CN113004571A - Preparation method of waste fabric fiber aerogel - Google Patents
Preparation method of waste fabric fiber aerogel Download PDFInfo
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- CN113004571A CN113004571A CN202110250421.XA CN202110250421A CN113004571A CN 113004571 A CN113004571 A CN 113004571A CN 202110250421 A CN202110250421 A CN 202110250421A CN 113004571 A CN113004571 A CN 113004571A
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 229920002972 Acrylic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920004933 Terylene® Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 wool Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007783 nanoporous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010893 paper waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/28—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a liquid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. drying of coagulum
- C08J9/286—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a liquid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. drying of coagulum the liquid phase being a solvent for the monomers but not for the resulting macromolecular composition, i.e. macroporous or macroreticular polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0014—Use of organic additives
- C08J9/0023—Use of organic additives containing oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0061—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof characterized by the use of several polymeric components
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0085—Use of fibrous compounding ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2205/00—Foams characterised by their properties
- C08J2205/02—Foams characterised by their properties the finished foam itself being a gel or a gel being temporarily formed when processing the foamable composition
- C08J2205/026—Aerogel, i.e. a supercritically dried gel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2329/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Derivatives of such polymer
- C08J2329/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C08J2329/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2401/00—Characterised by the use of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08J2401/02—Cellulose; Modified cellulose
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2433/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2433/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of nitriles
- C08J2433/20—Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylonitrile
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2467/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2467/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2489/00—Characterised by the use of proteins; Derivatives thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/07—Aldehydes; Ketones
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
- Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of waste fabric reutilization and polymer material aerogel, in particular to a method for preparing aerogel from waste fabric fibers, which comprises the following steps: cutting waste clothes into pieces, cleaning and sterilizing to obtain waste textile fibers; immersing the cleaned waste fabric fibers into a sodium hydroxide solution for surface treatment; adding the treated waste fabric fibers, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and Glutaraldehyde (GA) into a proper amount of water, carrying out ultrasonic and heating reaction to obtain a gel-like mixture, freezing the mixture at a low temperature, and freeze-drying to obtain the waste fabric aerogel. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the waste fabric is used as a raw material, so that the waste utilization is realized, the material is saved, the production cost is reduced, the pollution of the waste fabric to the environment is reduced, and the economic and social benefits are huge.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of reutilization of waste fabrics and aerogel of a high polymer material, in particular to a method for preparing aerogel from waste fabric fibers.
Background
With the rapid development of national economy and the continuous improvement of the living standard of people, the service cycle of clothes is shorter and shorter, more and more waste clothes can be eliminated within two to three years or even shorter time, but most of the waste clothes are not well recycled. Data of the union of textile industry of China shows that 2500 million tons of waste textiles are generated in China every year at present, the comprehensive utilization rate is only about 15%, and a large amount of waste textiles and waste clothes are directly buried or burned as garbage. This situation causes environmental pollution on the one hand and also brings great waste to resources on the other hand. And every 1 kg of waste textile fabric is used, the carbon dioxide emission amount of 3.6 kg can be reduced, 6000 liters of water is saved, and the use of 0.3 kg of chemical fertilizer and 0.2 kg of pesticide is reduced. Therefore, the quantity of the waste textiles is huge every year, the waste textiles are effectively recycled, and the method plays an important role in relieving crisis of energy and textile raw materials and beautifying the environment.
In order to better utilize the waste fabric, the invention prepares the waste fabric into aerogel by utilizing green degradable polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) material. The aerogel prepared by the invention is a nano porous material with a three-dimensional network framework structure, and has excellent physical and chemical functions, such as high specific surface area, high porosity, low density, low thermal conductivity and the like. Can be used in the fields of adsorption materials, environmental purification, energy storage, sensor materials, catalysis, automobile manufacturing, spacecrafts, electronic equipment, clothes, heat insulation, sound insulation and the like. The waste textile is prepared into aerogel, so that the method is a brand new method for secondarily utilizing the waste textile, the use value of the waste textile is greatly improved, and the pollution of the waste textile is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for preparing waste fabrics into aerogel, aiming at the problem that the waste fabrics are not well recycled at present.
