CN112999247A - Preparation and extraction process of ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte, product and application thereof - Google Patents
Preparation and extraction process of ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte, product and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation and extraction process of ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte, a product thereof and application of the product in preparing a compound preparation with a sleep improvement effect. The preparation and extraction process comprises the following steps: taking ganoderma lucidum spore powder as a raw material, and obtaining a crude product of ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte by a protease enzymolysis method; filtering, concentrating, and drying to obtain the Ganoderma spore powder zymolyte. The prepared ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte is rich in water-soluble functional substances such as crude polysaccharide, total triterpenes, small peptides, amino acids and the like and ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte of alcohol-soluble active ingredients such as ganoderic acid, saponin, ergosterol and the like, and then the ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte, spina date seed and honey powder are used as active components to form a compound preparation, so that the compound preparation has an excellent effect of improving sleep, not only can the sleep latency be reduced, but also the sleep proportion can be improved, and the sleep time can be prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte, in particular to a preparation and extraction process of ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte, a product thereof and application in preparing a compound preparation with a function of improving sleep.
Background
Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal and edible fungus of Ganoderma (Ganoderma) of Polyporaceae of Basidiomycetes, called Ganoderma lucidum, herba Senecionis Cannabifolii, Ganoderma Mesona, etc., and has been used for medicinal use in China for 2000 years. Ganoderma Spore (Ganoderma Lucidum Spore) is ejected from pileus in the mature period of Ganoderma Lucidum, is the germ cell of Ganoderma Lucidum, has all genetic material of Ganoderma Lucidum, and has many pharmacological actions including resisting tumor, enhancing immunity, resisting virus, etc.
The main effective components of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder are polysaccharides, triterpenes, peptides, proteins, amino acids, trace elements and the like, wherein the content of the proteins is 15-18%, the proteins are mainly distributed in cell walls of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder, the ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte is a mixture prepared by taking the ganoderma lucidum spore powder as a raw material and utilizing biological technologies such as enzymolysis and the like, the ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte not only has the effective components of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder (the ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, the ganoderma lucidum triterpenes and the like) but also contains polypeptides, oligopeptides, amino acids and the like (the contents are mainly oligopeptides), which are small peptides with the number of amino acid residues of 2-12.
Chinese patent publication No. CN 106834403A discloses a method for extracting Ganoderma polypeptide, which comprises (1) pulverizing Ganoderma fruiting body to obtain Ganoderma powder; (2) refluxing Ganoderma powder with boiling water for 4 hr; (3) performing enzymolysis on the reflux extract with papain for 4-6 h; (4) spray drying the enzymatic hydrolysate.
Chinese patent application publication No. CN 101366737A discloses a method for preparing a nanometer ganoderma spore powder polypeptide product, which comprises (1) mixing ganoderma spore powder with 8-10 times of water, performing enzymolysis for 8-20h at 35-65 ℃ by 0.5-3.0% neutral protease, (2) inactivating enzyme for 3-15min, and (3) concentrating the zymolyte, and freeze-drying or spray-drying to obtain the nanometer ganoderma spore polypeptide product, wherein the nanometer ganoderma spore polypeptide product comprises 30-50% of polypeptide, 10-15% of polysaccharide, 20-40% of amino acid, and the balance of trace triterpenes, sterols and the like.
The Chinese patent with application publication number 10819195A discloses a method for extracting ganoderma lucidum polypeptide, which comprises the following steps: (1) pulverizing Ganoderma encarpium; (2) extracting with 70-80% ethanol under reflux for 3-6 hr; (3) concentrating the extract, and extracting protein in the concentrated solution with chloroform; (4) concentrating the extractive solution, purifying with silica gel column and LH-20 gel column respectively, concentrating the eluate under reduced pressure, and drying to obtain pure Ganoderma polypeptide product.
Among the three methods, the patent document with publication No. CN 106834403A prepares the Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body with a protein content of only about 2%, and the extracted material has a low relative content of proteins, peptides, amino acids and the like, and the extraction yield is not high, in the patent document with publication No. CN 101366737A, the obtained product components mainly contain water-soluble substances, such as 30-50% of Ganoderma lucidum polypeptide, 10-30% of crude polysaccharide, and 20-40% of amino acids, and other alcohol-soluble effective components in Ganoderma lucidum spores, such as ganoderic acid (Ganoderma triterpene), saponin, ergosterol, are not effectively extracted, and in the patent document with publication No. CN 10819195A, a Ganoderma lucidum polypeptide substance with high purity is obtained, wherein some effective components in Ganoderma lucidum, such as Ganoderma lucidum triterpene, and Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide, are removed in the separation and purification process, therefore, the functional components of the final product are reduced relative to the raw material ganoderma lucidum, the corresponding functional effects are reduced or lowered, and the relative yield is low due to the high purity of the ganoderma lucidum polypeptide of the final product.
