CN112997928B - 一种ii型糖尿病斑马鱼模型的构建方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种ii型糖尿病斑马鱼模型的构建方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112997928B CN112997928B CN202110197959.9A CN202110197959A CN112997928B CN 112997928 B CN112997928 B CN 112997928B CN 202110197959 A CN202110197959 A CN 202110197959A CN 112997928 B CN112997928 B CN 112997928B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- zebra fish
- type
- model
- diabetes
- blood
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 241000252212 Danio rerio Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 206010012601 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 208000001072 type 2 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000001575 pathological effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 claims description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- SPFMQWBKVUQXJV-BTVCFUMJSA-N (2r,3s,4r,5r)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;hydrate Chemical compound O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O SPFMQWBKVUQXJV-BTVCFUMJSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000448255 Congiopodus peruvianus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000595940 Notostraca Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013345 egg yolk Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000002969 egg yolk Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010171 animal model Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 8
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 4
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 208000030159 metabolic disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 108700024526 zebrafish sox32 Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 3
- 241001098657 Pterois Species 0.000 description 3
- 208000016097 disease of metabolism Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 208000017667 Chronic Disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008506 pathogenesis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001684 chronic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002249 digestive system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940000406 drug candidate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009509 drug development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036267 drug metabolism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007877 drug screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000463 ecotoxicology Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000013020 embryo development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013210 evaluation model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003777 experimental drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002816 