CN113005341A - High-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
- C22C21/04—Modified aluminium-silicon alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
- B22D7/005—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals from non-ferrous metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 6.0-20.0 wt% of Si, 0.1-4 wt% of Ni, 0-0.3 wt% of Mg, 0-0.3 wt% of Cu, 0-0.1 wt% of B, 0.001-0.1 wt% of Sr and 80.0-95.0 wt% of Al, wherein the mass ratio of Si to Ni is 2-200: 1, and the mass ratio of Ni to Sr is 10-50: 1. compared with the prior art, the invention does not need to add rare earth elements, has less content of alloying elements and low cost; the heat conductivity of the hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy is greatly improved by strictly controlling the contents of Mg and Cu and regulating the mass ratio of Ni to Sr. The aluminum alloy of the invention has high heat conductivity coefficient, moderate strength, excellent plasticity, excellent casting performance and excellent flow mold filling performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy, in particular to a high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Because of the characteristics of light weight, corrosion resistance, excellent heat conductivity and the like, the aluminum alloy is widely applied to parts with higher requirements on heat conductivity, such as communication base station heat dissipation shells, lighting devices, new energy automobile structural parts and the like. Casting is the most common production method of aluminum alloy products, such as die casting and extrusion casting, and has the advantages of high efficiency, low cost, capability of forming thin-wall parts with complex structures and the like. The Al-Si series is the most commonly used cast aluminum alloy at present, and accounts for more than 85 percent of the total yield of the existing cast aluminum alloy. The most commonly used cast aluminum alloy materials at present are mainly A356, A380, ADC12 and the like. These Al-Si series cast aluminum alloys usually contain Si element of 6.5% or more, and therefore have excellent casting fluidity and can well satisfy the casting process requirements. However, these alloys have poor thermal conductivity, and the thermal conductivity is usually lower than 150W/(m.K), wherein the thermal conductivity of A356 cast aluminum alloy is only about 140W/(m.K), and the thermal conductivity of ADC12 cast aluminum alloy is only about 90W/(m.K), which makes Al-Si cast aluminum alloy difficult to satisfy the functional requirement of rapid heat dissipation of parts.
Therefore, a novel aluminum alloy material which has high heat conductivity coefficient and good casting and flowing properties and is suitable for preparing large-scale thin-wall complex high-quality structural components is urgently needed to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a high thermal conductivity aluminum alloy, comprising the following components:
wherein the mass ratio of Si to Ni is 2-200: 1, and the mass ratio of Ni to Sr is 10-50: 1.
optionally, the high thermal conductivity aluminum alloy comprises the following components:
wherein the mass ratio of Si to Ni is 20-100: 1, and the mass ratio of Ni to Sr is 20-40: 1.
optionally, the high thermal conductivity aluminum alloy comprises the following components:
wherein the mass ratio of Si to Ni is 50:1, the mass ratio of Ni to Sr is 25: 1.
optionally, the total content of Si, Ni and Sr is 5.5-12 wt%, and the total content of Cu, Mg and B is less than 0.5 wt%.
Optionally, the total content of Si, Ni and Sr is 7-10 wt%, and the total content of Cu, Mg and B is less than 0.2 wt%.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing a high thermal conductivity aluminum alloy, comprising the steps of:
1S, heating an aluminum ingot to melt the aluminum ingot into aluminum liquid, adding Si, Ni, Cu, Sr, Mg and B components into the aluminum liquid to smelt into aluminum alloy liquid, and refining and deslagging the aluminum alloy liquid to obtain aluminum alloy liquid to be cast;
and 2S, casting the aluminum alloy liquid to be cast into an aluminum alloy ingot, and carrying out heat treatment on the aluminum alloy ingot to obtain the high-heat-conductivity aluminum alloy.
Optionally, the specific operations of step 1S are: heating an aluminum ingot to melt the aluminum ingot into aluminum liquid, adding a Si component into the aluminum liquid, adding Ni, Cu and Sr components into the aluminum liquid, adding Mg and B components into the aluminum liquid, mixing and smelting for a preset time to obtain aluminum alloy liquid, and refining and deslagging the aluminum alloy liquid to obtain the aluminum alloy liquid to be cast.
