se] MHWZQNGIEIYAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- -1 zeolite compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L peroxydisulfate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002135 nanosheet Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910015667 MoO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)pyridin-3-amine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CN=C1OC1=CC=C(F)C=C1F LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- KMHSUNDEGHRBNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dichloropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClC1=NC=C(C#N)C(Cl)=N1 KMHSUNDEGHRBNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical group [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- WDEQGLDWZMIMJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl 4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate Chemical compound OCC1CC(O)CN1C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WDEQGLDWZMIMJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MPMSMUBQXQALQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Co+2].C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 MPMSMUBQXQALQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004887 air purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- XOSXWYQMOYSSKB-LDKJGXKFSA-L water blue Chemical compound CC1=CC(/C(\C(C=C2)=CC=C2NC(C=C2)=CC=C2S([O-])(=O)=O)=C(\C=C2)/C=C/C\2=N\C(C=C2)=CC=C2S([O-])(=O)=O)=CC(S(O)(=O)=O)=C1N.[Na+].[Na+] XOSXWYQMOYSSKB-LDKJGXKFSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/02—Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/057—Selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/0573—Selenium; Compounds thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/39—Photocatalytic properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/725—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation by catalytic oxidation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/40—Organic compounds containing sulfur
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Abstract
A preparation method, application and application method of a graphene-based photocatalytic composite material relate to a preparation method, application and application method of a photocatalytic composite material. The invention aims to solve the problems of long degradation time and poor degradation effect of the existing photocatalytic material for degrading methylene blue and poor photocatalytic effect of graphene agglomeration in a graphene-based photocatalytic composite material. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing a graphene-coated porous zeolite material; secondly, preparing a molybdenum diselenide nanosheet/graphene coated porous zeolite compound; and thirdly, compounding. The graphene-based photocatalytic composite material is used for degrading methylene blue. The graphene-based photocatalytic composite material and persulfate prepared by the method can be used for completely degrading methylene blue within 8 min. The graphene-based photocatalytic composite material can be obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method, application and an application method of a photocatalytic composite material.
Background
With the rapid development of economy, environmental pollution is caused, wherein the problems of water pollution and air pollution are particularly remarkable. Part of the water pollution is from dye wastewater. The dye wastewater mainly comes from the printing and dyeing and textile industries, the incomplete treatment can cause harm to domestic water and underground water, and methylene blue is one of the dyes, so that the degradation of the methylene blue is particularly important.
The photocatalytic oxidation technology can mineralize and degrade organic pollutants into products such as nontoxic and harmless carbon dioxide, water and the like under mild conditions, and has good application prospects in the aspects of sewage treatment, air purification and the like, so that the photocatalytic oxidation technology is always a hot point of domestic and foreign research.
Graphene has a special structure and excellent performance, and the graphene has one more choice in photocatalytic performance, and the good electron mobility of the graphene enables the graphene to be compounded with a semiconductor material to effectively transfer photo-generated electrons generated in the photocatalytic process and delay the combination of the photo-generated electrons and holes, so that the catalytic performance of the composite material is greatly improved. The existing photocatalytic material for degrading methylene blue has the problems of long degradation time and poor degradation effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of long degradation time and poor degradation effect of the existing photocatalytic material for degrading methylene blue and poor photocatalytic effect of graphene agglomeration in a graphene-based photocatalytic composite material, and provides a preparation method, application and an application method of the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material.
