CN112998816B - Bone marrow blood puncture point positioning, extracting and anti-coagulation device - Google Patents
Bone marrow blood puncture point positioning, extracting and anti-coagulation device Download PDFInfo
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- CN112998816B CN112998816B CN202110170293.8A CN202110170293A CN112998816B CN 112998816 B CN112998816 B CN 112998816B CN 202110170293 A CN202110170293 A CN 202110170293A CN 112998816 B CN112998816 B CN 112998816B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/34—Trocars; Puncturing needles
- A61B17/3403—Needle locating or guiding means
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/34—Trocars; Puncturing needles
- A61B17/3494—Trocars; Puncturing needles with safety means for protection against accidental cutting or pricking, e.g. limiting insertion depth, pressure sensors
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/34—Trocars; Puncturing needles
- A61B17/3403—Needle locating or guiding means
- A61B2017/3405—Needle locating or guiding means using mechanical guide means
- A61B2017/3411—Needle locating or guiding means using mechanical guide means with a plurality of holes, e.g. holes in matrix arrangement
Abstract
A bone marrow blood puncture point positioning, extracting and anti-coagulation device comprises a positioning device, a blood drawing device and an automatic swinging device, wherein the positioning device comprises a placing plate, a transverse plate with scales is arranged on the placing plate in a sliding manner, a vertical plate with scales is arranged on the transverse plate in a sliding manner, the scales on the transverse plate are distributed along the sliding direction of the vertical plate, the scales on the transverse plate are vertical to the distribution direction of the scales of the transverse plate, a posterior superior iliac spine positioning plate is arranged on the vertical plate in a sliding manner along the scale direction, and a plurality of positioning holes are distributed on the posterior superior iliac spine positioning plate; the blood drawing device comprises a puncture needle, an inner core is inserted into a through cavity in the puncture needle during puncture, and a blood drawing tube is connected during blood drawing. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: can find a plurality of puncture points fast, can directly draw blood after the puncture finishes, reduce patient's misery, the negative pressure pipe can draw blood automatically, and bone marrow blood in the negative pressure pipe constantly rocks, prevents that blood from solidifying.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of orthopedic medical instruments, and particularly relates to a bone marrow blood puncture point positioning, extracting and anti-coagulation device.
Background
Stem cell transplantation is one of the most effective methods for treating hematological malignancies at the present stage, and has excellent therapeutic effects on bone tissue repair and reconstruction methods, and the development of bone tissue engineering technology is being established on the utilization of mesenchymal stem cells of bone marrow. Hematopoietic stem cells are mainly derived from bone marrow blood, peripheral blood and umbilical cord blood, and mesenchymal stem cells are mainly derived from bone marrow. For patients needing bone marrow transplantation treatment, the combination of hematopoietic stem cells and bone marrow stem cell transplantation can reduce the occurrence of chronic graft-versus-host disease and improve the quality of life of the patients. The collection of sufficient bone marrow blood is the key to ensure the success of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone marrow contains abundant hematopoietic stem cells, has the functions of self-replication, differentiation, growth, development and the like, and is one of the main sources of stem cells in the large-dose combined hematopoietic stem cell transplantation of malignant blood system diseases and solid tumors. For orthopedic diseases, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells rich in bone marrow blood can be converted into osteogenesis under certain environment so as to be applied to repair and reconstruction of bone tissues, the development of bone tissue engineering technology further promotes the application of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the orthopedic diseases, autologous bone marrow is rich in original cells for tissue repair, and autologous bone marrow or allogeneic bone marrow transplantation can be clinically applied to various diseases. While bone marrow apheresis is the primary route for obtaining bone marrow blood.
Bone marrow aspiration is the basic operation technique of bone marrow collection, and is usually performed clinically by puncturing and extracting the posterior superior iliac spine. The sector bone plate extending upward from the ilium is called the ilium wing, the upper edge of which is fat and is arched upward and convexly curved, called the iliac crest. The anterior edge of the wing curves downward to reach the acetabulum and has two bony processes, namely the anterior superior iliac spine and the anterior inferior iliac spine. Generally, the anterior superior iliac spine is positioned by the iliac spine on the upper edge of the hip bone, the body surface of the anterior superior iliac spine is easy to reach, the full length of the iliac crest can be reached backwards along the anterior superior iliac spine, and the posterior superior iliac spine is positioned at the rearmost end. The posterior superior iliac spine is relatively flat, so that most of bone marrow blood is clinically extracted from the posterior superior iliac spine, cancellous bones are relatively rich and are easy to extract, the position of a puncture needle is easy to fix, the bone marrow blood is relatively thin and can be easily touched and accurately punctured, but for fat patients with obesity, subcutaneous fat is fat, particularly, fat at the hip and the sacral tail is easy to accumulate, the posterior superior iliac spine is difficult to touch, particularly, young doctors with poor experience are difficult to accurately position, and the bone marrow blood is often punctured and explored for many times, so that the pain of the patients is increased. The required amount of the bone marrow blood is large, most of the bone marrow blood needs about 200ml, and when the bone marrow blood is extracted according to clinical experience, the puncture point needs to be replaced every 10ml of the bone marrow blood is extracted, so that the influence on the curative effect caused by continuous suction and extraction of venous blood at one puncture point is avoided.
