CN112994885B - Chip structure for sending end of time phase coding quantum key distribution system - Google Patents
Chip structure for sending end of time phase coding quantum key distribution system Download PDFInfo
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- CN112994885B CN112994885B CN202110503051.6A CN202110503051A CN112994885B CN 112994885 B CN112994885 B CN 112994885B CN 202110503051 A CN202110503051 A CN 202110503051A CN 112994885 B CN112994885 B CN 112994885B
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- arm interferometer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
- H04L9/0858—Details about key distillation or coding, e.g. reconciliation, error correction, privacy amplification, polarisation coding or phase coding
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0819—Key transport or distribution, i.e. key establishment techniques where one party creates or otherwise obtains a secret value, and securely transfers it to the other(s)
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
Abstract
The invention discloses a chip structure for a sending end of a time phase coding quantum key distribution system, which relates to the field of quantum communication and comprises an unequal arm interferometer, a first equal arm interferometer and a second equal arm interferometer, wherein the first equal arm interferometer is optically connected with a short arm of the unequal arm interferometer, the unequal arm interferometer comprises a first coupler and a second coupler, the first equal arm interferometer is configured to maintain the consistency of the intensity of optical signals output by two arms of the unequal arm interferometer, the second equal arm interferometer is configured to prepare optical signals in a decoy state, the integration of the sending end of the quantum key distribution system based on time phase coding is realized, the size of the sending end of the quantum key distribution system is reduced, the cost is reduced, and the stability is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of quantum communication, in particular to a chip structure for a time phase coding quantum key distribution system.
Background
Quantum key distribution has recently received much attention as a brand-new secure communication technology, and in the process of quantum key distribution, photons are used as a physical carrier for secure communication and encoding is mainly performed by using the polarization state of the photons.
The quantum key distribution process can be realized by a mode of transmitting photons through an optical fiber, and can also be realized by a mode of transmitting photons through a free space (atmosphere). When photons generated by a sending end are transmitted to a receiving end through a common single-mode optical fiber or an atmosphere layer, the photons can be refracted, so that the polarization state of the photons is changed, the error rate of quantum communication can be increased by changing the polarization state of the photons, and the performance of a quantum key distribution system based on polarization state coding is poor.
In order to solve the above problems, quantum key distribution is currently mainly performed by using a quantum key distribution system based on time phase encoding. However, since the components of the transmitting end of the current time phase coding-based quantum key distribution system are connected by optical fibers and flanges, the transmitting end of the current time phase coding-based quantum key distribution system is not integrated, which results in a large volume, high cost, difficult maintenance and poor stability of the transmitting end of the current time phase coding-based quantum key distribution system.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a chip structure for a sending end of a time phase coding quantum key distribution system, which is used for solving the defects of large volume, high cost, difficult maintenance and low stability in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides an unequal arm interferometer, a first equal arm interferometer and a second equal arm interferometer, wherein:
the first equal arm interferometer is optically connected with the short arm of the unequal arm interferometer;
the unequal arm interferometer comprises a first coupler and a second coupler;
the first equal arm interferometer is configured to maintain the intensity of the optical signals output by the two arms of the unequal arm interferometer consistent;
the second equal arm interferometer is configured to prepare the optical signal in a decoy state.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first isoarm interferometer comprises a first electro-optical modulator and a segnark interferometer.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first equal arm interferometer includes a third coupler, a fourth coupler, and the first electro-optic modulator.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second equal-arm interferometer includes a fifth coupler, a sixth coupler, a second electro-optical modulator, and a second thermo-optical modulator.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the chip structure further includes a seventh coupler, and the seventh coupler is configured to combine the first optical signal output by the unequal arm interferometer and the second optical signal output by the second equal arm interferometer to obtain a third optical signal.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the seventh coupler is further configured to divide the third optical signal into two optical signals according to a set ratio, and transmit one of the two optical signals to a receiving end.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second thermo-optic modulator is configured to maintain the intensities of the two optical signals input to the seventh coupler to be consistent.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the seventh coupler and the unequal arm interferometer and the second equal arm interferometer are optically connected by planar optical waveguides.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first electro-optical modulator is an electro-optical phase modulator.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second electro-optical modulator is an electro-optical phase modulator.
The chip structure for the time phase coding quantum key distribution system provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the integration of the quantum key distribution system transmitting end based on time phase coding is realized, the volume of the quantum key distribution system transmitting end is reduced, and the cost is reduced;
(2) the combination of the electro-optical modulator and the Sagnac interferometer is used as an intensity modulator, so that the insertion loss is small, the precision is high, and the stability is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a chip structure for a time-phase encoded quantum key distribution system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another chip structure for a time-phase encoded quantum key distribution system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the chip structure for the time-phase encoded quantum key distribution system provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes a coupler BS1, a coupler BS2, a coupler BS3, a coupler BS4, a coupler BS5, a coupler BS6, a coupler BS7, a thermo-optic modulator heat 1, a thermo-optic modulator heat 2, and an electro-optic modulator RF1, where:
couplers BS1, BS2 are configured to form a first unequal arm interferometer.
