CN113007593B - Steel cylinder recovery device, method and application thereof - Google Patents
Steel cylinder recovery device, method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113007593B CN113007593B CN202110188749.3A CN202110188749A CN113007593B CN 113007593 B CN113007593 B CN 113007593B CN 202110188749 A CN202110188749 A CN 202110188749A CN 113007593 B CN113007593 B CN 113007593B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
- F17C5/02—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with liquefied gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
- F17C13/025—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the pressure as the parameter
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/04—Arrangement or mounting of valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
- F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D3/00—Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations
- F17D3/01—Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations for controlling, signalling, or supervising the conveyance of a product
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
- F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
- F17C2227/0157—Compressors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/04—Methods for emptying or filling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/043—Pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
- F17C2250/0605—Parameters
- F17C2250/0626—Pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
- F17C2260/035—Dealing with losses of fluid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
The steel cylinder recovery device, method and application thereof comprise an oven, a bus bar, a pressure transmitter, a gas return valve, a vacuum pumping valve, a nitrogen valve, a hose, a condensing device and a residual liquid steel cylinder; a plurality of steel cylinders to be treated are arranged in the oven; the pressure transmitter is used for monitoring the pressure at the outlet of the steel cylinder; the gas return valve, the nitrogen valve and the vacuum pumping valve are connected with the steel cylinder through hoses; the condensing device is connected with the residual liquid steel cylinder, and residual gas treated by the vacuum compressor unit is cooled into liquid by the condensing device and then flows into the residual liquid steel cylinder; the gas return valve, the nitrogen valve, the vacuumizing valve and the steel cylinder valve are electromagnetic valves, and the opening and closing of the valves are controlled through a control system. The invention solves the problem of recycling the steel cylinder returned by the client, improves the operation capacity of the steel cylinder, and reduces the influence of the recycled steel cylinder on the filling quality of the product.
Description
Technical Field
The invention designs a waste liquid recovery device and a waste liquid recovery method, particularly relates to a residual gas recovery device and a residual gas recovery method for a special steel cylinder, and belongs to the field of residual gas recovery application.
Background
The special gas industry relates to the use of a large number of steel cylinders for filling products, the steel cylinders are returned to a manufacturer after the products are delivered to a client end, in the gas sales process of the company, the steel cylinders returned from a client to the company are mostly in a positive pressure state, a certain amount of products remain in the steel cylinders, if the residual gas of the products is directly discharged into the air, the waste of resources is caused, not only is economic loss brought, but also environmental pollution is caused, if impurities in the steel cylinders are not cleaned, the impurities are mixed with new gas after being recharged to influence the purity of the gas, if the impurities are directly discharged into the air, the possibility that the air enters the steel cylinders exists, the use of the next steel cylinders is influenced, and therefore, a method for recycling the steel cylinders is provided, and the normal circulation of a production system is guaranteed.
In the prior art, for example, chinese patent (application No. CN2019205634177, publication No. CN209909554U) discloses a device for safely recovering and replacing residual gas in a liquid chlorine steel cylinder, which comprises a low pit, an underground low pit storage tank, a recovery pipe device, a valve-detaching recovery device, a recovery device distribution table, a 1# liquid chlorine steel cylinder, a 2# liquid chlorine steel cylinder, a recovery pump, and a recovery pipe pressure monitoring device, wherein the valve-detaching recovery device is connected to the 1# liquid chlorine steel cylinder and the 2# liquid chlorine steel cylinder respectively, and is connected to the underground low pit storage tank through the recovery device distribution table and the recovery pipe device, the recovery pump is connected to an outlet of the 1# liquid chlorine steel cylinder and an inlet of the 2# liquid chlorine steel cylinder, the underground low pit storage tank and the recovery device distribution table are communicated, a recovery valve is installed in the device, and a recovery pipe pressure monitoring device is installed on the recovery pipe.
As in the prior art again: CN102506302A, CN2415239Y, CN202149358U, CN203115497U, CN203500836U, CN2900416Y, CN210266689U, CN208090303U, CN208959580U, etc., and journal (6 th year of 2002) disclose a recovery and utilization of residual liquid in an oil gas cylinder, however, although the above prior arts all disclose a residual liquid recovery device and a recovery method thereof, after intensive research, the skilled person in the art thinks that the above documents do not have control over pressure during recovery of residual liquid or have no explanation on the control method thereof, and thus cannot realize accurate control over opening and closing of an electromagnetic valve, and further cause a safety hazard in the residual gas recovery process.
