CN113013379A - Negative pole piece, preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery - Google Patents

Negative pole piece, preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113013379A
CN113013379A CN202110248572.1A CN202110248572A CN113013379A CN 113013379 A CN113013379 A CN 113013379A CN 202110248572 A CN202110248572 A CN 202110248572A CN 113013379 A CN113013379 A CN 113013379A
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active material
conductive agent
negative electrode
material layer
dimensional
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秦春阳
吕豪杰
齐士博
吴光麟
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Kunshan Bao Innovative Energy Technology Co Ltd
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Kunshan Bao Innovative Energy Technology Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/133Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/1391Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/1393Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/583Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • H01M4/587Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/624Electric conductive fillers
    • H01M4/625Carbon or graphite
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Abstract

The application provides a negative pole piece and a preparation method thereof, and a lithium ion battery, and belongs to the technical field of batteries, wherein the negative pole piece comprises a negative pole current collector, a first negative pole active material layer and a second negative pole active material layer, at least part of the surface of the negative pole current collector is coated by the first negative pole active material layer, and at least part of the surface of the first negative pole active material layer is coated by the second negative pole active material layer. The first negative electrode active material layer includes a first negative electrode active material, a first conductive agent, and a first binder. The second negative electrode active material layer includes a second negative electrode active material, a second conductive agent, and a second binder. The first negative active material is a silicon-based material or a tin-based material, and the second negative active material is amorphous carbon. The negative pole piece has a unique composite active material layer structure, and the quick charge and discharge capacity of the lithium ion battery made of the negative pole piece under a low-temperature scene can be improved.

Description

Negative pole piece, preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a negative pole piece, a preparation method of the negative pole piece and a lithium ion battery.
Background
As a chemical energy storage medium for popular research, the lithium ion battery is widely applied to the fields of new energy such as electronic consumer products, E-bike, EV and the like due to the characteristics of low self-discharge rate, good cycle performance and the like. With the rapid application of lithium ion batteries in the field of new energy vehicles, improvement of mileage anxiety and rapid charging become urgent requirements of the new energy vehicle industry for lithium ion batteries, and lithium ion batteries with high energy density and rapid charging mode gradually become a research hotspot and a focus in the field of new energy.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a negative pole piece, a preparation method thereof and a lithium ion battery, which can realize rapid charge and discharge.
The embodiment of the application is realized as follows:
in a first aspect, the present examples provide a negative electrode tab comprising a negative electrode current collector, a first negative active material layer, and a second negative active material layer, at least a portion of a surface of the negative electrode current collector being coated with the first negative active material layer, at least a portion of a surface of the first negative active material layer being coated with the second negative active material layer.
The first negative electrode active material layer includes a first negative electrode active material, a first conductive agent, and a first binder.
The second negative electrode active material layer includes a second negative electrode active material, a second conductive agent, and a second binder.
The first negative active material is a silicon-based material or a tin-based material, and the second negative active material is amorphous carbon.
In the technical scheme, the negative pole piece has a unique composite active material layer structure, and the negative active material is a high-specific-energy active material, so that the lithium ion battery made of the negative pole piece has the characteristic of high energy density. The second negative active material layer made of amorphous carbon can rapidly accept lithium ions in a large-current charging scene, so that the risk of precipitation of lithium metal is avoided. Simultaneously, the buffer layer when soft second negative pole active material layer can regard as the inflation of first negative pole active material layer, thereby the second negative pole active material layer can absorb the destructive action of first negative pole active material layer expansibility reduction inflation to the negative pole piece, and then improves the long cyclicity ability of negative pole piece, promotes battery cycle life. Moreover, the amorphous carbon has the characteristic of strong isotropy, and the quick charge and discharge capacity of the lithium ion battery made of the negative pole piece in a low-temperature scene can be improved.
In a first possible example of the first aspect of the present application in combination with the first aspect, the amorphous carbon includes any one or more of soft carbon, hard carbon, and mesocarbon microbeads.
Optionally, the soft carbon has a gram volume of 200 to 320mAh/g and an average particle size of 1 to 10 μm.
Optionally, the hard carbon has a gram volume of 320 to 450mAh/g and an average particle size of 1 to 10 μm.
Optionally, the gram volume of the mesocarbon microbeads is 300-400 mAh/g, and the average particle size is 1-10 μm.
With reference to the first aspect, in a second possible example of the first aspect of the present application, the silicon-based material includes a Si — C alloy material and/or a silicon monoxide, and the silicon-based material has a gram volume of 380 to 1800mAh/g and an average particle diameter of 1 to 16 μm.
The tin-based material comprises a mixture of tin dioxide and graphite, and the gram volume of the tin-based material is 380-1800 mAh/g.
With reference to the first aspect, in a third possible example of the first aspect of the present application, the first conductive agent and/or the second conductive agent include a one-dimensional conductive agent and a two-dimensional conductive agent, and a mass ratio of the one-dimensional conductive agent to the two-dimensional conductive agent is 1-2.5: 1.
Optionally, the one-dimensional conductive agent includes any one or more of Super P, KS-6, SFG, and Ketjen black.
Optionally, the two-dimensional conductive agent comprises VGCF and/or CNTs.
