CN113006868A - Method for evaluating influence of deep well heat damage on human body working efficiency - Google Patents
Method for evaluating influence of deep well heat damage on human body working efficiency Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an evaluation method for the influence of deep well heat damage on the working efficiency of a human body, which comprises the following steps: step 1, in a first temperature range, the temperature is higher, and the influence of underground climate regulation on the working efficiency of a human body is considered from the aspects of temperature, wind speed and the like according to a human body heat balance equation; and 2, in a second temperature range, the temperature is comfortable, and the human thermal comfort degree in a comfortable thermal environment is evaluated according to an index equation in the thermal comfort evaluation process, namely a PMV index, from six factors of ambient air flow rate, air temperature, relative humidity, ambient average radiation temperature, human metabolic rate and clothing thermal resistance. The evaluation method for the influence of the heat damage of the deep well on the working efficiency of the human body is based on the human body heat balance equation and the comfort evaluation index, comprehensively considers the influence of the environmental temperature, the relative humidity, the air flow rate, the personnel clothing degree, the activity of personnel and the like on the working efficiency of the human body, and provides technical support for improving the working state of miners.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of deep well heat damage, in particular to an evaluation method for the influence of deep well heat damage on the working efficiency of a human body.
Background
The environmental temperature directly influences the heat sensation of the human body through the sensible heat exchange of convection and radiation, and is a main factor influencing the heat comfort of the human body. The human body has sensitive feeling to the temperature and has a certain limit to the tolerance capability of the high temperature, and when the air temperature of a mine is higher than 32 degrees, the self-regulation capability of various physiological functions and psychology of miners is weakened, so the operation in the environment of more than 32 degrees is generally called high-temperature environment operation. The operator can self-adjust to a certain degree in the high-temperature working environment to adapt to the environment of the operator. However, if the environmental temperature exceeds the limit of the self-regulating ability of the human body, the human body will be affected and damaged to a certain extent, which mainly means that the body cannot sufficiently dissipate heat, and the body temperature and the skin temperature rise. When the air temperature is higher than 38 degrees, the body temperature balance adjusting capability of the machine body is damaged, and the proportion of people with abnormal body temperature is greatly increased. In addition, the nerve conduction of the body becomes slow under the action of high temperature, which causes a series of adverse reactions of the human body, such as the reduction of excitation degree of the nervous system, the increase of conditioned reflex time, the reduction of memory, the reduction of working capacity, coordination capacity and operation accuracy of the body, the increase of fatigue degree, and can also cause operation errors which can not occur in normal environment. Therefore, the influence of high-temperature thermal injury is one of the main sources of safety accidents in deep well operation, and the important aim of ensuring the thermal comfort of a human body in spacious work is the thermal injury research.
Human thermal comfort is the final manifestation of the result of the combined action of various factors in mines. The method is the most important and direct evaluation index for the working efficiency, so the index of the thermal comfort evaluation of the human body in the mine thermal environment must be researched. Numerous studies have demonstrated that factors related to the thermal comfort of the human body can be considered both from the environmental point of view and from the personnel themselves, including the ambient temperature, the relative humidity, the air flow rate and the degree of clothing and activity of the personnel. However, considering special underground operation environment, such as narrow space, insufficient light, special operation type and high risk, the factors influencing thermal comfort are complex, and external and internal factors such as air quality, dressing feeling, body fatigue degree and mental state during work in an underground roadway influence the thermal comfort of human bodies. Therefore, the influence of the heat damage of the deep well on the working efficiency of the human body needs to be comprehensively analyzed from a plurality of factors.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an evaluation method for the influence of deep well heat damage on the working efficiency of a human body, which comprehensively considers the influence of the environmental temperature, the relative humidity, the air flow rate, the clothing degree of personnel, the activity of the personnel and the like on the working efficiency of the human body based on a human body heat balance equation and a comfort evaluation index and provides technical support for improving the working state of spacious workers.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a method for evaluating the influence of deep well heat damage on human body working efficiency comprises the following steps:
