CN112993367A - Efficient heat management structure for cooling galvanic pile - Google Patents

Efficient heat management structure for cooling galvanic pile Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112993367A
CN112993367A CN201911295759.6A CN201911295759A CN112993367A CN 112993367 A CN112993367 A CN 112993367A CN 201911295759 A CN201911295759 A CN 201911295759A CN 112993367 A CN112993367 A CN 112993367A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
heat
plate
heat exchange
fuel cell
heat conduction
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Pending
Application number
CN201911295759.6A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
孙海
张盟
孙公权
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Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of CAS
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Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of CAS
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Priority to CN201911295759.6A priority Critical patent/CN112993367A/en
Publication of CN112993367A publication Critical patent/CN112993367A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
    • H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04052—Storage of heat in the fuel cell system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
    • H01M8/247—Arrangements for tightening a stack, for accommodation of a stack in a tank or for assembling different tanks
    • H01M8/2475—Enclosures, casings or containers of fuel cell stacks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a high-temperature fuel cell stack. The plate-shaped heat exchange structure comprises plate-shaped heat exchange structures and single batteries which are arranged at intervals according to a preset proportion, wherein the plate-shaped heat exchange structures are provided with plate-shaped heat exchange structure connecting holes matched with the single battery connecting holes, and the plurality of plate-shaped heat exchange structures and the single batteries are fixed through screws; the plate-shaped heat exchange structure comprises a heat conduction shell and a 3D porous structure, wherein the heat conduction shell is sealed in vacuum, the 3D porous structure is arranged in the heat conduction shell, a through hole is formed in the 3D porous structure, and a heat conduction medium is sealed in the heat conduction shell. The invention effectively solves the sealing problem of the cooling medium circulation line. The heat generated by the plurality of membrane electrodes is conducted by the plate-shaped heat exchange structure, so that the membrane electrodes are prevented from being polluted by cooling media. 3D porous structure and heat-conducting medium in the heat conduction shell improve the pile heat distribution uniformity through the evaporative cooling principle, improve the pile performance. The application of the heat-conducting pipe in a fuel cell system can reduce the weight and the volume of the system, thereby improving the specific power of the system and ensuring that the heat management mode is simple and efficient.

Description

Efficient heat management structure for cooling galvanic pile
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to an efficient heat management structure for cooling a galvanic pile.
Background
Thermal management is the core technology of the fuel cell stack, and the design of thermal management dominates the design of the fuel cell stack. The main purpose of thermal management is to remove the heat generated by the membrane electrode from the stack by means of heat transfer to bring the stack to thermal equilibrium. The fuel cell stack mainly has two forms of internal cooling and external cooling, the internal cooling method of the high-power stack mainly adopts an oil cooling method, heat conduction oil has higher specific heat capacity and heat conduction coefficient, and only lower temperature gradient and parasitic power consumption of a pump are generated in the cooling process. The biggest technical challenge of the existing oil cooling method as shown in fig. 3 is the sealing problem of the heat transfer oil circulation circuit, and the irreversible damage to the stack is caused by the membrane electrode contamination caused by the heat transfer oil leakage. The external cooling mode is to transfer the heat generated by the membrane electrode to the outside of the electric pile in a heat conduction mode and then exchange heat with a cooling medium, and the cooling medium can have a larger temperature gradient with the electric pile. According to the heat conduction characteristic, the central temperature is higher than the peripheral temperature on the single pool plane, heat is conducted from the center to the periphery, a high-heat-conductivity material or a heat pipe and other high-heat-conductivity components are needed in the efficient heat conduction process, the high heat conductivity of the material can improve the uniformity of the temperature on the single pool plane, and the external cooling mode has the obvious advantage. For example, at the operating temperature of a high-temperature methanol fuel cell stack, a heat pipe with water as an internal circulation medium is suitable for the stack, and heat conducted by the heat pipe to the outside of the stack is exchanged to a cooling medium in the form of natural convection or forced convection, but the sealing problem still exists when the cooling medium is used.
Disclosure of Invention
In accordance with the technical problem set forth above, a stack for a high temperature fuel cell is provided. The invention mainly utilizes the heat conduction shell with high heat conduction efficiency, the 3D porous structure is arranged in the heat conduction shell and the heat conduction medium is packaged to replace the heat conduction of the cooling medium in the prior art, thereby the difficult problem of sealing the cooling medium is not considered. The technical means adopted by the invention are as follows:
a high-temperature fuel cell stack comprises plate-shaped heat exchange structures and single cells which are arranged at intervals according to a preset proportion, wherein plate-shaped heat exchange structure connecting holes matched with the single cell connecting holes are formed in the plate-shaped heat exchange structures, and the plate-shaped heat exchange structures and the single cells are fixed through screws; the plate-shaped heat exchange structure comprises a vacuum-sealed heat conduction shell and a 3D porous structure arranged inside the vacuum-sealed heat conduction shell, wherein the 3D porous structure is provided with a through hole, and a heat conduction medium is sealed inside the heat conduction shell.
Further, the ratio of the volume to the surface area of the 3D porous structure is 5-50cm3/cm2(ii) a The material of 3D porous structure is the heat conduction material.
Further, the plate-shaped heat exchange structures and the single cells are arranged at intervals in a ratio that one plate-shaped heat exchange structure is arranged every 1-5 sections of single cells.
Further, the length of the plate-shaped heat conduction shell is larger than or equal to the length of the single battery, and/or the width of the plate-shaped heat conduction shell is larger than or equal to the width of the single battery.
Furthermore, one side or more than one side of the peripheral edge of the heat conduction shell is connected with a heat dissipation mechanism, and the connection side of the heat conduction shell and the heat dissipation mechanism protrudes out of the single battery, so that the heat dissipation mechanism can be connected with the heat conduction shell and cannot contact the single battery.
Further, the heat dissipation mechanism is a heat dissipation fin, and the heat conduction metal shell is connected with the heat dissipation mechanism through welding or bonding.
Further, the arrangement form of the radiating fins is integral or split.
Further, the thickness of the plate-shaped heat exchange structure is 0.1-10 mm; the heat conducting shell is made of one of copper, aluminum or carbon materials.
Further, the operation temperature of the galvanic pile is 150-210 ℃, and the environmental temperature is not higher than 40 ℃; the boiling point of the heat-conducting medium is between the ambient temperature and the operation temperature of the electric pile; the medium is one of water, alcohols and oil.
Furthermore, the outer side of each radiating fin is also connected with a fan with adjustable wind speed, and the radiating fins are made of aluminum or other light materials.
The invention effectively solves the sealing problem of the cooling medium circulation line. According to the invention, the 3D porous structure is arranged in the heat conduction shell, the heat conduction medium is packaged to replace the cooling medium heat conduction in the prior art, and one heat conduction shell conducts heat generated by a plurality of membrane electrodes, so that the membrane electrodes are prevented from being polluted by the cooling medium. The invention can improve the consistency of the heat distribution of the galvanic pile and improve the performance of the galvanic pile, so that the specific power of the interval cooling galvanic pile applying the invention is higher than that of the section-by-section cooling galvanic pile in the prior art.
For the above reasons, the present invention can be widely applied to the technical field of fuel cells.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic external structure diagram in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an internal structure of a heat conducting housing according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a conventional oil-cooled electric stack structure.
In the figure: 1. a single battery; 2. a thermally conductive housing; 3. a heat dissipating fin; 4. an oil cooling channel; 5. and (5) a structure to be radiated.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment discloses a high-temperature fuel cell stack, which includes plate-shaped heat exchange structures and single cells 1 arranged at intervals according to a preset proportion, wherein the plate-shaped heat exchange structures are provided with plate-shaped heat exchange structure connection holes matched with the single cell connection holes, and a plurality of plate-shaped heat exchange structures and the single cells are fixed through screws; the plate-shaped heat exchange structure comprises a heat conduction shell 2 in vacuum sealing and a 3D porous structure arranged inside the heat conduction shell, wherein the 3D porous structure is provided with a through hole, and a heat conduction medium is sealed inside the heat conduction shell. The heat exchange area of the unit volume of the 3D porous structure is 5-50/cm, namely the ratio of the unit volume of the 3D porous structure to the surface area of the 3D porous structure is 5-50cm3/cm2(ii) a The material of the 3D porous structure is a heat conductive material, and the embodiment selects a foam metal as shown in fig. 2.
The heat dissipation surface on the outer side of the heat conduction shell at least covers the adjacent single batteries, namely the length of the plate-shaped heat conduction shell is larger than or equal to the length of the single batteries, and/or the width of the plate-shaped heat conduction shell is larger than or equal to the width of the single batteries. One side or more than one side of the peripheral edge of the heat conduction shell is connected with a heat dissipation mechanism, and the connection side of the heat conduction shell and the heat dissipation mechanism protrudes out of the single battery, so that the heat dissipation mechanism can be connected with the heat conduction shell and cannot contact the single battery. In this embodiment, the heat dissipation mechanism is a heat dissipation fin 3, and the heat conductive metal casing is connected thereto by welding or bonding. Specifically, the arrangement form of the heat dissipation fins is a uniformly distributed integral type as shown in fig. 1 or a split type including a honeycomb shape designed according to actual needs.
The thickness of the plate-shaped heat exchange structure is 0.1-10 mm; the heat conducting shell can meet the requirement of preset heat conductivity, and in the embodiment, the heat conducting shell is made of one of copper, aluminum or carbon materials. In this embodiment, heat conduction shell length 250mm, width 100mm, heat conduction shell thickness set up 5mm, and the heat conduction shell outwards extends two cylinders of diameter 5mm, is connected with the aluminium fin through the welding form.
The operation temperature of the galvanic pile is 150-210 ℃, and the environmental temperature is not higher than 40 ℃; the boiling point of the heat-conducting medium is between the ambient temperature and the operation temperature of the electric pile; the medium is one of water, alcohols and oil, and the oil comprises gasoline and diesel oil.
In order to enhance the strong convection heat transfer on the surfaces of the fins, as a preferred embodiment, the outer sides of the radiating fins are also connected with fans with adjustable wind speeds, and the radiator fins are made of aluminum or other light materials.
The plate-shaped heat exchange structures and the single cells are arranged at intervals in a ratio that one plate-shaped heat exchange structure is arranged every 1-5 sections of single cells. According to the method, the heat conduction shell with different heat conductivities is selected, the number of adjacent membrane electrodes is set, in the embodiment, heat generated by three membrane electrodes is conducted through the heat conduction shell made of an aluminum material, a carbon coating layer of the heat conduction shell is in good contact with adjacent polar plates, in the embodiment, the heat conduction shell has a high heat conduction characteristic, the heat distribution uniformity in the plane direction of the polar plates is higher, and the heat exchange in the direction perpendicular to the plane direction of the polar plates is only completed under the drive of a smaller temperature gradient, so that the heat distribution uniformity of a galvanic pile is improved, and the performance of the galvanic pile is improved.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A high-temperature fuel cell stack is characterized by comprising plate-shaped heat exchange structures and single cells which are arranged at intervals according to a preset proportion, wherein the plate-shaped heat exchange structures are provided with plate-shaped heat exchange structure connecting holes matched with the single cell connecting holes, and a plurality of plate-shaped heat exchange structures and the single cells are fixed through screws; the plate-shaped heat exchange structure comprises a vacuum-sealed heat conduction shell and a 3D porous structure arranged inside the vacuum-sealed heat conduction shell, wherein the 3D porous structure is provided with a through hole, and a heat conduction medium is sealed inside the heat conduction shell.
2. A high temperature fuel cell stack according to claim 1, wherein the 3D porous structure has a volume to surface area ratio of 5-50cm3/cm2(ii) a The material of 3D porous structure is the heat conduction material.
3. A high temperature fuel cell stack as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plate-shaped heat exchange structures are arranged at intervals of 1-5 single cells in a ratio of one plate-shaped heat exchange structure.
4. A high temperature fuel cell stack according to claim 1, wherein the plate-shaped heat conducting casing has a length greater than or equal to a cell length and/or a width greater than or equal to a cell width.
5. A high temperature fuel cell stack as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a heat dissipation mechanism is connected to one or more sides of the peripheral edge of the heat conductive casing, and the connection side of the heat conductive casing and the heat dissipation mechanism protrudes from the single cells, so that the heat dissipation mechanism can be connected to the heat conductive casing without contacting the single cells.
6. A high temperature fuel cell stack as claimed in claim 5, wherein the heat dissipation means are heat dissipation fins and the heat conductive metal casing is attached thereto by welding or bonding.
7. A high temperature fuel cell stack as claimed in claim 5, wherein the arrangement of the heat dissipation fins is one-piece or split.
8. A high temperature fuel cell stack as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plate-shaped heat exchange structure has a thickness of 0.1-10 mm; the heat conducting shell is made of one of copper, aluminum or carbon materials.
9. The high temperature fuel cell stack as claimed in claim 1, wherein the operating temperature of the stack is 150-210 ℃, and the ambient temperature is not higher than 40 ℃; the boiling point of the heat-conducting medium is between the ambient temperature and the operation temperature of the electric pile; the medium is one of water, alcohols and oil.
10. A high-temperature fuel cell stack as claimed in claim 5, wherein a fan with adjustable wind speed is connected to the outside of the heat dissipation fins, and the heat dissipation fins are made of aluminum or other light materials.
CN201911295759.6A 2019-12-16 2019-12-16 Efficient heat management structure for cooling galvanic pile Pending CN112993367A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201911295759.6A CN112993367A (en) 2019-12-16 2019-12-16 Efficient heat management structure for cooling galvanic pile

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201911295759.6A CN112993367A (en) 2019-12-16 2019-12-16 Efficient heat management structure for cooling galvanic pile

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CN112993367A true CN112993367A (en) 2021-06-18

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN208189738U (en) * 2018-01-25 2018-12-04 比亚迪股份有限公司 A kind of power battery module
CN109037726A (en) * 2018-06-26 2018-12-18 华南理工大学 A kind of air-cooled module for fuel cell heat transfer samming
CN110265687A (en) * 2019-07-04 2019-09-20 湖南理工燃料电池有限公司 A kind of radiator and fuel cell pack of battery pile electrode block

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN208189738U (en) * 2018-01-25 2018-12-04 比亚迪股份有限公司 A kind of power battery module
CN109037726A (en) * 2018-06-26 2018-12-18 华南理工大学 A kind of air-cooled module for fuel cell heat transfer samming
CN110265687A (en) * 2019-07-04 2019-09-20 湖南理工燃料电池有限公司 A kind of radiator and fuel cell pack of battery pile electrode block

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Application publication date: 20210618

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