Bone marrow aspiration is the basic operation technique for extracting blood from bone marrow, and is usually performed clinically by puncturing and extracting the posterior superior iliac spine. The far end of the prior common bone marrow puncture needle is far from the deep part when the hip tissue is thick. At present, the bone marrow is extracted by a syringe through manual negative pressure, an anticoagulant tube is required to be prepared before extraction, and no self-contained negative pressure anticoagulant tube suitable for extracting a large amount of bone marrow blood is available. In addition, bone marrow blood is easy to coagulate during the drawing process, and there is a possibility of coagulation even if an anticoagulant is given, and one factor of coagulation is that the syringe cannot be shaken when the bone marrow blood is drawn by the syringe, and the syringe can only be pulled out for shaking every 10ml of blood drawn, so that the drawing time is increased, and the risk of coagulation cannot be avoided.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems that the puncture point of the posterior superior iliac spine is not easy to find and bone marrow blood needs to be extracted from a plurality of puncture points, the invention provides a bone marrow blood puncture point positioning, extracting and anti-coagulation device.
The purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme. According to the bone marrow blood puncture point positioning, extracting and anti-coagulation device provided by the invention, the bone marrow blood puncture point positioning, extracting and anti-coagulation device comprises a positioning device, a blood extracting device and an automatic swinging device, wherein the positioning device comprises a placing rack for placing the device on an operating table, a transverse plate is arranged in a sliding manner in the vertical direction of the placing rack, scales are distributed on the transverse plate in the direction vertical to the self sliding direction of the transverse plate, a vertical plate with scales is arranged on the transverse plate in a sliding manner, the vertical plate slides in the scale distribution direction of the transverse plate, and the scale direction of the vertical plate is vertical to the scale distribution direction of the transverse plate; the vertical plate is provided with a posterior superior iliac spine positioning plate which slides along the scale direction of the horizontal plate, a plurality of positioning holes are distributed on the posterior superior iliac spine positioning plate, the projection of the distribution area of the positioning holes on the posterior superior iliac spine positioning plate on the plane of the horizontal plate and the vertical plate is in the projection range of the posterior superior iliac spine on the plane, and the outer contour of the posterior superior iliac spine positioning plate is coated with a developing wire which is convenient for displaying the outer contour of the posterior superior iliac spine positioning plate on an image shot by X-ray fluoroscopy;
the blood drawing device comprises a puncture needle, an inner core is inserted into a through cavity in the puncture needle during puncture, a blood drawing tube is connected during blood drawing, after the inner core is inserted into the puncture needle, the inner cavity of the puncture needle is filled to form a solid puncture needle for surgical puncture, after the puncture needle is connected with the blood drawing tube, the inner cavities of the puncture needle and the blood drawing tube are communicated, the puncture needle body for puncture at the head of the puncture needle is distributed with scales along the puncture direction, the tail end of a blood drawing part connected with the puncture needle of the blood drawing tube is a conical head, and after the blood drawing part is inserted into the inner cavity of the puncture needle, the conical head is abutted against a rubber pad on the inner conical wall of the cavity of the puncture needle to seal the inner cavity and the outer part; the tail part of the blood drawing tube is a blood injection part, during blood drawing, a blood injection needle on the blood injection part is inserted in the negative pressure tube, the inside of the negative pressure tube is vacuum, blood is pumped into the negative pressure tube under the action of negative pressure, and the negative pressure tube is placed in the automatic swinging device to enable the negative pressure tube to continuously shake so as to prevent blood in the negative pressure tube from coagulating.
Furthermore, a vertical plate bump is arranged in the middle of the vertical plate, and a square through hole for the transverse plate to pass through is formed in the vertical plate bump; the vertical plate is provided with a threaded through hole vertically communicated with the square through hole, and the threaded through hole is internally connected with a left fixing knob and a right fixing knob which are used for fixing the transverse plate and the vertical plate.
Furthermore, the shape of the posterior superior iliac spine positioning plate is a flat plate, one end of the positioning plate is provided with a positioning plate lug, and the positioning plate lug is provided with a square through hole for the vertical plate to pass through; the rear upper iliac spine positioning plate is provided with a threaded through hole vertically communicated with the square through hole, and the threaded through hole is internally threaded with an upper fixing knob and a lower fixing knob for fixing the vertical plate and the rear upper iliac spine positioning plate; a plurality of positioning holes are distributed on the lower portion of the posterior superior iliac spine positioning plate, the diameter of each positioning hole is 2.5mm, and the center distance between every two adjacent positioning holes is 5.0 mm.
Furthermore, the tail part of the puncture needle is a puncture needle handle, the middle part of the puncture needle handle is inwards sunken, a plurality of bulges are arranged on the sunken part, the puncture needle handle is convenient for a user to hold by the hand, and a blocking block is arranged between the puncture needle handle and the puncture needle body to prevent the puncture needle from being punctured too deeply; the blocking block is connected to the puncture needle handle in a threaded mode, the blocking block is screwed, and the distance between the blocking block and the needle point of the puncture needle body is changed.