In addition, in the steel cylinder recovery process, workers often find that the residual gas in the steel cylinder is inconsistent with the material indicated by the steel cylinder nameplate in the treatment process, so that great troubles are brought to subsequent treatment work, and serious chemical reaction is possibly generated after multiple gases/liquids are mixed, so that serious liability accidents of personal safety or property loss in the treatment process are possibly caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention designs a steel cylinder recovery device, a method and application thereof, and the technical scheme is as follows:
the steel cylinder recovery device comprises an oven, a bus bar, a pressure transmitter, a gas return valve, a vacuum pumping valve, a nitrogen valve, a hose, a condensing device and a residual liquid steel cylinder; a plurality of steel cylinders to be treated are arranged in the oven; the pressure transmitter is used for monitoring the pressure at the outlet of the steel cylinder; the gas return valve, the nitrogen valve and the vacuum pumping valve are connected with the steel cylinder through hoses; the condensing device is connected with the residual liquid steel cylinder, and residual gas treated by the vacuum compressor unit is cooled into liquid by the condensing device and then flows into the residual liquid steel cylinder; it is characterized in that: the gas return valve, the nitrogen valve, the vacuumizing valve and the steel cylinder valve are electromagnetic valves, and the opening and closing of the valves are controlled through a control system.
Preferably: the oven is a temperature-controllable oven.
Preferably: the condensing device is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger.
Preferably: the shell pass of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger is cooling water, the tube pass is residual liquid gas output by the vacuum compressor unit, and the wall heat exchange between the shell pass and the tube pass is carried out; after the heat exchange is finished, all the vapor phase in the tube pass is condensed into liquid, and the condensed residual liquid gas is transmitted into a liquefied gas steel cylinder through an electromagnetic valve.
Preferably: the shell-and-tube heat exchanger adopts a stainless steel plate with rectangular corrugations as a heat transfer element; the baffle plate in the heat exchanger is designed in a horizontal segmental shape.
Preferably: the vacuum compressor unit comprises a lubricating oil filtering device, and the lubricating oil filtering device comprises a residual liquid inlet and outlet, a lubricating oil filtering layer, a floating ball valve group and a device shell; the device is divided into an upper part and a lower part, and the lower part is divided into an inner layer and an outer layer; high-pressure residual liquid enters the interlayer from the lower side of one side of the device, enters the upper part of the device from a channel on the other side, and lubricating oil and residual liquid gas are separated by filtering a lubricating oil layer; the residual liquid gas is discharged from an exhaust port after passing through a filtering lubricating oil layer, the lubricating oil falls into an oil collector at the lower part of the device from the filtering lubricating oil layer, when the liquid level of the oil collector rises to a certain height, a float ball valve group is opened, and the lubricating oil flows back into a vacuum compressor unit; if the oil level of the lubricating oil drops to a certain position, the floating ball valve group is automatically closed.
Preferably: a molecular sieve structure is adopted in a lubricating oil filtering layer of a lubricating oil filtering device, so that the concentration of lubricating oil in residual liquid is reduced to about 10 mg/L.
Preferably: the hose is an explosion-proof, high-pressure-resistant and anti-corrosion hose.
The invention also discloses a processing method of the steel cylinder recovery device, which comprises the steel cylinder recovery device and is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: judging whether the residual gas in the steel cylinder is consistent with the specified substance of the steel cylinder nameplate or not;
step 2: connecting the steel cylinder to a busbar in the oven, and opening a gas return valve;
and step 3: observing the pressure through a pressure transmitter, controlling the opening of an electromagnetic valve at the outlet of the steel cylinder to control the pressure of a bus to be less than or equal to 0.5MPa, and closing a gas return valve and closing the steel cylinder valve when the steel cylinder valve is completely opened and the pressure of the bus is less than or equal to 0.02 MPa;
and 4, step 4: opening a nitrogen valve, pressurizing the busbar and a steel cylinder connecting hose by using nitrogen, performing leakage test on the joint of the valve by using leakage test liquid when the pressure reaches 0.35MPa, and keeping the pressure for 30min until the pressure is not reduced to be qualified;
and 5: opening a valve of the steel cylinder, filling nitrogen into the steel cylinder to reach 0.35MPa, continuing to test leakage of a valve interface, an explosion venting port and a bottleneck of the steel cylinder after the pressure is stable, and ensuring that no leakage point exists and the pressure is not changed for 30min to be qualified;
step 6: starting an electric heating device in the oven to heat the steel cylinder, opening a valve of the steel cylinder to vent nitrogen, controlling the heating temperature, starting a vacuum compressor to evacuate the steel cylinder, evacuating for 120min, conveying residual liquid in the steel cylinder into a residual liquid steel cylinder, and stopping electric heating;
and 7: filling the qualified product into a steel cylinder, keeping the pressure to 0.1MPa, and keeping the pressure to avoid air from entering the cylinder to influence the product quality;
and 8: and (5) maintaining the pressure, then sending to filling analysis, and filling the product after the analysis is qualified.
The invention also discloses a steel bottle recovery station, which is characterized in that: comprises a treatment method of a steel cylinder recovery device to realize the recovery of residual liquid in a steel cylinder.
