CN112994046A - Method and device for electric boiler to participate in primary frequency modulation of electric power system - Google Patents
Method and device for electric boiler to participate in primary frequency modulation of electric power system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for an electric boiler to participate in primary frequency modulation of an electric power system, and belongs to the field of operation control of the electric power system and a thermodynamic system. The method comprises the following steps: s1, sampling the frequency of a power supply port of an electric boiler, and comparing the frequency with the sampling frequency of the previous sampling period to obtain a frequency difference value between the current period and the previous sampling period; s2, acquiring the power of the electric boiler to be regulated according to the frequency difference and the setting value, and correspondingly regulating the input current of the electric boiler; the setting value is an adjusting effect coefficient and is uniformly set by the power system. Compared with the prior art, the method ensures that the electric boiler has the primary frequency modulation characteristic under the condition of meeting the constraint condition of a thermodynamic system. Due to the time lag of the thermodynamic system, when the frequency fluctuation is large, the electric power of the electric boiler is changed in a short time to participate in frequency modulation, and the heat supply of the thermodynamic system cannot be greatly influenced. Moreover, the invention can make the electric boiler have the characteristics of positive, negative and no difference, and can be set.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of operation control of an electric power system and a thermodynamic system, and particularly relates to a method and a device for an electric boiler to participate in primary frequency modulation of the electric power system.
Background
Maintaining reasonable grid frequency is an important guarantee for grid operation requirements. The frequency of the power grid depends on the supply-demand relation of active loads of the power system, when the supply-demand balance relation of the active loads is broken, frequency change can be caused, and frequency fluctuation is overlarge in serious conditions, so that the safe operation of the system is influenced. Under the condition that the power generation output of a power grid is constant, the load of the power grid is increased, so that the active power of a system is insufficient, the rotating speed of a generator is reduced, and the frequency of the power grid is reduced; conversely, if the load of the power grid is reduced, the active power of the system is excessive, and as a result, the rotating speed of the generator is increased, and the frequency of the power grid is increased.
At present, renewable energy sources such as wind power, solar photovoltaic power generation and the like in northeast, northeast and northwest (called three north areas for short) of China are rich in power generation resources, but insufficient in energy consumption. Particularly, under the condition of small load in a heat supply season, because the CHP unit runs in a heat and fixed power mode, the CHP unit has large power output and is limited by a power grid transmission channel, and the renewable energy source is difficult to generate electricity and send out, so that the problem of wind and light abandonment is serious. In order to solve the problem of abandoned wind and abandoned light, a large number of electric boilers are assembled in the three north area to be used as electric loads to absorb wind power, and the abandoned wind quantity is reduced. But because of the uncertainty, volatility and intermittence of the power generation of renewable energy sources such as wind power, solar photovoltaic power generation and the like, the frequency of a power system is greatly influenced, and greater pressure is brought to the frequency modulation of the system.
At present, the frequency regulation of the power system is mainly undertaken by various synchronous generator sets (such as a CHP set and a straight condensing set commonly used in the three north region). The primary frequency modulation characteristic of the synchronous generator set can be set, but the primary frequency modulation characteristic of the power load cannot be set, and the electric boiler is only used as a power type load, does not have the primary frequency modulation characteristic and is not used as a regulating source. The primary frequency modulation of the synchronous generator set such as the CHP set cannot meet the frequency modulation requirement of the power system in the 'three north areas' in the future to a great extent.
At present, an electric boiler is only used as a power type load and does not have primary frequency modulation capability. Most of wind turbine generators and solar photovoltaic power generation devices installed on site do not have primary frequency modulation capability. Under the condition of high permeability of renewable energy power generation, the primary frequency modulation only by the participation of a synchronous generator set such as a CHP set cannot meet the frequency modulation requirement of a power system in the 'three north region' in the future to a great extent. The frequency modulation problem of the power system in the three north area can be well solved only by fully exploiting the primary frequency modulation capability of the electric equipment such as the wind turbine generator, the solar photovoltaic power generation device and the electric boiler.