In the above example, the negative electrode plate of the present application employs one-dimensional and two-dimensional structural conductive agents for compounding to build a "two-dimensional" conductive network of the negative electrode plate, which can provide a gain effect for the rate capability and long cycle life of the lithium ion battery.
In a fourth possible example of the first aspect of the present application in combination with the first aspect, the first binder includes any one or more of styrene-butadiene rubber, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylonitrile, polymethacrylic acid, polyacrylate, and sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
The second binder comprises one or more of polyvinylidene fluoride, polymethyl methacrylate, styrene butadiene rubber, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylonitrile, polymethacrylic acid, polyacrylate and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing a negative electrode plate, including:
coating the first negative electrode slurry on the surface of the negative electrode current collector, coating the second negative electrode slurry on the surface of the first negative electrode slurry, and drying.
The first negative electrode slurry is prepared by mixing a first negative electrode active material, a first conductive agent, a first binder and a first solvent, and the second negative electrode slurry is prepared by mixing a second negative electrode active material, a second conductive agent, a second binder and a second solvent.
In the technical scheme, the preparation method of the negative pole piece is simple and convenient, and the prepared negative pole piece is stable in performance.
In a first possible example of the second aspect of the present application in combination with the second aspect, the first negative electrode slurry is prepared by mixing 46.6 to 53.9 wt% of a first negative electrode active material, 0.6 to 5.6 wt% of a first conductive agent, 2 to 3.3 wt% of a first binder, and 37.2 to 50.8 wt% of a first solvent;
the second negative electrode slurry is prepared by mixing 40-60 wt% of a second negative electrode active material, 0.5-6 wt% of a second conductive agent, 2-4 wt% of a second binder and 30-57.5 wt% of a second solvent.
In a third aspect, the present application provides a lithium ion battery, which includes a positive electrode plate, a separator, an electrolyte, and the negative electrode plate.
In the technical scheme, the lithium ion battery has the characteristics of high energy density and rapid charge and discharge performance.
With reference to the third aspect, in a first possible example of the third aspect of the present application, the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer, and at least a part of a surface of the positive electrode current collector is covered by the positive electrode active material layer.
The positive electrode active material layer includes a positive electrode active material, a third conductive agent, and a third binder;
the positive active material is a nickel-cobalt-aluminum or nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary material, the gram capacity of the positive active material is 180-220 mAh/g, and the average particle size is 2-10 mu m.
In the above examples, the positive electrode active material of the lithium ion battery of the present application is a high specific energy active material, so that the lithium ion battery has a characteristic of high energy density.
With reference to the third aspect, in a second possible example of the third aspect of the present application, the third conductive agent includes a one-dimensional conductive agent, a two-dimensional conductive agent, and a three-dimensional conductive agent, a mass ratio of the one-dimensional conductive agent to the two-dimensional conductive agent is 1-2.5: 1, and a mass ratio of the two-dimensional conductive agent to the three-dimensional conductive agent is 1-2: 1.
Optionally, the one-dimensional conductive agent includes any one or more of Super P, KS-6, SFG, and Ketjen black.
Optionally, the two-dimensional conductive agent comprises VGCF and/or CNTs.
Optionally, the three-dimensional conductive agent comprises graphene.
In the above example, the positive active material of the lithium ion battery of the present application is compounded with a one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional structural conductive agent to build a "three-dimensional" conductive network of the positive electrode plate, which can provide a gain effect for the rate capability and long cycle life of the lithium ion battery.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from the drawings without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a negative pole piece of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of cycle test data of the experimental examples of the present application.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that the following examples are only illustrative of the present application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present application. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The following description specifically describes a negative electrode plate, a preparation method thereof, and a lithium ion battery according to an embodiment of the present application:
referring to fig. 1, the present application provides a negative electrode plate 10, which includes: the negative electrode current collector includes a negative electrode current collector 100, a first negative electrode active material layer 200, and a second negative electrode active material layer 300, at least a part of a surface of the negative electrode current collector 100 is coated with the first negative electrode active material layer 200, and at least a part of a surface of the first negative electrode active material layer 200 is coated with the second negative electrode active material layer 300.
Wherein the first anode active material layer 200 includes a first anode active material, a first conductive agent, and a first binder.
The second anode active material layer 300 includes a second anode active material, a second conductive agent, and a second binder.
The first negative active material is a silicon-based material or a tin-based material.
The silicon-based material or the tin-based material is an active material with high specific energy, so that the lithium ion battery manufactured by the negative pole piece 10 has the characteristic of high energy density.
Optionally, the silicon-based material comprises a Si-C alloy material and/or a siliconoxide.
Optionally, the gram capacity of the silicon-based material is 380-1800 mAh/g, and the average particle size is 1-16 μm.
In one embodiment of the present application, the silicon-based material has a gram capacity of 450mAh/g and an average particle size of 5 μm. In some other embodiments of the present application, the silicon-based material has a gram capacity of 380mAh/g, 400mAh/g, 480mAh/g, 500mAh/g, 600mAh/g, 700mAh/g, 800mAh/g, 900mAh/g, 1000mAh/g, 1100mAh/g, 1200mAh/g, 1300mAh/g, 1400mAh/g, 1500mAh/g, 1600mAh/g, 1700mAh/g, or 1800mAh/g, and an average particle size of 1 μm, 2 μm, 4 μm, 6 μm, 8 μm, 10 μm, 12 μm, 14 μm, or 16 μm.