A preparation method of a graphene-based photocatalytic composite material is completed according to the following steps:
firstly, preparing a graphene-coated porous zeolite material:
dispersing porous graphene and zeolite into absolute ethyl alcohol, and then removing the absolute ethyl alcohol under the conditions of heating and stirring to obtain graphene-coated porous zeolite; sintering the porous zeolite coated with graphene in an inert atmosphere to obtain a porous zeolite material coated with graphene;
the particle size of the zeolite in the first step is 70-80 meshes;
the specific surface area of the porous graphene in the step one is 1000-1300 m2(ii)/g, the pore diameter is 3-5 nm;
secondly, preparing a molybdenum diselenide nanosheet/graphene coated porous zeolite compound:
firstly, Na is added2MoO4·2H2Adding O into an absolute ethyl alcohol/deionized water solution, adding a graphene-coated porous zeolite material, magnetically stirring, and performing ultrasound to obtain a mixture A;
② dissolving Se powder into N2H4·H2O and deionized water, and stirring to obtain a solution I;
thirdly, dropwise adding the solution I into the mixture A to obtain a mixture B; transferring the mixture B into a reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, performing hydrothermal reaction, cooling to room temperature, and drying to obtain a molybdenum diselenide nanosheet/graphene-coated porous zeolite compound;
thirdly, compounding:
adding metal phthalocyanine into absolute ethyl alcohol, and uniformly stirring to obtain a metal phthalocyanine solution;
immersing the molybdenum diselenide nanosheet/graphene coated porous zeolite compound into a metal phthalocyanine solution, evaporating the solvent to dryness under the conditions of stirring and heating, and drying to obtain a reaction product;
and thirdly, circulating the third step to obtain the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material.
The graphene-based photocatalytic composite material is used for degrading methylene blue.
The application method of the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material for degrading methylene blue is completed according to the following steps:
adding the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material into wastewater with the methylene blue content of 10-20 mg/L, adjusting the pH value of the wastewater to 6.5-7.5, and irradiating for 10-15 min under the stirring condition and the power of 300W by using a high-pressure mercury lamp as an ultraviolet light source to obtain water with the methylene blue removed; the volume ratio of the mass of the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material to the waste water is (1 g-2 g):100 mL.
The application method of the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material for degrading methylene blue is completed according to the following steps:
adding the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material and persulfate into wastewater with the methylene blue content of 10-20 mg/L, adjusting the pH value of the wastewater to 6.5-7.5, and irradiating for 5-8 min under the stirring condition and the power of 300W by using a high-pressure mercury lamp as an ultraviolet light source to obtain water with the methylene blue removed; the volume ratio of the mass of the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material to the waste water is (1 g-2 g) 100 mL; the persulfate is potassium persulfate or sodium persulfate; the volume ratio of the mass of the persulfate to the volume of the wastewater is (0.1 g-0.2 g):100 mL.
The principle and the advantages of the invention are as follows:
firstly, porous graphene is loaded on a porous zeolite matrix, so that graphene agglomeration is prevented, wherein the graphene is carbon atom sp2The 2D carbon network with the hybrid hexagonal structure has a high specific surface area and excellent conductivity, molybdenum diselenide is generated in situ on the surface of graphene, has a special layered structure similar to graphene, is high in surface area and excellent in catalytic activity, is compounded with metal phthalocyanine, and has excellent light absorption performance of the metal phthalocyanine, so that the porous graphene, the molybdenum diselenide nanosheet and the metal phthalocyanine are synergistic, and the photocatalytic activity is improved;
secondly, the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material prepared by the method is easy to separate from wastewater and can be repeatedly used;
thirdly, the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material prepared by the invention is matched with persulfateUse of the catalyst enables electron transfer from a supersulfide bond to SO4 -Thereby accelerating the degradation of methylene blue;
fourthly, the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material and persulfate prepared by the method can be used for completely degrading methylene blue within 8 min.
The graphene-based photocatalytic composite material can be obtained.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a graph illustrating the effect of degrading methylene blue by using the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material prepared in the first embodiment in the second embodiment;
fig. 2 is a graph showing the effect of degrading methylene blue by using the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material prepared in the first embodiment and sodium persulfate in the third embodiment.
Detailed Description
The following examples further illustrate the present invention but are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Modifications and substitutions to methods, procedures, or conditions of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.
