CN113008307B - Method for determining fracture intervals of equal-interval fractured rock stratum - Google Patents

Method for determining fracture intervals of equal-interval fractured rock stratum Download PDF

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CN113008307B
CN113008307B CN202110256641.3A CN202110256641A CN113008307B CN 113008307 B CN113008307 B CN 113008307B CN 202110256641 A CN202110256641 A CN 202110256641A CN 113008307 B CN113008307 B CN 113008307B
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常旭
付磊
俞晋
陈士海
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Huaqiao University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for determining the fracture interval of an equal-interval fractured rock stratum, which relates to the technical field of rock fracture interval prediction and comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: finding out occurrence geological conditions of the stratified fractured rock mass, and testing basic mechanical property parameters of the stratified fractured rock mass; step two: judging and analyzing the bonding slip state of the rock stratum interface; step three: when the bonding state of the stratified rock interface is good and the layers are not separated, determining the fracture spacing by using a corresponding undissociated fracture spacing calculation model between the rock layers; when the rock stratum interface has a partial slip state and the interlayer parts are separated, determining the fracture distance by using a corresponding fracture distance calculation model for the separation of the rock stratum interlayer parts; when the rock stratum interface is completely separated in a sliding mode and the layers are completely separated, the fracture interval can be determined by using the corresponding fracture interval calculation model with the layers completely separated, the fracture interval obtained by the method meets the actual condition, and the error is small.

Description

Method for determining fracture intervals of equal-interval fractured rock stratum
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock fracture interval prediction, in particular to a method for determining an equal interval fracture interval of a fractured rock stratum.
Background
The stratified rock mass is a common complex medium of underground engineering, is influenced by a bedding structure surface, and has obvious anisotropic characteristics in deformation and strength; and the formation also contains a large number of formation fractures therein. The instability of the surrounding rocks of the roadway, the tunnel and the chamber is easily induced by the anisotropy characteristic of the stratified rock mass and the discontinuity caused by the tectonic fracture in the rock stratum, and great challenges are brought to the construction and safe use of underground engineering structures. Tectonic fractures in stratified rock masses exhibit strong regularity: the fractures are often limited by bedding surfaces, the length of the fractures is basically equal to the thickness of the rock stratum where the fractures are located, the fracture intervals are approximately equal, the average interval is approximately in direct proportion to the thickness of the rock stratum where the fractures are located, and the rock stratum equidistant fractures are the long-term evolution result of the stratified rock body under the action of tectonic stress and are important indicators for reflecting the structural characteristics of the stratified rock body: the crack intervals are different, the stratified rock body presents different structural characteristics, at present, no method specially used for predicting the crack intervals exists, and generally, an engineer carries out prediction and judgment according to own experience, so that personal subjective factors have large influence on prediction conclusion and errors, and therefore, a systematic method is urgently needed to predict the crack intervals of the uniformly-spaced fractured stratified rock body so as to provide an effective theoretical basis for stability control of the stratified rock body and provide reference for calculation and design of the layered surrounding rock support.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for determining the fracture intervals of an equal-interval fractured rock stratum so as to solve the problems in the prior art, and the fracture intervals determined by the method meet the actual conditions and have small errors.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a method for determining fracture intervals of an equal-interval fractured rock stratum, which comprises the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: finding out occurrence geological conditions of the stratified fractured rock mass, and testing basic mechanical property parameters of the stratified fractured rock mass;
step two: judging and analyzing the bonding slip state of the rock stratum interface;
step three: when the bonding state of the stratified rock interface is good and the layers are not separated, determining the fracture spacing by using a corresponding undissociated fracture spacing calculation model between the rock layers;
when the rock stratum interface has a partial slip state and the interlayer parts are separated, determining the fracture distance by using a corresponding fracture distance calculation model for the separation of the rock stratum interlayer parts;
and when the rock stratum interface is completely separated in a sliding mode and the layers are completely separated, determining the fracture spacing by utilizing the corresponding fracture spacing calculation model with the completely separated layers.
Preferably, the bonding slip state of the rock stratum interface is judged and analyzed according to the occurrence geological conditions and basic mechanical property parameters of the stratified fractured rock body found in the step one.