Optionally, the tin-based material comprises a blend of tin dioxide and graphite.
Optionally, the gram capacity of the tin-based material is 380-1800 mAh/g.
In one embodiment of the present application, the gram capacity of the silicon-based material is 500 mAh/g. In some other embodiments of the present application, the silicon-based material has a gram capacity of 380mAh/g, 400mAh/g, 480mAh/g, 500mAh/g, 600mAh/g, 700mAh/g, 800mAh/g, 900mAh/g, 1000mAh/g, 1100mAh/g, 1200mAh/g, 1300mAh/g, 1400mAh/g, 1500mAh/g, 1600mAh/g, 1700mAh/g, or 1800 mAh/g.
The second anode active material is amorphous carbon.
The second anode active material layer 300 made of amorphous carbon can rapidly receive lithium ions in a large current charging scene, thereby preventing the risk of precipitation of lithium metal. Meanwhile, the soft second negative electrode active material layer 300 can be used as a buffer layer when the first negative electrode active material layer 200 expands, and the second negative electrode active material layer 300 can absorb the expansive force of the first negative electrode active material layer 200, so that the destructive effect of the expansion on the negative electrode plate 10 is reduced, and the long cycle performance of the negative electrode plate 10 is further improved. Particularly, when the first negative electrode active material is a silicon-based material, the effect of the absorption expansion force of the second negative electrode active material layer 300 is more significant. Moreover, the amorphous carbon has a strong isotropic characteristic, and the rapid charge and discharge capacity of the lithium ion battery manufactured by the negative electrode plate 10 in a low-temperature scene can be improved.
Optionally, the amorphous carbon comprises any one or more of soft carbon, hard carbon, and mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB).
In one embodiment of the present application, the amorphous carbon is mesocarbon microbeads. In some other embodiments herein, the amorphous carbon is soft carbon or hard carbon, or a mixture of soft carbon and mesocarbon microbeads, or a mixture of hard carbon and mesocarbon microbeads, or a mixture of soft carbon, hard carbon, and mesocarbon microbeads.
Optionally, the soft carbon has a gram volume of 200 to 320mAh/g and an average particle size of 1 to 10 μm.
In one embodiment of the present application, the soft carbon has a gram capacity of 250mAh/g and an average particle size of 5 μm. In some other embodiments of the present application, the soft carbon has a gram capacity of 200mAh/g, 220mAh/g, 240mAh/g, 260mAh/g, 280mAh/g, 300mAh/g, or 320mAh/g, and an average particle size of 1 μm, 2 μm, 3 μm, 4 μm, 6 μm, 7 μm, 8 μm, 9 μm, or 10 μm.
Optionally, the hard carbon has a gram volume of 320 to 450mAh/g and an average particle size of 1 to 10 μm.
In one embodiment of the present application, the hard carbon has a gram capacity of 400mAh/g and an average particle size of 5 μm. In some other embodiments of the present application, the hard carbon has a gram capacity of 320mAh/g, 340mAh/g, 360mAh/g, 380mAh/g, 400mAh/g, 420mAh/g, or 450mAh/g, and an average particle size of 1 μm, 2 μm, 3 μm, 4 μm, 6 μm, 7 μm, 8 μm, 9 μm, or 10 μm.
Optionally, the gram volume of the mesocarbon microbeads is 300-400 mAh/g, and the average particle size is 1-10 μm.
In one embodiment of the present application, the mesocarbon microbeads have a gram volume of 340mAh/g and an average particle size of 5 μm. In some other embodiments of the present application, the mesocarbon microbeads have a gram volume of 300mAh/g, 320mAh/g, 360mAh/g, 380mAh/g, or 400mAh/g and an average particle size of 1 μm, 2 μm, 3 μm, 4 μm, 6 μm, 7 μm, 8 μm, 9 μm, or 10 μm.
The first conductive agent and/or the second conductive agent include a one-dimensional conductive agent and a two-dimensional conductive agent.
At least one conductive agent in the first conductive agent and the second conductive agent of the negative pole piece 10 is compounded by adopting a one-dimensional and two-dimensional structure conductive agent so as to build a two-dimensional conductive network of the negative pole piece 10, and the gain effect can be provided for the rate capability and the long cycle life of the lithium ion battery.
It should be noted that, when any one of the first conductive agent and the second conductive agent is compounded by using a one-dimensional or two-dimensional structure conductive agent, the other conductive agent may be selected from the existing commonly used conductive agents, or may be compounded by selecting a one-dimensional or two-dimensional structure conductive agent.
Optionally, the first conductive agent and the second conductive agent each include a one-dimensional conductive agent and a two-dimensional conductive agent.
The mass ratio of the one-dimensional conductive agent to the two-dimensional conductive agent in the first conductive agent and/or the second conductive agent is 1-2.5: 1.
In one embodiment of the present application, the mass ratio of the one-dimensional conductive agent to the two-dimensional conductive agent in the first conductive agent and/or the second conductive agent is 2: 1. In some other embodiments of the present application, the mass ratio of the one-dimensional conductive agent to the two-dimensional conductive agent in the first conductive agent and/or the second conductive agent is 1:1, 1.2:1, 1.5:1, 1.7:1, 2.3:1, or 2.5: 1.