Furthermore, a limiting bulge is arranged on an inner core handle on the inner core, a limiting groove is arranged on the puncture needle corresponding to the limiting bulge, and when the inner core is matched with the puncture needle, the limiting bulge is embedded into the limiting groove, so that the position fixation between the inner core and the puncture needle is realized; the tail end of the inner core needle body and the tail end of the puncture needle body are in an oblique cone shape, and when the limiting protrusion is embedded into the limiting groove, the tail end of the inner core needle head is overlapped with the oblique cone-shaped tail end of the puncture needle body.
Furthermore, side holes distributed along the length direction of the puncture needle body are arranged near the needle point of the puncture needle body.
Furthermore, the opening of the negative pressure pipe is sealed by a sealing film supported by rubber materials.
Furthermore, the through transition position of the cavity in the puncture needle handle and the cavity in the puncture needle body is a conical cavity, and a rubber pad is arranged on the inner wall of the conical cavity.
Furthermore, the automatic swinging device comprises a placing box which is provided with a plurality of cavities for placing the negative pressure tubes and the bottom of which is provided with a magnet; two ends of the placing box are respectively provided with a connecting rod, the upper ends of the connecting rods are fixedly connected with the same cross rod, two ends of the cross rod are respectively connected with a bearing seat, the cross rod can rotate in the bearing seats under the action of external force, and the bearing seats are fixedly connected with a base below the placing box through a support; the base is provided with an electromagnetic coil, the power-on switch of the electromagnetic coil is an electromagnetic induction switch which is arranged in the base and is correspondingly switched on and off according to the strength of a magnetic field, and a manually controlled switch is connected in series with the electromagnetic induction switch.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. by adjusting the relative positions between the transverse plate and the placing frame, between the vertical plate and the transverse plate, and between the posterior superior iliac spine positioning plate and the vertical plate, the position of the posterior superior iliac spine can be accurately found, blood can be directly drawn on the posterior superior iliac spine positioning plate, test puncture is not needed, and the pain of a patient is reduced;
2. the through hole arranged on the posterior superior iliac spine positioning plate can quickly find the next puncture point after the blood drawing of one puncture point is finished, so that the influence on the curative effect caused by the continuous drawing of venous blood of one puncture point is avoided;
3. after puncture by using the puncture needle is completed, the blood drawing tube can be directly connected to the puncture needle, so that direct blood drawing is facilitated, the blood drawing needle tube does not need to be replaced, and the pain of a patient is reduced;
4. after the blood drawing tube is inserted into the negative pressure tube, blood can be automatically drawn into the negative pressure tube;
5. the negative pressure tube is placed on the automatic swinging device, so that the negative pressure tube continuously swings to prevent blood from coagulating;
6. a plurality of negative pressure pipes can be placed on the automatic swinging device, one negative pressure pipe can be replaced by another negative pressure pipe after being filled, and the negative pressure pipes are continuously extracted and shaken;
7. the puncture needle is provided with the blocking block and the scales, so that the puncture needle is prevented from being punctured too deeply and damaging other tissues of a human body.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention may be implemented in accordance with the content of the description, and in order to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the following preferred embodiments are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a post-positioning blood draw in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the positioning device of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the delocalized plate in the direction C-C of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a partial view at B of FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is a front view of the blood drawing device of FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 is a front elevational view of the needle of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a front sectional view of the lancet with an inner core during puncturing;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the needle of FIG. 6 shown attached to a flexible tube during blood withdrawal;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the negative pressure tube of FIG. 6;
fig. 11 is a top view of the automatic rocking device of fig. 6.
[ reference numerals ]
1-ilium, 101-ilium wing, 102-iliac crest, 103-anterior superior iliac spine, 104-anterior inferior iliac spine, 105-posterior superior iliac spine, 2-sacral intermediate line, 3-placing rack, 301-placing plate, 302-rib plate, 303-upper and lower adjusting button, 304-vertical rod, 4-horizontal plate, 5-vertical plate, 501-vertical plate lug, 502-left and right fixing knob, 6-posterior superior iliac spine positioning plate, 601-upper and lower fixing knob, 602-positioning hole, 603-positioning plate lug, 7-puncture needle, 701-puncture needle body, 702-side hole, 703-scale, 704-blocking block, 705-puncture needle handle, 706-positioning groove, 707-rubber pad, 8-blood drawing vessel, 801-blood drawing part, 80101-fastening cover, 80102-conical head, 802-blood injection part, 80201-fixed wing, 80202-blood injection needle, 803-rubber tube, 9-negative pressure tube, 901-cover, 902-sealing film, 903-tube, 10-automatic swinging device, 1001-placing box, 1002-connecting rod, 1003-cross rod, 1004-bearing seat, 1005-support, 1006-base, 1007-electromagnetic coil, 1008-magnet, 11-inner core, 1101-inner core handle, 1102-positioning projection, 1103-inner core needle.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