M-W±C±R-E＝S (1)
wherein M is the metabolism rate of the human body; w is the heat consumed by the muscle to do mechanical work; c is heat absorption or heat dissipation of the human body and the surrounding environment in a convection conduction mode, wherein the heat absorption quantity is used as plus, and the heat dissipation quantity is used as minus; r is heat absorbed or emitted from the outer surface of the human body to the surrounding environment in a radiation mode, the absorbed heat is plus, and the emitted heat is minus; e is the heat taken away by the human body through the water vapor evaporated or exhaled by the sweat on the surface of the skin; s is the heat stored in the human body;
PMV＝(0.028+0.3033e-0.036M)H (2)
wherein M is the metabolism rate of the human body; h is the clothing thermal resistance of the human body, and the expression is as follows:
wherein M is the human body's metabolic rate in W/M2(ii) a W is the heat consumed by the muscle to do mechanical work, unit W/m2；PaThe pressure is the water vapor partial pressure of the air around the human body in Pa; t is taThe temperature of air around a human body is unit ℃;
is the ambient average radiant temperature in units; f. ofclIs the ratio of the external surface area of the clothes to the surface area of the naked human body when the human body wears clothes; t is tclThe average temperature of human skin is unit ℃; h iscFor convective heat transfer coefficient, unit W/m2·K。
Further, in step 1:
for the metabolism rate M of the human body, the labor intensity of underground workers is on the middle upper level, and the following formula is used for calculating:
M＝352(0.23RQ+0.77)VO2/AD (1-1)
in the formula, RQRepresenting the respiratory entropy, and the value is 0.83-1.00 without dimension; vO2The volume of oxygen consumed in unit time at 0 ℃ and under the atmospheric pressure of 101.325kPa is expressed in L/min; a. theDRepresenting the surface area of human skin in m2；
The heat quantity W consumed by the mechanical work of the muscle is calculated by the following formula:
W＝ηM (1-2)
in the formula, eta represents mechanical efficiency, which is the condition that a human body does mechanical work to the outside, the miners do moderate or heavy work under the mine, and the mechanical efficiency is 10 percent;
for the heat absorption capacity or heat dissipation capacity C of the human body and the surrounding environment in a convection conduction mode, the calculation formula is as follows:
C＝fclhc×(tsk-ta) (1-3)
in the formula, tskCalculating the average temperature of human skin as follows:
tsk＝0.94×(30+0.138ta+0.254φP-0.57v+0.00128M-0.553Icl)+2.15 (1-4)
wherein phi is relative humidity, IclThe clothing thermal resistance is shown, v is the wind speed, and P is the corresponding saturated vapor pressure at the air temperature;
hcthe heat convection coefficient is expressed, air in the mine thermal environment is forced convection, and the heat convection coefficient is suitable for the Fanger equation:
hc＝12.1v0.5 (1-5)
wherein the mine wind speed v is related to the section of the roadway;
for the heat R absorbed or emitted by the human body outer surface to the surrounding environment in the form of radiation, the calculation formula is as follows:
R＝fefffclεhr(tcl-tm) (1-6)
in the formula: f. ofeffIs the effective radiation area coefficient, i.e. the ratio of the effective radiation area of the wearer's body to the total external surface area; epsilon is the average emissivity of the human body surface, and epsilon is 0.97; h isrIs linear radiation heat transfer coefficient, unit W/(m)2·K)；tmThe average radiation temperature of the environment is unit ℃, and the difference between the average radiation temperature in the mine thermal environment and the dry bulb temperature is not large;
the heat E taken away by the human body through the water vapor evaporated or exhaled from the sweat on the surface of the skin is calculated according to the following formula:
E＝Cres+Eres+Edif (1-7)
in the formula, CresSensible heat loss during breathing: cres＝0.0014M(34-ta)；EresLatent heat loss on breathing: eres＝0.0173M×(5.87-φP)；EdifHeat loss for evaporation of water from the skin: edif＝3.054×(0.256tsk-3.37-φP)。
Further, in the step 2,
the calculation formula of the ratio of the external surface area of the clothes to the surface area of the naked human body when the human body wears clothes is as follows:
fcl＝1+0.3Icl (2-1)
the calculation formula of the average temperature of human skin is as follows:
tcl＝35.7-0.028M/AD (2-2)
ambient mean radiant temperature
Determination of (1): assuming that the ambient average radiation temperature is equal to the average temperature of the human skin, therefore,
according to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects: according to the evaluation method for the influence of the heat damage of the deep well on the working efficiency of the human body, under the condition that the physiological metabolism function is normal and under any environment and any metabolism intensity, no matter in a comfortable state or an uncomfortable state, the human body has a relational expression of heat generation quantity and heat dissipation quantity, namely a human body heat balance equation, the underground climate is adjusted by considering the three aspects of temperature, humidity and wind speed, and along with the increase of the temperature and the humidity, proper cooling equipment and ventilation equipment are used for improving the effects of heat dissipation and humidity reduction so as to enable the human body to be close to the heat balance state, namely comfortable feeling; the PMV index can be obtained by estimating the metabolic rate of human activity and the thermal resistance of the garment, is derived from the heat balance equation in the heat comfort state, and is used for evaluating the heat comfort degree in a relatively comfortable heat environment, and other environmental parameters are needed at the same time: the indoor air temperature, the average radiation temperature of the air, the relative air flow rate and the relative humidity of the air are comprehensively considered.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an evaluation method for evaluating the influence of deep well thermal damage on human body working efficiency according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship among temperature, humidity, and wind speed.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide an evaluation method for the influence of deep well heat damage on the working efficiency of a human body, which comprehensively considers the influence of the environmental temperature, the relative humidity, the air flow rate, the clothing degree of personnel, the activity of the personnel and the like on the working efficiency of the human body based on a human body heat balance equation and a comfort evaluation index and provides technical support for improving the working state of spacious workers.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an evaluation method for evaluating the influence of deep well thermal damage on human body working efficiency in an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the evaluation method for evaluating the influence of deep well thermal damage on human body working efficiency in an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
M-W±C±R-E＝S (1)
wherein M is the metabolism rate of the human body; w is the heat consumed by the muscle to do mechanical work; c is heat absorption or heat dissipation of the human body and the surrounding environment in a convection conduction mode, wherein the heat absorption quantity is used as plus, and the heat dissipation quantity is used as minus; r is heat absorbed or emitted from the outer surface of the human body to the surrounding environment in a radiation mode, the absorbed heat is plus, and the emitted heat is minus; e is the heat taken away by the human body through the water vapor evaporated or exhaled by the sweat on the surface of the skin; s is the heat stored in the human body; the units of the above parameters are W/m2；
For the metabolism rate M of the human body, the labor intensity of underground workers is on the middle upper level, and the following formula is used for calculating:
M＝352(0.23RQ+0.77)VO2/AD (1-1)
in the formula, RQRepresenting the respiratory entropy, having no dimension, and taking the value of 0.83-1.00 for mine workers as 1.00; vO2The volume of oxygen consumed in unit time at 0 ℃ and under the atmospheric pressure of 101.325kPa is expressed, the unit is L/min, and 1.2L/min is taken for mine workers; a. theDRepresenting the surface area of human skin in m2(ii) a Calculation of the skin surface area of the naked human body can be calculated using the formula proposed by d.dubois in 1916:
in the formula: m isb-human body weight, kg; h-height, m. Based on the average height of 1.73m and the weight of 65kg of miners, A isD＝1.77m2. According to the above data, the compound is substituted into formula (1-1) to obtain M239W/M2。
The heat quantity W consumed by the mechanical work of the muscle is calculated by the following formula:
W＝ηM (1-2)
in the formula, eta represents mechanical efficiency, which is the condition that a human body does mechanical work to the outside, the miners do moderate or heavy work under the mine, and the mechanical efficiency is 10 percent; through research and actual measurement, the mechanical efficiency of a human body is extremely low even when the human body does effective mechanical work, the maximum mechanical efficiency is not more than 20%, and for most activities, the mechanical efficiency of the human body is almost 0 and rarely exceeds 20%, which is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 mechanical efficiency of human body movements
The miners carry out moderate or heavy labor under the mine, and the mechanical efficiency is 10%.
W＝ηM＝10％×239W/m2＝23.9W/m2
For the heat absorption capacity or heat dissipation capacity C of the human body and the surrounding environment in a convection conduction mode, the calculation formula is as follows:
C＝fclhc×(tsk-ta) (1-3)
in the formula (f)clThe dimensionless, garment area factor, defined as the ratio of the body surface area of the garment to the surface area of the bare body, is typically greater than 1 after the garment is worn, since the corresponding surface area is increased, and if the bare body is, the factor is 1. In general, the formula used in the calculation is in accordance with the following table 2:
TABLE 2 relationship between area factor and thermal resistance of garments
From this table, it can be seen that in this calculation: f. ofcl＝1.05+0.1Icl，IclThe clothing thermal resistance is obtained by looking up a table. As determined in table 3 below, the value of the miner's clothing was 0.6 calculated from the thin upper garment (both long sleeves); thus f can be calculatedcl＝1.11。
TABLE 3 clothes and clothes thermal resistance value corresponding table
In the formula, tskCalculating the average temperature of human skin as follows:
tsk＝0.94×(30+0.138ta+0.254φP-0.57v+0.00128M-0.553Icl)+2.15 (1-4)
wherein phi is relative humidity, IclThe clothing thermal resistance is shown, v is the wind speed, and P is the corresponding saturated vapor pressure at the air temperature; phi is relative humidity, and since the relative humidity of most underground working faces of deep mines can reach 100% due to the fact that the relative humidity of the working faces is researched by the application, the relative humidity is equal to 100%. M is 239 and IclSubstitution when 0.6 results in:
tsk＝30.32+0.1297ta+0.2388P-0.5358v
t can be obtained at a certain temperature and wind speed according to the table 4skThe value is obtained.
TABLE 4 temperature and wind speed tskValue table
hcThe heat convection coefficient is expressed, air in the mine thermal environment is forced convection, and the heat convection coefficient is suitable for the Fanger equation:
hc＝12.1v0.5 (1-5)
wherein the mine wind speed v is related to the section of the roadway; the mine wind speed is related to factors such as roadway section and the like, and according to the research of related documents, the range of the mine wind speed is generally 0m/s-5 m/s;
substituting and simplifying each parameter to obtain:
the value of C at a given wind speed and temperature can be obtained from Table 5.
TABLE 5C-value table at certain wind speed and temperature
For the heat R absorbed or emitted by the human body outer surface to the surrounding environment in the form of radiation, the calculation formula is as follows:
R＝fefffclεhr(tcl-tm) (1-6)
in the formula: in the formula: f. ofeffIs the effective radiation area coefficient, i.e. the ratio of the effective radiation area of the wearer's body to the total external surface area; f. ofclThe garment area coefficient, calculated as 1.11; epsilon is the average emissivity of the human body surface, is dimensionless, in an indoor environment, the emissivity of the human body skin is approximately 1, and the emissivity of most clothes is approximately 0.95, so that in the general radiation heat exchange calculation, the average value of epsilon is 0.97, and epsilon is 0.97; h isrIs linear radiation heat transfer coefficient W/(m)2·K)；tmThe average radiation temperature of the environment is equal to the average radiation temperature of the mine in the thermal environment, and the difference between the average radiation temperature and the dry bulb temperature is not large, so t is taken during the calculationm＝ta；tclThe temperature of the outer surface of the garment is as follows:
in the formula: will IclSubstitution and simplification to 0.6 has: t is tcl＝0.73tsk+0.27ta
Coefficient of linear radiation heat transfer hrThis can be found by the following equation:
wherein, the constant of σ stefin and Boltzmann is 5.67 × 10-8W/(m2·K4)；feffEffective emissivity, i.e., the ratio of the effective radiation area of the human body to the total external surface area. For the sitting posture of 0.696 and the standing posture of 0.725, the average value of the sitting posture and the standing posture is 0.71 which is not much different from the gender and the body shape in order to simplify the calculation;
substituting each parameter to obtain:
the heat E taken away by the human body through the water vapor evaporated or exhaled from the sweat on the surface of the skin is calculated according to the following formula:
E＝Cres+Eres+Edif (1-7)
in the formula, CresSensible heat loss during breathing: cres＝0.0014M(34-ta)；EresLatent heat loss on breathing: eres＝0.0173M×(5.87-φP)；EdifHeat loss for evaporation of water from the skin: edif＝3.054×(0.256tsk-3.37-φP)。
P is the corresponding saturated vapor pressure at the air temperature, KPa, and is obtained by looking up a table 6;
TABLE 6 saturated vapor pressure P (unit: KPa) at a certain temperature
| ta/ |
28 | 30 | 32 | 34 | 36 | 38 | 40 |
| P | 3.7818 | 4.2455 | 4.7578 | 5.3229 | 5.9453 | 6.6298 | 7.3814 |
tskFor the average temperature of human skin, the calculation formula is given above:
tsk＝30.32+0.1297ta+0.2388P-0.5358v
changing M to 239W/M2And phi is 100%, and is substituted into:
Eres＝4.1347(5.87-P)
Cres＝0.3346(34-ta)Edif＝3.054×(4.392+0.0332ta-0.9389P-0.1372v)
E＝Ed+Crs+Ers＝49.06-7.002P-0.234ta-0.419v
ambient temperature taThe amount of convection and radiation heat exchange is increased and decreased, and when the ambient temperature exceeds the skin temperature of the human body, the human body will not be able to dissipate heat by convection and radiation, or even absorb heat from the environment.
When the temperature in the air is low, convection and radiation effects are enhanced, the human body radiates heat outwards, and the human body feels cold; when the temperature is moderate, the user feels comfortable; when the air temperature exceeds 25 ℃ and approaches the human body temperature, the convection and radiation effects are weakened, and the sweat evaporation and heat dissipation are enhanced; when the temperature reaches 37 ℃, the human body absorbs heat from the air, so that the human body feels stuffy and hot and sometimes sunstroke is caused; the downhole temperature should therefore generally not exceed 25 ℃.
In addition, when the relative humidity is more than 80%, the human body does not easily sweat and evaporate; at a relative humidity of less than 30%, dryness is felt and the mucosa is cracked; the relative humidity for human body to feel comfortable is 50-60%. The relative humidity of mine is more than 80%, and the relative humidity of air in working face and return airway can reach 100%.
In summary, the adjustment of the underground climate is mostly considered from three aspects of temperature, humidity and wind speed, and along with the increase of the temperature and the humidity, proper cooling equipment and ventilation equipment are used to improve the effects of heat dissipation and humidity reduction, so that the human body is close to a thermal balance state, namely comfortable feeling.
PMV＝(0.028+0.3033e-0.036M)H (2)
wherein M is the metabolism rate of the human body; h is the clothing thermal resistance of the human body, and the expression is as follows:
wherein M is the human body's metabolic rate in W/M2(ii) a W is the heat consumed by the muscle to do mechanical work, unit W/m2；PaThe pressure is the water vapor partial pressure of the air around the human body in Pa; t is taThe temperature of air around a human body is unit ℃;
is the ambient average radiant temperature in units; f. ofclIs the ratio of the external surface area of the clothes to the surface area of the naked human body when the human body wears clothes; t is tclThe average temperature of human skin is unit ℃; h iscFor convective heat transfer coefficient, unit W/m2·K。
The relevant parameters in the step 2 are consistent with the parameters in the step 1, wherein the calculation formula of the ratio of the external surface area of the clothes to the surface area of the naked human body when the human body is dressed is as follows:
fcl＝1+0.3Icl (2-1)
the calculation formula of the average temperature of human skin is as follows:
tcl＝35.7-0.028M/AD (2-2)
ambient mean radiant temperature
Determination of (1): assuming that the ambient average radiation temperature is equal to the average temperature of the human skin, therefore,
the PMV index represents the sensation of most people in the same environment, and divides the overall evaluation of subjective feelings of people about air temperature into 7 degrees, as shown in table 7 below.
TABLE 7 PMV thermal sensation numerical value grading Table
| Thermal sensation | Cold | Is cooler | Cool down | (Comfort) | Heating device | Hotter | Heat generation |
| PMV | -3 | -2 | -1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
The PMV index is calculated from the heat balance of the human body, which means when the heat generated in the human body is equal to the heat dissipated to the environment.
The saturated water vapor partial pressures at different temperatures between 20 ℃ and 30 ℃ were obtained by referring to relevant book data as shown in table 8 below:
TABLE 8 partial pressures of saturated water vapor at different temperatures
At a certain temperature, the water vapor partial pressure P of the humid airaThe ratio to the partial pressure of saturated water vapor at the same temperature is the relative humidity phi, which indicates the degree to which the water vapor in the humid air is nearly saturated. The greater the partial pressure of water vapor in the air, the higher the moisture content.