Wherein the one-dimensional conductive agent comprises any one or more of Super P, KS-6, SFG and Ketjen black.
In one embodiment of the present application, the one-dimensional conductive agent is Super P. In other embodiments of the present application, the one-dimensional conductive agent is KS-6, SFG or Ketjen black, or a mixture of Super P and KS-6, or a mixture of KS-6, SFG and Ketjen black, or a mixture of Super P and Ketjen black.
The two-dimensional conductive agent includes VGCF and/or CNTs.
In one embodiment of the present application, the two-dimensional conductive agent is CNTs. In some other embodiments of the present application, the two-dimensional conductive agent is VGCF, or a mixture of VGCF and CNTs.
The first binder includes any one or more of Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR), polyacrylic acid (PAA), polyacrylonitrile, polymethacrylic acid, polyacrylate, and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC).
The second binder comprises any one or more of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), styrene butadiene rubber, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylonitrile, polymethacrylic acid, polyacrylate and sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
The first negative electrode active material layer 200 has an areal density of 60 to 200g/m2The compaction density is 1.25-1.65 g/cm3
In one embodiment of the present application, the first anode active material layer 200 has an areal density of 100g/m2The compacted density is 1.5g/cm3. In some other embodiments of the present application, the first negative electrode active material layer 200 has an areal density of 60g/m2、70g/m2、80g/m2、90g/m2、100g/m2、110g/m2、120g/m2、130g/m2、140g/m2、150g/m2、160g/m2、170g/m2、180g/m2Or 190g/m2The compacted density is 1.25g/cm3、1.3g/cm3、1.35g/cm3、1.4g/cm3、1.45g/cm3、1.55g/cm3、1.6g/cm3Or 1.65g/cm3
The second negative electrode active material has an areal density of 15 to 80g/m2The compaction density is 0.6-1.25 g/cm3
In one embodiment of the present application, the second anode active material layer 300 has an areal density of 50g/m2Compacted density of 1g/cm3. In other embodiments of the present application, the second negative electrode active material layer 300 has an areal density of 15g/m2、20g/m2、25g/m2、30g/m2、35g/m2、40g/m2、45g/m2、55g/m2、60g/m2、65g/m2、70g/m2、75g/m2Or 80g/m2The compacted density is 0.6g/cm3、0.7g/cm3、0.8g/cm3、0.9g/cm3、1.1g/cm3、1.2g/cm3Or 1.25g/cm3
The application provides a preparation method of a negative pole piece, which comprises the following steps:
coating the first negative electrode slurry on the surface of the negative electrode current collector, coating the second negative electrode slurry on the surface of the first negative electrode slurry, and drying.
The preparation method of the negative pole piece is simple and convenient, and the prepared negative pole piece is stable in performance.
The first negative electrode slurry is prepared by mixing a first negative electrode active material, a first conductive agent, a first binder and a first solvent, and the second negative electrode slurry is prepared by mixing a second negative electrode active material, a second conductive agent, a second binder and a second solvent.
In the first negative electrode slurry of the present application, in addition to the first negative electrode active material, the first conductive agent, the first binder, and the first solvent, other additives such as a functional assistant and the like may be included. Similarly, the second negative electrode slurry of the present application may contain other additives in addition to the second negative electrode active material, the second conductive agent, the second binder, and the second solvent.
Optionally, the first solvent comprises water.
Optionally, the second solvent comprises any one or more of N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), Dimethylacetamide (DMAC), Dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), acetone, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, and trichloroethane.
The coating method of the first negative electrode slurry and the second negative electrode slurry in the preparation method of the negative electrode plate comprises any one or more of spraying, spot coating, extrusion coating and gravure coating.
Optionally, the first negative electrode slurry is prepared by mixing 46.6-53.9 wt% of a first negative electrode active material, 0.6-5.6 wt% of a first conductive agent, 2-3.3 wt% of a first binder and 37.2-50.8 wt% of a first solvent.
Optionally, the second negative electrode slurry is prepared by mixing 40-60 wt% of a second negative electrode active material, 0.5-6 wt% of a second conductive agent, 2-4 wt% of a second binder and 30-57.5 wt% of a second solvent.
The application also provides a lithium ion battery, which comprises a positive pole piece, a diaphragm, electrolyte and the negative pole piece.
The lithium ion battery has the characteristics of high energy density and the performance of quick charge and discharge.
The positive pole piece comprises a positive pole current collector and a positive pole active material layer, and at least part of the surface of the positive pole current collector is coated by the positive pole active material layer.
The positive electrode active material layer includes a positive electrode active material, a third conductive agent, and a third binder.
The positive active material is nickel-cobalt-aluminum or nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary material.
The nickel-cobalt-aluminum or nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary material is a high-specific-energy active material, so that the lithium ion battery has the characteristic of high energy density.
The gram capacity of the positive active material is 180-220 mAh/g, and the average particle size is 2-10 μm.
In one embodiment of the present application, the cathode active material has a gram capacity of 190mAh/g and an average particle size of 5 μm. In some other embodiments of the present application, the positive electrode active material has a gram capacity of 180mAh/g, 185mAh/g, 195mAh/g, 200mAh/g, 205mAh/g, 210mAh/g, 215mAh/g, or 220mAh/g, and an average particle size of 1 μm, 2 μm, 3 μm, 4 μm, 6 μm, 7 μm, 8 μm, 9 μm, or 10 μm.
Optionally, the third conductive agent includes a one-dimensional conductive agent, a two-dimensional conductive agent, and a three-dimensional conductive agent.
The positive active material of the lithium ion battery is compounded by adopting one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional structural conductive agents so as to build a three-dimensional conductive network of a positive pole piece, and a gain effect can be provided for the rate capability and the long cycle life of the lithium ion battery.
The mass ratio of the one-dimensional conductive agent to the two-dimensional conductive agent in the third conductive agent is 1-2.5: 1, and the mass ratio of the two-dimensional conductive agent to the three-dimensional conductive agent is 1-2: 1.
In one embodiment of the present application, the mass ratio of the one-dimensional conductive agent to the two-dimensional conductive agent in the third conductive agent is 2:1, and the mass ratio of the two-dimensional conductive agent to the three-dimensional conductive agent is 1.5: 1. In some other embodiments of the present application, the third conductive agent has a mass ratio of the one-dimensional conductive agent to the two-dimensional conductive agent of 1:1, 1.2:1, 1.5:1, 1.7:1, 2.3:1, or 2.5:1, and the mass ratio of the two-dimensional conductive agent to the three-dimensional conductive agent is 1:1, 1.2:1, 1.4:1, 1.6:1, 1.8:1, or 2: 1.
Wherein the three-dimensional conductive agent comprises graphene.
The surface density of the positive electrode active material layer is 100-300 g/m2The compaction density is 2.2-3.5 g/cm3
In one embodiment of the present application, the positive electrode active material layer has an areal density of 200g/m2The compacted density is 2.8g/cm3. In some other embodiments of the present application, the positive electrode active material layer has an areal density of 100g/m2、120g/m2、150g/m2、180g/m2、230g/m2、250g/m2、270g/m2Or 300g/m2The compacted density is 2.2g/cm3、2.5g/cm3、2.7g/cm3、3g/cm3、3.2g/cm3Or 3.5g/cm3
Optionally, the third binder comprises any one or more of polyvinylidene fluoride, polymethyl methacrylate, styrene butadiene rubber, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylonitrile, polymethacrylic acid, polyacrylate, and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
The positive pole piece of the lithium ion battery is prepared by the following method:
and coating the positive electrode slurry on the surface of the positive electrode current collector, and drying.
The positive electrode slurry is prepared by mixing a positive electrode active material, a third conductive agent, a third binder and a third solvent.
Optionally, a third solvent is added, which is heated to evaporate the solvent to a suitable amount for the homogenization equipment.
In addition, the positive electrode slurry of the present application may contain other additives in addition to the positive electrode active material, the third conductive agent, the third binder, and the third solvent.
Optionally, the third solvent comprises any one or more of N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, acetone, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, and trichloroethane.
Optionally, the positive electrode slurry is prepared by mixing 80-98 wt% of a positive electrode active material, 1-10 wt% of a third conductive agent and 1-10 wt% of a third binder.
The following describes a negative electrode plate, a method for manufacturing the negative electrode plate, and a lithium ion battery in detail with reference to the following embodiments.
Example 1
The embodiment of the application provides a negative pole piece and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:
1. preparing a first cathode slurry
47.3 wt.% of silica SiO having an average particle diameter of 10 μm and a gram volume of 450mAh/gx1 wt% of one-dimensional Super P, 0.5 wt% of two-dimensional CNTs, 0.6 wt% of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.6 wt% of styrene butadiene rubber and 50 wt% of deionized water are uniformly mixed to prepare first cathode slurry;
2. preparing a second cathode slurry
Uniformly mixing 47.15 wt% of mesophase carbon microspheres with the average particle size of 6 mu m and the gram volume of 340mAh/g, 1.5 wt% of one-dimensional Super P, 0.75 wt% of two-dimensional CNTs, 0.6 wt% of polyvinylidene fluoride and 50 wt% of N-methyl pyrrolidone to prepare second cathode slurry;
3. preparation of negative electrode plate
Coating the prepared first negative electrode slurry on the surface of a copper foil with the thickness of 10 mu m, coating the prepared second negative electrode slurry on the surface of the first negative electrode slurry, and drying to prepare a negative electrode piece;
the first negative electrode active material layer formed from the first negative electrode slurry has an areal density of 100g/m2The compacted density is 1.5g/cm3And the second negative electrode active material layer formed from the second negative electrode slurry has an areal density of 60g/m2The compacted density is 0.8g/cm3
Example 2
The embodiment of the application provides a negative pole piece and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:
1. preparing a first cathode slurry
42.4% by weight of a silica SiO having an average particle diameter of 5 μm and a gram volume of 1800mAh/gxUniformly mixing 4 wt% of one-dimensional KS-6, 1.6 wt% of two-dimensional VGCF, 2 wt% of polyacrylic acid and 50 wt% of deionized water to prepare first cathode slurry;
2. preparing a second cathode slurry