An embodiment of a bone marrow blood puncture point positioning, extracting and anti-coagulation device of the invention is shown in fig. 1 to fig. 11, and comprises a positioning device, an extracting device and an automatic swinging device 10, wherein the positioning device is explained firstly, the positioning device comprises a placing frame 3, a transverse plate 4, a vertical plate 5 and an upper iliac spine positioning plate 6, the upper, lower, left, right and front and back directions of fig. 2 are the upper, lower, left, right and front and back directions of the embodiment in an application scene, when a puncture point is marked on a patient, the patient lies on the side of the operating table, the device is also placed on the operating table and is tightly close to the back of the patient, the device comprises the placing frame 3, the placing frame 3 comprises a placing plate 301, a rib plate 302, an upper and lower adjusting button 303 and a vertical rod 304, the vertical rod 304 is a vertically arranged elongated cuboid, the bottom is fixedly connected to the placing plate 301, the placing plate 301 is a flat plate, two rib plates 302 are arranged between the vertical rod 304 and the placing plate 301, the bottom of the vertical rod 304 is fixedly connected to one corner of the placing plate 301, the vertical rods 304 of the placing frame 3 are parallel to each other, the transverse plate 4 is slidably arranged between the two vertical rods 304, the transverse plate 4 is perpendicular to the two vertical rods 304 at the same time, the fixedly connected positions of the two placing plates 301 and the vertical rods 304 are close to each other, and when the placing frame is placed on an operating table, the placing frame is also close to the posterior superior iliac spine of a patient, so that the transverse plate 4 arranged on the vertical rod 304, the vertical plate 5 arranged on the transverse plate 4 and the posterior superior iliac spine positioning plate 7 arranged on the vertical plate 5 can be close to the posterior superior iliac spine 105 of the patient, and more accurate positioning is facilitated; a cavity is arranged in the vertical rod 304 along the vertical direction and is communicated with the outside through a groove on the side of the vertical rod 304, the transverse plate 4 is a long-strip cuboid, two ends of the transverse plate 4 are bumps, two ends of the transverse plate 4 penetrate through the groove on the vertical rod 304 and enable a bulge on the end part to slide in the cavity corresponding to the vertical rod 304, the other side of the vertical rod 304 is also provided with a groove, the upper and lower adjusting knobs 303 penetrate through the groove, one ends of the upper and lower adjusting knobs 303 are handles, the other ends of the upper and lower adjusting knobs are studs, bosses are arranged in the middle of the upper and lower adjusting knobs 303, the studs penetrate through the groove on the other side of the vertical rod 304 and are screwed into threaded holes in the bulge of the transverse plate 4, when the transverse plate 4 slides to a proper position, the upper and lower adjusting bolts 303 are screwed, the bulge of the transverse plate 4 is tightly pressed in the cavity, and the bosses on the upper and lower adjusting knobs 303 are tightly pressed on the outer side of the vertical rod 304, so that the transverse plate 4 and the vertical rod 304 are fixed; the back side of the transverse plate 4 is tightly leaned against the back of a patient when in use, the transverse plate 4 is provided with a vertical plate 5 in a sliding manner, the vertical plate 5 slides in the length direction of the transverse plate 4, and scales are distributed and marked on the front side of the transverse plate 4 in the sliding direction of the vertical plate 5; the vertical plate 5 is also a rectangular cuboid, a vertical plate convex block 501 and left and right fixing knobs 502 are arranged on the vertical plate 5, the length direction of the vertical plate 5 is vertical to the length direction of the transverse plate 4, the rear side surface of the middle position of the vertical plate 5 is provided with the vertical plate convex block 501 which is connected with the vertical plate 5 into a whole, the middle part of the vertical plate convex block 501 is provided with a square through hole, the inner diameter size of the square through hole is slightly larger than the outer contour size of the cross section of the transverse plate 4, the transverse plate 4 passes through the square through hole to enable the vertical plate convex block 501 to drive the vertical plate 5 to slide on the transverse plate 4 along the horizontal direction, the front side surface of the middle position of the vertical plate 5 is provided with a threaded hole which penetrates through the vertical plate 5 and is communicated with the square through hole, the threaded hole is in threaded connection with the left and right fixing knobs 502, one end of the left and right fixing knobs 502 are studs in threaded connection with the threaded holes, the other end of the cross-shaped handle which is convenient to screw screwing, when the vertical plate 5 slides on the transverse plate 4 through the vertical plate convex block 501 to a proper position, the left and right fixing knobs 502 are screwed to enable the tail ends of the studs to abut against the front side face of the transverse plate 4, so that the vertical plate 5 and the transverse plate 4 are fixed in position, and scales are distributed and marked on the front side face of the vertical plate 5 in the vertical plate length direction (the direction perpendicular to the scale distribution direction of the transverse plate 4).