Optionally, the specific operations of step 1S are: heating a smelting furnace to 700-750 ℃, adding an aluminum ingot into the smelting furnace for smelting, and completely melting the aluminum ingot into aluminum liquid;
adding Si into the aluminum liquid, and stirring the aluminum liquid to melt the Si in the aluminum liquid;
adding Ni, Cu and Sr into the aluminum liquid, and stirring the aluminum liquid to melt the Ni, Cu and Sr in the aluminum liquid;
adding Mg and B into the aluminum liquid, and stirring for 5-20 minutes to uniformly mix alloy elements and the aluminum liquid to obtain aluminum alloy liquid;
and refining and deslagging the aluminum alloy liquid to obtain the aluminum alloy liquid to be cast.
Optionally, the refining deslagging operation in step 1S is specifically:
adding a refining agent into the aluminum alloy liquid, and performing deslagging operation by using a refining deaerator, wherein the rotating speed of a rotor of the refining deaerator is 100-1000 r/min;
introducing inert gas into the aluminum alloy liquid, and performing rotary degassing operation by using a refining degassing machine, wherein the rotating speed of a rotor of the refining degassing machine is 100-1000 r/min;
and standing the aluminum alloy liquid for 10-40min, and fishing the scum on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid.
Optionally, the aluminum alloy liquid to be cast is cast by a casting machine to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot, the casting speed is 0.5-50 kg/s, and the aluminum alloy ingot is placed in a temperature environment of 200-400 ℃ for 0.5-5 hours to obtain the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy.
The high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy mainly comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 6.0-20.0 wt% of Si, 0.1-4 wt% of Ni, 0-0.3 wt% of Mg, 0-0.3 wt% of Cu, 0-0.1 wt% of B, 0.001-0.1 wt% of Sr and 80.0-95.0 wt% of Al, wherein the mass ratio of Si to Ni is 2-200: 1, and the mass ratio of Ni to Sr is 10-50: 1.
preferably, the weight percentage of each component is as follows: 8.0-13.0 wt% of Si, 0.1-1.5 wt% of Ni, 0.02-0.2 wt% of Mg, 0.02-0.2 wt% of Cu, 0.02-0.075 wt% of B, 0.01-0.1 wt% of Sr and 80.0-92.0 wt% of Al, wherein the mass ratio of Si to Ni is 20-100: 1, and the mass ratio of Ni to Sr is 20-40: 1, the mass ratio of the total mass of Ni and Mg to B is 20-100: 1, and the mass ratio of the total mass of Si and Cu to B is 200-600: 1.
In the invention, Si is one of important components for forming the aluminum alloy, the Si can form an Al + Si eutectic liquid phase with Al in the aluminum alloy, and the Si and Mg form an MgSi strengthening phase, thereby improving the casting fluidity, the strength and the machining performance of the aluminum alloy. The lattice constants of Si and Al are greatly different, the Al lattice distortion is caused by the solid solution of Si in Al, the resistance is increased, and the thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy is reduced. In order to ensure sufficient casting fluidity, thermal conductivity and plasticity of the aluminum alloy, the Si content is selected to be 6.0 to 20.0 wt%, and preferably, the Si content in the aluminum alloy is selected to be 8.0 to 13.0 wt%.
In the invention, Mg is one of important components for forming the aluminum alloy, the Mg can form an MgSi strengthening phase with Si in the aluminum alloy, the MgSi is separated out from the aluminum liquid to form the Al-MgSi alloy, and the Al-MgSi alloy has higher Mg content and MgSi phase volume fraction and has higher specific stiffness, specific strength, wear resistance and other excellent performances. The higher the Mg content in the aluminum alloy is, the higher the strength of the extrusion casting aluminum alloy is, but the heat conductivity and the plasticity are gradually reduced, so that in order to ensure the heat conductivity, the strength and the plasticity of the extrusion casting aluminum alloy, the Mg content is selected to be 0-0.3 wt%, and preferably, the Mg content in the aluminum alloy is selected to be 0.02-0.2 wt%.