The first embodiment is as follows: the preparation method of the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material of the embodiment is completed according to the following steps:
firstly, preparing a graphene-coated porous zeolite material:
dispersing porous graphene and zeolite into absolute ethyl alcohol, and then removing the absolute ethyl alcohol under the conditions of heating and stirring to obtain graphene-coated porous zeolite; sintering the porous zeolite coated with graphene in an inert atmosphere to obtain a porous zeolite material coated with graphene;
the particle size of the zeolite in the first step is 70-80 meshes;
the specific surface area of the porous graphene in the step one is 1000-1300 m2(ii)/g, the pore diameter is 3-5 nm;
secondly, preparing a molybdenum diselenide nanosheet/graphene coated porous zeolite compound:
firstly, Na is added2MoO4·2H2Addition of O to Anhydrous ethanol/deionizationAdding a graphene-coated porous zeolite material into the aqueous solution, magnetically stirring, and performing ultrasonic treatment to obtain a mixture A;
② dissolving Se powder into N2H4·H2O and deionized water, and stirring to obtain a solution I;
thirdly, dropwise adding the solution I into the mixture A to obtain a mixture B; transferring the mixture B into a reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, performing hydrothermal reaction, cooling to room temperature, and drying to obtain a molybdenum diselenide nanosheet/graphene-coated porous zeolite compound;
thirdly, compounding:
adding metal phthalocyanine into absolute ethyl alcohol, and uniformly stirring to obtain a metal phthalocyanine solution;
immersing the molybdenum diselenide nanosheet/graphene coated porous zeolite compound into a metal phthalocyanine solution, evaporating the solvent to dryness under the conditions of stirring and heating, and drying to obtain a reaction product;
and thirdly, circulating the third step to obtain the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material.
The principle and advantages of the embodiment are as follows:
firstly, in the embodiment, porous graphene is loaded on a porous zeolite matrix, so that the graphene agglomeration is prevented, wherein the graphene is carbon atom sp2The 2D carbon network with the hybrid hexagonal structure has a high specific surface area and excellent conductivity, molybdenum diselenide is generated in situ on the surface of graphene, has a special layered structure similar to graphene, is high in surface area and excellent in catalytic activity, is compounded with metal phthalocyanine, and has excellent light absorption performance of the metal phthalocyanine, so that the porous graphene, the molybdenum diselenide nanosheet and the metal phthalocyanine are synergistic, and the photocatalytic activity is improved;
secondly, the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material prepared by the embodiment is easy to separate from wastewater and can be repeatedly used;
thirdly, the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material prepared by the embodiment is used in combination with persulfate, and can cause electron transfer of a sulfur-passing bond to generate SO4 -Thereby acceleratingDegrading methylene blue;
fourthly, the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material and the persulfate prepared by the embodiment can be used for completely degrading methylene blue within 8 min.
The graphene-based photocatalytic composite material can be obtained by the embodiment.
