CN113013919B - Symmetrical dual-mode photovoltaic inverter device - Google Patents

Symmetrical dual-mode photovoltaic inverter device Download PDF

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CN113013919B
CN113013919B CN202110237998.7A CN202110237998A CN113013919B CN 113013919 B CN113013919 B CN 113013919B CN 202110237998 A CN202110237998 A CN 202110237998A CN 113013919 B CN113013919 B CN 113013919B
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module
boost
igbt
mode
igbts
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CN113013919A (en
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李练兵
段光欣
张佳伟
李东颖
田云峰
刘汉民
马步云
王阳
杨海跃
王正平
荆锴
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State Grid Xinyuan Zhangjiakou Scenery Storage Demonstration Power Plant Co ltd
Hebei University of Technology
Hengshui Power Supply Co of State Grid Hebei Electric Power Co Ltd
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State Grid Xinyuan Zhangjiakou Scenery Storage Demonstration Power Plant Co ltd
Hebei University of Technology
Hengshui Power Supply Co of State Grid Hebei Electric Power Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00002—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by monitoring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/26—Arrangements for eliminating or reducing asymmetry in polyphase networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H02M1/088—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
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    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/44—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
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    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
    • H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
    • H05K7/2089—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating for power electronics, e.g. for inverters for controlling motor
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    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
    • H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
    • H05K7/2089—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating for power electronics, e.g. for inverters for controlling motor
    • H05K7/209—Heat transfer by conduction from internal heat source to heat radiating structure
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    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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Abstract

The invention relates to a symmetrical dual-mode photovoltaic inverter device. The device comprises a control module, a BOOST module, a power supply switching module, an information acquisition module, a storage battery, an IGBT inversion module and an energy storage bidirectional DC/DC charging and discharging module; the control module is respectively connected with the power supply switching module and the information acquisition module, and is also respectively connected with the BOOST circuit through the BOOST driving board and the inversion IGBT driving board; the information acquisition module is respectively connected with the BOOST module and the IGBT inversion module, and the BOOST module is also connected with the IGBT inversion module; the storage battery is also connected with the energy storage bidirectional DC/DC charging and discharging module and the power supply switching module respectively; the power supply switching module, the BOOST module, the energy storage bidirectional DC/DC charging and discharging module are respectively connected with the photovoltaic panel; the invention solves the problems of insufficient power supply capability when the power generation power of the photovoltaic panel is low and resource waste when the power generation power is high.

Description

Symmetrical dual-mode photovoltaic inverter device
Technical Field
The invention designs a photovoltaic power generation inverter, and particularly relates to a parallel-off-grid dual-mode inverter.
Background
The photovoltaic inverter is used as an important component of solar power generation, low-voltage direct-current electric energy generated by the solar component is converted into electric energy suitable for electric appliances, and the advantages and disadvantages of the inverter directly influence the utilization efficiency of solar power generation energy. The working modes of the photovoltaic inverter mainly comprise two modes, namely an off-grid mode and a grid-connected mode, and in an island mode, the asymmetry of three-phase load can cause the asymmetry of three-phase voltage, so that the working of an electric appliance is abnormal; and in the grid-connected mode, the situation of unbalanced voltage does not occur. Most of the grid-connected inverters commonly used at present adopt a topological structure of three-phase three bridge arms; the inverter in off-grid mode usually uses a three-phase three-leg delta/Y transformer, and the structure increases the size of the inverter and decreases the power density due to the addition of the transformer. The voltage directly output by the photovoltaic power generation assembly is lower, the minimum voltage required by inversion cannot be achieved, the voltage needs to be boosted before inversion, the voltage is boosted by a common single BOOST, larger input current fluctuation can be generated, and meanwhile, the output voltage is not stable enough. The photovoltaic module has lower power generation power in overcast and rainy weather, and in off-grid mode, the output power of the photovoltaic module can fluctuate in a large range due to weather changes, so that normal use of the electric appliance is affected.