Advantageous effects
The potential safety hazard investigation at the initial stage of steel cylinder recycling treatment is realized by judging whether the residual liquid in the steel cylinder is consistent with the regulated substances of the steel cylinder nameplate.
The residual liquid in the steel cylinder is safely and accurately treated by controlling the electromagnetic valve in the steel cylinder recovery treatment device.
The problem of the customer end returns the steel bottle and recycles is solved, improve steel bottle operating capacity, reduce the influence of retrieving the steel bottle to the product and fill dress quality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the steel cylinder recycling device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing the control of the solenoid valve of the steel cylinder recycling device of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The steel cylinder recovery device comprises an oven, a bus bar, a pressure transmitter, a gas return valve, a vacuum pumping valve, a nitrogen valve, a hose, a condensing device and a residual liquid steel cylinder; a plurality of steel cylinders to be treated are arranged in the oven; the pressure transmitter is used for monitoring the pressure at the outlet of the steel cylinder; the gas return valve, the nitrogen valve and the vacuum pumping valve are connected with the steel cylinder through hoses; the condensing device is connected with the residual liquid steel cylinder, and residual gas treated by the vacuum compressor unit is cooled into liquid by the condensing device and then flows into the residual liquid steel cylinder; the gas return valve, the nitrogen valve, the vacuumizing valve and the steel cylinder valve are electromagnetic valves, and the opening and closing of the valves are controlled through a control system.
The client returns to the steel bottle and is analyzed by company quality testing personnel to judge whether the residual gas is consistent with the substance indicated by the bottle body, and after the analysis is finished, the residual gas in the bottle is pumped out and returned to the production system, and the specific operation steps are as follows:
step 1: judging whether the residual gas in the steel cylinder is consistent with the specified substances of the steel cylinder nameplate or not, and carrying out primary detection on the residual gas by a corresponding detector according to the types of the substances filled in the recovery steel cylinder in the step, because the residual gas is not only filled with any type of compound, the proportion of the main components in the residual liquid (gas) is the most, therefore, based on the characteristics, the most basic judgment can be made by only adopting a corresponding compound detector filled in a steel cylinder, although this step appears to be obvious, it is often ignored by the recovery unit, thereby causing the recovered residual liquid (gas) to be mixed with the residual liquid (gas) in the steel cylinder due to the inconsistency between the residual liquid (gas) in the steel cylinder and the mark of the nameplate, when the concentration ratio of the two components reaches a certain concentration ratio, a chemical reaction occurs to cause production accidents, so the step 1 is a step which cannot be lacked in a steel cylinder recovery device;
step 2: connecting the steel cylinder to a busbar in the oven, and opening a gas return valve;
and step 3: monitoring pressure through a pressure transmitter, feeding pressure monitoring data back to a control system, controlling the opening of an electromagnetic valve at the outlet of the steel cylinder through the control system to control the pressure of a bus to be less than or equal to 0.5MPa, and closing a gas return valve and closing the steel cylinder valve when the steel cylinder valve is completely opened and the pressure of the bus is less than or equal to 0.02 MPa;
and 4, step 4: opening a nitrogen valve, pressurizing the busbar and a steel cylinder connecting hose by using nitrogen, performing leakage test on the joint of the valve by using leakage test liquid when the pressure reaches 0.35MPa, and keeping the pressure for 30min until the pressure is not reduced to be qualified;
and 5: opening a valve of the steel cylinder, filling nitrogen into the steel cylinder to reach 0.35MPa, continuing to test leakage of a valve interface, an explosion venting port and a bottleneck of the steel cylinder after the pressure is stable, and ensuring that no leakage point exists and the pressure is not changed for 30min to be qualified;
step 6: starting an electric heating device in the oven to heat the steel cylinder, opening a valve of the steel cylinder to vent nitrogen, controlling the heating temperature, starting a vacuum compressor to evacuate the steel cylinder, evacuating for 120min, and stopping electric heating; the vacuumizing compressor set has the function of compressing low-pressure residual gas in the steel cylinder into high-pressure gas and releasing the high-pressure gas into the condensing device, and the high-pressure gas is converted into liquid in the condensing device and then is filled into the residual liquid steel cylinder.
And 7: filling qualified product gas into a steel cylinder, keeping the pressure to reach 0.1MPa, maintaining the pressure and avoiding the influence of air entering the cylinder on the product quality;
and 8: and (5) maintaining the pressure, then sending to filling analysis, and filling the product after the analysis is qualified.