Insomnia is a common sleep disorder, the occurrence of which is closely related to physical diseases, stress, anxiety and depression, and the incidence of insomnia has been increasing with the development of society and the increase of living pressure in recent years. Clinically, insomnia is mainly treated by sedative and hypnotic drugs, which have obvious adverse reactions to the central nervous system, and the drugs have drug resistance and dependence and aggravate the disease after long-term use. Therefore, functional foods having a sleep improving effect, which are relatively high in safety, are receiving attention.
The health department, "technical specifications for health food testing and evaluation (2003 edition)" specifies a method for evaluating health food for improving sleep function: direct sleep experiment, experiment for prolonging the sleep time of pentobarbital sodium, experiment for hypnotizing the dose under the pentobarbital sodium valve, experiment for sleep latency of the pentobarbital sodium and the like.
The biological activities of ganoderma lucidum polypeptides reported at present include antioxidation, blood sugar reduction, aging resistance and the like, such as rolling and the like (the sugar reduction function research of ganoderma lucidum active components in mice, Chinese veterinary medicine journal, 2015,49(1):29-32) researches suggest that the ganoderma lucidum polypeptides can increase the synthesis and secretion of insulin by enhancing the activity of SOD in liver cells, reducing the generation of harmful substances MDA, enhancing the oxidation resistance of organisms and protecting islet B cells of diabetic mice from further damage of free radicals and active oxygen, thereby reducing the blood sugar content. The experiments of the Donggao and the like (Donggao and the like, the separation and identification of the ganoderma lucidum polypeptide and the research of the activity of oxygen free radicals, the university of Beijing medical science, 1993, 25 (2): 145-146) prove that the ganoderma lucidum polypeptide has the anti-aging effect, and simultaneously discloses that the intrinsic anti-aging nature is the removal of the active oxygen free radicals on the oxygen erythrocyte membrane. However, no literature reports on the sleep improvement function of ganoderma lucidum polypeptide.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention discloses a preparation and extraction process of ganoderma spore powder zymolyte, which is characterized in that ganoderma spore powder with high protein content (about 15-18 percent, which is 7-9 times of the protein content of ganoderma sporocarp) is used as a raw material, and the ganoderma spore powder zymolyte which is rich in water-soluble functional substances such as crude polysaccharide, triterpene, small peptide and amino acid and alcohol-soluble active ingredients such as ganoderic acid, saponin and ergosterol is prepared by an enzymolysis method and a simple separation and purification process, so that the process is simple, easy to operate and low in production cost. The compound preparation prepared by taking the ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte prepared by the process as a raw material has the function of remarkably improving the sleep.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a preparation and extraction process of ganoderma spore powder zymolyte comprises the following steps:
(1) taking ganoderma lucidum spore powder as a raw material, and obtaining a crude product of ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte by a protease enzymolysis method;
the protease enzymolysis method specifically comprises the following steps:
mixing ganoderma lucidum spore powder, trypsin and an ethanol aqueous solution, and carrying out enzymolysis reaction at the temperature of 50-60 ℃ and under the pH value of 5.5-6.5;
the volume concentration of the ethanol water solution is 40-60%;
(2) and filtering the ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte crude product, concentrating and drying to obtain the ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte.
The invention discloses a preparation and extraction process, which takes ganoderma spore powder with higher protein content as a raw material, adopts specific trypsin to carry out enzymolysis reaction under an ethanol/water mixed system with certain concentration, thereby preparing the ganoderma spore powder zymolyte which is rich in water-soluble functional substances such as crude polysaccharide, triterpene, small peptide, amino acid and the like, and alcohol-soluble active ingredients such as ganoderic acid, saponin, ergosterol and the like.
Experiments show that if trypsin is replaced by other proteases such as papain, the content of small peptides with the molecular weight of 180-1000 Da in the finally prepared ganoderma lucidum spore zymolyte is remarkably reduced.
In the step (1):
the adding amount of the trypsin is 0.15-0.25 wt% based on the mass of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder; preferably 0.20 wt%.
The mass ratio of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder to the ethanol water solution is 1: 3-1: 4.
in the step (1), the time of the enzymolysis reaction is 2-5 h;
in the step (2), the drying is spray drying.
The invention also discloses a ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte prepared by the preparation and extraction processes, which is used for analyzing the main components and determining the molecular weight distribution of peptides in the components:
the main components comprise: crude polysaccharide: 1.5-4.5%, triterpene: 2.5-5.0%, small peptide: 7-18% of amino acid and 2-7% of amino acid;
the main components comprise crude polysaccharide, triterpene, small peptide and amino acid, and the balance of water, fat, protein and the like.
Peptide molecular weight distribution: the molecular weight is 0-180 Da: 6-8%, and the molecular weight is 180-1000 Da: 71-73%; the balance being peptides with a molecular weight greater than 1000 Da.
The invention also discloses application of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte in preparing a compound preparation with the function of improving sleep.