A vertical plate 5 is provided with a posterior superior iliac spine positioning plate 6 in a sliding manner, the posterior superior iliac spine positioning plate 6 slides in the length direction of the vertical plate (the scale distribution direction of the vertical plate 5), the posterior superior iliac spine positioning plate 6 is a flat plate with a certain thickness, the front side surface of the right end of the posterior superior iliac spine positioning plate 6 is provided with a positioning plate lug 603 connected with the flat plate into a whole, the positioning plate lug 603 is provided with a square through hole, the inner diameter of the square through hole is slightly larger than the outer contour size of the cross section of the vertical plate 5, the vertical plate 5 passes through the square through hole, the positioning plate lug 603 can drive the posterior superior iliac spine positioning plate 6 to slide on the vertical plate 5 along the vertical direction, the front side surface of the positioning plate lug 603 is provided with a threaded hole, the threaded hole passes through the positioning plate lug 603 and is communicated with the square through hole on the positioning plate lug 603, the threaded hole is connected with an upper fixing knob 601 in a threaded manner, one end of the upper fixing knob 601 is a stud in threaded connection with the threaded hole, when the posterior superior iliac spine positioning plate 6 slides to a proper position on the vertical plate 5 through the positioning plate bump 603, the upper and lower fixing knobs 601 are screwed to enable the tail ends of the studs of the upper and lower fixing knobs to abut against the front side surface of the vertical plate 5, so that the posterior superior iliac spine positioning plate 6 and the vertical plate 5 are fixed in position; the shape of the left end flat plate of the posterior superior iliac spine positioning plate 6 is approximately the same as the contour of the posterior superior iliac spine of a human body, a plurality of positioning holes 602 are distributed on the left end flat plate, the contour of the left end of the posterior superior iliac spine positioning plate 6 is coated with developing wires which can be displayed under X-ray, the projection of the distribution area of the positioning holes 602 is positioned in the projection of the posterior superior iliac spine 105 on the binding surface of the device and a patient, the diameter of the positioning holes 602 is 2.5mm, the distance between the centers of the adjacent positioning holes 602 is 5mm, when in puncture, the puncture needle passes through one of the positioning holes 602 and is inserted into the posterior superior iliac spine, when the demand of the extracted bone marrow blood is larger, after 10ml of bone marrow blood is extracted at one position, the puncture point for extracting blood needs to be replaced, the puncture needle is inserted into the other through hole and inserted into the ilium, the influence on clinical curative effect caused by extracting venous blood at the same position is avoided, the posterior superior iliac spine positioning plate 6 has certain thickness, and has certain guiding effect on the puncture needle passing through the positioning hole 602.
Next, a blood drawing device will be described, which comprises a puncture needle 7, a blood drawing tube 8, a negative pressure tube 9, and an inner core 11, wherein the inner core 11 is inserted into the puncture needle 7 when the puncture needle is inserted into the posterior superior iliac spine of a human, and when the puncture is completed and the bone marrow blood is to be drawn, the puncture needle 7 and the negative pressure tube 9 are connected by using the blood drawing tube 8, the bone marrow blood is drawn into the negative pressure tube 9 under the negative pressure of the negative pressure tube 9, the negative pressure tube 9 is provided in an automatic swinging device 10, and the automatic swinging device 10 is swung after the automatic swinging device 10 is energized, thereby preventing the bone marrow blood in the negative pressure tube 9 from coagulating.
The puncture needle 7 comprises a puncture needle body 701, side holes 702, scales 703, a blocking block 704, a puncture needle handle 705, a positioning groove 706 and a rubber pad 707, the puncture needle body 701 is a slender hollow needle body, the head of the puncture needle body 701 is an oblique conical needle point, two side holes 702 are arranged near the needle point to increase the probability and the extraction amount of bone marrow blood extraction, the two side holes 702 are distributed along the length direction of the puncture needle body 701, and scales are also distributed along the length direction of the puncture needle body 701 to record the depth of the puncture needle body 701 penetrating into the posterior iliac eminence; the tail of the puncture needle body 701 is connected with a puncture needle handle 705, the puncture needle body 701 extends into the puncture needle handle 705, a stud is arranged at the joint of the head of the puncture needle handle 705 and the tail of the puncture needle body 701, the spiral direction of threads of the stud is consistent with the length direction of the puncture needle body 701, a stop block 704 is in threaded connection with the external threads of the stud, and the distance between the stop block 704 and the head of the puncture needle body 701 can be adjusted by screwing the stop block 704; the middle position of the main body of the puncture needle handle 705 is concave downwards, a plurality of bulges are arranged on the puncture needle handle, so that the puncture needle handle 705 can be firmly held by fingers of a person, and the tail part of the puncture needle handle 705 is also provided with a positioning groove 706; the puncture needle 7 is internally provided with a cavity penetrating through the whole puncture needle 6, the diameter of the cavity in the puncture needle handle 705 is larger, the joint of the cavity in the puncture needle handle 705 and the cavity in the puncture needle head 101 is in a transitional cone shape, and the inner wall of the cone-shaped cavity is provided with a rubber pad 707.
When the puncture needle 7 is used for puncturing the posterior superior iliac spine, the inner core 11 penetrates into the puncture needle 7, the inner core 11 comprises an inner core handle 1101, a positioning protrusion 1102 and an inner core needle 1103, the head of the inner core needle 1103 is a needle point in an oblique cone shape, the tail of the inner core needle 1103 is fixedly connected inside the inner core handle 1101, the inner core 11 penetrates into an inner cavity of the puncture needle 7, the outer contour of an inserted part is matched with the contour of the inner cavity of the puncture needle 7, the head of the inner core handle 1101 is provided with the positioning protrusion 1102, when the inner core 11 is inserted into the puncture needle 7, the positioning protrusion 1102 is ensured to be embedded into the positioning groove 706, at the moment, the oblique cone-shaped tip parts of the heads of the inner core needle 503 and the inner core needle 503 are overlapped, when the inner core handle 1101 is inserted, the inner core handle is covered on the puncture needle handle 705, and the inner core handle is tightly matched in an interference fit mode.