The invention is provided with a gas-liquid separating device which comprises a cylinder body, a floating ball, a circuit breaking valve and a blow-off valve component, wherein the gas-liquid separating device comprises a gas-liquid separating device, a gas-liquid separating device and a blow-off valve component; when the residual liquid (gas) enters the gas-liquid separator carelessly, the entering residual liquid can make the floating ball float, close the circuit breaking valve and prevent the residual liquid from entering the compressor of the vacuum compressor unit. In addition, in order to prevent impurities such as rust in the steel cylinder from blowing into the vacuum compressor unit along with the air flow, a filter screen assembly is arranged on one side of the air-liquid separation device, a stainless steel filter screen filter element is arranged in the filter screen assembly, an air inlet of the supercooling component is communicated with the four-way valve, when the air flow enters the filter screen assembly through the four-way valve, the impurities in the air flow are blocked in the filter screen, and the clean air flow flows into the air-liquid separation device through an inner hole of the filter screen, so that the air flow entering the vacuum compressor unit is clean.
In addition, lubricating oil is dissolved in the raffinate in the steel cylinder to different degrees, so that the raffinate with a small amount of lubricating oil is easy to bring the lubricating oil into the condensing device, the heat exchange function of the condensing device is further influenced, and the lubricating oil is increased in loss when flowing into the raffinate steel cylinder; therefore, the lubricating oil filtering device is additionally arranged in the vacuum compressor unit and comprises a residual liquid inlet and outlet, a lubricating oil filtering layer, a floating ball valve group and a device shell; the device is divided into an upper part and a lower part, and the lower part is divided into an inner layer and an outer layer; high-pressure residual liquid enters the interlayer from the lower side of one side of the device, enters the upper part of the device from a channel on the other side, and lubricating oil and residual liquid gas are separated by filtering a lubricating oil layer; the residual liquid gas is discharged from an exhaust port after passing through a filtering lubricating oil layer, the lubricating oil falls into an oil collector at the lower part of the device from the filtering lubricating oil layer, when the liquid level of the oil collector rises to a certain height, a float ball valve group is opened, and the lubricating oil flows back into a vacuum compressor unit; if the oil level of the lubricating oil drops to a certain position, the floating ball valve group is automatically closed; a molecular sieve structure is adopted in a lubricating oil filtering layer of a lubricating oil filtering device, so that the concentration of lubricating oil in residual liquid is reduced to about 10 mg/L.
The condensing device is connected with the raffinate steel cylinder, and residual gas treated by the vacuum compressor unit is cooled into liquid by the condensing device and then flows into the raffinate steel cylinder. The condenser functions to condense the high pressure gas into a liquid. In order to save cost, the condenser designed by the invention adopts a shell-and-tube heat exchanger developed by the applicant, and the design size, algorithm and the like of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger adopt original data. The shell pass of the condenser is cooling water, the tube pass is residual liquid gas output by the vacuum compressor unit, and the two partitions exchange heat. After the heat exchange is finished, the vapor phase in the tube pass is completely condensed into liquid, the liquid is called a full condenser, and the condensed residual liquid gas is transmitted into a liquefied gas steel cylinder through an electromagnetic valve.
The structural design of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger considers factors including parameters of baffle plates, specification and arrangement mode of heat exchange tubes, total heat transfer coefficient, tube pass pressure variation and the like, and selection parameters of the components are explained in detail below.
The invention adopts the stainless steel plate heat exchanger with rectangular corrugation as the heat transfer element, generally, the heat transfer coefficient of the plate heat exchanger is 2-3 times of that of the traditional shell type heat exchanger, and the invention has compact structure and small occupied space, which meets the requirement of the tower-top condenser.
Heat load Q calculation formula: q ═ Qm1c1Δt1＝qm2c2Δt2 (2-1)
In the formula: q. q.sm1、qm2The mass flow rates of hot fluid and cold fluid are kg/h respectively; c. C1、c2The specific heat capacities of the hot and cold fluids, J/(kg.k), respectively; Δ t1、Δt2The temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of hot and cold fluid respectively is DEG C. The correlation data is taken into formula (2-1) to obtain Q, 2036.2 Kw.
The logarithmic mean temperature difference Δ T is:
wherein T1 and T2 are inlet temperature and outlet temperature of the hot fluid respectively at DEG C. Substituting T1 ═ 63.1 ℃, T2 ═ 35 ℃, T2 ═ 35 ℃, T1 ═ 30 ℃ into (2-2) formula gives Δ T ═ 13.38 ℃.
The overall heat transfer coefficient K is calculated by the formula:
in the formula, the film heat transfer coefficients of the hot side and the cold side are W/(m)2·K)；r1、r2Thermal resistances of the hot and cold sides, m2、K/W。
The expression of the film heat transfer coefficient h is:
in the formula: λ is the thermal conductivity, W/(m.K); d is the diameter of the flow channel, m; re is Reynolds number, Pr is Plantet number, and c, m, and n are coefficients.
The hot side and cold side film heat transfer coefficients are obtained by a well-known algorithm as follows: h isH＝1356.87W/(m2.K)；hc＝7882.37W/(m2K) substitution into (2-3) gives K ═ 689.602W/(m)2K), the heat transfer area a is 220.7m obtained from the heat transfer formula Q, AK Δ T2Selecting the area A0＝270m2The area allowance is as follows: c is A0/A-1＝22.3％。
The baffle plate in the condenser is designed in a horizontal segmental shape, the height of the arch-shaped notch is 10-40% of the inner diameter of the shell, and the baffle plate is 25% in the invention. The height h of the cut segment is 175mm, so the h is 175 mm. The partition between the baffle and the inner diameter of the shell was chosen to be 4 mm. The spacing between baffles is typically 0.2 to 1.0 times the internal diameter of the shell. If the distance between the baffles is 0.8D, the distance B is 560 mm. The thickness of the baffle plate and the unsupported span can be 6mm according to standard values. The pitch was 210 mm.
The most common regular triangle arrangement is adopted on the heat exchanger tube plate, the tube pitch is generally one fourth of the outer diameter of the tube, the outer diameter of the tube is 25mm according to the common tube center distance arrangement in the process operation, and the corresponding center distance is 32 mm.
PID control principle design of electromagnetic valve
The electromagnetic valve is an electrical, mechanical and hydraulic coupling comprehensive device, and mainly comprises: when the electromagnetic valve is electrified, a certain electromagnetic force can be generated by the proportional electromagnet according to the current, and the current and the electromagnetic force are in an approximately linear change relationship, so that the larger the current is, the larger the electromagnetic force is correspondingly, when the electromagnetic force is larger than the sum of spring force, friction force and the like, the electromagnet can push the valve core to move, fluid enters the electromagnetic valve from the inlet, the fluid is output from the outlet and is converted into pressure, and the opening size of the proportional electromagnetic valve is continuously adjusted according to the relationship between the flow and the pressure, so that the output control of the flow is realized.
The invention adopts a PID electromagnetic valve control strategy based on fuzzy control, establishes a transfer function of the nonlinear change of the electromagnetic valve according to the working characteristics of the electromagnetic valve, and then utilizes a Smith pre-estimation compensation controller and a PID controller to form a mixed controller to realize the feedforward compensation of the control error of the electromagnetic valve.
During the working process of the electromagnetic valve, the following mathematical model of the electromagnetic valve transfer function is established:
in the formula, Us is a duty ratio, t is a lag time, ζ is a damping coefficient, ω n is an undamped hydraulic natural frequency, and s is a laplacian operator.
The input and output of the control object are respectively set as: r (t) and y (t), the deviation e (t) between the two is:
e(t)＝r(t)-y(t)
the control object is controlled through difference and integration, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
in the formula, kP is a proportionality coefficient, and influences the response speed and the accuracy of the system; ki is an integral coefficient, and the steady-state precision of the system is influenced; kd is a differential coefficient and influences the dynamic characteristics of the system; ti is an integral time constant; t isDIs a differential time constant; since the control object processes mathematical signals, the output control quantity of the digital PID controller needs to be obtained by sampling the deviation value of the time:
t is a sampling period: order to
Represents the integration coefficient:
representing the differential coefficient
u (k) is the output value at kT sampling time; e (k) is the control error at kT sampling time; k is a sampling number, k is 0, 1, 2 …
In solenoid valve control, an incremental control strategy is employed, so there are:
u(k)＝u(k-1)-Δu(k)
Δu(k)＝kp[e(k)-e(k-1)]+kie(k)+kd[e(k)-2e(k-1)+e(k-2)]
the PID control effect is often evaluated according to the output error of the solenoid valve control system, and comprises the following steps:
when the system is interfered by external factors, the overshoot of the electromagnetic valve can be increased rapidly, so that the overshoot is introduced into the optimization control objective function of the electromagnetic valve, and the following results are obtained:
in the formula, pi, i ═ 1, 2, and 3 are weights, and tu represents an overshoot time.
Because the working performance of the PID controller is closely related to values of kp, ki and kd, the kp, ki and kd of the traditional PID controller adopt a fixed mode, and the electromagnetic valve has strong time-varying property and non-stationarity, the values of kp, ki and kd are continuously adjusted in real time to track the change situation of the proportional electromagnetic valve.
The invention introduces a BP neural network control algorithm to realize automatic adjustment of values of kp, ki and kd, and eliminates control errors caused by time-varying property and non-stationarity of the electromagnetic valve so as to improve the control precision of the control system.
The input of the BP neural network input neuron node is set as follows: xi, i ═ 1, 2, …, M, where M denotes the number of neuron nodes, then the neuron node inputs and outputs of the hidden layer can be expressed as:
in the formula: j is 1, 2, …. In the formula, wjiRepresenting the connection weight between the input and the hidden layer node, yj(k) Representing the output of the hidden layer node. By the same principle, the input and output of the output layer neuron node of the BP neural network can be obtained as follows:
the output error of the control system is e (k), and the neuron weight of the output layer is corrected by adopting a gradient descent algorithm, so that the e (k) meets the actual application requirements, specifically:
in the formula: η is the learning rate and α is the smoothing factor, where:
in summary, the following can be found:
the method comprises the following steps of adjusting the weight of the neuron node of the output layer, specifically:
meanwhile, the weight of the hidden layer neuron node of the neural network is adjusted as follows:
because the weight of the BP neural network also needs to be continuously optimized to enable the BP neural network to obtain a better structure, the invention further increases the insect algorithm to optimize the initial parameters of the PID neural network.
The insect optimization algorithm is a novel colony intelligent optimization algorithm which is proposed in 2012 by the university professor and simulates the foraging behavior of an insect colony, and the optimization process is as follows:
step 1: initialization: setting relevant parameter values such as initial population size (popsize), iteration number (maxgen), insect optimizing range (LR) and single maximum flight distance (FR). The position information of the individual in the insect population is given by the corresponding two-dimensional coordinates (X; Y), and the initial position is generated in the following way:
step 2: olfactory search: randomly giving the individual a flying direction and distance, and the new position of the individual is as follows:
calculating the distance DIST from the insect individual to the origin of coordinatesi：
Calculating the judgment value S of taste concentrationi
Calculating the taste concentration value Smell of each individual of the current insect populationi
Smelli＝Fitness(Si)
Fitness is used to calculate the Fitness of the taste concentration, and when solving a particular problem, Fitness represents the Fitness function or
An objective function. After all Smell is calculatediThen, recording the fitness value and the position information of the insect individual with the best fitness value in the current insect population:
[bestSmell；bestIndex]＝min/max(Smell)
and step 3: visual search
Other insects in the population fly by visual function to the location of the insect with the best fitness value:
SmellBest＝bestSmell
and 4, step 4: and (5) repeating the step 2 and the step 3 until the iteration number of the algorithm reaches maxgen.
In order to obtain a satisfactory control effect, the integral of the absolute value of the control error e of the pressure to the time is used as an objective function of an improved insect algorithm; in order to avoid the pressure overshoot, a penalty function is adopted, and the overshoot of the pressure of the residual liquid (gas) is used as a penalty item of an objective function. The objective function is calculated as:
in the formula: error (k) is the control error at time kT; kc is a penalty coefficient, and kc is greater than 1.
The parameters to be optimized of the neural network PID controller are a central value cij of a membership function, a width value bij of the membership function and a network weight wij between a fuzzy inference layer and an output layer. The number of input variables of the fuzzy neural network is 2, each input variable corresponds to 5 fuzzy subsets, and the number of elements of a central value matrix cij of the membership function and a width value matrix bij of the membership function is 10. The fuzzy inference layer has 25 fuzzy rules in total, and the number of variables of the output layer is 3, so that the number of elements in the network weight matrix wij between the fuzzy inference layer and the output layer is 75.
The variable dimension dim of the improved insect algorithm is set to 95, the insect population number popsize is set to 100, and the maximum iteration number maxgen is set to 500. In order to improve the optimization efficiency, the value range LR and the flight radius FR of the initial solution of each variable are set according to the potential solution range of each variable.
The central value cij [ -0.41,4.19, -0.32, -2.60,0.52 of the membership function of the neural network PID controller; -2.03, -0.09,3.96, -0.53,5.42], width value bij of membership function ═ 1.02,1.92,1.66,0.24, 0.65; 1.23,1.70,2.02,2.51,1.43].
Compared with the FNN-PID before optimization, the LMFOA-FNN-PID controller optimized based on the improved insect algorithm is subjected to simulation test by using a step signal as input through the existing simulation software, the rise time of the system output is shortened by 44.1%, the overshoot is reduced by 76.5%, the adjusting time is shortened by 75.3%, and the three indexes of the response time, the overshoot and the adjusting time are greatly superior to those of the PID controller.
Hardware structure of solenoid valve control:
because the electromagnetic valves are arranged more, in order to accurately control the opening and closing states of the electromagnetic valves at all parts, the invention adopts the PLC as a control system of the steel cylinder recovery processing device with the controller and the touch screen as a human-computer interaction interface, selects the Siemens S7-1500 series PLC with rich extended functions and stronger computing power, and selects the Siemens TP1200 Comfort touch screen as an upper computer.
A pressure transmitter is a metering device that converts pressure into a deliverable, standardized output signal, and which has a functional relationship, typically a linear function, between the output signal and the pressure. The pressure transmitter is mainly used for measuring pressure parameters in industrial processes, and the principle of the pressure transmitter is that a resistance strain gauge is tightly adhered to a strain base body through a certain special adhesive, and when the base body is stressed to generate strain, the resistance strain gauge is deformed along with the base body, so that the resistance value of the resistance strain gauge is changed, and the voltage at two ends of a resistor is also changed. The pressure transmitter selected by the invention is Sendai DG1300-BZ-B-2-0.2/AH/CD5,
the electromagnetic valves selected by the invention include but are not limited to the series of electromagnetic valves produced by Chongqing Pan constant valve company Limited, such as the series of gas electromagnetic valves DN200, the series of natural gas electromagnetic valves and the series of liquefied gas and gas electromagnetic valves.