The method specifically comprises the following steps: a compound preparation with the effect of improving sleep comprises the raw materials of ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte, and the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by mass:
50-60 parts of ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte;
10-20 parts of spina date seeds;
8-15 parts of honey powder.
The experiment of the sleep latency period of the barbital sodium shows that the compound preparation with special composition disclosed by the invention has synergistic effect with the barbital sodium, and the sleep latency period of the barbital sodium can be obviously shortened; and the latency is further shortened with increasing dose.
The pentobarbital sodium subthreshold dose hypnosis experiment shows that the compound preparation with the special composition can obviously improve the sleep incidence rate, and the sleep incidence rate is gradually increased along with the increase of the dose.
Experiments for prolonging the sleep time of the sodium pentobarbital show that the compound preparation with the special composition can obviously prolong the sleep time induced by the sodium pentobarbital, and the sleep time is increased along with the increase of the dosage.
Therefore, the compound preparation with the special composition disclosed by the invention can promote the occurrence of sleep, is beneficial to the maintenance of the sleep and has an obvious effect of promoting the sleep.
Tests show that if the spina date seed or the honey powder in the compound preparation is removed, the sleep improving effect of the compound preparation is greatly reduced.
Preferably, the compound preparation with the function of improving sleep also comprises 18-22 parts of xylitol as a raw material. Xylitol is added as an auxiliary material for improving the taste of the compound preparation.
Further experiments show that in the preparation and extraction processes of the ganoderma spore powder zymolyte, ethanol aqueous solutions with different concentrations can cause the active ingredients in the extracted ganoderma spore powder zymolyte to change, thereby influencing the effect of the compound preparation prepared by the ganoderma spore powder zymolyte on improving sleep.
Preferably, the volume concentration of the ethanol water solution is 50-60%, and the ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte prepared at the moment:
the main components comprise: crude polysaccharide: 1.5-3.5%, total triterpenoids: 3.5-5.0%, small peptide: 7-17%, amino acid: 2-6%.
Tests show that the compound preparation consisting of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte prepared by the process parameters has shorter sleep-onset latency, higher sleep-onset proportion and longer sleep time, thereby having more excellent sleep improvement effect.
Further preferably, the volume concentration of the ethanol aqueous solution is 50%, and the ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte prepared at the moment:
the main components comprise: crude polysaccharide: 3-3.5%; triterpene: 3.5 to 4.0; small peptides: 16-16.5%; 5-6% of amino acid;
the peptide has a molecular weight distribution of: the molecular weight is 0-180 Da 6-8%, and the molecular weight is 180-1000 Da 71-73%.
Tests show that the compound preparation consisting of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte prepared by the process parameters has the best effect of improving the sleep.
Preferably, the compound preparation comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
the invention also discloses a preparation method of the compound preparation with the function of improving sleep, which comprises the following steps:
1) weighing the raw materials in parts by weight for later use;
2) grinding the spina date seeds into powder, and fully mixing the powder with the rest raw materials to obtain a mixed raw material;
3) adding edible ethanol and water into the mixed raw materials, granulating, and drying to obtain the compound preparation with the function of improving sleep.
In step 3):
the volume ratio of the edible ethanol to the water is 70: 30-95: 5;
the mass ratio of the edible ethanol to the mixed raw materials is 0.8: 1-2: 1.
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention discloses a preparation and extraction process of ganoderma spore powder zymolyte, which takes ganoderma spore powder with high protein content as a raw material, adopts specific trypsin, carries out enzymolysis reaction under an ethanol/water mixing system with certain concentration, and then carries out simple filtration, concentration and drying treatment.
The ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte prepared by the invention is rich in water-soluble functional substances such as crude polysaccharide, total triterpenes, small peptides, amino acids and the like, and also contains alcohol-soluble active ingredients such as ganoderic acid, saponin, ergosterol and the like, and the ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte, the spina date seed and the honey powder are used as active ingredients to form a compound preparation, so that the compound preparation has an excellent effect of improving sleep, not only can the sleep latency be reduced, but also the sleep proportion can be improved, and the sleep time can be prolonged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a standard spectrum of the relationship between the molecular weight of the peptide in the enzymatic hydrolysate of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder prepared in example 1 and the response time thereof, wherein, 1-2494 Da; 3-1523 Da; 4-1001 Da; 5-680 Da; 6-317 Da; 7-149 Da;
FIG. 2 is a molecular weight distribution spectrum of peptides in the enzymatic hydrolysate of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder prepared in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a molecular weight distribution spectrum of peptides in the enzymatic hydrolysate of Ganoderma spore powder prepared in comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
The method comprises the following steps: preparation of ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte
2000g of ganoderma lucidum spore powder, 4g of trypsin and 6000mL of 50% ethanol-water solution (v/v), putting the ganoderma lucidum spore powder, the trypsin and the 50% ethanol-water solution in a 10L stainless steel barrel, putting the stainless steel barrel in a constant-temperature water bath at 55 ℃, adjusting the pH value to 6.0, starting a stirrer to stir reaction liquid, controlling the rotating speed of the stirrer to be 300rpm, reacting for 4 hours, heating to 90 ℃, inactivating enzyme for 20min, taking out the reaction liquid, and filtering to obtain filtrate. Concentrating the filtrate, and spray drying to obtain Ganoderma spore powder zymolyte.