Preferably, the calculation model of the undissociated fracture spacing between formation layers is as follows:
Figure BDA0002967652960000021
wherein sigmatNominal tensile strength for fracturing a formation, given by the formula σt＝σ′t+vcDetermining gamma h;
parameter σ'tUniaxial tensile strength to fracture the formation;
σ is the ground stress; may be derived from field surveys;
gamma is the volume weight of the overburden;
h is the buried depth of the fractured rock stratum;
vcpoisson's ratio for fractured rock formations;
Ec，Emthe indexes c and m respectively refer to a fractured rock stratum and an adjacent rock stratum thereof;
l is the crack spacing;
Figure BDA0002967652960000022
Figure BDA0002967652960000023
the calculation parameter M can be represented by the formula M ═ (3.5log2-2) dmDetermining;
parameter dmIs the thickness of the adjacent formation;
parameter vmIs the poisson's ratio of the adjacent rock formations;
the parameter t is the thickness of the fractured rock formation.
Preferably, the fracture spacing calculation model for the separation of the formation interval portions is as follows:
Figure BDA0002967652960000031
Figure BDA0002967652960000032
wherein sigmatNominal tensile strength for fracturing a formation, given by the formula σt＝σ′t+vcDetermining gamma h;
parameter σ'tUniaxial tensile strength to fracture the formation;
gamma is the volume weight of the overburden;
h is the buried depth of the fractured rock stratum;
Ec，Emthe indexes c and m respectively refer to a fractured rock stratum and an adjacent rock stratum thereof;
l is the crack spacing;
Figure BDA0002967652960000033
related to the geometric dimension and occurrence condition of the stratified rock mass
Figure BDA0002967652960000034
Determining;
k is the bond stiffness of the interface, can be represented by
Figure BDA0002967652960000035
Determining;
the calculation parameter M can be represented by the formula M ═ (3.5log2-2) dmDetermining;
parameter dmIs the thickness of the adjacent formation;
parameter vmIs the poisson's ratio of the adjacent rock formations;
the parameter t is the thickness of the fractured rock formation;
parameter taurAnd τpShear strength and residual shear strength at a fractured formation interface;
the specific calculation steps of the parameter a are as follows:
calculating parameters M, k and beta;
judgment of
Figure BDA0002967652960000041
If yes, setting a to be 0.5 l;
if the result is false, setting a to l;
preferably, the calculation model of the crack spacing for complete separation between layers is as follows:
Figure BDA0002967652960000042
wherein sigmatNominal tensile strength for fracturing a formation, given by the formula σt＝σ′t+vcDetermining gamma h;
parameter σ'tUniaxial tensile strength to fracture the formation;
gamma is the volume weight of the overburden;
h is the buried depth of the fractured rock stratum;
parameter taupTo fracture the residual shear strength of the formation interface.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the invention provides a method for determining the fracture interval of an equal-interval fractured rock stratum, which comprises the steps of judging and analyzing the bonding slippage state of a rock stratum interface according to the occurrence geological conditions and basic mechanical property parameters of a stratified fractured rock mass and then respectively calculating the fracture interval by adopting corresponding formulas; through practical demonstration, the crack spacing determined by the method accords with the practical situation and has small error.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a graph of the location of a fractured rock formation and two adjacent rock formations adjacent thereto;
in the figure: 1-fractured rock formation, 2-adjacent rock formation.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a method for determining the fracture intervals of an equal-interval fractured rock stratum so as to solve the problems in the prior art, and the fracture intervals determined by the method meet the actual conditions and have small errors.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
The invention provides a method for determining fracture intervals of an equal-interval fractured rock stratum, which comprises the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: finding out occurrence geological conditions of the stratified fractured rock mass, wherein the occurrence geological conditions comprise rock stratum thickness, rock stratum interface bonding state, ground stress, rock stratum burial depth and the like, and testing basic mechanical property parameters of the stratified fractured rock mass; the stratified fractured rock mass is a fractured rock stratum, an adjacent rock stratum and the like;
step two: judging and analyzing the bonding slip state of the rock stratum interface;
step three: when the bonding state of the stratified rock interface is good and the layers are not separated, determining the fracture spacing by using a corresponding undissociated fracture spacing calculation model between the rock layers;
when the rock stratum interface has a partial slip state and the interlayer parts are separated, determining the fracture distance by using a corresponding fracture distance calculation model for the separation of the rock stratum interlayer parts;
and when the rock stratum interface is completely separated in a sliding mode and the layers are completely separated, determining the fracture spacing by utilizing the corresponding fracture spacing calculation model with the completely separated layers.