The second embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment differs from the present embodiment in that: the preparation method of the porous graphene in the first step is completed according to the following steps: firstly, adding graphene, potassium hydroxide and nickel powder into deionized water, then carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10-20 h at the power of 100-300W, drying, activating for 2-3 h at the temperature of 800 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere, and finally cleaning and drying to obtain porous graphene; the mass ratio of the graphene to the potassium hydroxide to the nickel powder is 1 (3-4) to 1-2; the volume ratio of the mass of the graphene to the volume of the deionized water is 1g (80 mL-100 mL); the cleaning is to use 1mol/L hydrochloric acid to clean for 3 to 5 times, and then use deionized water to clean for 3 to 5 times. Other steps are the same as in the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment differs from the first or second embodiment in that: the mass ratio of the porous graphene to the zeolite in the first step is 1 (5-8); in the first step, the absolute ethyl alcohol is removed under the conditions that the heating temperature is 80-90 ℃ and the stirring speed is 100-500 r/min; the sintering temperature is 700-800 ℃; the inert atmosphere is nitrogen atmosphere. The other steps are the same as in the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to third embodiments is as follows: the volume ratio of the absolute ethyl alcohol to the deionized water in the absolute ethyl alcohol/deionized water solution in the second step is (2-3) to 2; na as described in step two2MoO4·2H2The volume ratio of the mass of the O to the absolute ethyl alcohol/deionized water solution is (0.1 g-0.3 g) to (100 mL-200 mL); na as described in step two2MoO4·2H2The mass ratio of the O to the porous graphene in the first step is 1: 1; the magnetic stirring speed in the second step is 100 r-500 rAnd s, the magnetic stirring time is 10min to 20min, the ultrasonic power is 100W to 300W, and the ultrasonic time is 1h to 2 h. The other steps are the same as those in the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fourth embodiments is: the quality and N of the Se powder in the second step2H4·H2The volume ratio of O is (0.07 g-0.09 g) to (7 mL-9 mL); n in the second step2H4·H2The volume ratio of O to deionized water is (80-85) to (15-20); the stirring speed in the second step is 100 r/min-300 r/min, and the stirring time is 5 min-10 min. The other steps are the same as those in the first to fourth embodiments.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fifth embodiments is as follows: the volume ratio of the solution I to the mixture A in the second step is (7-9) to (100-200); the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction in the second step is 190-210 ℃, and the time of the hydrothermal reaction is 6-8 h; the drying temperature in the second step is 90-100 ℃. The other steps are the same as those in the first to fifth embodiments.
The seventh embodiment: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to sixth embodiments is: the metal phthalocyanine in the third step is one or a mixture of several of cobalt phthalocyanine, iron phthalocyanine and nickel phthalocyanine; the volume ratio of the mass of the metal phthalocyanine to the absolute ethyl alcohol in the third step is 0.1g (400 mL-500 mL); the stirring speed in the third step is 100 r/min-300 r/min; evaporating the solvent to dryness at the stirring speed of 100-300 r/min and the temperature of 70-80 ℃, and drying at the temperature of 70-80 ℃ to obtain a reaction product; and thirdly, circulating the third step for 3-5 times to obtain the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material. The other steps are the same as those in the first to sixth embodiments.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the embodiment is that the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material is used for degrading methylene blue.
The specific implementation method nine: the embodiment is an application method of the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material for degrading methylene blue, which is completed according to the following steps:
adding the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material into wastewater with the methylene blue content of 10-20 mg/L, adjusting the pH value of the wastewater to 6.5-7.5, and irradiating for 10-15 min under the stirring condition and the power of 300W by using a high-pressure mercury lamp as an ultraviolet light source to obtain water with the methylene blue removed; the volume ratio of the mass of the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material to the waste water is (1 g-2 g):100 mL.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the embodiment is an application method of the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material for degrading methylene blue, which is completed according to the following steps:
adding the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material and persulfate into wastewater with the methylene blue content of 10-20 mg/L, adjusting the pH value of the wastewater to 6.5-7.5, and irradiating for 5-8 min under the stirring condition and the power of 300W by using a high-pressure mercury lamp as an ultraviolet light source to obtain water with the methylene blue removed; the volume ratio of the mass of the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material to the waste water is (1 g-2 g) 100 mL; the persulfate is potassium persulfate or sodium persulfate; the volume ratio of the mass of the persulfate to the volume of the wastewater is (0.1 g-0.2 g):100 mL.