Most of the existing photovoltaic inverters are suitable for one mode of grid connection or off-grid, the bidirectional DC/DC charging and discharging functions are not existed, and the boosting circuit is a staggered parallel double IGBT, so that the defects of large fluctuation of single BOOST input current and unstable output voltage are avoided; the power supply of the control module can be converted between the energy storage battery and the photovoltaic panel power generation, and the efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation is fully utilized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a symmetrical dual-mode photovoltaic inverter device. The device adopts three-phase four-bridge arms under off-grid conditions, one bridge is abandoned under grid-connected conditions, and traditional three-phase three-bridge arms are adopted to invert electric energy; designing a circuit structure for selecting a power supply by using a relay; designing two groups of staggered and parallel IGBT modules to form a BUCK circuit and a BOOST circuit, and forming a bidirectional DC/DC charging and discharging functional circuit of the energy storage battery and the direct current bus; all control functions of the whole device are completed through a single ARM chip in a control part, and a double-timer-based mutually-differential 180-degree PWM is configured by reasonably distributing pin resources, so that high-efficiency control of a low-performance MCU is realized; a weighted self-adaptive dual-mode transition algorithm is adopted for switching between two-dimensional vector control and three-dimensional vector control. The invention realizes the conversion of low-voltage direct current energy generated by photovoltaic into high-voltage alternating current energy required by an electric appliance, and has two working modes which are respectively applicable to two working conditions of grid connection and off-grid connection; the bidirectional DC/DC charge-discharge circuit is designed, and the problems of insufficient power supply capability when the generated power of the photovoltaic panel is low and resource waste when the generated power is high are solved.
The invention solves the technical problems by adopting the following technical scheme:
a symmetrical dual-mode photovoltaic inverter device comprises a control module, a BOOST module, a power supply switching module, an information acquisition module, a storage battery, an IGBT inversion module and an energy storage bidirectional DC/DC charging and discharging module;
the connection relation is as follows: the control module is respectively connected with the power supply switching module and the information acquisition module, and is also respectively connected with the BOOST circuit through the BOOST driving board and the inversion IGBT driving board; the information acquisition module is respectively connected with the BOOST module and the IGBT inversion module, and the BOOST module is also connected with the IGBT inversion module; the storage battery is respectively connected with the energy storage bidirectional DC/DC charging and discharging module and the power supply switching module; the power supply switching module, the BOOST module, the energy storage bidirectional DC/DC charging and discharging module are respectively connected with the photovoltaic panel;
the control module comprises a power supply, an ADC sampling part, a control signal transmitting part, an MCU, a fan, an indicator light and a communication part, wherein the connection relation of the control module is as follows: the MCU is respectively connected with the power supply, the ADC sampling, the DC/DC power driving part, the control signal transmitting part, the communication part, the cooling fan and the display part;
the power supply switching module comprises a secondary direct current bus, a DC-DC module, an external 24V storage battery, an internal 24V storage battery and a single-pole double-throw relay; the connection is as follows: the external 24V storage battery is connected with a normally closed contact of the single-pole double-throw relay, the negative electrode is connected with the negative electrode of the DC-DC module, the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the output end of the DC-DC module are respectively connected with the relay coil, the positive electrode of the output end of the DC-DC module is also connected with the relay for controlling electric shock, and the output point of the relay is connected with the control module;
the BOOST module comprises: the EMC filter comprises three capacitors, two inductors, two groups of staggered parallel IGBTs and three resistors; the concrete connection is as follows: the boost circuit uses two groups of IGBTs to form an H bridge, the positive and negative ends of direct current are respectively connected with the positive and negative ends of an EMC filter, and the positive and negative ends of the EMC filter are respectively connected with the two ends of the first capacitor; the positive electrode of the EMC filter is also connected with one end of two mutually parallel inductors, the other ends of the two inductors are respectively connected with the midpoints of the two groups of IGBTs, one end of each IGBT is connected with a resistor with a switch in series, and finally the IGBT is connected with two mutually serial capacitors and two mutually serial resistors in parallel to form a BOOST circuit;
the bidirectional DC/DC charging and discharging module comprises: two groups of IGBTs, two inductors, four capacitors, three resistors, three switches and a BMS board; the concrete connection is as follows: the positive electrode of the BMS plate is connected with a switch and then is connected with a resistor connected in parallel with the switch, a capacitor with stable voltage is connected in parallel, two ends of the capacitor are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the BMS output end in parallel, the positive electrode is connected with two parallel inductors, the other end of the inductor is respectively connected with two midpoints of two groups of IGBTs, the positive electrode of the IGBTs is connected with the resistor connected in parallel with the switch in series, and then is connected with the two capacitors connected in series and the inductor connected in series in parallel;
the IGBT inversion module comprises: the device comprises an inversion IGBT driving circuit, four groups of IGBTs, four inductors, three capacitors, EMC filtering and a circuit breaker; the concrete connection is as follows: the direct current boosted by the BOOST circuit is connected into the anode and the cathode of four groups of parallel IGBTs, the midpoints A, B, C, N of the four groups of IGBTs are respectively connected with four inductors, the other ends of three capacitors of the three parallel capacitors after ABC three phases are respectively connected in series with the inductors are connected onto N phases, the ABC three phases are connected into an EMC filter, and the ABC three phases are filtered and serve as the output of an inverter.