If the electric boilers which are installed in large numbers in the 'three north region' have certain frequency regulation effect in meeting the thermodynamic equilibrium requirement, the frequency of the power grid is required to be ensured. Therefore, the adjustable-flow electric boiler with the power electronic device is used for participating in primary frequency modulation of the power system, so that the electric boiler has a settable primary frequency modulation characteristic and has great significance for adjusting the frequency of the power grid.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the related technology, the invention aims to provide a method and a device for an electric boiler to participate in primary frequency modulation of an electric power system, and aims to increase the primary frequency modulation capacity of the system, balance the frequency fluctuation of the electric power system caused by the fluctuation of renewable energy sources and solve the problem that the primary frequency modulation of a synchronous generator set such as a CHP unit cannot meet the frequency modulation requirement of the electric power system in the three north areas to a great extent.
To achieve the above object, one aspect of the present invention provides a method for participating in primary frequency modulation of an electric power system by an electric boiler, comprising the steps of:
s1, sampling the frequency of a power supply port of an electric boiler, and comparing the frequency with the sampling frequency of the previous sampling period to obtain a frequency difference value between the current period and the previous sampling period;
s2, acquiring the power of the electric boiler to be regulated according to the frequency difference and the setting value, and correspondingly regulating the input current of the electric boiler;
the setting value is an adjusting effect coefficient and is uniformly set by the power system.
Further, in the step S2, according to the formula
Calculating the required input current of the electric boiler;
wherein, P is the power of the electric boiler; i is input current of the electric boiler; l is the length of the cylindrical electrode in water; rho is the resistivity of the solution; b is the distance between the axis of the electrode and the center; d is the diameter of the cross section of the electrode; r is the radius of the cylindrical container; r0Is a constant value of the internal resistance of the full circuit; r1Is the solution resistance; and S is the cross sectional area of the inner wall of the inner cylinder.
Further, the input current of the electric boiler is adjusted by controlling the trigger angle of the thyristor of the power electronic converter connected in series with the electric boiler.
Further, the step S2 specifically includes
If the frequency of the power supply port of the electric boiler is lower than the sampling frequency of the last sampling period, the trigger angle of the controllable silicon of the power electronic converter is increased;
and if the frequency of the power supply port of the electric boiler is higher than the sampling frequency of the last sampling period, reducing the trigger angle of the controllable silicon of the power electronic converter.
The invention provides a device for participating in primary frequency modulation of a power system by an electric boiler, which comprises a power electronic converter, a sampling element, a controller and the electric boiler;
the power electronic converter is connected with the electric boiler in series and comprises a controllable silicon;
the sampling element collects the frequency of a power supply port of the electric boiler and sends the frequency to the controller;
and the controller changes the trigger angle of the controllable silicon of the power electronic converter according to the frequency of the power supply port of the electric boiler.
Further, the controller includes
The acquisition module is used for acquiring the frequency of a power supply port of the electric boiler;
the comparison module is used for comparing the current frequency of the power supply port of the electric boiler with the sampling frequency of the previous sampling period to obtain the frequency difference value of the current period and the previous sampling period;
the calculation module is used for calculating the power of the electric boiler to be adjusted according to the frequency difference value and the setting value so as to obtain the silicon controlled trigger angle of the power electronic converter to be adjusted; the setting value is an adjusting effect coefficient and is uniformly set by a power system;
and the execution module is used for controlling the trigger angle of the silicon controlled rectifier of the power electronic converter to change.
Further, the electric boiler is an electric boiler that adjusts a thermal output by varying an electric current.