gill Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000009200 high fat diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021070 high sugar diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 201000001421 hyperglycemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108010008359 protein kinase C lambda Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 210000001835 viscera Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2227/00—Animals characterised by species
- A01K2227/40—Fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2267/00—Animals characterised by purpose
- A01K2267/03—Animal model, e.g. for test or diseases
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种II型糖尿病斑马鱼模型的构建方法及应用,本发明能够以低成本,更短的周期来快速建立II型糖尿病斑马鱼模型,其制备的模型稳定,其可用于糖尿病病理机制研究材料,也可以作为各种治疗Ⅱ型糖尿病药物筛选与评价的动物模型,可有效地提高动物模型实验效率和降低实验成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及动物模型技术领域,具体涉及一种II型糖尿病斑马鱼模型的构建方法及应用。
背景技术
随着人类生活条件的日益改善,代谢类疾病成为人类健康的重大威胁,其中糖尿病作为全球流行性代谢类疾病,患病率呈逐年升高趋势,并成为致死和致残的重要原因,对糖尿病的研究一直是一项世界性的课题。
糖尿病作为一种多病因引起、以慢性高血糖为特征的终身性代谢疾病,对人类的生命健康造成极大威胁,然而糖尿病的病因至今不明,因此,探索糖尿病的发病机理成为当今科研及医疗人员的聚焦热点。传统的研究糖尿病的动物模型有兔及大、小鼠,这些动物模型虽然能够开展科研探索实验并模拟人类Ⅱ型糖尿病,但大多构建成本高、时间周期长、数量少及操作较为复杂。
而斑马鱼是常见的热带鱼类,与人类基因同源性高达87%,与人具有高度的生物相似性,这意味着其实验结果大多数情况下适用于人体。它们体形微小,长度小于5cm,不占用空间,与大鼠或小鼠相比饲养更为方便。斑马鱼的繁殖周期短,交配无季节性,产卵多,胚胎发育迅速,受精后24小时即可完成身体内部器官的构建,且胚胎透明易于观察。自20世纪80年代首次用作模式生物以来,其被广泛用于生态毒理学、发育遗传学、人类疾病动物模型、药物代谢及药物筛选研发等多个方面。
而且较小鼠等模式生物,斑马鱼用于慢病药物药理实验优势明显。首先,斑马鱼慢病模型建立时间短。相比于小鼠等需要数月构建糖尿病等疾病模型,斑马鱼只需要数天时间即可形成具有典型疾病特点的病理模型,可极大节省时间、经费、精力。其次,斑马鱼构建慢病模型治疗周期短。同样地,相比于小鼠等模式动物,斑马鱼仅需数天给药即可引发明显的病理状态改变,可以有效减少实验周期。同时,使用斑马鱼也可模拟慢病复杂用药的特点。再次,斑马鱼饲养空间成本低,相比于小鼠等模式动物,斑马鱼饲养条件相对简单,占地面积少,病例模型构建所需场地小。除此之外,斑马鱼给药方式简单,可以直接将药物溶于水中,斑马鱼可通过皮肤、鳃、消化系统等来吸收。
因此,一种价格低、生长周期短、繁育简便、操作简单的Ⅱ型糖尿病动物药物评价模型亟待研究。
发明内容
因此,基于以上背景,本发明提供一种II型糖尿病斑马鱼模型的构建方法,其模型构建周期短,繁育简便,操作简单,可大大降低模型构建与动物模型实验成本。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供的技术方案为:
一种II型糖尿病斑马鱼模型的构建方法,其构建步骤如下:
S1:挑选3月龄期的斑马鱼若干条,分为两组,分别为对照组和实验组,所述对照组和实验组的数量一致;
S2:对照组斑马鱼喂养的饲料为活体丰年虫,系统循环水培育;实验组斑马鱼喂养的饲料为高糖高脂饲料,葡萄糖水和系统循环水进行交替培育;
S3:15天后,分别在进食后的0.5小时和12小时后对实验组和对照组的马鱼取血进行血糖检测;实验组的斑马鱼0.5小时和12小时后的血糖数据均为对照组的2倍以上,则II型糖尿病斑马鱼模型构建成功。
进一步地,步骤S2中的高糖高脂饲料的制备方法为:将煮熟后用烘箱55℃烘6小时后的鸡蛋黄和用研磨机磨成细粉的胆固醇以重量比为9:1混合,拌匀,然后用真空冻干机冻干10小时,取出即可。
进一步地,步骤S2中葡萄糖的为浓度为1%的葡萄糖。
进一步地,步骤S2中的交替时间为24小时。
进一步地,步骤S3中斑马鱼取血进行血糖检测的步骤为:
S1:将斑马鱼放入冰水混合物中2~3秒,用镊子夹出放在吸水纸上吸干水分;
S2:将玻璃培养皿放在碎冰上预冷一分钟,提前配置0.5M/L的EDTA-Na溶液,并用移液枪吸取10uL EDTA-Na滴在培养皿上,并用镊子将表面无水分的斑马鱼腹部压在溶液上;
S3:用手术刀切割斑马鱼,分离头部与脖颈,用镊子轻轻按压斑马鱼切口处,使血液渗出;
S4:将血糖仪试纸对准伤口处收集血液,即可快速读出血糖值。
本发明还提供了上述模型构建的II型糖尿病斑马鱼模型的应用,所述II型糖尿病斑马鱼模型在糖尿病病理机制研究的应用或在筛选与评价治疗Ⅱ型糖尿病药物中的应用。
本发明与现有技术相比的优点在于:本发明能够以低成本,更短的周期来快速建立II型糖尿病斑马鱼模型,其制备的模型稳定,其可用于糖尿病病理机制研究材料,也可以作为各种治疗Ⅱ型糖尿病药物筛选与评价的动物模型,实验用药少,可有效地提高动物模型实验效率和降低实验成本。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例中,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1:一种II型糖尿病斑马鱼模型的构建方法,其构建步骤为
S1:选取60条3月龄大的斑马鱼,然后将其随机划分为对照组和实验组,每组30条;。