Uniformly mixing 47.5 wt% of soft carbon with the average particle size of 5 mu m and the gram volume of 280mAh/g, 0.25 wt% of one-dimensional KS-6, 0.25 wt% of two-dimensional VGCF, 2 wt% of polymethyl methacrylate and 50 wt% of acetone to prepare second negative electrode slurry;
3. preparation of negative electrode plate
Coating the prepared first negative electrode slurry on the surface of a copper foil with the thickness of 10 mu m, coating the prepared second negative electrode slurry on the surface of the first negative electrode slurry, and drying to prepare a negative electrode piece;
the first negative electrode active material layer formed from the first negative electrode slurry has an areal density of 60g/m2The compacted density is 1.25g/cm3And the second negative electrode active material layer formed from the second negative electrode slurry has an areal density of 15g/m2The compacted density is 0.6g/cm3
Example 3
The embodiment of the application provides a negative pole piece and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:
1. preparing a first cathode slurry
Uniformly mixing 47.1 wt% of Si-C alloy material with the average particle size of 1 mu m and the gram volume of 380mAh/g, 0.3 wt% of one-dimensional Super P, 0.3 wt% of mixture of two-dimensional CNTs and VGCF, 1 wt% of polymethacrylic acid, 1.3 wt% of polyacrylate and 50 wt% of deionized water to prepare first cathode slurry;
2. preparing a second cathode slurry
Uniformly mixing 40.05 wt% of hard carbon with the average particle size of 1 mu m and the gram volume of 380mAh/g, 4.25 wt% of one-dimensional Super P, 1.7 wt% of two-dimensional CNTs, 4 wt% of polymethacrylic acid and 50 wt% of dimethyl sulfoxide to prepare second cathode slurry;
3. preparation of negative electrode plate
Coating the prepared first negative electrode slurry on the surface of a copper foil with the thickness of 10 mu m, coating the prepared second negative electrode slurry on the surface of the first negative electrode slurry, and drying to prepare a negative electrode piece;
the first negative electrode active material layer formed from the first negative electrode slurry has an areal density of 200g/m2The compacted density is 1.65g/cm3The second negative electrode active material layer formed from the second negative electrode slurry has an areal density of 80g/m2The compacted density is 1.25g/cm3
Example 4
The embodiment of the application provides a lithium ion battery and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:
1. preparation of Positive electrode slurry
Uniformly mixing 94.9 wt% of nickel-cobalt-aluminum ternary material with the average particle size of 8 mu m and the gram volume of 190mAh/g, 1.6 wt% of one-dimensional Super P, 1.2 wt% of two-dimensional CNTs, 0.8 wt% of three-dimensional graphene and 1.5 wt% of polyvinylidene fluoride to prepare positive electrode slurry;
2. preparation of Positive and negative electrode plates
Preparing a positive pole piece: coating the prepared anode slurry on the surface of an aluminum foil with the thickness of 15 mu m, and drying;
the positive electrode active material layer formed from the positive electrode slurry had an area density of 200g/m2The compacted density is 2.8g/cm3
Preparing a negative pole piece: prepared according to the method of example 1;
3. preparation of lithium ion batteries
And (3) preparing the prepared positive pole piece, negative pole piece and diaphragm into a laminated core by adopting a lamination process, and preparing the laminated core and electrolyte into the flexible package lithium ion battery through an assembly process after hot pressing.
Example 5
The embodiment of the application provides a lithium ion battery and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:
1. preparation of Positive electrode slurry
Uniformly mixing 94.5 wt% of nickel-cobalt-aluminum ternary material with the average particle size of 2 mu m and the gram volume of 220mAh/g, 1.5 wt% of one-dimensional Ketjen black, 1.2 wt% of two-dimensional VGCF, 0.8 wt% of three-dimensional graphene and 2 wt% of polymethyl methacrylate to prepare positive electrode slurry;
2. preparation of Positive and negative electrode plates
Preparing a positive pole piece: coating the prepared anode slurry on the surface of an aluminum foil with the thickness of 15 mu m, and drying;
the positive electrode active material layer formed from the positive electrode slurry had an area density of 100g/m2The compacted density is 2.2g/cm3
Preparing a negative pole piece: prepared according to the method of example 1;
3. preparation of lithium ion batteries
And (3) preparing the prepared positive pole piece, negative pole piece and diaphragm into a laminated core by adopting a lamination process, and preparing the laminated core and electrolyte into the flexible package lithium ion battery through an assembly process after hot pressing.
Example 6
The embodiment of the application provides a lithium ion battery and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:
1. preparation of Positive electrode slurry
Uniformly mixing 90.7 wt% of nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary material with the average particle size of 10 mu m and the gram volume of 180mAh/g, 1.8 wt% of one-dimensional SFG, 1.5 wt% of mixture of two-dimensional CNTs and VGCF, 1 wt% of three-dimensional graphene and 5 wt% of polymethacrylic acid to prepare anode slurry;
2. preparation of Positive and negative electrode plates
Preparing a positive pole piece: coating the prepared anode slurry on the surface of an aluminum foil with the thickness of 15 mu m, and drying;
the positive electrode active material layer formed from the positive electrode slurry had an area density of 300g/m2The compacted density is 3.5g/cm3
Preparing a negative pole piece: prepared according to the method of example 1;
3. preparation of lithium ion batteries
And (3) preparing the prepared positive pole piece, negative pole piece and diaphragm into a laminated core by adopting a lamination process, and preparing the laminated core and electrolyte into the flexible package lithium ion battery through an assembly process after hot pressing.