The Siemens S7-1500PLC integrates a function block of PID control, the input and the output of the steel cylinder recovery processing system are continuously changed analog quantities, and the CONT _ C (FB41) in the function block controls the pressure. The ONT _ C command controls a process with continuous input and output analog quantities, and can realize proportional, integral and differential single control or combined control by distributing relevant parameters. The instruction can also realize PID control with dead zone, PID control of anti-integral saturation, PID control of incomplete differential and the like.
The running period of the PID controller is consistent with the sampling period, the output value of the system is calculated once in each sampling period, therefore, a PID function block needs to be called in a cycle interruption block of the PLC, a 'cycle interruption' OB block is built in the control, the cycle time is set to be 1000 mus, the cycle time is the same as the sampling time of the pressurization control system, the cycle interruption OB block runs once every 1000 mus without being influenced by the system cycle, the current theoretical pressure value is calculated through the accumulation of the pressurization speed, a PID basic function CONT _ C is called in the system interruption block, a corresponding background data block 'CONT _ C _ DB' is added, and a corresponding variable is added to a pin of the CONT _ C function block.
The use mode of the PID basic function CONT _ C in the electromagnetic valve opening and closing control link of the system is as follows: the MAN _ ON pin is connected with a normally open point, and manual control is not used; the PVPER _ ON pin is connected with a normally open point, and the process variable IW is not directly used; the pins P _ SEL, I _ SEL and D _ SEL are connected with a normally closed point, and the combined control of proportion, integration and differentiation is realized. The sampling period of the PID is 1ms, the variable connected with the SP _ INT pin is the current theoretical pressure value, and the variable connected with the PV _ IN pin is the current actual pressure value. The GAIN, TI and TD pins are respectively connected with the setting values of proportional GAIN, integral time and differential time. The range of the regulating value output by the PID is limited to be 0-100, the output regulating value is converted to control the analog quantity output of the electric proportional valve, and the feedback of the PLC to the pressure of the residual liquid is realized, so that the PID control of the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve is realized.
The method comprises the following steps that a CONT _ C function block integrated in S7-1500PLC can realize solenoid valve opening and closing PID control, if the neural network PID control is to be realized, a fuzzy neural network function block needs to be written for calculating a corrected value of a PID parameter, an FB program block is newly established according to the principle of the neural network, required variables are defined in a block interface, a fuzzy neural network program is written by adopting an SCL language, a FNN-PID function block is generated after compiling, the FNN-PID function is called in a cycle interrupt program block, and when the FNN-PID control is activated, the initial parameter of the neural network is initialized in the first period of program scanning: a membership function central value matrix c1[1..2,1..5], a membership function width matrix b1[1..2,1..5], a weight matrix w [1..3,1..25] between the fuzzy inference layer and the output layer and other parameters. And calling a PID parameter conversion function block in the loop interruption program block, when FNN-PID control is activated, calculating output values of dkp, dki and dkd by the FNN-PID function block according to the input values of error and error _ C, and converting the output values to be input of three pins of a PID basic function CONT _ C function block GAIN, TI and TD to realize the dynamic adjustment of PID parameters. In the execution process of the cycle interruption program block, if the FNN-PID is activated to be in a normally open state, the PLC realizes PID control on opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve, and parameters of the PID are set through the HMI. If the FNN-PID activation is in a normally closed state, the FNN-PID function block calculates the corrected value of the PID parameter according to the current state of the system, and then the corrected value is converted into the input of pins GAIN, TI and TD of the CONT _ C function block through the PID parameter conversion function block, so that the pressure PID control of the neural network is realized, and the accurate control of the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve is further realized.
By accurately controlling the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve and simultaneously controlling the heating temperature, starting the vacuum compressor to evacuate the steel cylinder, evacuating for 120min, conveying residual liquid in the steel cylinder into a residual liquid steel cylinder, and simultaneously stopping electric heating; when the residual liquid in the steel cylinder is pumped out, filling the qualified product into the steel cylinder, keeping the pressure to reach 0.1MPa, and keeping the pressure to avoid air from entering the cylinder to influence the product quality; and after pressure maintaining, feeding the product into filling analysis, and after the product is qualified by the analysis, filling the product.