S2:对照组斑马鱼喂养的饲料为活体丰年虫,系统循环水培育;实验组斑马鱼喂养的饲料为高糖高脂饲料,葡萄糖水和系统循环水进行交替培育;
S3:15天后,分别在进食后的0.5小时和12小时后对实验组和对照组的马鱼取血进行血糖检测;实验组的斑马鱼0.5小时和12小时后的血糖数据均为对照组的2倍以上,则II型糖尿病斑马鱼模型构建成功。
步骤S2中的高糖高脂饲料的制备方法为:将煮熟后用烘箱55℃烘6小时后的鸡蛋黄和用研磨机磨成细粉的胆固醇以重量比为9:1混合,拌匀,然后用真空冻干机冻干10小时,取出即可。
步骤S3中斑马鱼取血进行血糖检测的步骤为:
S1:将斑马鱼放入冰水混合物中2~3秒,用镊子夹出放在吸水纸上吸干水分;
S2:将玻璃培养皿放在碎冰上预冷一分钟,提前配置0.5M/L的EDTA-Na溶液,并用移液枪吸取10uL EDTA-Na滴在培养皿上,并用镊子将表面无水分的斑马鱼腹部压在溶液上;
S3:用手术刀切割斑马鱼,分离头部与脖颈,用镊子轻轻按压斑马鱼切口处,使血液渗出;
S4:将血糖仪试纸对准伤口处收集血液,即可快速读出血糖值。
其中,步骤S3中斑马鱼的对照组与实验组的平均血糖检测数据见表1。
表1:血糖检测结果
将表1的对照组和实验组的血糖检测结果进行比较,实验组的斑马鱼的血糖数据明显高于对照组,符合预期,则斑马鱼模型构建成功。
本发明提供的动物模型构建方法操作简单,模型构建成功率高,可以低成本、快速构建II型糖尿病斑马鱼模型,可应用于治疗Ⅱ型糖尿病的药物的评价及筛选,以及糖尿病病理机制研究,可提高大幅度提高实验效率与降低实验周期与成本。
以上对本发明及其实施方式进行了描述,这种描述没有限制性。总而言之如果本领域的普通技术人员受其启示,在不脱离本发明创造宗旨的情况下,不经创造性的设计出与该技术方案相似的结构方式及实施例,均应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (4)
1.一种II型糖尿病斑马鱼模型的构建方法,其特征在于,其构建步骤如下:
S1:挑选3月龄期的斑马鱼若干条,分为两组,分别为对照组和实验组,所述对照组和实验组的数量一致;
S2:对照组斑马鱼喂养的饲料为活体丰年虫,系统循环水培育;实验组斑马鱼喂养的饲料为高糖高脂饲料,葡萄糖水和系统循环水进行交替培育,交替时间为24小时;
葡萄糖水的浓度为1%;
S3:15天后,分别在进食后的0.5小时和12小时后对实验组和对照组的马鱼取血进行血糖检测;实验组的斑马鱼0.5小时和12小时后的血糖数据均为对照组的2倍以上,则II型糖尿病斑马鱼模型构建成功。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种II型糖尿病斑马鱼模型的构建方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中的高糖高脂饲料的制备方法为:将煮熟后用烘箱55℃烘6小时后的鸡蛋黄和用研磨机磨成细粉的胆固醇以重量比为9:1混合,拌匀,然后用真空冻干机冻干10小时,取出即可。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种II型糖尿病斑马鱼模型的构建方法,其特征在于,步骤S3中斑马鱼取血进行血糖检测的步骤为:
S1:将斑马鱼放入冰水混合物中2~3秒,用镊子夹出放在吸水纸上吸干水分;
S2:将玻璃培养皿放在碎冰上预冷一分钟,提前配置0.5M/L的EDTA-Na溶液,并用移液枪吸取10 uL EDTA-Na滴在培养皿上,并用镊子将表面无水分的斑马鱼腹部压在溶液上;
S3:用手术刀切割斑马鱼,分离头部与脖颈,用镊子轻轻按压斑马鱼切口处,使血液渗出;
S4:将血糖仪试纸对准伤口处收集血液,即可快速读出血糖值。
4.一种如权利要求1至3任一项所述的构建方法得到的II型糖尿病斑马鱼模型的应用,其特征在于,所述II型糖尿病斑马鱼模型在糖尿病病理机制研究的应用或在筛选与评价治疗Ⅱ型糖尿病药物中的应用。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202110197959.9A CN112997928B (zh) | 2021-02-22 | 2021-02-22 | 一种ii型糖尿病斑马鱼模型的构建方法及应用 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202110197959.9A CN112997928B (zh) | 2021-02-22 | 2021-02-22 | 一种ii型糖尿病斑马鱼模型的构建方法及应用 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN112997928A CN112997928A (zh) | 2021-06-22 |
CN112997928B true CN112997928B (zh) | 2023-01-17 |
Family
ID=76406141
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202110197959.9A Active CN112997928B (zh) | 2021-02-22 | 2021-02-22 | 一种ii型糖尿病斑马鱼模型的构建方法及应用 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN112997928B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113295636A (zh) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-08-24 | 湖北师范大学 | α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂体内评价方法 |
CN118355882A (zh) * | 2024-05-23 | 2024-07-19 | 南通大学附属医院 | 斑马鱼糖尿病血管病变模型的构建方法 |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102812921A (zh) * | 2012-09-04 | 2012-12-12 | 东北师范大学 | 一种建立2型糖尿病动物模型的方法及其在筛选降血糖药物中的应用 |
-
2021