Calculating a certain temperature taThe partial pressure values of water vapor corresponding to the humidities φ (humidity values 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 100%, respectively) are shown in Table 9 below:
TABLE 9 partial pressure P of water vapor at a certain temperature and humidityaValue of
And (3) driving the calculated parameter values to obtain:
the equation can be calculated as:
H＝101.067+7.113×10-3Pa+0.3346ta-456.896v0.5+14.278v0.5ta
the formula (2) is carried into:
PMV＝(0.028+0.3033e-0.036M)H
＝(0.028+0.3033e-0.036×239)(101.067+
7.113×10-3Pa+0.3346ta-456.896v0.5+14.278v0.5ta)
the PMV expression which is finally related to the partial pressure (humidity), the temperature and the wind speed of water vapor is obtained through arrangement:
PMV＝0.028(101.067+7.113×10-3Pa+
0.3346ta-456.896v0.5+14.278v0.5ta)
by means of the MATLAB definition function, the partial pressure value and the temperature value of the water vapor corresponding to each humidity in the table 9 are input, and the corresponding wind speed value is calculated under the condition that the PMV is 0 (comfortable), so that each parameter value table when the miners are in a comfortable state is obtained, as shown in the following table 10.
TABLE 10 wind speed value (m/s) of PMV 0 at a certain temperature and humidity
From the table 10, it can be seen in conjunction with fig. 2 that, when the temperature is constant, the wind speed changes insignificantly with the change of the humidity; when the humidity is constant, the wind speed changes rapidly along with the rise of the temperature. When t isaWhen the temperature is more than or equal to 28 ℃, v is more than 4m/s, and the human body has local discomfort due to too high wind speed; when t isaAt < 28 ℃, v increases with increasing relative humidity and temperature. The air temperature of the working face of the production mine can be specified to be not more than 28 ℃, and is increased by 2 ℃ only compared with 26 ℃ specified by coal mine safety regulations. In addition, it can be seen that wind speeds of greater than 16.3m/s are observed when the temperature reaches 30 ℃, which occurs because the primary purpose of the PMV equation is to evaluate the degree of thermal comfort in a relatively comfortable thermal environment. The PMV equation is originally derived from a heat balance equation in a heat comfort state and is used for evaluating the heat comfort degree in a more comfortable heat environment, so that the limitation of the PMV equation in the heat comfort environment can not be ignored when the PMV equation is used, and the conclusion that the PMV equation is inconsistent with the actual situation is avoided.
According to the evaluation method for the influence of the heat damage of the deep well on the working efficiency of the human body, under the condition that the physiological metabolism function is normal and under any environment and any metabolism intensity, no matter in a comfortable state or an uncomfortable state, the human body has a relational expression of heat generation quantity and heat dissipation quantity, namely a human body heat balance equation, the underground climate is adjusted by considering the three aspects of temperature, humidity and wind speed, and along with the increase of the temperature and the humidity, proper cooling equipment and ventilation equipment are used for improving the effects of heat dissipation and humidity reduction so as to enable the human body to be close to the heat balance state, namely comfortable feeling; the PMV index can be obtained by estimating the metabolic rate of human activity and the thermal resistance of the garment, is derived from the heat balance equation in the heat comfort state, and is used for evaluating the heat comfort degree in a relatively comfortable heat environment, and other environmental parameters are needed at the same time: the indoor air temperature, the average radiation temperature of the air, the relative air flow rate and the relative humidity of the air are comprehensively considered.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for evaluating the influence of deep well heat damage on human body working efficiency is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, in a first temperature range, considering the influence of underground climate regulation on human body working efficiency from three aspects of temperature, humidity and wind speed according to a human body heat balance equation, wherein the human body heat balance equation is as follows:
M-W±C±R-E＝S (1)
wherein M is the metabolism rate of the human body; w is the heat consumed by the muscle to do mechanical work; c is heat absorption or heat dissipation of the human body and the surrounding environment in a convection conduction mode, wherein the heat absorption quantity is used as plus, and the heat dissipation quantity is used as minus; r is heat absorbed or emitted from the outer surface of the human body to the surrounding environment in a radiation mode, the absorbed heat is plus, and the emitted heat is minus; e is the heat taken away by the human body through the water vapor evaporated or exhaled by the sweat on the surface of the skin; s is the heat stored in the human body;