The following examples were used to demonstrate the beneficial effects of the present invention:
the first embodiment is as follows: a preparation method of a graphene-based photocatalytic composite material is completed according to the following steps:
firstly, preparing a graphene-coated porous zeolite material:
firstly, adding graphene, potassium hydroxide and nickel powder into deionized water, then carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 15 hours at the power of 100W, drying, then activating for 2.5 hours at the temperature of 800 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere, and finally cleaning and drying to obtain porous graphene; the mass ratio of the graphene to the potassium hydroxide to the nickel powder is 1:3.5: 1.5; the volume ratio of the mass of the graphene to the volume of the deionized water is 1g:100 mL; the cleaning is to use 1mol/L hydrochloric acid to clean for 5 times, and then use deionized water to clean for 5 times; the specific surface area of the porous graphene is 1100-1300 m2(ii)/g, the pore diameter is 3-5 nm;
dispersing the porous graphene and the zeolite into absolute ethyl alcohol, and removing the absolute ethyl alcohol under the conditions that the heating temperature is 80 ℃ and the stirring speed is 300r/min to obtain the porous zeolite coated by the graphene; sintering the porous zeolite coated with graphene in a nitrogen atmosphere at the temperature of 800 ℃ to obtain a porous zeolite material coated with graphene; the mass ratio of the porous graphene to the zeolite is 1: 6; the particle size of the zeolite is 70-80 meshes;
secondly, preparing a molybdenum diselenide nanosheet/graphene coated porous zeolite compound:
firstly, Na is added2MoO4·2H2Adding O into an absolute ethyl alcohol/deionized water solution, adding a graphene-coated porous zeolite material, magnetically stirring, and performing ultrasound to obtain a mixture A;
the volume ratio of the absolute ethyl alcohol to the deionized water in the absolute ethyl alcohol/deionized water solution in the second step is 3: 2;
na as described in step two2MoO4·2H2The volume ratio of the mass of the O to the absolute ethyl alcohol/deionized water solution is 0.2g:150 mL;
na as described in step two2MoO4·2H2The mass ratio of the O to the porous graphene in the first step is 1: 1;
the speed of magnetic stirring in the second step is 500r/s, the time of magnetic stirring is 15min, the power of ultrasound is 100W, and the time of ultrasound is 1 h;
② dissolving Se powder into N2H4·H2O and deionized water, and stirring to obtain a solution I;
the quality and N of the Se powder in the second step2H4·H2The volume ratio of O is 0.09g to 9 mL;
n in the second step2H4·H2The volume ratio of O to deionized water is 80: 20;
the stirring speed in the second step is 300r/min, and the stirring time is 5 min;
thirdly, dropwise adding the solution I into the mixture A to obtain a mixture B; transferring the mixture B into a reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, carrying out hydrothermal reaction at the temperature of 200 ℃ for 6 hours, cooling to room temperature, and drying at the temperature of 90 ℃ to obtain a molybdenum diselenide nanosheet/graphene-coated porous zeolite compound;
the volume ratio of the solution I to the mixture A in the second step is 7: 150;
thirdly, compounding:
firstly, adding iron phthalocyanine into absolute ethyl alcohol, and then uniformly stirring at a stirring speed of 100r/min to obtain an iron phthalocyanine solution;
the volume ratio of the mass of the iron phthalocyanine to the absolute ethyl alcohol in the third step is 0.1g to 400 mL;
immersing the molybdenum diselenide nanosheet/graphene coated porous zeolite compound into an iron phthalocyanine solution, evaporating the solvent to dryness under the conditions of stirring speed of 300r/min and temperature of 70 ℃, and drying at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain a reaction product;
and thirdly, circulating the third step and the third step for 3 times to obtain the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material.
Example two: the application method for degrading methylene blue by using the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material prepared in the first embodiment is completed according to the following steps:
adding the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material into wastewater with the methylene blue content of 20mg/L, adjusting the pH value of the wastewater to 7, and irradiating for 0-12 min under the conditions of stirring and power of 300W by using a high-pressure mercury lamp as an ultraviolet light source to obtain water from which the methylene blue is removed; the volume ratio of the mass of the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material to the wastewater is 2g:100 mL.
Taking 5mL of wastewater every 2min, centrifuging for 10min at a centrifugal speed of 5000r/min, separating and removing the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material, measuring the absorbance of the filtered wastewater by using a spectrophotometer, wherein the wavelength is 665nm, taking the wastewater without the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material as a blank control group, and obtaining the concentration ratio of methylene blue in the wastewater before and after by using the linear relation between the absorbance and the concentration, wherein the concentration ratio is shown in figure 1.