The invention also discloses a steel bottle recovery station, which is characterized in that: comprises a treatment method of a steel cylinder recovery device to realize the recovery of residual liquid in a steel cylinder.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (7)
1. The steel cylinder recovery device comprises an oven, a bus bar, a pressure transmitter, a gas return valve, a vacuum pumping valve, a nitrogen valve, a hose, a condensing device and a residual liquid steel cylinder; it is characterized in that: a plurality of steel cylinders to be treated are arranged in the oven; the pressure transmitter is used for monitoring the pressure at the outlet of the steel cylinder; the gas return valve, the nitrogen valve and the vacuum pumping valve are connected with the steel cylinder through hoses; the condensing device is connected with the residual liquid steel cylinder, and residual gas treated by the vacuum compressor unit is cooled into liquid by the condensing device and then flows into the residual liquid steel cylinder; the gas return valve, the nitrogen valve, the vacuumizing valve and the steel cylinder valve are electromagnetic valves, and the opening and closing of the valves are controlled by a control system; the condensing device is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger; the shell pass of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger is cooling water, the tube pass is residual liquid gas output by the vacuum compressor unit, and the wall heat exchange between the shell pass and the tube pass is carried out; after the heat exchange is finished, all vapor phases in the tube pass are condensed into liquid, and the condensed residual liquid gas is transmitted into a liquefied gas steel cylinder through an electromagnetic valve; the vacuum compressor unit comprises a lubricating oil filtering device, and the lubricating oil filtering device comprises a residual liquid inlet and outlet, a lubricating oil filtering layer, a floating ball valve group and a device shell; the device is divided into an upper part and a lower part, and the lower part is divided into an inner layer and an outer layer; high-pressure residual liquid enters the interlayer from the lower side of one side of the device, enters the upper part of the device from a channel on the other side, and lubricating oil and residual liquid gas are separated by filtering a lubricating oil layer; the residual liquid gas is discharged from an exhaust port after passing through a filtering lubricating oil layer, the lubricating oil falls into an oil collector at the lower part of the device from the filtering lubricating oil layer, when the liquid level of the oil collector rises to a certain height, a float ball valve group is opened, and the lubricating oil flows back into a vacuum compressor unit; if the oil level of the lubricating oil drops to a certain position, the floating ball valve group is automatically closed.
2. The cylinder recovery apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the oven is a temperature-controllable oven.
3. The cylinder recovery apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: the shell-and-tube heat exchanger adopts a stainless steel plate with rectangular corrugations as a heat transfer element; the baffle plate in the heat exchanger is designed in a horizontal segmental shape.
4. The cylinder recovery apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the molecular sieve structure is adopted in the lubricating oil filtering layer of the lubricating oil filtering device, so that the concentration of the lubricating oil in the residual liquid is reduced to 10 mg/L.
5. The cylinder recovery apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the hose is an explosion-proof, high-pressure-resistant and anti-corrosion hose.
6. A method of treating a cylinder recovery apparatus comprising the cylinder recovery apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: judging whether the residual gas in the steel cylinder is consistent with the specified substance of the steel cylinder nameplate or not;
step 2: connecting the steel cylinder to a busbar in the oven, and opening a gas return valve;
and step 3: monitoring the pressure through a pressure transmitter, controlling the opening of an electromagnetic valve at the outlet of the steel cylinder through a control system to control the pressure of a bus to be less than or equal to 0.5MPa, and closing a gas return valve and closing the steel cylinder valve when the steel cylinder valve is completely opened and the pressure of the bus is less than or equal to 0.02 MPa;
and 4, step 4: opening a nitrogen valve, pressurizing the busbar and a steel cylinder connecting hose by using nitrogen, performing leakage test on the joint of the valve by using leakage test liquid when the pressure reaches 0.35MPa, and keeping the pressure for 30min until the pressure is not reduced to be qualified;
and 5: opening a valve of the steel cylinder, filling nitrogen into the steel cylinder to reach 0.35MPa, continuing to test leakage of a valve interface, an explosion venting port and a bottleneck of the steel cylinder after the pressure is stable, and ensuring that no leakage point exists and the pressure is not changed for 30min to be qualified;
step 6: starting an electric heating device in the oven to heat the steel cylinder, opening a valve of the steel cylinder to vent nitrogen, controlling the heating temperature, starting a vacuum compressor to evacuate the steel cylinder, evacuating for 120min, conveying residual liquid in the steel cylinder into a residual liquid steel cylinder, and stopping electric heating;
and 7: filling the qualified product into a steel cylinder, keeping the pressure to 0.1MPa, and keeping the pressure to avoid air from entering the cylinder to influence the product quality;
and 8: and (5) maintaining the pressure, then sending to filling analysis, and filling the product after the analysis is qualified.
7. The steel bottle recovery station is characterized in that: the method comprises recovering the residual liquid in the steel cylinder by the steel cylinder recovery device of claim 6.
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| US6158234A (en) * | 1999-02-23 | 2000-12-12 | Szutu; Hui Jen | Self-cooled refrigerant recovery system |
| KR20100137954A (en) * | 2009-06-24 | 2010-12-31 | 오석인 | Direct condensing and recycle system for liquefied gas |
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