The MCU model is GD32F407.
The invention has the substantial characteristics that:
the alternating parallel IGBT is adopted to boost and invert the electric energy, and compared with the current similar device, the alternating parallel IGBT can switch between two working conditions of a parallel-to-off network mode, and the problem that the load unbalance affects the normal work of the load is effectively solved by utilizing the topological structure of the three-phase four bridge arms under the off-network condition.
The control method of the energy storage battery bidirectional DC/DC charge-discharge module composed of the IGBTs which are connected in parallel in a staggered manner, the three-phase four-bridge-arm inversion module composed of four groups of IGBTs and the control module is the most critical.
The invention mainly aims at designing a three-phase four-bridge ARM inverter circuit which is suitable for a photovoltaic inverter in two modes of parallel connection and off-grid, and a control circuit is designed by using a single ARM chip configuration to realize automatic switching of power supply; an on-line prediction control algorithm based on an ABC coordinate system is adopted to enable a three-phase four-leg to be suitable for an off-grid mode, one of the three-phase four-leg is abandoned in a grid-connected mode, and a traditional three-phase three-leg inversion method is adopted to design a weighted self-adaptive dual-mode transition algorithm for enabling two-dimensional vector control to be switched to three-dimensional vector control.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the device utilizes four groups of IGBTs to form a topological structure of a three-phase four-bridge arm, adopts the topological structure of the three-phase four-bridge arm under off-grid conditions, solves the problem of unbalanced three-phase voltage caused by unbalanced load by combining a three-dimensional vector algorithm, and increases the reliability and safety of power supply to electric appliances.
The device functionally realizes that a fourth bridge of a three-phase four-bridge arm is abandoned in a grid-connected mode, and the traditional two-dimensional vector control method of a three-phase three-bridge arm structure is adopted to control inversion, so that the friendliness and operability of grid connection of the device are improved.
The device realizes the smooth transition of two working modes of the inverter by adopting a double-controller weighted transition algorithm under the condition of switching the parallel-off network modes, avoids the influence of the switching of the working modes on the normal working of the device, and improves the reliability of the device when the working modes are switched.
When the battery assembly is started, the booster circuit cannot work, an external storage battery is required to supply power to the control circuit, after the output direct-current voltage of the photovoltaic panel reaches a given value after being boosted by the BOOST, the voltage of 800V on the direct-current bus is converted into the power supply voltage required by the control module through a transformer, and at the moment, the power supply is switched by a single-pole double-throw relay, wherein the control of the relay is directly controlled by 24V output by the transformer, so that the automatic switching of two paths of power supplies is realized, and meanwhile, a large-capacity capacitor is connected in parallel to the 24V direct-current end of the control circuit, so that the continuous work of the control part in the power supply switching process is ensured, and the continuous work of the control part in the power supply switching process is ensured. .
The device comprises an information acquisition module, a control module, a feedback mechanism, a control module and a control module, wherein the information acquisition module is used for acquiring information such as ambient temperature, voltage and current of each node in the system, the information acquisition module is used for acquiring information and arranging the information and then sending the information to the control module, and the control module is used for deciding the working state of each part of the control system in real time.
The device uses two staggered parallel IGBTs to realize bidirectional DC/DC of the battery. When the power generated by the photovoltaic module is sufficient, the BUCK circuit generates electric energy by using the photovoltaic module to charge the energy storage battery; when the power generated by the photovoltaic module is insufficient, the BOOST circuit uses the energy stored by the energy storage battery to compensate the power for the secondary direct current bus.
The device inverter module comprises an inverter circuit of a three-phase four-bridge arm formed by four IGBTs, and under the off-grid condition, a topological structure of the three-phase four-bridge arm is adopted to convert direct current generated by a photovoltaic module into alternating current required by an electric appliance; under the grid-connected condition, the inversion module discards a fourth bridge of the three-phase four bridge arms, and inverts direct current generated by the photovoltaic module by adopting a traditional three-phase three-bridge topological structure.
The two-dimensional vector control of the device is switched to the three-dimensional vector control by using a weighted self-adaptive dual-mode transition algorithm, the two control modes are multiplied by weights and added to be used as the output duty ratio of PWM, the three-phase unbalance is used as the distribution basis of the weighted values of the two control algorithms, and when the grid-connected mode is switched to the off-grid mode, the duty ratio of the three-dimensional vector control algorithm is gradually increased according to the three-phase unbalance degree until the weight is 1. The off-grid mode is switched to the grid-connected mode, and the weight ratio of the two-dimensional vector algorithm is gradually increased to 1.
The device realizes that the control part comprises a PWM part for driving the DC/DC power tube, a PWM part for driving the DC/AC power tube, an ADC acquisition part, a digital signal input/output part, a radiator fan control part and a display and communication part. The control circuit takes an ARM chip as a core, all control functions of the whole device are completed through a single ARM chip, and a mutually different 180-degree PWM control method based on double timers is configured through reasonably distributing pin resources, so that high-efficiency control of a low-performance MCU on the system device is realized.
The chassis assembly of the device adopts a three-layer structure, and the bottom layer is a high-power device such as an inductor, an alternating current filter inductor, a capacitor and the like used for boosting and reducing. Two aluminium radiating fins in the middle layer are symmetrically arranged, 4 groups of IGBT modules are arranged on each radiating fin, and the middle of each radiating fin is provided with a supporting capacitor at the direct current side. The top layer is two blocks of voltage and current acquisition circuit boards with identical structures and symmetrically installed, the middle part is a control board with ARM as a core, the whole device is controlled by an ARM chip, the structure is simple and neat, the installation and the maintenance are convenient, and the anti-interference capability of the circuit is enhanced by the three-layer structure.
The device is additionally provided with a 24V emergency stop switch, so that the device can be stopped at any time under emergency conditions, and the safety and stability of the operation are ensured.
The EMC filter is added at the output end of the device, harmonic waves of output electric energy are filtered, output voltage waveforms are stabilized, and the quality of the output electric energy is consolidated.
Description of the drawings:
the invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a functional diagram of a system of the apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a functional schematic diagram of a control module.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a power switching module.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a BOOST module.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a bi-directional DC/DC module.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an inverter IGBT module.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the overall connection of the device;
FIG. 8 is a waveform diagram of the normal operating voltage of the device;
FIG. 9 is a vector diagram of the normal operating voltage of the device;
the specific embodiment is as follows:
the invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings, but only by way of illustration and not limitation.
The invention relates to a symmetrical dual-mode photovoltaic inverter device, which utilizes four groups of IGBTs to form a topological structure of a three-phase four-leg, utilizes the topological structure of the three-phase four-leg and a three-dimensional vector control method to cope with a three-phase unbalanced load under off-grid conditions, discards one of the three-phase four-leg under grid-connected conditions, inverts electric energy of a photovoltaic panel by adopting a traditional three-phase three-leg and two-dimensional vector control method, and utilizes a weighted self-adaptive dual-mode transition algorithm to realize smooth transition switching of the inverter under two working modes of grid connection and off-grid; by using two staggered and parallel IGBTs to form a BUCK circuit and a BOOST circuit, the power compensation of the direct current bus is realized when the photovoltaic power generation power is insufficient, and the energy storage battery is charged when the photovoltaic power generation power is sufficient, so that the photovoltaic power generation bidirectional DC/DC charging and discharging function is completed. The unidirectional BOOST module utilizes two groups of staggered and parallel IGBTs to form a BOOST circuit, and the purpose of converting low-voltage direct current emitted by photovoltaic into high-voltage direct current which can be used for inversion by the inversion module is achieved.
The symmetrical dual-mode photovoltaic inverter device disclosed by the invention is shown in fig. 1, and comprises a control module, a BOOST module, a power supply switching module, an information acquisition module, a storage battery, an IGBT inversion module and an energy storage bidirectional DC/DC charging and discharging module;
the connection relation is as follows: the control module is respectively connected with the power supply switching module and the information acquisition module, and is also respectively connected with the BOOST circuit through the BOOST driving board and the inversion IGBT driving board; the information acquisition module is respectively connected with the BOOST module and the IGBT inversion module, and the BOOST module is also connected with the IGBT inversion module; the storage battery is respectively connected with the energy storage bidirectional DC/DC charging and discharging module and the power supply switching module; the power supply switching module, the BOOST module, the energy storage bidirectional DC/DC charging and discharging module are respectively connected with the photovoltaic panel;
the information acquisition module is a known device, and specifically, a sensor of the voltage of CHV-25P of Send, a sensor of the current of CHB-25NP of Send and a temperature sensor of the thermistor HSTL-TTC are used for detecting the state of the device. The acquisition module is used for acquiring information such as voltage, current and temperature of each IGBT of each part of the device, and the acquisition module is formed by splicing circuits by utilizing voltage, current and temperature sensors according to required functions.
The control module is shown in fig. 2, and comprises a power supply, an ADC sampling part, a control signal transmitting part, an MCU, a fan, a display part and a communication part, wherein the connection relation is as follows: the MCU is respectively connected with the power supply, the ADC sampling, the DC/DC power driving part, the control signal transmitting part, the communication part, the cooling fan and the display part;
the power supply supplies 3.3V voltage to the MCU and 15V voltage to the operational amplifier in the ADC sampling respectively; the information of each part in the ADC sampling acquisition system enables the MCU to analyze and process; after MCU processing, the peripheral equipment is controlled by a control signal, and PWM control IGBT and BOOST circuit are sent out; the fan is used for radiating heat of the device; the communication is used for remote control.
The MCU used by the device is a domestic chip GD32F407.
The control module is used for calculating and deciding the information transmitted by each module and controlling the instruction transmitted by each module. The BOOST module BOOSTs the low-voltage direct current emitted by the photovoltaic to the voltage required by the IGBT inversion module. And the IGBT inversion module inverts the electric energy boosted by the BOOST and outputs high-voltage direct current to supply power for the electric appliance. The information acquisition module is used for acquiring information and the control module to form a feedback structure. The energy storage bidirectional DC/DC charging and discharging module can utilize the storage battery to compensate power and store energy for photovoltaic power generation.
The power supply switching module is shown in figure 3, and comprises a secondary direct current bus, a DC-DC module, an external 24V storage battery, an internal 24V storage battery and a single-pole double-throw relay; the connection is as follows: the external 24V storage battery is connected with the normally closed contact of the single-pole double-throw relay, the negative electrode is connected with the negative electrode of the DC-DC module, the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the output end of the DC-DC module are respectively connected with the coil of the relay, the positive electrode of the output end of the DC-DC module is also connected with the control electric shock of the relay, a circuit structure for supplying power to the control module by the priority secondary direct current bus is formed, the output point of the relay is connected with the control module, and the control module is supplied with power, so that the structure of the selectable power supply unit is formed.
The BOOST module composition shown in fig. 4 includes: the EMC filter comprises three capacitors, two inductors, two groups of staggered parallel IGBTs and three resistors; the concrete connection is as follows: the booster circuit uses two groups of IGBTs to form an H bridge (two groups are connected in series), PWM only controls a lower bridge, and an upper bridge is closed to form a staggered parallel type BOOST structure; the positive end and the negative end of the direct current are respectively connected with the positive end and the negative end of the EMC filter, and the positive end and the negative end of the EMC filter are respectively connected with the two ends of the first capacitor; the positive electrode of the EMC filter is also connected with one end of two mutually parallel inductors, the other ends of the two inductors are respectively connected with the midpoints of the two groups of IGBTs, one end of each IGBT is connected with a resistor with a switch in series, and finally the IGBT is connected with two mutually serial capacitors and two mutually serial resistors in parallel to form a BOOST circuit; and the electric energy voltage generated by the photovoltaic module is lifted to the order of magnitude that the inversion module can invert. The BOOST module is respectively connected with the photovoltaic panel, the information acquisition module and the IGBT inversion module and is connected with the control module through the driving panel.
The traditional unidirectional BOOST circuit can generate larger input current fluctuation, and meanwhile, the output voltage is not stable enough.
The bidirectional DC/DC charge-discharge module of the device comprises the following components as shown in figure 5: two groups of IGBTs, two inductors, three capacitors, four resistors, three switches and a BMS board; the concrete connection is as follows: the positive pole of BMS board connects the switch and then connects a resistance parallelly connected with the switch, connects a capacitor for stabilizing voltage parallelly connected, and the electric capacity both ends are parallelly connected with BMS output positive and negative pole respectively, and two parallelly connected inductances are connected again to the positive pole, and the other end of inductance is connected to two midpoints of two sets of IGBTs respectively, and the positive pole of IGBT is established ties with the parallelly connected resistance of switch, later establishes ties with two electric capacities that establish ties each other and mutual inductance that establish ties each other again, constitutes BUCK, BOOST circuit, constitutes the two-way DC/DC charge-discharge module of energy storage battery and is connected with the photovoltaic board respectively. The bidirectional charging and discharging circuit structure of the energy storage battery is formed, the discharging mode can be used for carrying out power compensation on the direct current bus, and the charging mode can be used for saving energy generated by the photovoltaic module.
The bidirectional DC/DC charging and discharging module is connected in parallel by using two groups of IGBTs in a staggered way, and only one bridge of the IGBTs is adopted when the bidirectional DC/DC charging and discharging module is used as a charging function, and the diode of the other bridge is used; forming a BOOST circuit; when the device is used as a discharging function, an IGBT of one bridge is utilized, and a diode of the other bridge is utilized to form a BUCK circuit; BUCK and BOOST circuits are multiplexed in a time-sharing mode, the energy storage battery is charged and discharged, the discharging mode can be a direct current bus for power compensation, the charging mode can save energy generated by the photovoltaic module, the use of components is reduced, and the size of the device is reduced.
The IGBT inversion module of the device comprises the following components as shown in fig. 6: the device comprises an inversion IGBT driving circuit, four groups of IGBTs, four inductors, three capacitors, EMC filtering and a circuit breaker; the concrete connection is as follows: the direct current boosted by the BOOST circuit is connected into the anode and the cathode of four groups of parallel IGBTs, the midpoints A, B, C, N of the four groups of IGBTs are respectively connected with four inductors, the three ABC phases are respectively connected in series with the inductors and then are connected with three capacitors in parallel, the other ends of the three capacitors are connected onto N phases, the three ABC phases are connected into an EMC filter, and the filtered three ABC phases are used as the output of an inverter.
The inverter module adopts four groups of IGBTs to form a topological structure of a three-phase four-leg, the electric energy is inverted by adopting the topological structure of the three-phase four-leg in an off-grid mode, the topological structure of the three-phase four-leg can solve the problem of unbalanced three-phase load, and the stability of the electric energy quality is improved; and one of the three-phase four-bridge arms is abandoned in the grid-connected mode, and the traditional three-phase three-bridge arm structure is adopted, so that the friendliness of the device for grid connection is improved.
The software or protocols involved in the present invention are all well known.
The invention provides a symmetrical dual-mode photovoltaic inverter device. The device can boost the direct current generated by the photovoltaic module and then invert the direct current into the alternating current required by the electric appliance; the working mode of the switching device can be switched through the control module according to two working conditions of the network connection and disconnection; the device can carry out power compensation on the direct current bus when the power emitted by the photovoltaic component is insufficient, and can charge and store energy of the energy storage battery when the power emitted by the photovoltaic component is sufficient; the running state of the detection device can be displayed through the upper computer, and the work of the inverter can be remotely controlled through the communication part. The invention enhances the friendliness of the inverter under grid-connected working conditions and off-grid working conditions, and solves the problem that the output of the photovoltaic module is uneven due to weather influence.
The invention adopts the domestic chip GD32F407 as the MCU of the device, all components adopted by the device are domestic products, the photovoltaic power generation energy is calculated through the MCU, and the MCU controls the boosting module and the inversion module to generate the electric energy meeting the requirements; the inside adopts a dual-power mode, so that the full utilization of photovoltaic power generation and the working stability of the device are ensured; the bidirectional DC/DC circuit of the energy storage battery is designed, so that the utilization rate of photovoltaic power generation energy and the reliability of user power utilization are improved.
The following basic functions are tested on the symmetrical dual-mode photovoltaic inverter device, and mainly comprise a communication module function, a power switching module function, a BOOST module function, an IGBT inversion module function and off-grid mode switching.
In the case of example 1,
the following is the functional test result of the device, wherein the communication module, the power supply switching module, the BOOST module, the IGBT inversion module, the display function, the fan heat dissipation and the off-grid mode switching are all main functional tests of the device;
table 1 basic functional test
Figure GDA0004237905030000101
The communication module control device is started and stopped, CAN communication remote control is adopted, and the upper computer CAN collect the state of the device and monitor the running state of the device at any time.
The communication module has no test condition, namely can realize the starting and stopping of the remote communication control device under the normal use condition, and collects the state information of the device.
The power supply switching module does not influence the normal operation of the device in the power supply switching process, the power supply switching speed is less than or equal to 20ms, the detection test result is 11ms, the normal operation of the device is not influenced, and the power supply switching function is realized.
The BOOST module BOOSTs the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic to the order of magnitude of the inversion which can be performed by the inverter, and the BOOST module detects the voltage to 820V through the universal meter, so that the inversion condition of the inversion module is met.
The inversion module inverts the boosted direct current into alternating current which can be used by the electric appliance. The three-phase voltage after inversion has effective values of 224.399V, 224.157 and 224.296 and frequencies of 49.977Hz, the three-phase voltage phase difference is 120 degrees, no harmonic wave exists basically, the waveform is consistent with a sine wave, no jitter exists, and the effect diagrams are shown in fig. 8 and 9.
And according to the test result, the device is shown to have realized functions.
The invention is not a matter of the known technology.

Claims (9)

1. The symmetrical dual-mode photovoltaic inverter device is characterized by comprising a control module, a BOOST module, a power supply switching module, an information acquisition module, a storage battery, an IGBT inversion module and an energy storage bidirectional DC/DC charging and discharging module;
the connection relation is as follows: the control module is respectively connected with the power supply switching module and the information acquisition module, and is also respectively connected with the BOOST circuit through the BOOST driving board and the inversion IGBT driving board; the information acquisition module is respectively connected with the BOOST module and the IGBT inversion module, and the BOOST module is also connected with the IGBT inversion module; the storage battery is also connected with the energy storage bidirectional DC/DC charging and discharging module and the power supply switching module respectively; the power supply switching module, the BOOST module, the energy storage bidirectional DC/DC charging and discharging module are respectively connected with the photovoltaic panel;
the IGBT inversion module comprises: the device comprises an inversion IGBT driving circuit, four groups of IGBTs, four inductors, three capacitors, EMC filtering and a circuit breaker;
in the IGBT inversion module, four IGBTs form an inversion circuit of a three-phase four-bridge arm, and under the off-grid condition, a topological structure of the three-phase four-bridge arm is adopted to convert direct current generated by a photovoltaic module into alternating current required by an electric appliance; under the grid-connected condition, the inversion module discards a fourth bridge of the three-phase four bridge arms, and inverts direct current generated by the photovoltaic module by adopting a traditional three-phase three-bridge topological structure;
the inverter device uses a weighted self-adaptive dual-mode transition algorithm, is used for switching two-dimensional vector control to three-dimensional vector control, multiplies the two control modes by weights and then adds the two control modes to serve as the output duty ratio of PWM, takes three-phase unbalance as the distribution basis of weighted values of the two control algorithms, and gradually increases the duty ratio of the three-dimensional vector control algorithm until the weight is 1 according to the three-phase unbalance degree when the grid-connected mode is switched to the off-grid mode; the off-grid mode is switched to the grid-connected mode, and the weight ratio of the two-dimensional vector algorithm is gradually increased to 1.
2. The symmetrical dual-mode photovoltaic inverter apparatus of claim 1, wherein the power switching module comprises a secondary DC bus, a DC-DC module, an external 24V battery, an internal 24V battery, and a single pole double throw relay; the connection is as follows: the external 24V storage battery is connected with a normally closed contact of the single-pole double-throw relay, the negative electrode is connected with the negative electrode of the DC-DC module, the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the output end of the DC-DC module are respectively connected with the relay coil, the positive electrode of the output end of the DC-DC module is also connected with the relay for controlling electric shock, and the output point of the relay is connected with the control module.
3. The symmetrical dual-mode photovoltaic inverter apparatus of claim 1, wherein said BOOST module comprises: the EMC filter comprises three capacitors, two inductors, two groups of staggered parallel IGBTs and three resistors; the concrete connection is as follows: the boost circuit uses two groups of IGBTs to form an H bridge, the positive and negative ends of direct current are respectively connected with the positive and negative ends of an EMC filter, and the positive and negative ends of the EMC filter are respectively connected with the two ends of the first capacitor; the positive electrode of the EMC filter is further connected with one end of two mutually parallel inductors, the other ends of the two inductors are respectively connected with the midpoints of the two groups of IGBTs, one end of each IGBT is connected with a resistor with a switch in series, and finally the IGBT is connected with two mutually series capacitors and two mutually series resistors in parallel to form a BOOST circuit.
4. The symmetrical dual-mode photovoltaic inverter apparatus of claim 3, wherein said bidirectional DC/DC charge-discharge module comprises: two groups of IGBTs, two inductors, three capacitors, four resistors, three switches and a BMS board.
5. The symmetrical dual-mode photovoltaic inverter apparatus of claim 1, wherein the bi-directional DC/DC charge-discharge module is connected to: the positive pole of BMS board connects the switch and then connects a resistance parallelly connected with the switch, connects a capacitor for stabilizing voltage parallelly connected, and the electric capacity both ends are parallelly connected with BMS output positive negative pole respectively, and two parallelly connected inductances are connected again to the positive pole, and the other end of inductance is connected to two midpoints of two sets of IGBTs respectively, and the positive pole of IGBT is established ties with the parallelly connected resistance of switch, later establishes ties with two electric capacities that establish ties each other and inductance that establish ties each other again.
6. The symmetrical dual-mode photovoltaic inverter apparatus of claim 1, wherein the IGBT inverter modules are connected by: the direct current boosted by the BOOST circuit is connected into the anode and the cathode of four groups of parallel IGBTs, the midpoints A, B, C, N of the four groups of IGBTs are respectively connected with four inductors, the three ABC phases are respectively connected in series with the inductors and then are connected with three capacitors in parallel, the other ends of the three capacitors are connected onto N phases, the three ABC phases are connected into an EMC filter, and the filtered three ABC phases are used as the output of an inverter.
7. The symmetrical dual-mode photovoltaic inverter apparatus of claim 1, wherein the control module comprises a power supply, an ADC sampling section, a control signal transmitting section, an MCU, a fan, an indicator light, a communication section.
8. The symmetrical dual-mode photovoltaic inverter apparatus of claim 7, wherein the connection relationship of the control modules is: the MCU is respectively connected with the power supply, the ADC sampling, the DC/DC power driving part, the control signal transmitting part, the communication part, the cooling fan and the display part.
9. The symmetrical dual-mode photovoltaic inverter of claim 8, wherein the MCU is model GD32F407.
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