The invention adopts polyvinyl alcohol (PVA for short) as an aerogel composite matrix, and the PVA contains a large amount of hydroxyl which can form hydrogen bonds with hydroxyl, carbonyl, amino and other groups in waste textile fibers. The fibers can be linked together through hydrogen bonds between PVA and the waste fabric fibers to form a three-dimensional net structure. PVA is a water-soluble degradable high polymer material, water is used as a solvent, a mixture of PVA and waste fabrics can be prepared into hydrogel, and the hydrogel is prepared into aerogel through processes of low-temperature freezing and freeze drying.
The method comprises the following steps of:
and crushing, cleaning and disinfecting the waste clothes to obtain the waste textile fibers. And immersing the cleaned waste fabric fibers into a sodium hydroxide solution for surface treatment. Adding the waste fabric fibers, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and Glutaraldehyde (GA) which are pretreated into a proper amount of water, and carrying out ultrasonic and heating reaction to obtain the mixture hydrogel. The mixture hydrogel is prepared into aerogel through a low-temperature freezing and freeze-drying process.
The waste fabric is obtained by crushing a textile fabric prepared from common fibers such as cotton, hemp, wool, terylene and acrylic fibers, and the length of the crushed fiber is 2-20 mm.
The concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 20-100 g/L.
The sodium hydroxide solution is pretreated, the reaction temperature is 60-100 ℃, and the reaction time is 1-4 hours.
The molecular weight of the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is 10000-50000.
The addition amounts of the waste textile fiber, PVA, Glutaraldehyde (GA) and water are as follows: waste fabric fibers: 1-10 parts, PVA: 1-10 parts, GA: 0.05-0.5 part of water: 80-98 parts.
The low-temperature freezing condition is from-18 ℃ to-50 ℃ and the time is 8-24 hours.
The freeze-drying condition is from-50 ℃ to-70 ℃ for 12-72 hours.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the waste fabric is used as a raw material, so that the waste utilization is realized, the material is saved, the production cost is reduced, the pollution of the waste fabric and the waste paper pulp to the environment is reduced, and the economic and social benefits are huge.
(2) The environment-friendly material PVA is used as the aerogel composite matrix, and the PVA can be dissolved in water and can be biodegraded. PVA contains a large amount of hydroxyl groups which can form strong hydrogen bonds with hydroxyl groups, carbonyl groups, amino groups and other groups on waste fabrics. The PVA and the waste woven fabric fiber can form a three-dimensional net structure through hydrogen bonds, have certain mechanical properties and can be prepared into different shapes according to requirements.
(3) The PVA used in the invention is a green degradable high polymer material, the solvent is selected from water, the sodium hydroxide solvent for treating the waste fibers can be repeatedly used, and the whole preparation process is environment-friendly and harmless.
(4) The waste fabric fiber prepared by the method has a large amount of hydroxyl, and is a good hydrophilic material.
(5) The waste fabric aerogel prepared by the invention has high porosity, high water absorption and oil absorption, can insulate heat to reach the level of common natural fabrics, and can be used for heat insulation materials. The sound barrier is good, and can be used for sound insulation materials.
(6) The preparation method does not need to screen the waste fabrics, and the waste fabrics made of different materials can be directly used after cleaning and disinfection.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further clarified by combining the concrete.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but the scope of the invention as claimed is not limited to the examples.
Example 1:
and cutting the crushed, cleaned and sterilized waste fabric fibers to be 2-20 mm long. Taking waste fabric, putting the waste fabric into 20g/L sodium hydroxide solution, heating in water bath at 100 ℃, and stirring for 4 hours by using a mechanical stirrer. Washing with distilled water to neutrality, drying, adding 1g of the treated fabric, 50mg of GA, 10mL of 10% PVA (1799 type) aqueous solution into 79mL of distilled water, stirring to prepare hydrogel, and subjecting the hydrogel to ultrasonic reaction at 80 deg.C for 30 min. And taking out after the reaction is finished, pouring the mixture into a mold, freezing the mixture at the temperature of minus 20 ℃ for 24 hours, and freezing and drying the mixture at the temperature of minus 60 ℃ for 48 hours to obtain the waste fabric aerogel.