In the invention, Cu is one of important components for forming the aluminum alloy, and the Cu has the solid solution strengthening effect in the extrusion casting aluminum alloy and can also precipitate CuAl in the aging heat treatment process of the aluminum alloy2Reinforcing phase, increaseStrength of strong aluminum alloys. The higher the Cu content is, the higher the strength of the extrusion-cast aluminum alloy is, but the heat conductivity of the aluminum alloy is reduced, the hot cracking tendency of the aluminum alloy is easily increased, and the heat conductivity of the aluminum alloy is obviously reduced. Therefore, in order to ensure the strength and thermal conductivity of the extrusion-cast aluminum alloy, the Cu content in the present application is selected to be 0 to 0.3 wt%, and preferably, the Cu content in the aluminum alloy is selected to be 0.02 to 0.2 wt%.
In the invention, trace Ni element and Sr element are added into the aluminum alloy, and the Ni element and the Sr element can play an obvious role in modifying the aluminum alloy, increase the ductility and the corrosion resistance of the alloy, remove the slag content of the alloy melt, further refine the crystal grains and have the function of fine grain strengthening. Prevent the crystal from coarsening and improve the toughness of the alloy. In the application, the content of Ni is selected to be 0.1-1.5 wt%, the content of Sr is selected to be 0.001-0.1 wt%, and particularly, when the mass ratio of Ni to Sr is 10-50: when 1, Ni element and Sr element have the best effect on refining grains of the aluminum alloy.
In the invention, B is one of main components for forming the aluminum alloy, trace B elements are added into the aluminum alloy, and the B elements can eliminate or weaken the harmful effect of the thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy, further improve the thermal conductivity, purify the quality of the alloy melt, inhibit high-temperature extrusion recrystallization, improve the strength and toughness of the aluminum alloy and ensure the die-casting performance of the aluminum alloy. The content of B in the aluminum alloy is 0-0.1 wt%, and preferably, the content of B in the aluminum alloy is 0.02-0.075 wt%.
The preparation method of the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy mainly comprises aluminum alloy smelting and aluminum alloy casting.
Aluminum alloy smelting: heating an aluminum ingot to melt the aluminum ingot into aluminum liquid, adding Si, Ni, Cu, Sr, Mg and B components into the aluminum liquid to be smelted into aluminum alloy liquid, and refining and deslagging the aluminum alloy liquid to obtain the aluminum alloy liquid to be cast. Wherein, the aluminum ingot is melted into aluminum liquid, firstly, the Si component is added into the aluminum liquid, then the Ni, Cu and Sr components are added into the aluminum liquid, finally, the Mg and B components are added into the aluminum liquid, and the aluminum alloy liquid is obtained after mixed smelting for a preset time.
Specifically, the smelting furnace is heated to 700-; adding Si into the aluminum liquid, and stirring the aluminum liquid to melt the Si in the aluminum liquid; adding Ni, Cu and Sr into the aluminum liquid, and stirring the aluminum liquid to melt the Ni, Cu and Sr in the aluminum liquid; adding Mg and B into the aluminum liquid, and stirring for 5-20 minutes to uniformly mix alloy elements and the aluminum liquid to obtain aluminum alloy liquid; and refining and deslagging the aluminum alloy liquid to obtain the aluminum alloy liquid to be cast.
Wherein, the concrete operation of refining slagging-off is: adding a refining agent into the aluminum alloy liquid, and performing deslagging operation by using a refining deaerator, wherein the rotating speed of a rotor of the refining deaerator is 100-1000 r/min; introducing inert gas into the aluminum alloy liquid, and performing rotary degassing operation by using a refining degassing machine, wherein the rotating speed of a rotor of the refining degassing machine is 100-1000 r/min; and standing the aluminum alloy liquid for 10-40min, and fishing the scum on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid.
Preferably, the Ni, Cu, Sr and B components are aluminum-based master alloys, and specifically, the Ni component is an Al-10Ni master alloy, the Cu component is an Al-50Cu master alloy, the Sr component is an Al-3Sr master alloy, and the B component is an Al-3B master alloy. Compared with a simple substance to be added, the intermediate alloy generally has lower melting point, higher dissolution speed, more stable actual yield and stronger capability of improving the performance of the alloy.
