CN113013895B - Dynamic supply and demand balance regulation and control method for AC/DC micro-grid - Google Patents

Dynamic supply and demand balance regulation and control method for AC/DC micro-grid Download PDF

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CN113013895B
CN113013895B CN202110233989.0A CN202110233989A CN113013895B CN 113013895 B CN113013895 B CN 113013895B CN 202110233989 A CN202110233989 A CN 202110233989A CN 113013895 B CN113013895 B CN 113013895B
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air
room
model
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CN113013895A (en
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徐青山
陈思捷
秦铭磊
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Southeast University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
    • H02J3/241—The oscillation concerning frequency
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/26—Arrangements for eliminating or reducing asymmetry in polyphase networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H02J3/48—Controlling the sharing of the in-phase component
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/50—Arrangements for eliminating or reducing asymmetry in polyphase networks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/242—Home appliances
    • Y04S20/244—Home appliances the home appliances being or involving heating ventilating and air conditioning [HVAC] units

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of power system operation control, and discloses a dynamic supply and demand balance regulation and control method for an alternating current-direct current micro-grid, which comprises the following steps: step S1, establishing a micro-grid basic model architecture by considering the characteristics of the AC/DC micro-grid; step S2, establishing a room equivalent thermal parameter model and a variable frequency air conditioner combined simulation model according to the parameter characteristics of the room at the user side; step S3, after a user side room model is accessed, a power generation control model of the synchronous twin-towed generator is designed; step S4, considering the load fluctuation of the microgrid, designing a synchronous generator to participate in a supply and demand balance frequency regulation strategy of the alternating current-direct current microgrid; and step S5, designing a micro-grid supply and demand regulation strategy participated by the air-conditioning room joint simulation model according to the load characteristics of the micro-grid. According to the regulation and control method, when the load fluctuation of the micro-grid changes, the frequency change condition is improved through the combined regulation and control of the synchronous generator and the air conditioner load.

Description

Dynamic supply and demand balance regulation and control method for AC/DC micro-grid
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of operation control of power systems, in particular to a dynamic supply and demand balance regulation and control method for an alternating current-direct current micro-grid.
Background
The energy industry is used as the basic industry of national economy, and is not only a necessary premise for ensuring national strategic safety, but also an important guarantee for realizing economic sustainable development. At present, the output of wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation is mainly determined by the size of wind speed and illumination intensity, and the wind speed and the illumination change at any time, so the output of a wind power plant and a photovoltaic power station also fluctuates, and the instability can cause the fluctuation of voltage, current and frequency of a power grid after large-scale wind power and photovoltaic power stations are connected to the power grid, so the power quality of the power grid is influenced. In order to improve compatibility with a large power grid and maximize value and benefit brought to the power grid and users by distributed energy, air conditioners and other thermal loads, the development of a user-side micro-grid is provided.
The micro-grid is a single controllable independent power supply system formed by integrating a micro-power supply, a load, an energy storage device and a control device, so that a mechanism capable of fully utilizing distributed power generation units is provided. The microgrid has a dual role, being considered as a controllable unit for large grids, responding to the demand of an external power transmission network at a speed of a few seconds; for users, the micro-grid can meet specific requirements and provide diversified electric energy for the users. However, the existing microgrid model lacks a regulation and control method when the load fluctuation changes, so a regulation and control strategy for dynamic supply and demand balance of a microgrid is needed to meet the application of the microgrid.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above mentioned drawbacks in the background art, the present invention provides a dynamic supply and demand balance control method for an ac/dc microgrid, which improves the frequency variation situation by the combined control of a synchronous generator and the air conditioning load when the microgrid has load fluctuation variation.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a dynamic supply and demand balance regulation and control method for an alternating current-direct current microgrid comprises the following steps:
step S1, considering characteristics of the AC/DC microgrid, and establishing a microgrid basic model architecture;
step S2, establishing a room equivalent thermal parameter model and a variable frequency air conditioner combined simulation model according to the parameter characteristics of the room at the user side;
step S3, after a user side room model is accessed, a power generation control model of the synchronous twin-towed generator is designed;
step S4, considering the load fluctuation of the microgrid, designing a synchronous generator to participate in a supply and demand balance frequency regulation strategy of the alternating current-direct current microgrid;
and step S5, designing a micro-grid supply and demand regulation strategy participated by the air-conditioning room joint simulation model according to the load characteristics of the micro-grid.