Example 2:
and cutting the crushed, cleaned and sterilized waste fabric fibers to be 2-20 mm long. Taking waste fabric, putting the waste fabric in 40g/L sodium hydroxide solution, heating the waste fabric at 80 ℃, and stirring the waste fabric for 2 hours by using a mechanical stirrer. Washing with distilled water to neutrality, drying, adding 2g of the treated fabric, 50mg of GA, 20mL of 10% PVA (1788 type) aqueous solution into 78mL of distilled water, stirring to obtain hydrogel, and subjecting the hydrogel to ultrasonic reaction at 80 deg.C for 30 min. And taking out after the reaction is finished, pouring the mixture into a mold, freezing the mixture at the temperature of minus 30 ℃ for 24 hours, and freezing and drying the mixture at the temperature of minus 70 ℃ for 48 hours to obtain the waste fabric aerogel.
Example 3:
and cutting the crushed, cleaned and sterilized waste fabric fibers to be 2-20 mm long. Taking waste fabric, putting the waste fabric in 60g/L sodium hydroxide solution, heating the waste fabric at 80 ℃, and stirring the waste fabric for 1 hour by using a mechanical stirrer. Washing with distilled water to neutrality, drying, adding 4g of the treated fabric, 50mg of GA, 20mL of 10% PVA (1799 type) aqueous solution into 76mL of distilled water, stirring to prepare hydrogel, and subjecting the hydrogel to ultrasonic reaction at 80 deg.C for 30 min. And taking out after the reaction is finished, pouring the mixture into a mold, freezing the mixture at the temperature of minus 40 ℃ for 24 hours, and freezing and drying the mixture at the temperature of minus 60 ℃ for 60 hours to obtain the waste fabric aerogel.
Example 4:
and cutting the crushed, cleaned and sterilized waste fabric fibers to be 2-20 mm long. Taking waste fabric, putting the waste fabric in 40g/L sodium hydroxide solution, heating the waste fabric at 80 ℃, and stirring the waste fabric for 2 hours by using a mechanical stirrer. Washing with distilled water to neutrality, drying, adding 8g of the treated fabric, 50mg of GA, 20mL of 20% PVA (1799 type) aqueous solution into 52mL of distilled water, stirring to obtain hydrogel, and subjecting the hydrogel to ultrasonic reaction at 80 deg.C for 30 min. And taking out after the reaction is finished, pouring the mixture into a mold, freezing the mixture at the temperature of minus 40 ℃ for 24 hours, and freezing and drying the mixture at the temperature of minus 60 ℃ for 60 hours to obtain the waste fabric aerogel.
Example 5
And cutting the crushed, cleaned and sterilized waste fabric fibers to be 2-20 mm long. Taking waste fabric, putting the waste fabric in 80g/L sodium hydroxide solution, heating the waste fabric at 80 ℃, and stirring the waste fabric for 1 hour by using a mechanical stirrer. Washing with distilled water to neutrality, drying, adding 10g of the treated fabric, 50mg of GA, 25mL of 20% PVA (1778 type) aqueous solution into 65mL of distilled water, stirring to obtain hydrogel, and subjecting the hydrogel to ultrasonic reaction at 80 deg.C for 30 min. And taking out after the reaction is finished, pouring the mixture into a mold, freezing the mixture at the temperature of minus 40 ℃ for 24 hours, and freezing and drying the mixture at the temperature of minus 60 ℃ for 60 hours to obtain the waste fabric aerogel.
Example 6
And cutting the crushed, cleaned and sterilized waste fabric fibers to be 2-20 mm long. The waste fabric is taken and placed in 40g/L sodium hydroxide solution, heated at 80 ℃ and stirred for 3 hours by a mechanical stirrer. Washing with distilled water to neutrality, drying, adding 2g of the treated fabric, 50mg of GA, 20mL of 20% PVA (1799 type) aqueous solution into 76mL of distilled water, stirring to obtain hydrogel, and subjecting the hydrogel to ultrasonic reaction at 80 deg.C for 30 min. And taking out after the reaction is finished, pouring the mixture into a mold, freezing the mixture at the temperature of minus 40 ℃ for 24 hours, and freezing and drying the mixture at the temperature of minus 60 ℃ for 60 hours to obtain the waste fabric aerogel.
The performance tests of the examples provided by the invention are shown in the following table:
as can be seen from the table above, the waste fabric fiber aerogel has very low density, very high porosity, high oil absorption rate and high water absorption rate, and the water absorption rate can even reach 21.3 g/g. In addition, the thermal conductivity coefficient is also lower and is close to the thermal conductivity coefficient (0.02-0.55) of common foam and fur, and the common heat insulation requirement is met. In addition, the compressive strength of the waste fabric aerogel is increased along with the increase of PVA, so that the waste fabric aerogel can keep a certain shape.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and inventive features of this invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation method of the waste fabric fiber aerogel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
cutting waste clothes into pieces, cleaning and sterilizing to obtain waste textile fibers;
immersing the cleaned waste fabric fibers into a sodium hydroxide solution for surface treatment;
adding the treated waste fabric fibers, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and Glutaraldehyde (GA) into a proper amount of water, carrying out ultrasonic and heating reaction to obtain a gel-like mixture, freezing the mixture at a low temperature, and freeze-drying to obtain the waste fabric aerogel.
2. The method for preparing the waste fabric fiber aerogel according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the waste fabric is obtained by crushing a textile fabric prepared from common fibers such as cotton, hemp, wool, terylene and acrylic fibers, and the length of the crushed fiber is 2-20 mm.
3. The method for preparing the waste fabric fiber aerogel according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 20-100 g/L.
4. The method for preparing the waste fabric fiber aerogel according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the sodium hydroxide solution is subjected to surface treatment, the reaction temperature is 60-100 ℃, and the reaction time is 1-4 hours.
5. The method for preparing the waste fabric fiber aerogel according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the polymerization degree of the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is 1200-2500.
6. The method for preparing the waste fabric fiber aerogel according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the addition amounts of the waste textile fiber, PVA, Glutaraldehyde (GA) and water are as follows: waste fabric fibers: 1-10 parts, PVA: 1-10 parts, GA: 0.05-0.5 part of water: 80-98 parts.
7. The method for preparing the waste fabric fiber aerogel according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the low-temperature freezing condition is from-18 ℃ to-50 ℃ and the time is 8-24 hours.
8. The method for preparing the waste fabric fiber aerogel according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the freeze drying condition is from-50 ℃ to-70 ℃ for 12-72 hours.
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113786819A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2021-12-14 | 武汉纺织大学 | Waste cotton fabric modified microfiber and preparation method and application thereof |
CN114409424A (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-04-29 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Method for preparing low-density, high-strength and large-size carbon aerogel composite material by water-phase normal-pressure drying |
CN114956674A (en) * | 2022-06-09 | 2022-08-30 | 西安工程大学 | Waste textile aerogel-based sound absorption and heat insulation material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN115260573A (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2022-11-01 | 天津工业大学 | Oriented PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) -doped magnesium hydroxide composite cellulose aerogel and preparation method thereof |
Citations (3)
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CN113786819A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2021-12-14 | 武汉纺织大学 | Waste cotton fabric modified microfiber and preparation method and application thereof |
CN114409424A (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-04-29 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Method for preparing low-density, high-strength and large-size carbon aerogel composite material by water-phase normal-pressure drying |
CN114956674A (en) * | 2022-06-09 | 2022-08-30 | 西安工程大学 | Waste textile aerogel-based sound absorption and heat insulation material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN115260573A (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2022-11-01 | 天津工业大学 | Oriented PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) -doped magnesium hydroxide composite cellulose aerogel and preparation method thereof |
CN115260573B (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2023-10-13 | 天津工业大学 | Directional PVA doped magnesium hydroxide composite cellulose aerogel and preparation method thereof |
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