The molecular weight distribution of the peptides in the ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte prepared in the embodiment is tested and analyzed by gel permeation chromatography, and the result is shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and the following table 1 (the molecular weight distribution result of the peptides), because the average molecular weight of the amino acid is 125Da, substances with the molecular weight of 180-1000 Da in the ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte are mainly small peptides and account for 72.3%, and substances with the molecular weight of below 180Da account for 6.9%.
TABLE 1
The content of the main components of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte is measured according to the detection method of functional components of health food (edited by Baihong Ministry) and the national standard GB/T5009.5-2015, and the results are shown in the following table 2, wherein the content of crude polysaccharide, triterpene, small peptide and amino acid in the ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte is higher than that of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder.
TABLE 2
Step two: preparation of ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte compound preparation
A ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte compound preparation for improving sleep, in particular to a compound preparation capable of improving sleep disorder of pentobarbital sodium synergy, which comprises the following raw materials: 100g of ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte, 20g of spina date seed, 20g of honey powder and 40g of xylitol.
1) Weighing ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte, spina date seed, honey powder and xylitol according to the weight ratio for later use.
2) Grinding the spina date seeds into powder, and fully mixing all the raw materials in the step 1) to obtain a mixed raw material.
3) Adding 180mL of 85% (v/v) edible ethanol into the mixed raw materials, granulating, drying, and making into Ganoderma spore powder zymolyte compound preparation.
Step three: performance test, experiment of improving sleep function of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte compound preparation prepared in the embodiment
1.1 experiments and methods:
direct sleep experiments: the animals in the test group were observed to be administered 3 doses (120mg/kg · bw,180mg/kg · bw,240mg/kg · bw) of the test sample, and the control group was administered the same volume of the solvent (5% tween 80, 10mL/kg · bw) to see if sleep phenomenon occurred. The disappearance of the righting reflex is used as an index for sleeping. When the mouse is placed in the dorsal position, it can turn over right immediately. If the animal cannot be righted for more than 30-60 seconds, the righting reflex disappears, the animal enters sleep, the righting reflex recovery is the animal awakening, the period from the disappearance of the righting reflex to the recovery of the righting reflex is the animal sleep time, and the number of sleeping animals and the sleep time of blank control and test sample groups are recorded.
Barbiturate sodium sleep latency experiments: on the basis of the barbiturate sodium hypnosis, whether the test object shortens the latent period or not is observed, and if the sleep latent period is shortened, the test object and the barbiturate sodium have a synergistic effect. The animals in the test group were administered with test samples of 120mg/kg · bw,180mg/kg · bw, and 240mg/kg · bw, respectively, at low and medium doses of 3 doses, and the animals in the control group were administered with the same volume of solvent (5% tween 80, 10mL/kg · bw), and the presence or absence of sleep response was observed. The gavage is performed for 1 time every day, the gavage is continuously performed for 30 days, the animals are given the solvent and the tested samples with different concentrations for 10-20 minutes in the last time, 280 mg/kg-bw of barbital sodium is injected into the abdominal cavity of each group of animals, the injection amount is 0.1mL/10 g-bw, the disappearance of the righting reflex is taken as an index, and the influence of the tested samples on the sleep latency of the barbital sodium is observed.
Pentobarbital sodium subthreshold dose hypnosis test: the animals in the test group were observed to be administered with the test samples of 120mg/kg · bw,180mg/kg · bw and 240mg/kg · bw at the low and medium and 3 doses, respectively, and the animals in the control group were administered with the same volume of solvent (5% tween 80, 10mL/kg · bw) to see if sleep phenomena occurred. And (3) performing intragastric administration for 1 time every day for 30 days continuously, after the last intragastric administration for 60min, administering sodium pentobarbital of 32mg/kg · bw to each group of animals, wherein the injection amount is 0.1mL/10g · bw, the number of the animals falling asleep in each group within 30min is recorded, and the sleep incidence rate is calculated by taking the disappearance of righting reflex of the mice to more than 60s as a sleep-falling judgment standard. Sleep incidence (%) × 100 (number of sleeping animals/number of animals per group).
Experiment for prolonging sleep time of sodium pentobarbital: on the basis of the barbiturate sodium hypnosis, the test object is observed to prolong the sleep time, and if the sleep time is prolonged, the test object and the barbiturate sodium have a synergistic effect. Whether the sleep phenomenon appears when the animals in the tested group are given the tested samples of low dose, medium dose and high dose, namely 120 mg/kg-bw, 180 mg/kg-bw and 240 mg/kg-bw respectively, and the animals in the control group are given the solvent (5% Tween 80, 10 mL/kg-bw) with the same volume is observed. And (3) performing intragastric administration for 1 time every day for 30 days continuously, injecting 48 mg/kg-bw sodium pentobarbital into the abdominal cavity of each group of animals 10-15 minutes before peak effect appears, wherein the injection amount is 0.2mL/20 g-bw, and observing whether the test sample can prolong the sleep time of the sodium pentobarbital by taking disappearance of positive reflex as an index.