Further preferably, in step S1, the microgrid base model is a hybrid simulation model based on a data model and a physical model, the voltage of the bus at the ac side of the microgrid base model is 10KV, a three-phase switch is combined and connected to the main power grid of 10KV and 20GW, the main power grid is equivalent to an infinite high-power supply, the voltage of the bus at the dc side of the microgrid base model is 500V, and the microgrid base model is connected to the ac bus through a VSC bidirectional converter;
the microgrid basic model further comprises a 200KW photovoltaic power generation system and a 10K omega constant impedance load, and the 200KW photovoltaic power generation system and the 10K omega constant impedance load are connected into the microgrid system through a direct current bus.
Further preferably, the alternating-current side bus is connected with a synchronous power generation system, a wind power generation system, a grounding transformer, a reactive compensation load and an air conditioning load; the wind power generation system is used as an active power source, so that only active power is sent out, and reactive power needs to be absorbed from a power grid; the synchronous power generation system is used as a power source and has a regulating effect on the voltage and the frequency of the microgrid; the reactive compensation load not only serves as a common load of the alternating-current side bus, but also serves a role of supporting the alternating-current side bus voltage.
Further preferably, the direct current side is connected to the alternating current side through a bidirectional converter VSC, energy flows between alternating current buses and direct current buses by taking the bidirectional AC/DC converter as a bridge when the isolated grid operates, power is automatically balanced, stability of the micro-grid is maintained, and the direct current side bus is connected with a photovoltaic cell module and a bus public load.
Further preferably, the room equivalent thermal parameter model in the step S2 is as follows:
Figure BDA0002959220820000031
in the formula (1), the reaction mixture is,
Figure BDA0002959220820000032
representing the derivative with time, TroomRepresents the indoor temperature, DEG C; t isoutRepresents the outdoor temperature, deg.C; r iseqEquivalent thermal resistance, DEG C/W; cairEquivalent heat capacity of indoor air, J/DEG C; qcolderIs the refrigerating capacity of the air conditioner, W;
considering the parameter characteristics of the user side room, the equivalent thermal resistance ReqCan be expressed as:
Figure BDA0002959220820000033
Figure BDA0002959220820000034
Swindow＝nwindowhwindowwwindow (4)，
Figure BDA0002959220820000035
in the formulas (2) to (5), Rwall is wall surface thermal resistance, DEG C/W; rwindow is the thermal resistance of the window, DEG C/W; lwall,lwindowThe thicknesses of the wall surface and the window, m, respectively; k is a radical ofwall,kwindowThe heat transfer coefficients of the wall and the window are W/m/DEG C; n iswindowThe number of windows; h iswindowIs the window height, m; w is awindowIs the width of the window, m; swindowWindow area, m 2; swallM2, wall area; rp is the roof opening angle, rad;
the room air heat capacity can then be calculated by the following equation:
Cair＝Maircair (6)，
Mair＝ρair(lroomwroomhroom+tan(pr)wroomlroom) (7)，
in the formulae (6) and (7), MairIs the indoor air mass, kg; c. CairThe specific heat capacity of indoor air is J/kg DEG C; rhoairIs sea level atmospheric density, kg/m3；
The control mode of the variable frequency air conditioner compressor is as follows:
Figure BDA0002959220820000041
in the formula (8), Δ Temp is a difference of room temperature from a set temperature, deg.C; speednThe rotating speed of the compressor at a certain moment, rpm;speedmax,speedminrespectively representing the highest and lowest working rotating speeds of the compressor, and rpm depends on the values of the highest and lowest frequencies of the inverter air conditioner compressor; k is a normal number;
the fans of the air conditioning room are graded according to the working modes of the motors, the refrigerating capacity is related to the temperature difference between the room temperature and the air outlet, the air outlet of the air conditioner is positively related to the rotating speed, and the refrigerating capacity Q iscolderCan be defined as:
Qcolder＝Mdotc(Troom-Tcloder) (9)，
in the formula (9), QcolderIs the refrigerating capacity of the air conditioner, W; c is the specific heat capacity of air, J/kg DEG C; t isroom,TcolderThe temperature is room temperature and air outlet temperature, DEG C, and the difference value is about 10 generally; mdotFor positive correlation of the air flow rate, kg/s, with the compressor speed, the following relationship can be established:
Mdot＝Mdot0δ(speed) (10)，
in formula (10), Mdot0Is constant and refers to the air flow rate at 1500 rpm; and delta (speed) is a function related to the rotating speed of the compressor and is obtained by fitting actual conditions.