Aluminum alloy casting: and casting the aluminum alloy liquid to be cast into an aluminum alloy ingot, and thermally treating the aluminum alloy ingot to obtain the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy. Preferably, the aluminum alloy liquid to be cast is cast by a casting machine to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot, the casting speed is 0.5-50 kg/s, and the aluminum alloy ingot is placed in a temperature environment of 200-400 ℃ for 0.5-5 hours to obtain the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy.
Compared with the prior art, the invention does not need to add rare earth elements, has less content of alloying elements and low cost; the heat conductivity of the hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy is greatly improved by strictly controlling the contents of Mg and Cu and regulating the mass ratio of Ni to Sr.
In the invention, in order to improve the heat-conducting property of the aluminum alloy, the formula is integrally adjusted, so that the aluminum alloy is ensured to have good mechanical property and die-casting property while the heat-conducting property is improved.
The aluminum alloy has the advantages of high heat conductivity coefficient, moderate strength, excellent plasticity, excellent casting performance and excellent flow-filling performance, and is suitable for preparing aluminum alloy products with higher requirements on heat dissipation performance by adopting a die-casting or semi-solid processing process, such as a filter shell, a heat dissipation substrate and a cabinet shell of a 5G base station, a three-electric structural part shell and a battery module of a new energy automobile, and the like.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a microstructure of a highly thermally conductive aluminum alloy material in example 1 of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a microstructure of a high thermal conductive aluminum alloy material in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a microstructure of a highly heat-conductive aluminum alloy material in example 3 of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a microstructure of a highly thermally conductive aluminum alloy material in example 4 of the invention;
fig. 5 is a microstructure of a highly thermally conductive aluminum alloy material in example 5 of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, in the embodiments and examples of the present application, the feature vectors may be arbitrarily combined with each other without conflict.
The application provides a high heat conduction aluminum alloy, including following component:
wherein the mass ratio of Si to Ni is 2-200: 1, and the mass ratio of Ni to Sr is 10-50: 1.
in the examples of the present application, inevitable impurities are present in the high thermal conductivity aluminum alloy of the present application, wherein the monomer content of the inevitable impurities is 0.05 wt%, and the total amount of the inevitable impurities is less than 0.2 wt%.
As an embodiment of the present application, a high thermal conductive aluminum alloy includes the following components:
wherein the mass ratio of Si to Ni is 20-100: 1, and the mass ratio of Ni to Sr is 20-40: 1, the mass ratio of the total mass of Ni and Mg to B is 20-100: 1, and the mass ratio of the total mass of Si and Cu to B is 200-600: 1.
As an embodiment of the present application, a high thermal conductive aluminum alloy includes the following components:
wherein the mass ratio of Si to Ni is 50:1, the mass ratio of Ni to Sr is 25: 1, the mass ratio of the total mass of Ni and Mg to B was 21.2:1, and the mass ratio of the total mass of Si and Cu to B was 441.2: 1.
As an example of the present application, the total content of Si, Ni and Sr is 5.5 to 12 wt%, and the total content of Cu, Mg and B is less than 0.5 wt%.
As an example of the present application, the total content of Si, Ni and Sr is 7 to 10 wt%, and the total content of Cu, Mg and B is less than 0.2 wt%.
As an embodiment of the present application, a method for preparing a high thermal conductivity aluminum alloy of the present application includes the following steps:
s1, heating an aluminum ingot to melt the aluminum ingot into aluminum liquid, adding Si, Ni, Cu, Sr, Mg and B into the aluminum liquid to smelt into aluminum alloy liquid, and refining and deslagging the aluminum alloy liquid to obtain aluminum alloy liquid to be cast;
s2, casting the aluminum alloy liquid to be cast into an aluminum alloy ingot, and carrying out heat treatment on the aluminum alloy ingot to obtain the high-heat-conductivity aluminum alloy.
Wherein, the production cost is comprehensively considered, the content of inevitable impurities is controlled, and the aluminum ingot selected in the application is the aluminum ingot with the aluminum content more than or equal to 99.8 percent.
In the present embodiment, the specific operations of step S1 are: heating an aluminum ingot to melt the aluminum ingot into aluminum liquid, adding a Si component into the aluminum liquid, adding Ni, Cu and Sr components into the aluminum liquid, adding Mg and B components into the aluminum liquid, mixing and smelting for a preset time to obtain aluminum alloy liquid, and refining and deslagging the aluminum alloy liquid to obtain the aluminum alloy liquid to be cast.