1.2 Experimental results and analysis
1.2.1 weight determination test
The initial weight of the ganoderma spore powder zymolyte compound group is not obviously different from that of the solvent control group, and after the continuous gavage for 30 days, the weight of the experimental mice of the ganoderma spore powder zymolyte compound group is not obviously different from that of the solvent control group.
1.2.2 direct sleep test
In each group of mice, within 60min after the mice are given the test substances, through experimental observation, the compound group of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte and the solvent control group have no direct sleep phenomenon, namely the compound group of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte and the control solvent have no direct hypnotic effect on the mice.
1.2.3 Effect of Ganoderma spore powder zymolyte Compound preparation on sleep latency of barbital sodium
Table 3 shows the effect of the compound preparation prepared in example 1 on sleep latency of barbiturate sodium at different doses. The sleep latency of the mice in the low, medium and high dose groups is respectively shortened by 29.0min, 25.6min and 24.4min along with the dose, the difference between the medium and high dose groups is obvious compared with that of a solvent positive control group, and is respectively reduced by 17.7 percent and 21.5 percent, which shows that the sleep time of the mice can be shortened by the combined action of the 240mg/kg · bw dose and a certain dose of barbiturate sodium.
TABLE 3
1.2.4 Effect of Ganoderma spore powder zymolyte compound preparation on hypnosis experiment of sodium pentobarbital in subthreshold dose
Table 4 shows the effect of the combination prepared in example 1 on the incidence of hypnosis at different doses of the subthreshold dose of sodium pentobarbital. As can be seen from the table, the sleep incidence rates of the low, medium and high dose groups of the compound preparation in example 1 are respectively 20%, 50% and 70%, which are higher than the sleep incidence rate (10%) of the solvent control group, and the sleep incidence rate gradually increases with the increase of the test dose.
TABLE 4
1.2.5 Effect of Ganoderma spore powder zymolyte compound preparation on sleep of pentobarbital sodium
Table 5 shows the effect of the compound preparation prepared in example 1 on the sleep time induced by pentobarbital sodium at different doses. As can be seen from the table, in the experiment of the pentobarbital sodium induced sleep time, the low, medium and high dose of the compound preparation of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte can respectively prolong the sleep time (P is less than 0.01) by 28.6min, 29.8min and 30.7min, compared with a solvent control group, the sleep time can be obviously prolonged, and the sleep time is increased along with the increase of the dose of the compound preparation of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte, wherein the high dose group is 21.3 percent higher than the control group of the pentobarbital sodium induced sleep time (30.7min)
TABLE 5
According to the data in the above table 3-5, from the results of the barbital sodium sleep latency period experiment, the pentobarbital sodium subliminal dose hypnosis experiment and the pentobarbital sodium sleep time induction experiment, the ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte compound preparation prepared in the embodiment 1 can promote the occurrence of sleep, is also beneficial to the maintenance of sleep, and is determined to have an obvious sleep promotion effect.
Comparative example 1
2000g of ganoderma lucidum spore powder, 4g of papain and 6000mL of 50% ethanol are placed in a 10L stainless steel barrel and placed in a thermostatic water bath at 60 ℃, the pH value is adjusted to be 6.5, a stirrer is started to stir reaction liquid, the rotating speed of the stirrer is controlled to be 300rpm, the reaction is carried out for 4 hours, the temperature is increased to 90 ℃, enzyme deactivation is carried out for 20 minutes, the reaction liquid is taken out, and filtration is carried out, so as to obtain filtrate. Concentrating the filtrate, and spray drying to obtain Ganoderma spore powder zymolyte.
The molecular weight distribution of the peptides in the ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte prepared in the embodiment is tested and analyzed by gel permeation chromatography, and the result is shown in fig. 3 and the following table 6 (the molecular weight distribution result of the peptides), wherein the small peptides with the molecular weight of 180-1000 Da in the ganoderma lucidum spore zymolyte prepared by the papain only account for 15.6%, and the large peptides or proteins with the molecular weight of more than 4000Da account for 50.7%.
TABLE 6
Step two: preparation of ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte compound preparation
A ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte compound preparation for improving sleep, in particular to a compound preparation capable of improving sleep disorder induced by pentobarbital sodium, which comprises the following raw materials: 100g of ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte, 20g of spina date seed, 20g of honey powder and 40g of xylitol.
1) Weighing ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte, spina date seed, honey powder and xylitol according to the weight ratio for later use.