The coupler BS4, the coupler BS5, and the thermo-optic modulator heat 1 are configured to form a first equal arm interferometer.
Coupler BS6, coupler BS7, thermo-optic modulator heat 2 and electro-optic modulator RF1 are used to form a second half-arm interferometer.
The first equal arm interferometer is optically connected to the short arm of the first unequal arm interferometer.
The first equal arm interferometer is configured to maintain the intensity of the optical signals output by the two arms of the first unequal arm interferometer consistent.
A second equiarm interferometer configured to prepare the optical signal in a decoy state.
As an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the coupler BS3 is configured to combine the first optical signal output by the first unequal arm interferometer and the second optical signal output by the second equal arm interferometer to obtain the third optical signal.
As an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the coupler BS3 is further configured to split the third optical signal into two optical signals according to a set ratio and transmit one of the two optical signals to the receiving end.
As an alternative embodiment of the invention, the electro-optic modulator RF1 is an electro-optic phase modulator.
As an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the thermo-optic modulator heat 2 is configured to maintain the two optical signals input to the coupler BS3 at a uniform intensity.
As a specific embodiment of the invention, the long arm of the first unequal arm interferometer is optically connected with the photodetector PD1 through a port T1, and the intensity P1 of the optical signal output by the long arm of the first unequal arm interferometer is detected in real time; the short arm of the first unequal arm interferometer is optically connected with the photodetector PD2 through a port T2, and the intensity P2 of an optical signal output by the short arm of the first unequal arm interferometer is detected in real time. The thermo-optic modulator heat 1 is controlled according to the difference between P2 and P1 to maintain the intensity of the optical signal outputted from the long arm and the short arm of the first unequal arm interferometer consistent, and at this time, the thermo-optic modulator heat 1 is used as a variable optical attenuator.
As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the combination of coupler BS4, coupler BS5 and thermo-optic modulator heat 1 forms an electro-optic intensity modulator.
As a specific embodiment of the invention, the first unequal-arm interferometer and the first equal-arm interferometer are optically connected through a planar optical waveguide.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the coupler BS3 is optically connected to the first unequal-arm interferometer and the second equal-arm interferometer by planar optical waveguides.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, the chip structure for the time-phase encoded quantum key distribution system provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes a coupler BS8, a coupler BS9, a coupler BS10, a coupler BS11, a coupler BS12, a coupler BS13, a thermo-optical modulator riser 3, an electro-optical modulator RF2, and an electro-optical modulator RF3, where:
coupler BS8 and coupler BS10 are configured to form a second unequal arm interferometer.
The coupler BS9 and the electro-optic modulator RF2 are configured to form a third equal arm interferometer.
The coupler BS12, the coupler BS13, the thermo-optic modulator heat 3, the electro-optic modulator RF3 are configured to form a fourth equal arm interferometer.
The third isoarm interferometer is optically connected to the short arm of the second anisoarm interferometer.
The third equal arm interferometer is configured to maintain the intensities of the optical signals output by the two arms of the second unequal arm interferometer consistent.
A fourth, equal-arm interferometer configured to prepare the optical signal in a decoy state.
As an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the coupler BS11 is configured to combine the first optical signal output by the second interferometer and the second optical signal output by the fourth interferometer to obtain the third optical signal.
As an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the coupler BS11 is further configured to split the third optical signal into two optical signals according to a set ratio and transmit one of the two optical signals to the receiving end.
As an alternative embodiment of the invention, the electro-optic modulators RF2 and RF3 are electro-optic phase modulators.
As an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the thermo-optic modulator heat 3 is configured to maintain the two optical signals input to the coupler BS11 at a uniform intensity.
As a specific embodiment of the present invention, coupler BS9 is a Segren interferometer and the combination of coupler BS9 and electro-optic modulator RF2 forms an electro-optic intensity modulator.
Further, the combination of the coupler BS9 and the electro-optical modulator RF2 as an electro-optical intensity modulator can further improve the stability of the chip structure.
As a specific embodiment of the invention, the second unequal arm interferometer and the third equal arm interferometer are optically connected through a planar optical waveguide.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the coupler BS11 is optically connected to the second unequal arm interferometer and the fourth equal arm interferometer via planar optical waveguides.