Comparative example 1
The application and the comparison example provide a lithium ion battery and a preparation method thereof, wherein a negative electrode pole piece only has a first active material layer of example 1 and no second active material layer, and the rest is the same as that of example 4.
Comparative example 2
The application and the comparison example provide a lithium ion battery and a preparation method thereof, wherein the active material of the second active material layer of the negative pole piece is multiplying power type graphite, and the rest is the same as that of the embodiment 4.
Comparative example 3
The application provides a lithium ion battery and a preparation method thereof, wherein a first conductive agent and a second conductive agent of a negative electrode plate are both one-dimensional Super P, first negative electrode slurry comprises 1.5 wt% of one-dimensional Super P, second negative electrode slurry comprises 2.25 wt% of one-dimensional Super P, and the rest is the same as that in embodiment 4.
Comparative example 4
The application provides a lithium ion battery and a preparation method thereof, wherein a first conductive agent and a second conductive agent of a negative pole piece are both two-dimensional CNTs, first negative pole slurry comprises 1.5 wt% of the two-dimensional CNTs, second negative pole slurry comprises 2.25 wt% of the two-dimensional CNTs, and the rest is the same as that in embodiment 4.
Comparative example 5
The application of the comparative example provides a lithium ion battery and a preparation method thereof, wherein a third conductive agent of a positive pole piece is one-dimensional Super P, positive pole slurry comprises 3.2 wt% of one-dimensional Super P, and the rest is the same as that of the embodiment 4.
Comparative example 6
The application of the comparative example provides a lithium ion battery and a preparation method thereof, wherein a third conductive agent of a positive pole piece is one-dimensional Super P and two-dimensional CNTs, positive pole slurry comprises 1.83 wt% of the one-dimensional Super P and 1.37 wt% of the two-dimensional CNTs, and the rest is the same as that of the embodiment 4.
Test examples
The lithium ion batteries prepared in example 4 and comparative examples 1 to 6 were respectively subjected to an energy density test, a rate charging performance test and a normal temperature rate cycle test.
And (3) energy density testing: the battery was charged at 23 ℃ at a constant current and a constant voltage at 1C to an upper limit voltage, left to stand for 30min, and then discharged at a constant current at 1C to a lower limit cut-off voltage, the discharged capacity was designated as C0, the nominal voltage of the battery was designated as U0, the weight of the battery was designated as m, and the energy density (Wh/kg) was (C0 × U0)/m, and the test structure was as shown in table 1.
And (3) testing the rate charging performance: standing the battery for 12h at a target temperature (the normal temperature is 23 ℃, and the low temperature is 0 ℃), and stopping the current at 0.05 ℃ until the upper limit voltage is reached in a 1C constant-current constant-voltage charging mode; the charge capacity and constant current charge ratio were recorded separately and the test results are shown in tables 2 and 3.
And (3) normal-temperature multiplying power cycle test: taking the batteries of the example 4 and the comparative example 1, charging the batteries at 23 ℃ in a 3C constant current and constant voltage manner to reach the upper limit voltage, and cutting off the current at 0.05C; standing for 30min, discharging with 3C constant current to lower limit cut-off voltage, repeating the above steps for 1000 times or more, and testing results are shown in FIG. 2.
TABLE 1 energy Density test results
Figure BDA0002966142740000161
Figure BDA0002966142740000171
TABLE 2 Normal temperature Rate charging Performance results
Figure BDA0002966142740000172
Figure BDA0002966142740000181
Table 3 low temperature rate charge performance results
Figure BDA0002966142740000182
Figure BDA0002966142740000191
Figure BDA0002966142740000201
As can be seen from the above, the battery of the embodiment of the present application has a higher energy density and excellent rate charging characteristics;
comparative example 1, which has only the first active material layer and no second active material layer, had poor normal-temperature rate charging performance and low-temperature rate charging performance compared to example 4;
comparative example 2, rate graphite is used as an active material of the second active material layer of the negative electrode material, and compared with example 4, the normal-temperature rate charging performance and the low-temperature rate charging performance are poor, which shows that the lithium ion battery made of the negative electrode plate can improve the rapid charging and discharging capability under normal-temperature and low-temperature scenes by using the second negative electrode active material layer made of amorphous carbon;
compared with the embodiment 4, the negative pole piece of the comparative examples 3-4 only has one-dimensional conductive agent or two-dimensional conductive agent, and has poorer normal-temperature rate charging performance and low-temperature rate charging performance, so that the negative pole piece is compounded by adopting one-dimensional and two-dimensional structural conductive agents to build a two-dimensional conductive network of the negative pole piece, and can provide gain effects on the rate performance and long cycle life of the lithium ion battery;
compared with example 4, the positive electrode active material of the lithium ion battery disclosed by the invention is poor in normal-temperature rate charging performance and low-temperature rate charging performance, and the positive electrode active material of the lithium ion battery disclosed by the application is compounded by adopting one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional conductive agents so as to build a three-dimensional conductive network of the positive electrode plate, so that the gain effect on the rate performance and long cycle life of the lithium ion battery can be provided.