2) Grinding the spina date seeds into powder, and fully mixing all the raw materials in the step 1) to obtain a mixed raw material.
3) Adding 300mL of 85% (v/v) edible ethanol into the mixed raw materials, granulating, drying, and making into Ganoderma spore powder zymolyte compound preparation with sleep improving effect.
Step three: performance test, experiment 2.1 of improving sleep function of Ganoderma spore powder zymolyte compound preparation and method thereof
In the same experiment and method as 1.1, the low and medium dosages of the compound preparation of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte prepared by the comparative example are 120 mg/kg-bw, 180 mg/kg-bw and 240 mg/kg-bw respectively.
2.2 Experimental results and analysis
2.2.1 Effect of Ganoderma spore powder zymolyte Compound preparation on sleep latency of Barbituric sodium
Table 7 shows the effect of the compound preparation prepared in comparative example 1 on sleep latency of barbital sodium at different doses. The sleep latency of the mice in the low, medium and high dose groups does not change obviously along with the increase of the dose, and the difference of each dose group is not obvious compared with that of a solvent positive control group, so that the compound preparation prepared in example 2 cannot effectively shorten the sleep time of the mice.
TABLE 7
2.2.2 Effect of Ganoderma spore powder zymolyte Compound preparation on pentobarbital dose hypnosis experiment
Table 8 shows the effect of the compound preparation prepared in comparative example 1 on the pentobarbital dose hypnosis test at different doses. As can be seen from the table, the sleep incidence rates of the low, medium and high dose groups of the compound preparation in example 2 are 10%, 20% and 10%, respectively, which are close to or slightly higher than the sleep incidence rate (10%) of the solvent control group, and the sleep incidence rate is almost unchanged with the increase of the test dose.
TABLE 8
2.2.3 Effect of Ganoderma spore powder zymolyte compound preparation on sleep induction by pentobarbital sodium
Table 9 shows the effect of the compound preparation prepared in comparative example 1 on sleep time induced by pentobarbital sodium at different dosages. As can be seen from the table, in the experiment of the sleep time induced by the pentobarbital sodium, the sleep time induced by the pentobarbital sodium with low, medium and high doses of the compound preparation of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte prepared in the comparative example 1 is 22.6min, 20.4min and 25.1min respectively, the effect of the sleep time induced by the pentobarbital sodium is not obvious compared with that of a solvent control group, and no obvious change trend exists along with the increase of the dose of the compound preparation of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte.
TABLE 9
As can be seen from the data in tables 7 to 9 above, from the results of the sleep latency period experiment of barbital sodium, the subliminal dose hypnosis experiment of pentobarbital sodium and the sleep time induction experiment of pentobarbital sodium, the ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte compound preparation prepared in the comparative example 1 has no obvious effect on promoting sleep, has no obvious effect on maintaining sleep, and is determined to have no obvious sleep promoting effect.
Comparative example 2
In the comparative example, 100g of ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte prepared in example 1, 20g of honey powder and 40g of xylitol are adopted to form a ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte compound preparation. The preparation process of the compound preparation is the same as that of example 1.
The results of the compound preparation prepared by the comparative example on the sleep latency period experiment of barbiturate sodium, the subliminal dose hypnosis experiment of the barbiturate sodium and the sleep time induction experiment of the barbiturate sodium are respectively shown in the following tables 10, 11 and 12, and the low, medium and high doses are respectively 120mg/kg · bw,180mg/kg · bw and 240mg/kg · bw. The experimental data in the table show that the compound preparation prepared in the comparative example 2 has a certain effect of improving sleep, for example, the sleep latency of the barbital sodium in a high-dose group is 28.3min, and is improved by 8.4% compared with a solvent control group; the sleep incidence rate of the high-dose group to the sodium pentobarbital subthreshold dose is 30 percent and is improved by 15 percent compared with the control group; the sleep time of the high-dose group induced by the sodium pentobarbital is 27.8min, which is 11.2 percent higher than that of the control group. However, the effect of improving sleep was significantly reduced compared to the compound preparation of example 1.
Watch 10
TABLE 11
TABLE 12
Comparative example 3
100g of ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte prepared in the embodiment 1 is adopted to be combined with 20g of spina date seed and 40g of xylitol to form a ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte compound preparation. The preparation process of the compound preparation is the same as that of example 1.
The results of the compound preparation prepared by the comparative example on the experiment of the barbiturate sodium induced sleep latency period, the experiment of the pentobarbital sodium subliminal dose hypnosis and the experiment of the pentobarbital sodium induced sleep time are respectively shown in the following tables 13, 14 and 15, and the low, medium and high doses are respectively 120mg/kg · bw,180mg/kg · bw and 240mg/kg · bw. As shown in the experimental data in the table, the compound preparation prepared in the comparative example 3 also has a certain effect of improving sleep, for example, the sleep latency of barbital sodium in a high-dose group is 26.6min, and is improved by 15.8% compared with a solvent control group; the sleep incidence rate of the high-dose group to the sodium pentobarbital subthreshold dose is 40 percent and is improved by 30 percent compared with the control group; the sleep time of the high-dose group to the sodium pentobarbital is 28.8min, which is 11.6 percent higher than that of the control group. However, the effect of improving sleep was significantly reduced compared to the compound preparation of example 1.