step 2, in a second temperature range, according to a PMV index, evaluating the human body thermal comfort degree in a relatively comfortable thermal environment from six factors of ambient air flow rate, air temperature, relative humidity, ambient average radiation temperature, human body metabolic rate and clothing thermal resistance, wherein a calculation formula of the PMV index is as follows:
PMV＝(0.028+0.3033e-0.036M)H (2)
wherein M is the metabolism rate of the human body; h is the clothing thermal resistance of the human body, and the expression is as follows:
wherein M is the human body's metabolic rate in W/M2(ii) a W is the heat consumed by the muscle to do mechanical work, unit W/m2；PaThe pressure is the water vapor partial pressure of the air around the human body in Pa; t is taThe temperature of air around a human body is unit ℃;
is the ambient average radiant temperature in units; f. ofclIs the ratio of the external surface area of the clothes to the surface area of the naked human body when the human body wears clothes; t is tclThe average temperature of human skin is unit ℃; h iscFor convective heat transfer coefficient, unit W/m2·K。
2. The method for evaluating the influence of the heat damage of the deep well on the working efficiency of the human body according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1:
for the metabolism rate M of the human body, the labor intensity of underground workers is on the middle upper level, and the following formula is used for calculating:
M＝352(0.23RQ+0.77)VO2/AD (1-1)
in the formula, RQRepresenting the respiratory entropy, and the value is 0.83-1.00 without dimension; vO2The volume of oxygen consumed in unit time at 0 ℃ and under the atmospheric pressure of 101.325kPa is expressed in L/min; a. theDRepresenting the surface area of human skin in m2；
The heat quantity W consumed by the mechanical work of the muscle is calculated by the following formula:
W＝ηM (1-2)
in the formula, eta represents mechanical efficiency, which is the condition that a human body does mechanical work to the outside, the miners do moderate or heavy work under the mine, and the mechanical efficiency is 10 percent;
for the heat absorption capacity or heat dissipation capacity C of the human body and the surrounding environment in a convection conduction mode, the calculation formula is as follows:
C＝fclhc×(tsk-ta) (1-3)
in the formula, tskCalculating the average temperature of human skin as follows:
tsk＝0.94×(30+0.138ta+0.254φP-0.57v+0.00128M-0.553Icl)+2.15 (1-4)
wherein phi is relative humidity, IclThe clothing thermal resistance is shown, v is the wind speed, and P is the corresponding saturated vapor pressure at the air temperature;
hcthe heat convection coefficient is expressed, air in the mine thermal environment is forced convection, and the heat convection coefficient is suitable for the Fanger equation:
hc＝12.1v0.5 (1-5)
wherein the mine wind speed v is related to the section of the roadway;
for the heat R absorbed or emitted by the human body outer surface to the surrounding environment in the form of radiation, the calculation formula is as follows:
R＝fefffclεhr(tcl-tm) (1-6)
in the formula: f. ofeffIs the effective radiation area coefficient, i.e. the ratio of the effective radiation area of the wearer's body to the total external surface area; epsilon is the average emissivity of the human body surface, and epsilon is 0.97; h isrIs linear radiation heat transfer coefficient, unit W/(m)2·K)；tmThe average radiation temperature of the environment is unit ℃, and the difference between the average radiation temperature in the mine thermal environment and the dry bulb temperature is not large;
the heat E taken away by the human body through the water vapor evaporated or exhaled from the sweat on the surface of the skin is calculated according to the following formula:
E＝Cres+Eres+Edif (1-7)
in the formula, CresSensible heat loss during breathing: cres＝0.0014M(34-ta)；EresLatent heat loss on breathing: eres＝0.0173M×(5.87-φP)；EdifHeat loss for evaporation of water from the skin: edif＝3.054×(0.256tsk-3.37-φP)。
3. The method for evaluating the influence of the heat damage of the deep well on the working efficiency of the human body according to claim 2, wherein in the step 2,
the calculation formula of the ratio of the external surface area of the clothes to the surface area of the naked human body when the human body wears clothes is as follows:
fcl＝1+0.3Icl (2-1)
the calculation formula of the average temperature of human skin is as follows:
tcl＝35.7-0.028M/AD (2-2)
ambient mean radiant temperature
Determination of (1): assuming that the average ambient radiation temperature is equal to the average human skin temperature, the average ambient radiation temperature is taken,
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