And further, judging and analyzing the bonding and sliding state of the rock stratum interface according to the occurrence geological conditions and the basic mechanical property parameters of the stratified fractured rock mass found in the step one.
Further, the calculation model of the undissociated fracture spacing between the formation layers is as follows:
Figure BDA0002967652960000051
wherein sigmatNominal tensile strength for fracturing a formation, given by the formula σt＝σ′t+vcDetermining gamma h;
parameter σ'tUniaxial tensile strength to fracture the formation;
σ is the ground stress; may be derived from field surveys;
gamma is the volume weight of the overburden; a volume weight of a plurality of rock formations above the gamma-fractured rock formation;
h is the buried depth of the fractured rock stratum;
vcpoisson's ratio for fractured rock formations;
Ec，Emthe indexes c and m respectively refer to a fractured rock stratum and an adjacent rock stratum thereof; the upper rock stratum and the lower rock stratum are assumed to be consistent in the model, so that the elastic modulus of the adjacent rock stratum is consistent;
l is the crack spacing;
Figure BDA0002967652960000061
related to the geometric dimension and occurrence condition of the stratified rock mass
Figure BDA0002967652960000062
Determining;
k is the bond stiffness of the interface, can be represented by
Figure BDA0002967652960000063
Determining;
the calculation parameter M can be represented by the formula M ═ (3.5log2-2) dmDetermining;
parameter dmIs a phase ofThe thickness of the adjacent rock formation;
parameter vmIs the poisson's ratio of the adjacent rock formations;
the parameter t is the thickness of the fractured rock formation.
Further, the fracture spacing calculation model of the separation of the stratum interlayer parts is as follows:
Figure BDA0002967652960000064
Figure BDA0002967652960000065
wherein sigmatNominal tensile strength for fracturing a formation, given by the formula σt＝σ′t+vcDetermining gamma h;
parameter σ'tUniaxial tensile strength to fracture the formation;
gamma is the volume weight of the overburden;
h is the buried depth of the fractured rock stratum;
Ec，Emthe indexes c and m respectively refer to a fractured rock stratum and an adjacent rock stratum thereof;
l is the crack spacing;
Figure BDA0002967652960000071
related to the geometric dimension and occurrence condition of the stratified rock mass
Figure BDA0002967652960000072
Determining;
k is the bond stiffness of the interface, can be represented by
Figure BDA0002967652960000073
Determining;
the calculation parameter M can be represented by the formula M ═ (3.5log2-2) dmDetermining;
parameter dmIs the thickness of the adjacent rock formation；
Parameter vmIs the poisson's ratio of the adjacent rock formations;
the parameter t is the thickness of the fractured rock formation;
parameter taurAnd τpShear strength and residual shear strength at a fractured formation interface; determined by direct shear testing of the bedding rock sample;
the parameter a is the separation length of the fractured rock stratum 1 interface, and the specific calculation steps of the parameter a are as follows:
calculating parameters M, k and beta;
judgment of
Figure BDA0002967652960000074
If yes, setting a to be 0.5 l;
if the result is false, setting a to l;
epsilon is the strain of adjacent rock strata, and conversion calculation can be carried out according to the ground stress and the elastic modulus;
further, the calculation model of the crack spacing of complete interlayer separation is as follows:
Figure BDA0002967652960000075
wherein sigmatNominal tensile strength for fracturing a formation, given by the formula σt＝σ′t+vcDetermining gamma h;
parameter σ'tUniaxial tensile strength to fracture the formation; can be determined by laboratory tests;
gamma is the volume weight of the overburden;
h is the buried depth of the fractured rock stratum;
parameter taupThe residual shear strength to fracture the formation interface was determined by direct shear testing of samples containing bedrock.
Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to specific examples.
Example one
A schematic diagram of a tunnel equal-interval fractured stratified rock mass in the Fujian Wuyi mountain area is shown in figure 1.
Firstly, finding out occurrence geological conditions of a stratified fractured rock mass, and collecting rock samples to carry out indoor mechanical property test; the relevant parameters of the stratified rock mass are shown in the following table:
t dm h Ec Em vc vm γ σt c θ
1.2m 0.6m 160m 60GPa 18GPa 0.25 0.28 24kN/m3 21MPa 5MPa 30°
and secondly, determining the bedding surface contact state of the stratified rock mass as a partial separation state according to on-site geological survey analysis and combined with indoor test.