After the puncture is finished, the inner core 11 is drawn out and replaced by a blood drawing tube 8, the blood drawing tube comprises a blood drawing part 801, a blood injecting part 802 and a rubber tube 803, the blood drawing part 801 and the blood injecting part 802 are connected into a whole by the rubber tube 803, and the internal cavities of the three parts are communicated; the blood drawing part 801 comprises a fastening cover 80101 and a conical head 80102, a rubber tube 803 penetrates through the fastening cover 80101, the rubber tube 803 penetrates through the tail part of the fastening cover 80101, penetrates out of the head part of the fastening cover 80101, the penetrating part of the rubber tube is fastened into a vertical shape by the fastening cover 80101, the head part of the fastening cover 80101 is provided with the conical head 80102, a cavity through which the conical head 80102 penetrates is connected with a cavity through which the rubber tube 803 penetrates, the outer contour of the part, inserted into the puncture needle 7, of the fastening cover 80101 is matched with the cavity at the tail part of the puncture needle 7, the conical head 80102 abuts against a rubber pad 707 in the cavity of the puncture needle 7, the tail part of the fastening cover 80101 covers the tail part of the handle 705 of the puncture needle and is tightly matched in an interference fit mode, and the through cavity in the blood drawing part 801 is communicated with the cavity in the puncture needle and is sealed with the outside through the rubber pad 707; the tail of the blood injection part 802 is connected with the rubber tube 803, a through cavity in the blood injection part 802 is communicated with a through cavity in the rubber tube 803, the tail of the blood injection part is provided with a fixed wing 80201, the head of the blood injection part is provided with a blood injection needle 80202, and the tip of the blood injection needle 80202 is in an oblique cone shape, so that the blood injection needle is conveniently inserted into the negative pressure tube 9.
The negative pressure pipe 9 comprises a cover 901, a sealing film 902 and a pipe body 903, wherein the pipe body 903 is a hollow cylinder, the bottom of the pipe body is in a convex hemispherical shape, the opening at the top of the pipe body is gradually narrowed, the sealing film 902 is arranged at the opening, the sealing film 902 is made of rubber, and the inside of the pipe body is in a vacuum state; the top of the tube 903 is covered with a cover 901, a rubber sealing film is fixed on the cover 901 corresponding to the sealing film, and the rubber sealing film can still seal the tube 903 after the blood injection needle 80202 is inserted.
In order to prevent bone marrow blood from being solidified in the negative pressure tube 9, the negative pressure tube 9 needs to be placed into the automatic swinging device 10 during blood drawing, the automatic swinging device 10 comprises a placing box 1001, a connecting rod 1002, a cross rod 1003, a bearing seat 1004, a support 1005, a base 1006, an electromagnetic coil 1007 and a magnet 1008, the placing box 1001 is a cuboid, a plurality of cavities are formed in the placing box 1001, the openings of the cavities are located on the upper surface of the cuboid, each cavity can be used for placing one negative pressure tube 9, the inner diameter of each cavity is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the negative pressure tube, and the height of each cavity is slightly smaller than the height of the negative pressure tube, so that the negative pressure tube is conveniently inserted into the cavity and is not easy to fall out; a connecting rod 1002 is arranged above each of two ends of the placing box 1001, the upper end of the connecting rod 1002 is fixedly connected with the same cross rod 1003, two ends of the cross rod 1003 are respectively connected with a bearing seat 1004, the cross rod 1003 can rotate in the bearing seat 1004 under the action of external force, and the bearing seat 1004 is fixedly connected with a base 1006 below the placing box 1001 through a support 1005; the base 1006 is provided with an electromagnetic coil 1007, the power-on switch of the electromagnetic coil 1007 is an electromagnetic induction switch and is arranged inside the base 1006, the electromagnetic induction switch senses a strong magnetic field and is powered on, the power-off of a weak magnetic field is sensed, the bottom of the placing box 1001 is provided with a magnet 1008, the placing box 1001 naturally droops, the magnet 1008 is close to the electromagnetic induction switch, the electromagnetic coil 1007 is powered on and generates magnetic force repelling with the magnet 1008, the magnet 1008 and the placing box 1001 are pushed away, the magnet 1008 is far away, the electromagnetic induction switch is powered off, under the action of gravity, the magnet 1008 falls to be close to the electromagnetic induction switch in the base 1006, the electromagnetic induction switch is turned on, the electromagnetic coil 1007 on the base 1006 is powered on and generates magnetic field, the magnet 1008 at the bottom of the placing box 1001 above is pushed, the placing box 1001 is simultaneously pushed to swing upwards, the circulation is repeated, the placing box 1001 is enabled to swing constantly, and blood in a negative pressure tube placed in the placing box is prevented from being coagulated, the automatic swinging device 10 uses a manual main switch to control the on-off of the whole current, and the negative pressure tube is swung by using the device, and the negative pressure tube can be put in and taken out at any time in the swinging process due to the fact that the swinging driving force is magnetic force; in other embodiments of the present invention, other automatic rocking devices may be used to achieve the same effect.