Watch 13
TABLE 14
Example 2
1500g of ganoderma spore powder, 3g of trypsin, 6000mL of ethanol-water solution with different volume concentrations (0%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 100%), placing the mixture into a 10L stainless steel barrel, placing the stainless steel barrel into a 50 ℃ constant temperature water bath, adjusting the pH value to 5.5, starting a stirrer to stir reaction liquid, controlling the rotating speed of the stirrer to be 300rpm, reacting for 4 hours, heating to 90 ℃ to inactivate enzyme for 20min, taking out the reaction liquid, and filtering to obtain filtrate, namely ganoderma spore powder zymolyte. Concentrating the filtrate, and spray drying to obtain Ganoderma spore powder zymolyte.
The main component analysis of the different enzymatic hydrolysates of ganoderma lucidum spore powder prepared in this example is shown in table 16 below, which shows that when 100% water is used as solvent to carry out enzymatic hydrolysis treatment and active substance extraction on ganoderma lucidum spore powder, the crude polysaccharide content in the final product is higher by 5.03%, while the triterpene content is the lowest, only 2.07%; when 100% ethanol is used as a solvent to carry out enzymolysis treatment and active substance extraction on ganoderma lucidum spore powder, crude polysaccharide in the obtained final product is hardly extracted, the content of small peptide is only 0.65%, which is related to low alcohol dissolubility of crude polysaccharide and peptide substances, and the content of triterpene is higher than 6.30%, so that the two modes of taking 100% water as the solvent and 100% ethanol as the solvent are not used for further preparation of compound preparations and corresponding animal experiments.
In the following examples 3 to 4, preparation of ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte, development of compound preparation products and corresponding animal tests were performed with 40% ethanol as a solvent and 60% ethanol as a solvent, respectively.
TABLE 16
Example 3
The method comprises the following steps: preparation of ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte
Putting 1000g of ganoderma lucidum spore powder, 2g of trypsin and 3500mL of 40% ethanol in a 10L stainless steel barrel, putting the stainless steel barrel in a thermostatic water bath at 55 ℃, adjusting the pH value to 6.0, starting a stirrer to stir reaction liquid, controlling the rotating speed of the stirrer to be 300rpm, reacting for 4 hours, heating to 90 ℃, inactivating enzyme for 20 minutes, taking out the reaction liquid, and filtering to obtain filtrate. Concentrating the filtrate, and spray drying to obtain Ganoderma spore powder zymolyte.
Step two: preparation of ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte compound preparation
A ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte compound preparation for improving sleep, in particular to a compound preparation capable of improving sleep disorder induced by pentobarbital sodium, which comprises the following raw materials: 550g of ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte, 150g of spina date seed, 100g of honey powder and 200g of xylitol.
The ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte compound preparation with the function of improving sleep also comprises the following preparation method:
1) weighing ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte, spina date seed, honey powder and xylitol according to the weight ratio for later use.
2) Grinding the spina date seeds into powder, and fully mixing all the raw materials in the step 1) to obtain a mixed raw material.
3) Adding 1500mL of 85% (v/v) edible ethanol/water solution into the mixed raw materials, granulating, drying, and making into the Ganoderma spore powder zymolyte compound preparation with sleep improving effect. Step three: performance test, experiment of improving sleep function of Ganoderma spore powder zymolyte compound preparation
3.1 experiments and methods
Same 1.1 experiment and method
3.2 Experimental results and analysis
The results of the test on the sleep latency period of barbiturate sodium, the subliminal dose hypnosis test of pentobarbital sodium and the sleep time induction test of pentobarbital sodium of the compound preparation prepared in the embodiment are respectively shown in table 17, table 18 and table 19, and the test data in the table show that the compound preparation prepared in the embodiment 3 has the effect of improving the sleep to a certain extent, for example, the sleep latency period of the barbital sodium in the high-dose group is 27.2min, the sleep latency period is improved by 12.0% compared with the solvent control group, the sleep incidence rate of the subliminal dose of the pentobarbital sodium in the high-dose group is 40%, the sleep latency period is improved by 3 times compared with the control group, the sleep time induction time of the pentobarbital sodium in the high-dose group is 28.. However, the effect of improving sleep was significantly reduced compared to the compound preparation of example 1.
TABLE 17
Watch 18
Example 4
The method comprises the following steps: preparation of ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte
Putting 1000g of ganoderma spore powder, 2g of trypsin and 4000mL of 60% ethanol in a 10L stainless steel barrel, putting the stainless steel barrel in a thermostatic water bath at 50 ℃, adjusting the pH value to 6.5, starting a stirrer to stir reaction liquid, controlling the rotating speed of the stirrer to be 300rpm, reacting for 4 hours, heating to 90 ℃, inactivating enzyme for 20 minutes, taking out the reaction liquid, and filtering to obtain filtrate, namely the ganoderma spore powder zymolyte. Concentrating the filtrate, and spray drying to obtain the final product.