Through the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention can obtain the following beneficial effects:
(1) compared with the prior art, the method ensures that the electric boiler has the primary frequency modulation characteristic under the condition of meeting the constraint condition of a thermodynamic system. Due to the time lag of the thermodynamic system, when the frequency fluctuation is large, the electric power of the electric boiler is changed in a short time to participate in frequency modulation, so that the heat supply of the thermodynamic system cannot be greatly influenced;
(2) compared with the prior art, the method can ensure that the electric boiler has the characteristics of positive, negative and no difference, and can be set. Different setting values are given according to the requirements of the power system, so that different k values are obtained, and different difference adjustment characteristics can be realized for the electric boiler; the difference adjustment characteristic of the conventional load is fixed, which is more beneficial to the frequency adjustment of the power system;
(3) compared with the existing method, the method has lower modification cost. Only a sampling and control element is required to be additionally arranged in the system, and compared with the transformation of a generator set and the transformation of energy storage participation frequency modulation, the cost is lower. At present, the installed capacity of an electric boiler reaches MW level in China, the primary frequency modulation capacity can be greatly increased by using the method for transformation, the frequency modulation burden of a unit is reduced, and the frequency modulation capacity required after renewable energy sources are connected to the grid is met.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a basic primary frequency modulation diagram.
Fig. 2 is a structural topology diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a control flow block diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
First, the basic principle of primary frequency modulation is described. Assuming that there is a generator set and a combined load in the system, the frequency static characteristic curve is shown in fig. 1.
Sudden load increase Δ PLD0Then its characteristic curve will be represented by PLDMove upwards in parallel to P'LDAt the moment, because the generator does not have time to adjust the output, the power of the system is out of balance, the rotating speed of the generator is reduced, and the frequency of the system is reduced; the reduction of the rotating speed enables the speed regulator of the generator to act, the output is adjusted, and the operating point is along the power-frequency characteristic curve P of the generatorGMoving upwards; the load power is adjusted according to the system frequencyThe rate decreases from decreasing to P'LDAnd moving downwards. The load and the generator are adjusted together, so that the characteristic curves of the load and the generator are intersected again at the point O' to achieve a new balance, and the system frequency deviates from the original value by deltaf, and the adjustment result is as follows.
Power of load reduction is Δ PLD＝KLΔf
In the formula, KLThe power is adjusted for the slope of the linearized frequency static characteristic of the load, which is referred to as the unit of the load.
The power increased by the generator is delta PG＝-kGΔf
In the formula, KGThe negative value of the slope of the active power static frequency characteristic of the generator set is called the unit regulating power of the generator set.
Thus obtaining Δ PLD0+KLΔf＝-KGΔf
ΔPLD0＝-(kG+KL)Δf＝-KsΔf (1)
In the formula, KS＝KG+KLReferred to as the unit of the system, is equal to the sum of the unit of the generator set involved in the primary regulation and the unit of the load.
If the system has n sets and only m sets participate in one adjustment (m is less than or equal to n), the unit adjustment power of the system is
Where i is the generator number participating in a primary regulation, i is 1, 2, …, m.
According to KSThe magnitude of the value can determine the amount of load change that the system can withstand within the allowable frequency offset range.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for participating in primary frequency modulation of an electric power system by a flow-adjustable boiler with a power electronic device. The method for enabling the adjustable-flow electric boiler with the power electronic device to participate in the primary frequency modulation of the power system comprises the following steps: under the constraint of the operation limit allowed by the balance of the thermodynamic system, the electric boiler has adjustable difference adjustment characteristics through proper adjustment steps.
The electric boiler has an adjustable difference adjustment characteristic and is realized by adopting a certain control strategy through a controller, wherein the control strategy is that the controller controls a silicon controlled trigger angle of a power electronic device according to a frequency difference value so as to realize current control. Thereby controlling the power variation of the electric boiler, which is specifically shown as the following formula:
ΔP＝k×Δf (3)
in the formula, delta P is the power change value of the electric boiler; and k is an adjusting effect coefficient and is uniformly set by the power system.