The working process is as follows: when the patient is fat, subcutaneous fat of the patient is fat, and especially fat at the hip and the sacrococcygeal part is easy to accumulate, so that the posterior superior iliac spine is difficult to touch; therefore, the patient lies on the side of the operating table, the device is placed on the operating table, the transverse plate 4 slides on the vertical plate 304, the transverse plate 4 of the device is aligned to abut against the hip fissure (sacrum middle line 2) on the back side of the patient, then the upper and lower adjusting knobs 303 are screwed to fix the positional relationship between the vertical plate 304 and the transverse plate 4, the vertical plate 5 and the transverse plate 4 are positioned on the plane of the device and the abutment surface of the patient, the anterior superior iliac spine 103 in the front of the patient is easily touched on the body surface, the whole iliac crest 102 can be touched backwards along the anterior superior iliac spine 103, the rearmost end of the iliac crest 102 extending backwards is the posterior superior iliac spine 105 on the back of the patient, the left edge of the vertical plate 5 is slid to the body surface position corresponding to the highest point of the iliac crest 102, then the left and right fixing knobs 502 are screwed to fix the vertical plate 5 and the transverse plate 4, the position of the locating plate 6 on the vertical plate 5 is roughly adjusted, then the ilium of the patient and the positioning plate 5 are transmitted through the patient and the device simultaneously by using X-ray, the distance between the outer contour of the left end of the posterior superior iliac spine positioning plate 6 and the posterior superior iliac spine of the patient in the vertical and left-right directions is obtained according to the perspective image, then the vertical position of the vertical plate 5 on the transverse plate 4 is adjusted according to the distance, the left and right fixing knobs 502 are screwed, then the left and right positions of the posterior superior iliac spine positioning plate 6 on the vertical plate 5 are adjusted, the upper and lower fixing knobs 601 are screwed, and the projection of the positioning hole 602 distribution area on the posterior superior iliac spine positioning plate 6 on the binding surface of the device and the patient falls into the projection of the posterior superior iliac spine 103 on the surface.
After the blood drawing part is positioned, the blood drawing is started by using the blood drawing device, firstly, an inner core 11 is penetrated into a puncture needle 7, the puncture needle 7 is made into a solid puncture needle, a positioning hole 602 is selected, the puncture needle 7 is vertically inserted into the positioning hole 602, the puncture needle 7 penetrates through the positioning hole 602 to penetrate into the muscle outside the posterior superior iliac spine until the puncture needle 7 is abutted against the posterior superior iliac spine, then, a blocking block 704 is screwed, the distance between the head of the blocking block 704 and the skin surface is set to be 1cm according to a scale 703, then, the puncture needle 7 is inserted into the posterior superior iliac spine until the blocking block 704 is abutted against the skin surface, at the moment, the inner core 11 is drawn out, a blood drawing part 801 of a blood drawing tube 8 is forcibly inserted into the puncture needle 7, a blood injecting part 802 is inserted into a negative pressure tube 9, at the moment, bone marrow blood is drawn into the negative pressure tube 9 under the negative pressure of the negative pressure tube 9, then, the negative pressure tube 9 is placed into a placing box 1001, at the moment, a main switch of the automatic swinging device 10 is opened, the automatic rocking device 10 is started to rock to prevent coagulation of the bone marrow blood sucked therein.
After 10ml of blood is extracted, replacing the puncture point in order to prevent venous blood from being continuously extracted; when one negative pressure tube 9 is full, the negative pressure tube 9 can be replaced and put into the automatic swing device 10 to continue to draw the marrow blood.
Two posterior superior iliac spines 103 on the ilium are symmetrical about the central line of the transverse plate 4 (namely the middle line 2 of the sacrum), when the extraction amount of the posterior superior iliac spines on one side is not enough, the scale positions of the posterior superior iliac spine positioning plate 6 on the vertical plate 5 can be recorded, the upper fixing knob 601 and the lower fixing knob are unscrewed, the posterior superior iliac spine positioning plate 6 is removed, the posterior superior iliac spine positioning plate is installed on the other side of the transverse plate 4, the posterior superior iliac spine positioning plate 6 is directly positioned and installed at the corresponding position of the posterior superior iliac spines according to the recorded scale positions, and the bone marrow blood can be extracted to the required amount according to the requirement.