Step two: preparation of ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte compound preparation
A ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte compound preparation for improving sleep, in particular to a compound preparation capable of improving sleep disorder induced by pentobarbital sodium, which comprises the following raw materials: 550g of ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte, 150g of spina date seed, 100g of honey powder and 200g of xylitol.
The ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte compound preparation with the function of improving sleep also comprises the following preparation method:
1) weighing ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte, spina date seed, honey powder and xylitol according to the weight ratio for later use.
2) Grinding the spina date seeds into powder, and fully mixing all the raw materials in the step 1) to obtain a mixed raw material.
3) Adding 1000mL of 95% edible ethanol/water solution into the mixed raw materials, granulating, drying, and making into the Ganoderma spore powder zymolyte compound preparation with sleep improving effect.
Step three: performance test, experiment of improving sleep function of Ganoderma spore powder zymolyte compound preparation
4.1 experiments and methods
Same 1.1 experiment and method
4.2 Experimental results and analysis
The results of the compound preparation prepared in this example on the sleep latency test of barbiturate sodium, the subliminal dose hypnosis test of pentobarbital sodium and the sleep time induction test of pentobarbital sodium are shown in the following tables 20, 21 and 22, respectively.
TABLE 21
TABLE 22
As can be seen from the experimental data in the table, the compound preparation prepared in example 4 has a certain effect of improving sleep, for example, the sleep latency of barbital sodium in the high-dose group is 26.0min, which is improved by 15.6% compared with the solvent control group; the sleep incidence rate of the high-dose group to the sodium pentobarbital subthreshold dose is 50 percent and is improved by 4 times compared with that of the control group; the sleep time of the high-dose group induced by the sodium pentobarbital is 29.8min, which is improved by 19.2 percent compared with the control group. However, the effect of improving sleep was reduced compared to the compound preparation of example 1.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation and extraction process of ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) taking ganoderma lucidum spore powder as a raw material, and obtaining a crude product of ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte by a protease enzymolysis method;
the protease enzymolysis method specifically comprises the following steps:
mixing ganoderma lucidum spore powder, trypsin and an ethanol aqueous solution, and carrying out enzymolysis reaction at the temperature of 50-60 ℃ and under the pH value of 5.5-6.5;
the volume concentration of the ethanol water solution is 40-60%;
(2) and filtering the ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte crude product, concentrating and drying to obtain the ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte.
2. The preparation and extraction process of ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1):
the adding amount of the trypsin is 0.15-0.25 wt% based on the mass of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder;
the mass ratio of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder to the ethanol water solution is 1: 3-1: 4.
3. the preparation and extraction process of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation process comprises the following steps:
in the step (1), the time of the enzymolysis reaction is 2-5 h;
in the step (2), the drying is spray drying.
4. The preparation and extraction process of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte as claimed in claim 1, wherein the volume concentration of the ethanol aqueous solution is 50-60%.
5. A ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte obtained by the preparation and extraction process according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the analysis of main components and the molecular weight distribution of peptides in the components are determined as follows:
the main components comprise: crude polysaccharide: 1.5-4.5%, triterpene: 2.5-5.0%, small peptide: 7-18%, amino acid: 2-7%;
peptide molecular weight distribution: the molecular weight is 0-180 Da: 6-8%, and the molecular weight is 180-1000 Da: 71-73%.
6. A compound preparation with the effect of improving sleep is characterized in that raw materials comprise the ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte as claimed in claim 5, and the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by mass:
50-60 parts of ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte;
10-20 parts of spina date seeds;
8-15 parts of honey powder.
7. The compound preparation with sleep improvement effect according to claim 6, wherein the ganoderma lucidum spore powder zymolyte mainly comprises the following components: crude polysaccharide: 1.5-3.5%, total triterpenoids: 3.5-5.0%, small peptide: 7-17%, amino acid: 2-6%.
8. The compound preparation with the sleep improving effect according to claim 6, wherein the raw material composition further comprises 18-22 parts of xylitol.
9. The compound preparation with the sleep improving effect according to claim 8, which is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by mass:
10. the preparation method of the compound preparation with the sleep improvement effect according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) weighing the raw materials in parts by weight for later use;
2) grinding the spina date seeds into powder, and fully mixing the powder with the rest raw materials to obtain a mixed raw material;
3) adding edible ethanol and water into the mixed raw materials, granulating, and drying to obtain the compound preparation with the function of improving sleep;
the volume ratio of the edible ethanol to the water is 70: 30-95: 5;
the mass ratio of the edible ethanol to the mixed raw materials is 0.8: 1-2: 1.
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