The method for enabling the flow-adjustable boiler to participate in the primary frequency modulation of the power system comprises the following specific adjusting steps:
(1) sampling the frequency of the power supply port of the electric boiler, and comparing the frequency with the sampling value of the previous sampling period to obtain the frequency difference value with the previous sampling period.
(2) If the frequency of the power supply port of the electric boiler is lower than the sampling frequency of the last sampling period, the trigger angle of the silicon controlled rectifier of the power electronic converter is increased through the controller, the input current of the electric boiler is reduced, the instantaneous electric power of the electric boiler is reduced, and the adjustment value of the trigger angle is determined by the controller according to the frequency difference value and the setting value; if the frequency of the power supply port of the electric boiler is higher than the sampling frequency of the last sampling period, the trigger angle of the silicon controlled rectifier of the power electronic converter is reduced through the controller, the input current of the electric boiler is increased, the instantaneous electric power of the electric boiler is improved, and the trigger angle adjusting value is determined by the controller according to the frequency difference value and the setting value.
And (3) repeating the steps (1) and (2), continuously executing the step (1) to sample the frequency, and executing the step (2) when frequency fluctuation occurs.
The realization principle of the method is as follows:
the frequency fluctuation of the power grid is essentially the fluctuation of active power, and the system frequency is changed due to the frequency-active power relation constraint of the operation of the motor. Therefore, the method is directly used for participating in the primary frequency modulation process and aims to balance the active load and power supply fluctuation of the system. When the system frequency is higher, namely the total active load of the system is lower, the active load of the system is improved by adjusting the power of the electric boiler to be higher, so that the system frequency is reduced. And otherwise, when the system frequency is low, namely the total active load of the system is large, the power of the electric boiler is adjusted to be reduced, and the active load of the system is reduced, so that the system frequency is increased. The input current of the electric boiler is adjusted through the controller according to actual conditions and preset setting values, the power of the electric boiler is controlled, and the method that the adjustable-flow electric boiler participates in the primary frequency modulation of the electric power system can be realized.
The calculation formula of the electric power and the input current of the electric boiler is as follows:
in the formula: l is the length of the cylindrical electrode in water; rho is the resistivity of the solution; b is the distance between the axis of the electrode and the center; d is the diameter of the cross section of the electrode; r is the radius of the cylindrical container; r0Is a constant value of the internal resistance of the full circuit; r1Is the solution resistance; and S is the cross sectional area of the inner wall of the inner cylinder. The positive correlation relation between the instantaneous electric power of the electric boiler and the current can be obtained, and the power of the electric boiler can be changed by adjusting the current, so that the active load supply and demand balance of the system is adjusted to participate in the primary frequency modulation process.
According to the relation between the formula (4) P-I, the active power P consumed by the electric boiler can be adjusted by changing the current I.
Assuming that the primary frequency modulation characteristic expected for the electric boiler meets the formula (3), when the frequency of the power system changes by delta f, the power of the electric boiler to be adjusted is delta P, the power of the electric boiler needs to be correspondingly adjusted to P + delta P, the current I can be calculated through the formula (4), and the trigger angle of the controllable silicon is controlled to enable the input current of the electric boiler to be I. Thus, the primary frequency modulation characteristic of the electric boiler is obtained, which corresponds to the formula (3).
It is worth pointing out that in general, the absolute value of delta f is small, the absolute value of delta P is also small, the heat supply quantity of the electric boiler is not changed greatly in the adjusting process, and the heat part of the electric boiler does not need to be adjusted correspondingly. Even when the absolute value of Δ f is large in an abnormal state of the power system, since the influence on the heat supply amount is the electric boiler power average influence, the power regulation for a short time does not have a large influence on the thermodynamic system balance.
The present invention will be described in detail below, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and examples thereof are given only. While the advantages of the invention will be apparent and readily appreciated by the description.
As shown in FIG. 2, the method of the present invention requires adding a power electronic converter, a voltage transformer, a current transformer and a corresponding controller to the existing electric boiler equipment. The current output to the electric boiler can be controlled by controlling the trigger angle of the silicon controlled rectifier of the power electronic converter, so that the purpose of adjusting the active load of the electric boiler is achieved. The controller collects the frequency of the power system and the current of the electric boiler through the voltage transformer, controls according to the set primary frequency modulation characteristic, and controls the silicon controlled trigger angle of the power electronic converter, and the control flow is shown in fig. 3.
The specific control steps are as follows:
1) the controller periodically measures the frequency of the power system to obtain a frequency sampling value.
2) The controller compares the sampling value of the current period with the sampling value of the previous period to obtain a frequency difference value, calculates the required adjustment value of the power of the electric boiler according to a formula (3) by combining a given setting value, obtains the required change value of the input current according to a formula (4), and outputs a corresponding control instruction.
3) The power electronic converter receives the control instruction of the controller, controls the change of the trigger angle of the controllable silicon, controls the input current of the electric boiler, completes the adjustment of the power of the electric boiler, achieves the aim of frequency adjustment, and then continues to circularly execute the steps.
Other parts not described in detail are prior art.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for participating in primary frequency modulation of a power system by an electric boiler is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, sampling the frequency of a power supply port of an electric boiler, and comparing the frequency with the sampling frequency of the previous sampling period to obtain a frequency difference value between the current period and the previous sampling period;
s2, acquiring the power of the electric boiler to be regulated according to the frequency difference and the setting value, and correspondingly regulating the input current of the electric boiler;
the setting value is an adjusting effect coefficient and is uniformly set by the power system.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S2, the method is based on a formula
Calculating the required input current of the electric boiler;
wherein, P is the power of the electric boiler; i is input current of the electric boiler; l is the length of the cylindrical electrode in water; rho is the resistivity of the solution; b is the distance between the axis of the electrode and the center; d is the diameter of the cross section of the electrode; r is the radius of the cylindrical container; r0Is a constant value of the internal resistance of the full circuit; r1Is the solution resistance; and S is the cross sectional area of the inner wall of the inner cylinder.
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the input current of the electric boiler is regulated by controlling the firing angle of thyristors of a power electronic converter connected in series with the electric boiler.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the step S2 specifically comprises
If the frequency of the power supply port of the electric boiler is lower than the sampling frequency of the last sampling period, the trigger angle of the controllable silicon of the power electronic converter is increased;
and if the frequency of the power supply port of the electric boiler is higher than the sampling frequency of the last sampling period, reducing the trigger angle of the controllable silicon of the power electronic converter.
5. A device for an electric boiler to participate in primary frequency modulation of an electric power system is characterized by comprising an electric power electronic converter, a sampling element, a controller and the electric boiler;
the power electronic converter is connected with the electric boiler in series and comprises a controllable silicon;
the sampling element collects the frequency of a power supply port of the electric boiler and sends the frequency to the controller;
and the controller changes the trigger angle of the controllable silicon of the power electronic converter according to the frequency of the power supply port of the electric boiler.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the controller comprises
The acquisition module is used for acquiring the frequency of a power supply port of the electric boiler;
the comparison module is used for comparing the current frequency of the power supply port of the electric boiler with the sampling frequency of the previous sampling period to obtain the frequency difference value of the current period and the previous sampling period;
the calculation module is used for calculating the power of the electric boiler to be adjusted according to the frequency difference value and the setting value so as to obtain the silicon controlled trigger angle of the power electronic converter to be adjusted; the setting value is an adjusting effect coefficient and is uniformly set by a power system;
and the execution module is used for controlling the trigger angle of the silicon controlled rectifier of the power electronic converter to change.
7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the electric boiler is an electric boiler that adjusts thermal output by varying current.
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| 袁雪峰等: "采用电极式锅炉提高供热机组运行灵活性的研究", 《电力科学与工程》 * |
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