Fig. 1 is a graph illustrating the effect of degrading methylene blue by using the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material prepared in the first embodiment in the second embodiment;
as can be seen from fig. 1, the degradation time is about 8min, and the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material prepared in the first embodiment can be used to substantially completely degrade methylene blue.
Example three: the application method for degrading methylene blue by utilizing the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material prepared in the first embodiment and sodium persulfate is completed according to the following steps:
adding the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material and persulfate into wastewater with the methylene blue content of 20mg/L, adjusting the pH value of the wastewater to 7, and irradiating for 0-8 min under the conditions of stirring and power of 300W by using a high-pressure mercury lamp as an ultraviolet light source to obtain water from which the methylene blue is removed; the volume ratio of the mass of the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material to the wastewater is 2g:100 mL; the persulfate is sodium persulfate; the mass ratio of the persulfate to the volume of the wastewater is 0.1g to 100 mL.
Taking 5mL of wastewater every 2min, centrifuging for 10min at a centrifugal speed of 5000r/min, separating and removing the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material, measuring the absorbance of the filtered wastewater by using a spectrophotometer, wherein the wavelength is 665nm, taking the wastewater without the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material as a blank control group, and obtaining the concentration ratio of methylene blue in the wastewater before and after by using the linear relation between the absorbance and the concentration, wherein the concentration ratio is shown in figure 2.
Fig. 2 is a graph showing the effect of degrading methylene blue by using the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material prepared in the first embodiment and sodium persulfate in the third embodiment.
As can be seen from fig. 2, the degradation time is about 6min, and the methylene blue can be substantially completely degraded by using the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material prepared in the first embodiment and sodium persulfate.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a graphene-based photocatalytic composite material is characterized in that the preparation method of the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material is completed according to the following steps:
firstly, preparing a graphene-coated porous zeolite material:
dispersing porous graphene and zeolite into absolute ethyl alcohol, and then removing the absolute ethyl alcohol under the conditions of heating and stirring to obtain graphene-coated porous zeolite; sintering the porous zeolite coated with graphene in an inert atmosphere to obtain a porous zeolite material coated with graphene;
the particle size of the zeolite in the first step is 70-80 meshes;
the specific surface area of the porous graphene in the step one is 1000-1300 m2(ii)/g, the pore diameter is 3-5 nm;
secondly, preparing a molybdenum diselenide nanosheet/graphene coated porous zeolite compound:
firstly, Na is added2MoO4·2H2Adding O into an absolute ethyl alcohol/deionized water solution, adding a graphene-coated porous zeolite material, magnetically stirring, and performing ultrasound to obtain a mixture A;
② dissolving Se powder into N2H4·H2O and deionized water, and stirring to obtain a solution I;
thirdly, dropwise adding the solution I into the mixture A to obtain a mixture B; transferring the mixture B into a reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, performing hydrothermal reaction, cooling to room temperature, and drying to obtain a molybdenum diselenide nanosheet/graphene-coated porous zeolite compound;
thirdly, compounding:
adding metal phthalocyanine into absolute ethyl alcohol, and uniformly stirring to obtain a metal phthalocyanine solution;
immersing the molybdenum diselenide nanosheet/graphene coated porous zeolite compound into a metal phthalocyanine solution, evaporating the solvent to dryness under the conditions of stirring and heating, and drying to obtain a reaction product;
and thirdly, circulating the third step to obtain the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material.
2. The method for preparing a graphene-based photocatalytic composite material according to claim 1, wherein the method for preparing porous graphene in step one is completed by the following steps: firstly, adding graphene, potassium hydroxide and nickel powder into deionized water, then carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10-20 h at the power of 100-300W, drying, activating for 2-3 h at the temperature of 800 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere, and finally cleaning and drying to obtain porous graphene; the mass ratio of the graphene to the potassium hydroxide to the nickel powder is 1 (3-4) to 1-2; the volume ratio of the mass of the graphene to the volume of the deionized water is 1g (80 mL-100 mL); the cleaning is to use 1mol/L hydrochloric acid to clean for 3 to 5 times, and then use deionized water to clean for 3 to 5 times.