The method aims to solve the problems that Ni, Cu, Sr and B components are high in melting point, difficult to melt into a melt, high in density, easy to segregate and the like. In this example, the Ni component is an Al-10Ni master alloy, the Cu component is an Al-50Cu master alloy, the Sr component is an Al-3Sr master alloy, and the B component is an Al-3B master alloy.
In the present embodiment, the specific operations of step S1 are: heating a smelting furnace to 700-750 ℃, adding an aluminum ingot into the smelting furnace for smelting, and completely melting the aluminum ingot into aluminum liquid; adding Si into the aluminum liquid, and stirring the aluminum liquid to melt the Si in the aluminum liquid; adding Ni, Cu and Sr into the aluminum liquid, and stirring the aluminum liquid to melt the Ni, Cu and Sr in the aluminum liquid; adding Mg and B into the aluminum liquid, and stirring for 5-20 minutes to uniformly mix alloy elements and the aluminum liquid to obtain aluminum alloy liquid; and refining and deslagging the aluminum alloy liquid to obtain the aluminum alloy liquid to be cast.
In this embodiment, the refining and deslagging operations in step S1 are specifically: adding a refining agent into the aluminum alloy liquid, and performing deslagging operation by using a refining deaerator, wherein the rotating speed of a rotor of the refining deaerator is 100-1000 r/min; introducing inert gas into the aluminum alloy liquid, and performing rotary degassing operation by using a refining degassing machine, wherein the rotating speed of a rotor of the refining degassing machine is 100-1000 r/min; and standing the aluminum alloy liquid for 10-40min, and fishing the scum on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid. Wherein, in the actual production process, the rotor speed of the refining deaerator can be set to 200r/min, 300r/min, 400r/min, 500r/min, 600r/min, 700r/min, 800r/min or 900r/min according to the production conditions; and standing the aluminum alloy liquid for 15min, 20min, 25min, 30min, 35min or 38 min.
In the embodiment, the aluminum alloy liquid to be cast is cast by a casting machine to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot, the casting speed is 0.5-50 kg/s, and the aluminum alloy ingot is placed in a temperature environment of 200-400 ℃ for 0.5-5 hours to obtain the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy. Wherein, in the production process of the high heat-conducting aluminum alloy, 5kg/s, 10kg/s, 15kg/s, 25kg/s, 30kg/s, 35kg/s, 40kg/s or 45kg/s can be cast according to production requirements.
In this embodiment, the aluminum alloy ingot obtained by casting may be selectively air-cooled or furnace-cooled to room temperature after heat treatment according to production conditions, which is not limited in this application.
Specific examples of highly thermally conductive aluminum alloys are listed below:
examples
Table 1 shows some examples of specific contents of each component in the high thermal conductivity aluminum alloy of the present invention. It should be noted that the specific contents of the components of the high thermal conductivity aluminum alloy of the present invention are not limited to the data in table 1.
TABLE 1 examples of high thermal conductivity aluminum alloy content
Table 2 shows some examples of main process parameters in the preparation method of the high thermal conductivity aluminum alloy of the present invention.
TABLE 2 specific examples of production process parameters for high thermal conductivity aluminum alloys
Comparative test example
The performance of the aluminum alloys of examples 1-8 were tested. Meanwhile, the performance data of the aluminum alloy in the prior art are compared, and are specifically shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 aluminum alloy Performance test and comparison results
Wherein comparative example 1 is a356 aluminum alloy, comparative example 2 is a380 aluminum alloy, and comparative example 3 is ADC12 aluminum alloy.
As can be seen from fig. 1 to 5 and the results in table 3, the high thermal conductivity cast aluminum alloy material of the present invention has uniform crystal grains, excellent thermal conductivity, good casting fluidity, and good matching properties of tensile strength, yield strength and elongation.