If the patient is thin, the patient can directly touch the posterior superior iliac spine 103 at the back of the patient, the positions of the vertical plate 5 and the posterior superior iliac spine positioning plate 6 are adjusted, so that the distribution area of the positioning hole 602 of the posterior superior iliac spine positioning plate 6 is directly moved to the position corresponding to the posterior superior iliac spine 103, and the bone marrow blood is directly extracted.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a bone marrow blood puncture point location, extraction and prevent solidification equipment which characterized in that: the automatic blood drawing device comprises a positioning device, a blood drawing device and an automatic swinging device, wherein the positioning device comprises a placing rack, a transverse plate is arranged in the placing rack in a sliding mode in the vertical direction, scales are distributed on the transverse plate in the direction perpendicular to the sliding direction of the transverse plate, a vertical plate with scales is arranged on the transverse plate in a sliding mode, the vertical plate slides in the scale distribution direction of the transverse plate, and the scale distribution direction of the vertical plate is perpendicular to that of the transverse plate; the vertical plate is provided with a posterior superior iliac spine positioning plate which slides along the scale direction of the horizontal plate, a plurality of positioning holes are distributed on the posterior superior iliac spine positioning plate, the projection of the distribution area of the positioning holes on the posterior superior iliac spine positioning plate on the plane of the horizontal plate and the vertical plate is in the projection range of the posterior superior iliac spine on the plane, and the outer contour of the posterior superior iliac spine positioning plate is coated with a developing wire which is convenient for displaying the outer contour of the posterior superior iliac spine positioning plate on an image shot by X-ray fluoroscopy;
the blood drawing device comprises a puncture needle, the puncture needle is used for penetrating into the posterior superior iliac spine through the positioning hole, an inner core is inserted into a through cavity in the puncture needle during puncture, a blood drawing tube is connected during blood drawing, the inner core is inserted into the puncture needle, the inner cavity of the puncture needle is filled to form a solid puncture needle for surgical puncture, the inner cavities of the puncture needle and the blood drawing tube are communicated after the puncture needle is connected, scales are distributed on a puncture needle body for puncture at the head of the puncture needle along the puncture direction, the tail end of a blood drawing part for connecting the blood drawing tube and the puncture needle is a conical head, and the conical head is abutted against a rubber pad on the inner conical wall of the puncture needle cavity after the blood drawing part is inserted into the inner cavity of the puncture needle so as to seal the inner cavity and the outside; the tail part of the puncture needle is a puncture needle handle, the middle part of the puncture needle handle is inwards sunken, a plurality of bulges are arranged on the sunken part, a user can conveniently hold the puncture needle handle, and a blocking block is arranged between the puncture needle handle and the puncture needle body to prevent the puncture needle from being punctured too deeply; the blocking block is connected to the puncture needle handle in a threaded mode, the blocking block is screwed, and the distance between the blocking block and the needle point of the puncture needle body is changed; the tail part of the blood drawing tube is a blood injection part, during blood drawing, a blood injection needle on the blood injection part is inserted in the negative pressure tube, the inside of the negative pressure tube is vacuum, blood is pumped into the negative pressure tube under the action of negative pressure, and the negative pressure tube is placed in the automatic swinging device to enable the negative pressure tube to continuously shake so as to prevent blood in the negative pressure tube from coagulating.
2. The bone marrow blood puncture site locating, extracting and anti-coagulation device according to claim 1, wherein: the middle part of the vertical plate is provided with a vertical plate convex block, and the vertical plate convex block is provided with a square through hole for the transverse plate to pass through; the vertical plate is provided with a threaded through hole vertically communicated with the square through hole, and the threaded through hole is internally connected with a left fixing knob and a right fixing knob which are used for fixing the transverse plate and the vertical plate.
3. The bone marrow blood puncture site locating, extracting and anti-coagulation device according to claim 1, wherein: the shape of the posterior superior iliac spine positioning plate is a flat plate, one end of the positioning plate is provided with a positioning plate lug, and the positioning plate lug is provided with a square through hole for the vertical plate to pass through; the rear upper iliac spine positioning plate is provided with a threaded through hole vertically communicated with the square through hole, and the threaded through hole is internally threaded with an upper fixing knob and a lower fixing knob for fixing the vertical plate and the rear upper iliac spine positioning plate; a plurality of positioning holes are distributed on the lower portion of the posterior superior iliac spine positioning plate, the diameter of each positioning hole is 2.5mm, and the center distance between every two adjacent positioning holes is 5.0 mm.
4. The bone marrow blood puncture site locating, extracting and anti-coagulation device according to claim 1, wherein: the inner core handle on the inner core is provided with a limiting bulge, the puncture needle corresponding to the limiting bulge is provided with a limiting groove, and when the inner core is matched with the puncture needle, the limiting bulge is embedded into the limiting groove, so that the position fixation between the inner core and the puncture needle is realized; the tail end of the inner core needle body and the tail end of the puncture needle body are in an oblique cone shape, and when the limiting protrusion is embedded into the limiting groove, the tail end of the inner core needle head is overlapped with the oblique cone-shaped tail end of the puncture needle body.
5. The bone marrow blood puncture site locating, extracting and anti-coagulation device according to claim 1, wherein: side holes distributed along the length direction of the puncture needle body are arranged near the needle point of the puncture needle body.
6. The bone marrow blood puncture site locating, extracting and anti-coagulation device according to claim 1, wherein: the opening of the negative pressure pipe is sealed by a sealing film supported by rubber materials.
7. The bone marrow blood puncture site locating, extracting and anti-coagulation device according to claim 1, wherein: the through transition position of the cavity in the puncture needle handle and the cavity in the puncture needle body is a conical cavity, and a rubber pad is arranged on the inner wall of the conical cavity.
8. The bone marrow blood puncture site locating, extracting and anti-coagulation device according to claim 1, wherein: the automatic swing device comprises a placing box which is provided with a plurality of cavities for placing the negative pressure tubes and the bottom of which is provided with a magnet; two ends of the placing box are respectively provided with a connecting rod, the upper ends of the connecting rods are fixedly connected with the same cross rod, two ends of the cross rod are respectively connected with a bearing seat, the cross rod can rotate in the bearing seats under the action of external force, and the bearing seats are fixedly connected with a base below the placing box through a support; the base is provided with an electromagnetic coil, the power-on switch of the electromagnetic coil is an electromagnetic induction switch which is arranged in the base and is correspondingly switched on and off according to the strength of a magnetic field, and a manually controlled switch is connected in series with the electromagnetic induction switch.
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| CN104523324A (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2015-04-22 | 李昭中 | Intervertebral disc puncturing table performing accurate puncturing |
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| CN112998816A (en) | 2021-06-22 |
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