And thirdly, calculating and determining the fracture interval by using an interlayer part separation formula.
And the fourth step, the crack distance is 1.23m through calculation.
The crack spacing of the rock mass calculated by the method is nearly consistent with the result (1.16-1.33m) of field measurement.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying a specific example, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.

Claims (1)

1. A method of determining the spacing of fractures in an equally spaced fractured formation, comprising: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: finding out occurrence geological conditions of the stratified fractured rock mass, and testing basic mechanical property parameters of the stratified fractured rock mass;
step two: judging and analyzing the bonding slip state of the rock stratum interface; judging and analyzing the bonding slip state of the rock stratum interface according to the occurrence geological conditions and the basic mechanical property parameters of the stratified fractured rock mass found in the step one;
step three: when the bonding state of the stratified rock interface is good and the layers are not separated, determining the fracture spacing by using a corresponding undissociated fracture spacing calculation model between the rock layers;
when the rock stratum interface has a partial slip state and the interlayer parts are separated, determining the fracture distance by using a corresponding fracture distance calculation model for the separation of the rock stratum interlayer parts;
when the rock stratum interface is completely separated in a sliding mode and the layers are completely separated, the fracture distance can be determined by using the corresponding fracture distance calculation model with the completely separated layers;
the calculation model of the undissociated fracture spacing between strata is as follows:
Figure FDA0003240868720000011
wherein sigmatNominal tensile strength for fracturing a formation, given by the formula σt＝σ′t+vcDetermining gamma h;
σ is the ground stress;
parameter σ'tUniaxial tensile strength to fracture the formation;
gamma is the volume weight of the overburden;
h is the buried depth of the fractured rock stratum;
vcpoisson's ratio for fractured rock formations;
Ec，Emthe indexes c and m respectively refer to a fractured rock stratum and an adjacent rock stratum thereof;
l is the crack spacing;
Figure FDA0003240868720000012
Figure FDA0003240868720000021
the calculation parameter M can be represented by the formula M ═ (3.5log2-2) dmDetermining;
parameter dmIs the thickness of the adjacent formation;
parameter vmIs the poisson's ratio of the adjacent rock formations;
the parameter t is the thickness of the fractured rock formation;
the fracture spacing calculation model for the separation of the stratum interlayer parts is as follows:
Figure FDA0003240868720000022
Figure FDA0003240868720000023
wherein sigmatNominal tensile strength for fracturing a formation, given by the formula σt＝σ′t+vcDetermining gamma h;
parameter σ'tUniaxial tensile strength to fracture the formation;
σ is the ground stress;
gamma is the volume weight of the overburden;
h is the buried depth of the fractured rock stratum;
vcpoisson's ratio for fractured rock formations;
Ec，Emthe indexes c and m respectively refer to a fractured rock stratum and an adjacent rock stratum thereof;
l is the crack spacing;
beta is related to the geometric dimension of the stratified rock mass and the occurrence geological conditions by the formula
Figure FDA0003240868720000024
Determining;
k is the bond stiffness of the interface, can be represented by
Figure FDA0003240868720000025
Determining;
the calculation parameter M can be represented by the formula M ═ (3.5log2-2) dmDetermining;
parameter dmIs the thickness of the adjacent formation;
parameter vmIs the poisson's ratio of the adjacent rock formations;
the parameter t is the thickness of the fractured rock formation;
parameter taurAnd τpShear strength and residual shear strength of the fractured rock formation interface respectively;
the specific calculation steps of the parameter a are as follows:
calculating parameters M, k and beta;
judgment of
Figure FDA0003240868720000031
If yes, setting a to be 0.5 l;
if the result is false, setting a to l;
ε is the strain of the adjacent rock formations;
the calculation model of the crack spacing for complete separation between layers is as follows:
Figure FDA0003240868720000032
wherein sigmatNominal tensile strength for fracturing a formation, given by the formula σt＝σ′t+vcDetermining gamma h;
parameter σ'tUniaxial tensile strength to fracture the formation;
σ is the ground stress;
gamma is the volume weight of the overburden;
h is the buried depth of the fractured rock stratum;
taking l as a crack interval;
vc is the Poisson's ratio of adjacent rock strata;
t is the thickness of the fractured rock formation;
parameter taupTo fracture the residual shear strength of the formation interface.
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