In conclusion, the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy provided by the invention is prepared by adjusting the raw material component ratio of the aluminum alloy and controlling smelting and casting; under the conditions of no addition of rare earth elements and less content of alloying elements, the heat-conducting property of the hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy is greatly improved by strictly controlling the content of Mg and Cu and regulating the mass ratio of Ni to Sr. The formula is integrally adjusted, so that the heat conductivity is improved, and the aluminum alloy has good mechanical property and die-casting property.
It is to be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises", "comprising" or any other variation thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, so that an article or apparatus including a series of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed or inherent to such article or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising … …" does not exclude the presence of additional like elements in the article or device comprising the element.
The above embodiments are merely to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the present invention, and the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and equivalent arrangements may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention and it should be understood that the present invention is to be covered by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following components:
wherein the mass ratio of Si to Ni is 2-200: 1, and the mass ratio of Ni to Sr is 10-50: 1.
2. the high thermal conductivity aluminum alloy according to claim 1, comprising the following components:
wherein the mass ratio of Si to Ni is 20-100: 1, and the mass ratio of Ni to Sr is 20-40: 1.
3. the high thermal conductivity aluminum alloy according to claim 1, comprising the following components:
wherein the mass ratio of Si to Ni is 50:1, the mass ratio of Ni to Sr is 25: 1.
4. the high thermal conductive aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the total content of Si, Ni and Sr is 5.5 to 12 wt%, and the total content of Cu, Mg and B is less than 0.5 wt%.
5. The high thermal conductive aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the total content of Si, Ni and Sr is 7 to 10 wt%, and the total content of Cu, Mg and B is less than 0.2 wt%.
6. The preparation method of the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1S, heating an aluminum ingot to melt the aluminum ingot into aluminum liquid, adding Si, Ni, Cu, Sr, Mg and B components into the aluminum liquid to smelt into aluminum alloy liquid, and refining and deslagging the aluminum alloy liquid to obtain aluminum alloy liquid to be cast;
and 2S, casting the aluminum alloy liquid to be cast into an aluminum alloy ingot, and carrying out heat treatment on the aluminum alloy ingot to obtain the high-heat-conductivity aluminum alloy.
7. The method for preparing the high thermal conductivity aluminum alloy according to claim 6, wherein the specific operation of the step 1S is as follows:
heating an aluminum ingot to melt the aluminum ingot into aluminum liquid, adding a Si component into the aluminum liquid, adding Ni, Cu and Sr components into the aluminum liquid, adding Mg and B components into the aluminum liquid, mixing and smelting for a preset time to obtain aluminum alloy liquid, and refining and deslagging the aluminum alloy liquid to obtain the aluminum alloy liquid to be cast.
8. The method for preparing the high thermal conductivity aluminum alloy according to claim 6, wherein the specific operation of the step 1S is as follows:
heating a smelting furnace to 700-750 ℃, adding an aluminum ingot into the smelting furnace for smelting, and completely melting the aluminum ingot into aluminum liquid;
adding Si into the aluminum liquid, and stirring the aluminum liquid to melt the Si in the aluminum liquid;
adding Ni, Cu and Sr into the aluminum liquid, and stirring the aluminum liquid to melt the Ni, Cu and Sr in the aluminum liquid;
adding Mg and B into the aluminum liquid, and stirring for 5-20 minutes to uniformly mix alloy elements and the aluminum liquid to obtain aluminum alloy liquid;
and refining and deslagging the aluminum alloy liquid to obtain the aluminum alloy liquid to be cast.
9. The method for preparing the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy according to claim 6, wherein the refining deslagging in the step 1S is performed by the following specific operations:
adding a refining agent into the aluminum alloy liquid, and performing deslagging operation by using a refining deaerator, wherein the rotating speed of a rotor of the refining deaerator is 100-1000 r/min;
introducing inert gas into the aluminum alloy liquid, and performing rotary degassing operation by using a refining degassing machine, wherein the rotating speed of a rotor of the refining degassing machine is 100-1000 r/min;
and standing the aluminum alloy liquid for 10-40min, and fishing the scum on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid.
10. The method for preparing the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy according to claim 6, wherein the aluminum alloy liquid to be cast is cast by a casting machine to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot, the casting speed is 0.5-50 kg/s, and the aluminum alloy ingot is placed in a temperature environment of 200-400 ℃ for 0.5-5 hours to obtain the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy.
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