The chip structure for the time phase coding quantum key distribution system comprises an unequal arm interferometer, a first equal arm interferometer and a second equal arm interferometer, wherein the first equal arm interferometer is optically connected with a short arm of the unequal arm interferometer, the unequal arm interferometer comprises a first coupler and a second coupler, the first equal arm interferometer is configured to maintain the strength of optical signals output by two arms of the unequal arm interferometer to be consistent, the second equal arm interferometer is configured to prepare optical signals in a decoy state, the integration of a sending end of the time phase coding quantum key distribution system is realized, the size of the sending end of the quantum key distribution system is reduced, the cost is reduced, and the stability is improved.
It will be appreciated that the relevant features of the method and apparatus described above are referred to one another. In addition, "first", "second", and the like in the above embodiments are for distinguishing the embodiments, and do not represent merits of the embodiments.
The above are merely examples of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments do not limit the present invention in any way, and all technical solutions obtained by using equivalent alternatives or equivalent variations fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A chip architecture for a transmitter of a time-phase encoded quantum key distribution system, comprising:
an unequal arm interferometer, a first equal arm interferometer and a second equal arm interferometer, wherein:
the first equal arm interferometer is optically connected with the short arm of the unequal arm interferometer;
the unequal arm interferometer comprises a first coupler and a second coupler;
the first equal arm interferometer is configured to maintain the intensity of the optical signals output by the two arms of the unequal arm interferometer consistent;
the second equal arm interferometer is configured to prepare the optical signal in a decoy state.
2. The chip architecture for the time-phase encoded quantum key distribution system transmitter end according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the first isoarm interferometer includes a first electro-optic modulator and a segnark interferometer.
3. The chip architecture for the time-phase encoded quantum key distribution system transmitter end according to claim 2, characterized in that:
the first equal-arm interferometer specifically comprises a third coupler, a fourth coupler and the first electro-optic modulator.
4. The chip architecture for the time-phase encoded quantum key distribution system transmitter end according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the second equal arm interferometer comprises a fifth coupler, a sixth coupler, a second electro-optic modulator and a second thermo-optic modulator.
5. The chip architecture for the transmitting end of the time-phase encoded quantum key distribution system according to claim 4, further comprising:
a seventh coupler configured to combine the first optical signal output by the unequal arm interferometer and the second optical signal output by the second equal arm interferometer to obtain a third optical signal.
6. The chip architecture for the time-phase encoded quantum key distribution system transmitter end of claim 5, wherein:
the seventh coupler is further configured to split the third optical signal into two optical signals according to energy and transmit one of the two optical signals to a receiving end according to a set ratio.
7. The chip architecture for the time-phase encoded quantum key distribution system transmitter end of claim 6, wherein:
the second thermo-optic modulator is configured to maintain the intensities of the two optical signals input into the seventh coupler consistent.
8. The chip architecture for the time-phase encoded quantum key distribution system transmitter end of claim 5, wherein:
the seventh coupler is optically connected with the unequal-arm interferometer and the second equal-arm interferometer through planar optical waveguides respectively.
9. The chip architecture for the time-phase encoded quantum key distribution system transmitter end according to claim 2, characterized in that:
the first electro-optic modulator is an electro-optic phase modulator.
10. The chip architecture for the time-phase encoded quantum key distribution system transmitter end of claim 4, wherein:
the second electro-optic modulator is an electro-optic phase modulator.
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| CN110492933A (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2019-11-22 | 安徽问天量子科技股份有限公司 | The four phase voltage device for accurately measuring and measurement method of unequal arm interferometer |
| WO2020151219A1 (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2020-07-30 | 深圳市亘讯量子信息技术有限公司 | Integrated optical emitting device for quantum key distribution |
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| US9954623B2 (en) * | 2014-12-05 | 2018-04-24 | Vencore Labs, Inc. | System for continuously active stabilization of interferometers in quantum time-bin entanglement distribution |
| CN106506154B (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2023-05-05 | 浙江神州量子网络科技有限公司 | QKD system and method based on COW protocol |
| CN106603161A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-04-26 | 浙江神州量子网络科技有限公司 | QKD system sending terminal based on phase modulation light source, receiving terminal, QKD system and method thereof |
| CN108933661B (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2023-08-22 | 科大国盾量子技术股份有限公司 | Time-phase coded quantum key distribution system without phase modulator and components thereof |
| CN108540283A (en) * | 2018-05-02 | 2018-09-14 | 如般量子科技有限公司 | A kind of improved HD-QKD systems |
| CN110855440B (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2020-06-12 | 北京中创为量子通信技术有限公司 | High-speed quantum key encoding device and encoding method |
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| WO2020151219A1 (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2020-07-30 | 深圳市亘讯量子信息技术有限公司 | Integrated optical emitting device for quantum key distribution |
| CN110492933A (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2019-11-22 | 安徽问天量子科技股份有限公司 | The four phase voltage device for accurately measuring and measurement method of unequal arm interferometer |
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