Further preferably, the power generation control model of the synchronous twin-towed generator in the step S3 includes a speed regulator model, a frequency modulator model and a turbine model;
the speed regulator model adopts an electronic-hydraulic control model, and comprises a prime motor frequency characteristic part and a servo motor part, the electronic-hydraulic speed control mechanism uses an electronic circuit to replace a mechanical part of a low-power part, so that the flexibility is increased for regulation and control, and the steam flow/first-stage pressure feedback and servo motor feedback loops provide improved linearity on a mechanical hydraulic system;
the steam turbine model changes output power through the change of the position of a gas valve, all composite steam turbine systems control steam flow by using a valve controlled by a speed regulator at an inlet of a high-pressure/ultrahigh-pressure turbine, and a steam box, an inlet pipeline, a downstream reheater and a cross pipeline of a steam turbine cylinder generate delay between valve movement and steam flow change, so that the characteristic of the steam turbine can be represented by a first-order inertia link;
when the external load changes, firstly, the primary frequency modulation responds quickly to perform frequency adjustment, after the adjustment is finished, after the grid frequency reaches a rated value, the power output of the steam turbine is kept unchanged, namely, the opening degree of the throttle is kept unchanged, namely, secondary frequency modulation, when the grid frequency is unchanged, the opening degree of the regulating throttle is changed and kept unchanged through a frequency modulator, and the deviation adopts PI control, as shown in the following formula:
Figure BDA0002959220820000051
in formula (11), Δ PcPower deviation adjusted for secondary frequency modulation; kpIs a proportional adjustment coefficient; kIThe integral adjustment coefficient; f. ofrefAnd f are respectively a reference frequency and an actual frequency, which are expressed in a per unit value mode, and the value of the per unit value is close to a per unit system pu of the synchronous angular frequency.
Further preferably, in step S4, considering the load fluctuation of the microgrid, the slope of the synchronous generator prime mover frequency characteristic line can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0002959220820000052
the value is called unit regulating power of a prime motor of the synchronous motor, represents the change of the active power output of the synchronous generator along with the change of the frequency, can be set and is a regulating difference coefficient R of the synchronous generator setpThe reciprocal of (a);
accordingly, the static frequency characteristic of the integrated load can be represented by the following equation:
Figure BDA0002959220820000053
the coefficient is load unit adjusting power and represents the amount of the comprehensive load power consumption change caused by the frequency change in the system;
the input of the generator is electromagnetic power PmAnd an excitation voltage Vf，VfBy setting an excitation reference voltage VrefTo achieve the effect of regulating the excitation, PmGenerated by a speed regulator, which adjusts the deviation of the reference speed from the actual speed to achieve the regulation PmWith reference speed set to 1pu, initial electromagnetic power PoAs the initial value of the integral module of the PI regulator, the initial value can also be input with the actual power of the prime motor and the generator in a delayed mode, and because the synchronous power generation system established by the project is a simple model, the mechanical loss is ignored, namely, the mechanical power is assumed to be equal to PmSo that the rotation speed regulator can play a role of primary frequency modulation.
Further preferably, in step S5, according to the load characteristic of the microgrid, when the inverter air conditioner participates in system frequency modulation, the air conditioning unit may be equivalent to a virtual synchronous generator set, the rotation speed of the compressor of the inverter air conditioner is adjusted in real time according to the difference between the indoor temperature and the set temperature, the air conditioning load has a fast response speed, in this case, the frequency droop characteristic of the inverter air conditioner similar to the frequency modulation unit needs to be simulated first, and then the inverter air conditioner may change the output power by detecting the frequency deviation, for example, when the system frequency decreases, the rotation speed of the compressor is decreased to decrease the load, when the compressor frequency increases, the rotation speed of the compressor is increased to increase the load, and the operation is performed according to the parameter set in the frequency response controller, so that the room temperature is not affected in a short time;
the frequency modulation coefficient determines the frequency modulation performance of the unit, and because the consumed power of the inverter air conditioner is mainly born by the compressor and the output power of the compressor is mainly related to the rotating speed of the compressor, a relational expression between the system frequency deviation and the rotating speed n of the compressor of the air conditioner can be directly established:
Figure BDA0002959220820000061
in the formula (14), ntFor compression of variable-frequency air conditioner at a certain momentThe machine speed, rpm, is determined by equation (8); n ismin、nmaxThe minimum and maximum rotating speed of the compressor, rpm, are determined by the frequency modulation interval of the variable frequency compressor; f. of0The reference frequency of the system, typically 50 Hz; k is a radical ofACThe adjustment coefficient can be adjusted in advance; dz is the frequency modulated dead zone, Hz.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention introduces a specific architecture and a regulation condition of a user side AC/DC micro-grid, firstly establishes a related mathematical model of the micro-grid, then provides a room thermodynamic model, an air conditioner load joint simulation model and a synchronous generator regulation model, designs a regulation strategy of micro-grid dynamic supply and demand balance, and improves the frequency change condition through joint regulation of a synchronous generator and an air conditioner load when the micro-grid has load fluctuation change.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments or technical solutions in the prior art of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a dynamic supply and demand balance regulation method of an AC/DC microgrid according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the overall architecture of a microgrid model of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows the system frequency variation after the micro-grid implements a supply and demand balance regulation strategy according to the present invention;
fig. 4 shows the room temperature and the air conditioner compressor speed variation participating in regulation in the microgrid of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "opening," "upper," "lower," "thickness," "top," "middle," "length," "inner," "peripheral," and the like are used in an orientation or positional relationship that is merely for convenience in describing and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced component or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be considered as limiting the present invention.
A dynamic supply and demand balance regulation and control method for an alternating current-direct current microgrid comprises the following steps:
s1, considering characteristics of the alternating current-direct current microgrid, establishing a microgrid basic model architecture:
the alternating current-direct current hybrid microgrid simulation model is a hybrid simulation model based on a data model and a physical model. The voltage of the alternating-current side bus is 10KV, the combined three-phase switch is connected with a 10KV and 20GW main power grid, and the main power grid is equivalent to an infinite high-power supply. The AC bus is simultaneously connected with a synchronous power generation system, a wind power generation system, an approximate reactive power compensation load, a grounding transformer and other devices. The direct current side bus voltage is 500V, and is connected to the alternating current bus through the VSC bidirectional converter. The photovoltaic power generation system comprises a 200KW photovoltaic power generation system, a 10K omega constant impedance load and a micro-grid system connected through a direct current bus.
The alternating-current side bus is mainly connected with a synchronous power generation system, a wind power generation system, a grounding transformer, a reactive power compensation load, an air conditioner load and the like, the wind power generation system is arranged as an active power source, so that only active power is sent out, reactive power needs to be absorbed from a power grid, the synchronous power generation system is used as the power source and simultaneously has a regulating effect on the voltage and the frequency of the microgrid, and the reactive power compensation load is used as a public load of the alternating-current side bus and simultaneously plays a role in supporting the voltage of the alternating-current side bus.
The direct current side is accessed to the alternating current side through the bidirectional converter VSC, and energy flows between the alternating current bus and the direct current bus by taking the bidirectional AC/DC converter as a bridge when the isolated grid operates, so that the autonomous balance of power is realized, and the stability of the micro-grid is maintained. The direct-current side bus is connected with the photovoltaic cell module and a bus common load.
S2, establishing a room equivalent thermal parameter model and a variable frequency air conditioner combined simulation model according to the parameter characteristics of the user side room:
the most common one in the thermodynamic simulation of a room is a first-order equivalent thermal parameter model, whose expression is as follows:
Figure BDA0002959220820000091
in the formula, TroomRepresents the indoor temperature, DEG C; t isoutRepresents the outdoor temperature, deg.C; reqEquivalent thermal resistance, DEG C/W; cairEquivalent heat capacity of indoor air, J/DEG C; qcolderIs the air conditioning cooling capacity, W.
Suppose a room has n in commonwindowFace windows, and each window is high hwindowWidth wwindowRectangular, the window area S of the air-conditioned roomwindowThe wall surface area SwallCan be obtained by the following formula:
Swindow＝nwindowhwindowwwindow
Figure BDA0002959220820000092
the wall thermal resistance, window thermal resistance, and equivalent thermal resistance can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0002959220820000093
Figure BDA0002959220820000094
in the formula Iwall,lwindowThe thicknesses of the wall surface and the window, m, respectively; k is a radical ofwall,kwindowThe heat transfer coefficients of the wall and the window are W/m/DEG C.
The room air heat capacity can then be calculated by the following equation:
Cair＝Maircair
Mair＝ρair(lroomwroomhroom+tan(pr)wroomlroom)
in the formula, MairIs the indoor air mass, kg; c. CairThe specific heat capacity of indoor air is J/kg DEG C; rhoairIs sea level atmospheric density, kg/m3。
The control mode of the variable frequency air conditioner compressor is as follows:
Figure BDA0002959220820000095
wherein, the delta Temp is the difference value of the room temperature from the set temperature; speednThe rotating speed of the compressor at a certain moment; speedmax,speedminRespectively representing the highest and lowest working rotating speeds of the compressor, and depending on the values of the highest and lowest frequencies of the compressor of the inverter air conditioner; k is a normal number.
The fans of the air conditioning room are graded according to the working modes of the motors, the refrigerating capacity is related to the temperature difference between the room temperature and the air outlet, the air outlet of the air conditioner is positively related to the rotating speed, and the refrigerating capacity Q iscolderCan be defined as:
Qcolder＝Mdotc(Troom-Tcloder)
in the formula, QcolderIs the refrigerating capacity of the air conditioner, W; c is the specific heat capacity of air, J/kg DEG C; t is a unit ofroom,TcolderThe temperature is room temperature and air outlet temperature (DEG C-273.14), and the difference value is about 10 generally; mdotFor positive correlation of the air flow rate, kg/s, with the compressor speed, the following relationship can be established:
Mdot＝Mdot0δ(speed)
wherein M isdot0Is constant and refers to the air flow rate at 1500 rpm; delta (speed) is a function related to the rotating speed of the compressor and is obtained by fitting actual conditions
S3, after the room model of the user side is accessed, a power generation control model of the synchronous twin-towed generator is designed:
the synchronous twin-drag generator model can be mainly divided into a speed regulator, a frequency modulator and a steam turbine model. The speed regulator model adopts an electro-hydraulic control model, and comprises a prime motor frequency characteristic part and a servo motor part. The electro-hydraulic speed control mechanism provides increased flexibility for regulation by using electronic circuitry instead of mechanical components in the low power section, and the steam flow (or first stage pressure) feedback and servo motor feedback loops provide improved linearity on the mechanical hydraulic system.
Steam turbines vary the power output by changing the position of a gas valve, and all complex steam turbine systems use governor-controlled valves at the inlet of a high (or extra high) pressure turbine to control the steam flow. The steam box, inlet piping, downstream reheater and crossover piping in the turbine cylinder all create a delay between valve movement and steam flow changes, and therefore can be characterized by a first-order inertia element.
When the external load changes, the primary frequency modulation quickly responds to the change of the frequency, and after the adjustment is finished and the frequency of the power grid reaches a rated value, the power output of the steam turbine is kept unchanged, namely the opening of the throttle is kept unchanged, namely the secondary frequency modulation is carried out. The secondary frequency modulation is that when the frequency of the power grid is not changed, the opening of the regulating valve is changed and kept unchanged through a frequency modulator, and the deviation adopts PI control, as shown in the following formula:
Figure BDA0002959220820000111
in the formula, KpIs a proportional adjustment coefficient; k isIThe integral adjustment coefficient; f. ofrefAnd f are respectively a reference frequency and an actual frequency, which are expressed in the form of per-unit values, and the values of the per-unit values are close to the synchronous angular frequency scaling.
S4, considering the load fluctuation of the microgrid, designing a synchronous generator to participate in a supply and demand balance frequency regulation strategy of the alternating current-direct current microgrid:
the slope of the synchronous generator prime mover frequency characteristic line can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0002959220820000112
the value is called unit regulating power of a prime motor of the synchronous motor, represents the change of the active power output of the synchronous generator along with the change of the frequency, can be set and is a regulating difference coefficient R of the synchronous generator setpThe reciprocal of (c).
Accordingly, the static frequency characteristic of the integrated load can be represented by the following equation:
Figure BDA0002959220820000113
the coefficient is a load unit regulation power (also called a static coefficient) and represents how much the load power consumption changes due to the change of the frequency in the system.
The input of the generator is electromagnetic power PmAnd an excitation voltage Vf。VfBy setting an excitation reference voltage VrefTo achieve the effect of regulating the excitation. PmGenerated by a speed regulator, which adjusts the deviation of the reference speed from the actual speed to achieve the regulation PmThe reference rotational speed is set to 1 pu. Initial electromagnetic power PoAs PIThe initial value of the integral module of the regulator can also be input into the actual power of the prime motor and the generator in a delayed mode. As the synchronous power generation system established by the project is a simple model, the mechanical loss is ignored, namely, the mechanical power is assumed to be equal to PmSo that the speed regulator can play the role of primary frequency modulation.
S5, designing a micro-grid supply and demand regulation strategy participated by the air-conditioning room joint simulation model according to the load characteristics of the micro-grid:
when the variable frequency air conditioner participates in system frequency modulation, the air conditioning unit can be equivalent to a virtual synchronous generator set. The rotating speed of the compressor of the variable frequency air conditioner is adjusted in real time according to the difference between the indoor temperature and the set temperature, and the air conditioner load has high response speed. Under the condition, firstly, the frequency droop characteristic of the inverter air conditioner similar to a frequency modulation unit needs to be simulated, then the inverter air conditioner can change the output power by detecting the frequency deviation, for example, when the system frequency is reduced, the rotating speed of the compressor is reduced to reduce the load, when the frequency of the compressor is increased, the rotating speed of the compressor is increased to increase the load, the operation is carried out according to the parameters which are set in the frequency response controller, and the room temperature is not influenced in a short time.
The frequency modulation coefficient determines the frequency modulation performance of the unit, and because the consumed power of the inverter air conditioner is mainly born by the compressor and the output power of the compressor is mainly related to the rotating speed of the compressor, a relational expression between the system frequency deviation and the rotating speed n of the compressor of the air conditioner can be directly established:
Figure BDA0002959220820000121
wherein n istThe rotating speed of a compressor of the variable frequency air conditioner at a certain moment, namely rpm; n ismin、nmaxThe minimum and maximum rotating speed of the compressor, rpm, are determined by the frequency modulation interval of the variable frequency compressor; f. of0The reference frequency of the system, typically 50 Hz; k is a radical ofACThe adjustment coefficient can be adjusted in advance; dz is the frequency modulated dead zone, Hz.
The invention relies on the AC/DC microgrid shown in figure 2 for verification, and as shown in figure 3, the system frequency change is compared after 50s when all the units, half the units and no inorganic unit participate in frequency modulation, when the system frequency exceeds a frequency modulation dead zone, the air conditioner is matched with the synchronous generator to rapidly act, and the frequency is restrained from further deviating from a set value until the frequency returns to the dead zone. And as shown in fig. 4, the influence on the room temperature during the conditioning period is small. Table 1 shows the frequency response of the microgrid when the load suddenly fluctuates, and it can be seen that when the air-conditioning coordination and control ratio is higher, the frequency is dropped, the frequency change can be more effectively suppressed, so that the system frequency tends to be more stable, and the effectiveness of the present invention is fully demonstrated.
TABLE 1 lowest frequency value of air conditioner load matching frequency modulation
Figure BDA0002959220820000131
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims (1)

1. A dynamic supply and demand balance regulation and control method for an alternating current-direct current microgrid is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, establishing a micro-grid basic model architecture by considering the characteristics of the AC/DC micro-grid;
step S2, establishing a room equivalent thermal parameter model and a variable frequency air conditioner combined simulation model according to the parameter characteristics of the room at the user side;
step S3, after a user side room model is accessed, a power generation control model of the synchronous twin-towed generator is designed;
step S4, considering the load fluctuation of the microgrid, designing a synchronous generator to participate in a supply and demand balance frequency regulation strategy of the alternating current-direct current microgrid;
step S5, designing a micro-grid supply and demand regulation strategy participated by the air-conditioning room joint simulation model according to the load characteristics of the micro-grid;
the microgrid basic model in the step S1 is a hybrid simulation model based on a data model and a physical model, the voltage of a bus at the alternating current side of the microgrid basic model is 10KV, a three-phase switch is combined to be connected to a main power grid of 10KV and 20GW, the main power grid is equivalent to an infinite high-power supply, the voltage of a bus at the direct current side of the microgrid basic model is 500V, and the microgrid basic model is connected to the alternating current bus through a VSC bidirectional converter;
the microgrid base model further comprises a 200KW photovoltaic power generation system and a 10K omega constant impedance load, and the 200KW photovoltaic power generation system and the 10K omega constant impedance load are connected to the microgrid system through a direct current bus;
the alternating-current side bus is connected with a synchronous power generation system, a wind power generation system, a grounding transformer, a reactive compensation load and an air conditioning load; the wind power generation system is used as an active power source, so that only active power is generated, and reactive power is required to be absorbed from a power grid; the synchronous power generation system is used as a power source and has a regulating effect on the voltage and the frequency of the microgrid; the reactive compensation load is used as a public load of the alternating-current side bus and also used as a role of supporting the voltage of the alternating-current side bus;
the direct current side is connected to the alternating current side through a bidirectional converter VSC, energy flows between alternating current buses and direct current buses by taking the bidirectional AC/DC converter as a bridge when the isolated grid operates, autonomous balance of power is achieved, stability of the micro-grid is maintained, and the direct current side bus is connected with a photovoltaic cell module and a bus common load;
the step S2 further includes the following air-conditioning room joint simulation model:
Figure FDA0003621411800000021
in the formula (1), the reaction mixture is,
Figure FDA0003621411800000022
representing the derivative with time, TroomRepresents the indoor temperature, DEG C; t isoutWhich is indicative of the outdoor temperature of the room,℃；Reqequivalent thermal resistance, DEG C/W; cairEquivalent heat capacity of indoor air, J/DEG C; qcolderIs the refrigerating capacity of the air conditioner, W;
considering the parameter characteristics of the user side room, equivalent thermal resistance ReqCan be expressed as:
Figure FDA0003621411800000023
Figure FDA0003621411800000024
Swindow＝nwindowhwindowwwindow (4)，
Figure FDA0003621411800000025
in the formulas (2) to (5), Rwall is wall surface thermal resistance, DEG C/W; rwindow is the thermal resistance of the window, DEG C/W; lwall,lwindowThe thicknesses of the wall surface and the window, m, respectively; k is a radical ofwall,kwindowThe heat transfer coefficients of the wall and the window are W/m/DEG C; n iswindowThe number of windows; h iswindowIs the window height, m; w is awindowIs the width of the window, m; swindowWindow area, m 2; s. thewallM2, wall area; rp is the roof opening angle, rad;
the room air heat capacity can then be calculated by the following equation:
Cair＝Maircair (6)，
Mair＝ρair(lroomwroomhroom+tan(pr)wroomlroom) (7)，
in the formulae (6) and (7), MairIs the indoor air mass, kg; c. CairThe specific heat capacity of indoor air is J/kg DEG C; rhoairIs sea level atmospheric density, kg/m3；
The control mode of the variable frequency air conditioner compressor is as follows:
Figure FDA0003621411800000031
in the formula (8), Δ Temp is a difference of room temperature from a set temperature, deg.C; speednThe rotating speed of the compressor at a certain moment, rpm; speedmax,speedminRespectively representing the highest and lowest working rotating speeds of the compressor, and rpm depends on the values of the highest and lowest frequencies of the inverter air conditioner compressor; k is a normal number;
the fans of the air conditioning room are graded according to the working modes of the motors, the refrigerating capacity is related to the temperature difference between the room temperature and the air outlet, the air outlet of the air conditioner is positively related to the rotating speed, and the refrigerating capacity Q iscolderCan be defined as:
Qcolder＝Mdotc(Troom-Tcloder) (9)，
in formula (9), QcolderIs the refrigerating capacity of the air conditioner, W; c is the specific heat capacity of air, J/kg DEG C; t isroom,TcolderThe temperature of the room temperature and the temperature of the air outlet are respectively, the difference value is about 10; mdotFor positive correlation of the air flow rate, kg/s, with the compressor speed, the following relationship can be established:
Mdot＝Mdot0δ(speed) (10)，
in formula (10), Mdot0Is a constant, refers to the air flow rate at 1500 rpm; delta (speed) is a function related to the rotating speed of the compressor and is obtained by fitting actual conditions;
the power generation control model of the synchronous twin-towed generator in the step S3 comprises a speed regulator model, a frequency modulator model and a turbine model;
the speed regulator model adopts an electronic-hydraulic control model, and comprises a prime motor frequency characteristic part and a servo motor part, the electronic-hydraulic speed control mechanism uses an electronic circuit to replace a mechanical part of a low-power part, so that the flexibility is increased for regulation and control, and the steam flow/first-stage pressure feedback and servo motor feedback loops provide improved linearity on a mechanical hydraulic system;
the steam turbine model changes output power through the change of the position of a gas valve, all composite steam turbine systems control steam flow by using a valve controlled by a speed regulator at an inlet of a high-pressure/ultrahigh-pressure turbine, and a steam box, an inlet pipeline, a downstream reheater and a cross pipeline of a steam turbine cylinder generate delay between valve movement and steam flow change, so that the characteristic of the steam turbine can be represented by a first-order inertia link;
when the external load changes, firstly, the primary frequency modulation responds quickly to perform frequency adjustment, after the adjustment is finished, after the grid frequency reaches a rated value, the power output of the steam turbine is kept unchanged, namely, the opening degree of the throttle is kept unchanged, namely, secondary frequency modulation, when the grid frequency is unchanged, the opening degree of the regulating throttle is changed and kept unchanged through a frequency modulator, and the deviation adopts PI control, as shown in the following formula:
Figure FDA0003621411800000041
in formula (11), Δ PcA power offset adjusted for secondary frequency modulation; kpIs a proportional adjustment coefficient; kIAdjusting the coefficient for integral; f. ofrefF is a reference frequency and an actual frequency respectively, which are expressed in a per unit value mode, and the value of the per unit value is close to a per unit system (pu) of the synchronous angular frequency;
in step S4, taking into account the load fluctuation of the microgrid, the slope of the synchronous generator prime mover frequency characteristic straight line can be expressed as:
Figure FDA0003621411800000042
the value is called unit regulating power of prime motor of synchronous motor, and represents the change of active power output of synchronous generator with frequency change, and can be set for synchronous power generationDifference adjustment coefficient R of unitpThe reciprocal of (a);
accordingly, the static frequency characteristic of the integrated load can be represented by the following equation:
Figure FDA0003621411800000043
the coefficient is load unit adjusting power and represents the amount of the comprehensive load power consumption change caused by the frequency change in the system;
the input of the generator is electromagnetic power PmAnd an excitation voltage Vf，VfBy setting an excitation reference voltage VrefTo achieve the effect of regulating the excitation, PmGenerated by a speed regulator, which adjusts the deviation of the reference speed from the actual speed to achieve the regulation PmWith reference speed set to 1pu, initial electromagnetic power PoAs the initial value of the integral module of the PI regulator, the initial value can also be input with the actual power of the prime motor and the generator in a delayed mode, and because the synchronous power generation system established by the project is a simple model, the mechanical loss is ignored, namely, the mechanical power is assumed to be equal to PmSo that the rotation speed regulator can play a role of primary frequency modulation;
according to the load characteristic of the microgrid in the step S5, when the inverter air conditioner participates in system frequency modulation, the air conditioner unit can be equivalent to a virtual synchronous generator set, the rotating speed of a compressor of the inverter air conditioner is adjusted in real time according to the difference between the indoor temperature and the set temperature, the air conditioner load has a fast response speed, under the condition, the frequency droop characteristic similar to the frequency modulation unit of the inverter air conditioner needs to be simulated firstly, then the inverter air conditioner can change the output power by detecting the frequency deviation, when the system frequency is reduced, the rotating speed of the compressor is reduced to reduce the load, when the frequency of the compressor is increased, the rotating speed of the compressor is increased to increase the load, the operation is carried out according to the set parameters integrated in the frequency response controller, and the room temperature is not influenced in a short time;
the frequency modulation coefficient determines the frequency modulation performance of the unit, and because the consumed power of the inverter air conditioner is mainly born by the compressor and the output power of the compressor is mainly related to the rotating speed of the compressor, a relational expression between the system frequency deviation and the rotating speed n of the compressor of the air conditioner can be directly established:
Figure FDA0003621411800000051
in the formula (14), ntThe rotating speed of a compressor of the variable frequency air conditioner at a certain moment, namely rpm; n ismin、nmaxThe minimum and maximum rotating speed of the compressor, rpm, are determined by the frequency modulation interval of the variable frequency compressor; f. of0Is the reference frequency of the system, which is 50 Hz; k is a radical ofACThe adjustment coefficient can be set in advance; dz is the frequency modulated dead zone, Hz.
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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110401187A (en) * 2019-07-17 2019-11-01 北京交通大学 Temperature control load layering aggregation control method towards intelligent building
CN112103948A (en) * 2020-08-25 2020-12-18 广东电网有限责任公司广州供电局 Control method for load virtual synchronous motor of variable frequency air conditioner

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110401187A (en) * 2019-07-17 2019-11-01 北京交通大学 Temperature control load layering aggregation control method towards intelligent building
CN112103948A (en) * 2020-08-25 2020-12-18 广东电网有限责任公司广州供电局 Control method for load virtual synchronous motor of variable frequency air conditioner

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