In summary, the lithium ion battery provided by the embodiment of the application has high energy density and excellent rate charging characteristics, wherein the energy density is as high as 200-280 Wh/kg, 80% of electricity can be charged in 15min at normal temperature, 70% of electricity can be charged in 15min at 0 ℃ and low temperature, the excellent rate charging characteristics are still shown at low temperature, and the cycle performance is obviously improved through the establishment of the conductive network.
The foregoing is illustrative of the present application and is not to be construed as limiting thereof, as numerous modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. The negative pole piece is characterized by comprising a negative pole current collector, a first negative pole active material layer and a second negative pole active material layer, wherein at least part of the surface of the negative pole current collector is coated by the first negative pole active material layer, and at least part of the surface of the first negative pole active material layer is coated by the second negative pole active material layer;
the first negative electrode active material layer includes a first negative electrode active material, a first conductive agent, and a first binder;
the second negative electrode active material layer includes a second negative electrode active material, a second conductive agent, and a second binder;
the first negative electrode active material is a silicon-based material or a tin-based material, and the second negative electrode active material is amorphous carbon.
2. The negative electrode tab of claim 1, wherein the amorphous carbon comprises any one or more of soft carbon, hard carbon and mesocarbon microbeads;
optionally, the gram capacity of the soft carbon is 200-320 mAh/g, and the average particle size is 1-10 μm;
optionally, the gram capacity of the hard carbon is 320-450 mAh/g, and the average particle size is 1-10 μm;
optionally, the gram volume of the mesocarbon microbeads is 300-400 mAh/g, and the average particle size is 1-10 μm.
3. The negative electrode plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the silicon-based material comprises Si-C alloy material and/or silicon monoxide, the gram volume of the silicon-based material is 380-1800 mAh/g, and the average particle size is 1-16 μm;
the tin-based material comprises a mixture of tin dioxide and graphite, and the gram volume of the tin-based material is 380-1800 mAh/g.
4. The negative electrode plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first conductive agent and/or the second conductive agent comprises a one-dimensional conductive agent and a two-dimensional conductive agent, and the mass ratio of the one-dimensional conductive agent to the two-dimensional conductive agent is 1-2.5: 1;
optionally, the one-dimensional conductive agent comprises any one or more of Super P, KS-6, SFG and Ketjen black;
optionally, the two-dimensional conductive agent comprises VGCF and/or CNTs.
5. The negative electrode plate of claim 1, wherein the first binder comprises any one or more of styrene-butadiene rubber, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylonitrile, polymethacrylic acid, polyacrylate and sodium carboxymethylcellulose;
the second binder comprises one or more of polyvinylidene fluoride, polymethyl methacrylate, styrene butadiene rubber, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylonitrile, polymethacrylic acid, polyacrylate and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
6. The preparation method of the negative pole piece of any one of claims 1 to 5, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
coating first negative electrode slurry on the surface of the negative electrode current collector, coating second negative electrode slurry on the surface of the first negative electrode slurry, and drying;
wherein the first negative electrode slurry is prepared by mixing the first negative electrode active material, the first conductive agent, the first binder and a first solvent, and the second negative electrode slurry is prepared by mixing the second negative electrode active material, the second conductive agent, the second binder and a second solvent.
7. The preparation method of the negative electrode plate according to claim 6, wherein the first negative electrode slurry is prepared by mixing 46.6-53.9 wt% of the first negative electrode active material, 0.6-5.6 wt% of the first conductive agent, 2-3.3 wt% of the first binder and 37.2-50.8 wt% of a first solvent;
the second negative electrode slurry is prepared by mixing 40-60 wt% of the second negative electrode active material, 0.5-6 wt% of the second conductive agent, 2-4 wt% of the second binder and 30-57.5 wt% of a second solvent.
8. A lithium ion battery is characterized by comprising a positive electrode plate, a diaphragm, an electrolyte and the negative electrode plate of any one of claims 1 to 5.
9. The lithium ion battery according to claim 8, wherein the positive electrode plate comprises a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer, and at least part of the surface of the positive electrode current collector is coated by the positive electrode active material layer;
the positive electrode active material layer includes a positive electrode active material, a third conductive agent, and a third binder;
the positive active material is a nickel-cobalt-aluminum or nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary material, the gram capacity of the positive active material is 180-220 mAh/g, and the average particle size is 2-10 mu m.
10. The lithium ion battery according to claim 9, wherein the third conductive agent comprises a one-dimensional conductive agent, a two-dimensional conductive agent and a three-dimensional conductive agent, the mass ratio of the one-dimensional conductive agent to the two-dimensional conductive agent is 1-2.5: 1, and the mass ratio of the two-dimensional conductive agent to the three-dimensional conductive agent is 1-2: 1;
optionally, the one-dimensional conductive agent comprises any one or more of Super P, KS-6, SFG and Ketjen black;
optionally, the two-dimensional conductive agent comprises VGCF and/or CNTs;
optionally, the three-dimensional conductive agent comprises graphene.
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Application publication date: 20210622