3. The preparation method of the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the porous graphene to the zeolite in the first step is 1 (5-8); in the first step, the absolute ethyl alcohol is removed under the conditions that the heating temperature is 80-90 ℃ and the stirring speed is 100-500 r/min; the sintering temperature is 700-800 ℃; the inert atmosphere is nitrogen atmosphere.
4. The preparation method of the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material according to claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of the absolute ethyl alcohol to the deionized water in the absolute ethyl alcohol/deionized water solution in the second step is (2-3): 2; na as described in step two2MoO4·2H2The volume ratio of the mass of the O to the absolute ethyl alcohol/deionized water solution is (0.1 g-0.3 g) to (100 mL-200 mL); na as described in step two2MoO4·2H2The mass ratio of the O to the porous graphene in the first step is 1: 1; the magnetic stirring speed in the second step is 100 r/s to 500r/s, the magnetic stirring time is 10min to 20min, the ultrasonic power is 100W to 300W, and the ultrasonic time is 1h to 2 h.
5. The method for preparing the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass of the Se powder and the mass of the N powder in the second step2H4·H2The volume ratio of O is (0.07 g-0.09 g) to (7 mL-9 mL); n in the second step2H4·H2The volume ratio of O to deionized water is (80-85) to (15-20); the stirring speed in the second step is 100 r/min-300 r/min, and the stirring time is 5 min-10 min.
6. The method for preparing the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material according to claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of the solution I to the mixture A in the second step (c) is (7-9): 100-200; the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction in the second step is 190-210 ℃, and the time of the hydrothermal reaction is 6-8 h; the drying temperature in the second step is 90-100 ℃.
7. The preparation method of the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material according to claim 1, wherein the metal phthalocyanine in step three is one or a mixture of several of cobalt phthalocyanine, iron phthalocyanine and nickel phthalocyanine; the volume ratio of the mass of the metal phthalocyanine to the absolute ethyl alcohol in the third step is 0.1g (400 mL-500 mL); the stirring speed in the third step is 100 r/min-300 r/min; evaporating the solvent to dryness at the stirring speed of 100-300 r/min and the temperature of 70-80 ℃, and drying at the temperature of 70-80 ℃ to obtain a reaction product; and thirdly, circulating the third step for 3-5 times to obtain the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material.
8. Use of the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material prepared by the preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material is used for degrading methylene blue.
9. The application method of the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material prepared by the preparation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the application method of the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material for degrading methylene blue is completed according to the following steps:
adding the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material into wastewater with the methylene blue content of 10-20 mg/L, adjusting the pH value of the wastewater to 6.5-7.5, and irradiating for 10-15 min under the stirring condition and the power of 300W by using a high-pressure mercury lamp as an ultraviolet light source to obtain water with the methylene blue removed; the volume ratio of the mass of the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material to the waste water is (1 g-2 g):100 mL.
10. The application method of the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material prepared by the preparation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the application method of the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material for degrading methylene blue is completed according to the following steps:
adding the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material and persulfate into wastewater with the methylene blue content of 10-20 mg/L, adjusting the pH value of the wastewater to 6.5-7.5, and irradiating for 5-8 min under the stirring condition and the power of 300W by using a high-pressure mercury lamp as an ultraviolet light source to obtain water with the methylene blue removed; the volume ratio of the mass of the graphene-based photocatalytic composite material to the waste water is (1 g-2 g) 100 mL; the persulfate is potassium persulfate or sodium persulfate; the volume ratio of the mass of the persulfate to the volume of the wastewater is (0.1 g-0.2 g):100 mL.
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