- 2021-02-22 CN CN202110197959.9A patent/CN112997928B/zh active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN112997928A (zh) | 2021-06-22 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Woynárovich et al. | Field guide to the culture of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum, Cuvier, 1816) | |
Axmatovich | In vitro rearing of trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) | |
CN112997928B (zh) | 一种ii型糖尿病斑马鱼模型的构建方法及应用 | |
CN107875403A (zh) | 一种基于模式生物秀丽隐杆线虫的抗衰老评价方法与应用 | |
CN103621824A (zh) | 幼蛭用开口饵料 | |
Lall et al. | Nutrition of six selected neo-tropical mammals in Trinidad and Tobago with the potential for domestication | |
CN107549120A (zh) | 一种蝙蛾的人工饲养方法及其幼虫饲料配方 | |
Ruan et al. | The biology and immature stages of the moss-eating flea beetle Cangshanaltica fuanensis sp. nov.(Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini), with description of a fan-driven high-power Berlese funnel | |
Norouzi et al. | Development and demographic parameters of the carob moth Apomyelois ceratoniae on four diet regimes | |
CN113491255B (zh) | 一种肥胖性ii型糖尿病斑马鱼模型的构建方法及应用 | |
Xu et al. | Allometric Growth Patterns and Ontogenetic Development during Early Larval Stages of Schizothorax waltoni Regan and Percocypris retrodorslis in Southwest China | |
Le François et al. | Spotted wolffish broodstock management and egg production: retrospective, current status, and research priorities | |
Nguyen et al. | Developments in hatchery technology for striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) | |
Balami et al. | Production of Common carp (Cyprinus carpio var. communis) and Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fingerling in a polyculture system in Chitwan, Nepal | |
Maneiro et al. | Combined effects of temperature and photoperiod on the conditioning of the flat oyster (Ostrea edulis [Linnaeus, 1758]) in winter | |
Hirt-Chabbert et al. | Effect of size grading on the growth performance of shortfin eel (Anguilla australis) during its yellow stage | |
CN113413471A (zh) | 一种基于斑马鱼模型对莨菪类药物进行毒性评价的方法 | |
Olele et al. | Optimization of triploidy induction and growth performance of Clarias anguillarias (African catfish) using cold shock | |
Karim et al. | Hormone induced artificial breeding of a commercially important marine finfish, striped mullet (Mugil cephalus L.) in Bangladesh | |
CN101692800A (zh) | 野生树鼩实验动物化中的人工繁殖法 | |
CN106332846B (zh) | 降低蚯蚓对粪料中铅元素吸收富集的养殖方法 | |
Etangetuk et al. | Harnessing the Phytochemical Attributes and Potentials of Gongrenema latifolium Leaf Meal Supplement in the Optimization of biochemical indices in Cultured African catfish (Clarias garipinus) | |
Crook et al. | 8 Age and growth | |
CN110269162A (zh) | 一种黄粉虫饲料 | |
Jiménez-Velásquez et al. | Management of the First Feeding of Dorada Brycon sinuensis with Two Species of Cladocerans |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |