CN112991471A - Tunnel portal dimming method based on equivalent light curtain brightness - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tunnel portal dimming method based on equivalent light curtain brightness, which comprises the following steps of: acquiring a landscape environment of a section close to the opening by using a camera; performing scene proportion analysis according to the equivalent light curtain brightness polar coordinate diagram to determine a scene needing dimming design; for the determined dimming design scenery, dimming optimization is carried out in a mode of reducing the surface brightness of the scenery; calculating the equivalent light curtain brightness caused by the glare source outside the hole after the dimming optimization; and calculating the brightness value of the entrance section after dimming optimization. In the invention, two dimming methods of vegetation dimming and controlling the brightness of scenery outside the tunnel are combined for dimming optimization, data analysis is carried out by an equivalent light curtain theory, the surface brightness of the scenery with a larger proportion is controlled, so that the brightness of the environment outside the tunnel is reduced, and the brightness required by the entrance section is optimized, thereby greatly improving the efficiency of dimming measures, reducing the cost, and ensuring that the brightness design of the entrance section of the tunnel is safer, more green and energy-saving.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tunnel portal dimming, in particular to a tunnel portal dimming method based on equivalent light curtain brightness.
Background
With the more and more tunnel projects are repaired, the driving safety and the visual comfort of drivers in the operation of the projects also become important concerns and difficulties in the current tunnel engineering construction. According to the brightness change adaptive curve, the vehicle can be divided into 5 illumination areas along the road axis from the parking sight distance before the entrance outside the tunnel as the starting point to the length required by the driver sight distance adaptive tunnel brightness change in the tunnel in sequence: the approach section, the inlet section, the transition section, the middle section and the outlet section. Wherein, in front of the opening, a section of road from the point where the driver's energy is completely attracted to the tunnel to the adaptation point is called as an approach section in terms of illumination, and is generally calculated according to the parking sight distance; the first section after entering the hole is the inlet section.
In the tunnel entrance section area, because the tunnel entrance section area is in a light and shade alternating area, the difference of the brightness inside and outside the tunnel can reduce the visual function of a driver and prolong the response time, namely the so-called 'black hole effect', so the brightness outside the tunnel (which means the average brightness obtained by actually measuring a field of view at the starting point of the near section, 1.5m higher than the ground and 20 degrees opposite to the tunnel entrance) is a key index of the tunnel illumination design and is also related to the illumination energy consumption. Therefore, in order to ensure the driving safety and reduce the energy consumption, a dimming measure is usually adopted at a near section of the tunnel, and the adaptive brightness of the near section and the design brightness of an entrance section are greatly reduced. The currently used light-reducing measures mainly include three categories of setting light-reducing structures, utilizing vegetation to reduce light and controlling the brightness of the outer surface of a hole. The light reducing structure is set up through building light reducing shed, sunshade, light reducing grating and other buildings in the opening to reduce brightness. The latter two types of light reduction measures are poor in effect although they are good in economy, while domestic research mostly mainly focuses on light reduction structures, and few researches for reducing light by using vegetation and controlling brightness outside tunnels result in increased engineering cost, and tunnel light reduction measures limited by short tunnels and special terrains are unreasonable.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new dimming optimization method to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a tunnel entrance dimming method based on equivalent light curtain brightness, which is low in manufacturing cost and good in dimming effect.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a tunnel portal dimming method based on equivalent light curtain brightness comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring a landscape environment of the section close to the opening by using a camera;
s2, performing scene proportion analysis according to the equivalent light curtain brightness polar coordinate graph to determine the scene needing dimming design;
s3, designing the scene for the determined dimming, and performing dimming optimization in a mode of reducing the surface brightness of the scene;
step S4, calculating the equivalent light curtain brightness caused by the glare source outside the tunnel after the dimming optimization;
and step S5, calculating the brightness value of the entrance section after dimming optimization.
Further, in step S1, when the landscape environment of the tunnel entrance approach section is obtained, the approach section is photographed by a digital camera at a position which is 1.5m away from the ground and has a parking sight distance from the tunnel entrance.
Further, in step S2, the central position of the tunnel entrance is taken as an origin, the 2 ° view angle at the position where the digital camera shoots is taken as an inner circle, the 56.8 ° view angle is taken as an outer circle, m spherical ring bands are divided between the inner circle and the outer circle, and n equal-angle sectors are divided on the polar coordinate graph on average, so that each spherical ring band is divided into n equal-size sectors on average, and an equivalent light curtain brightness polar coordinate graph is obtained; and overlapping the equivalent light curtain brightness polar coordinate graph on a shot close-range picture, so that the origin of the equivalent light curtain brightness polar coordinate graph is positioned at the central position of the tunnel portal, and determining the scene of the dimming design according to the area ratio in the coverage range of the polar coordinate graph.
Further, in step S3, the method for dimming optimization is to improve the surface reflection characteristic and reflection coefficient of the scene and reduce the luminance of the hole, and includes the following steps:
the tunnel door is made of a material with small reflection coefficient and low orientation degree;
the highway pavement material of the entrance section is selected from an asphalt pavement or a dark composite pavement with low pavement brightness;
planting coniferous trees, dark shrubs or herbaceous plants on mountains with large area proportion in the polar coordinate graph;
if there is a billboard in the polar coordinate diagram, the diffuse reflection material with reflection coefficient less than 0.2 and orientation less than 0.4 is selected as the decoration of the billboard.
Further, in the step S4, the equivalent light curtain brightness L of the polar coordinate view field range is calculatedseqThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Lije＝τwsτaLij+Lws
wherein i represents the serial number of the ball belt ring, and i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to m; j represents the sector number; j is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n; l isijeThe equivalent brightness of a sector of the ith spherical ring divided by the jth sector is shown; tau iswsRefractive index of windshield, 0.8, tauaFor air light transmittance, the air light transmittance outside the tunnel at a parking visual range is 1, LwsIs the windshield brightness value, LijThe average brightness value of the sector of the ith ball belt ring divided by the jth sector is shown.
Further, in the step S5, an entrance luminance value L is calculatedthThe formula of (1) is:
wherein: l isaThe brightness of the air scattering light; cmFor minimum perceived contrast, a value of 0.28 is suggested; rho is the light reflection coefficient of the small target and takes the value of 0.2; q. q.scThe ratio of the road surface brightness of the small target to the vertical surface illumination at the center of the small target is obtained, the value is 0.6 during the backlight illumination, and the value is 0.2 during the symmetrical illumination.
Furthermore, the road pavement material of the entrance section is a composite pavement with dark red and gray intervals.
Further, the composite pavement layout length of the entrance road is calculated as follows:
wherein D isthIs the length of the inlet segment; h is the net height of the tunnel opening; scIs the parking sight distance under the environment of a dark red road surface; v is the driving speed; t is tcThe driver reaction time in a dark red road environment; k is a color number of deep red; f. ofcThe reaction time t of the driver under the environment of a dark red road surfacecA normal distribution probability density function of (1); mu.scA sample expected value representing an eye movement test; sigmacRepresents the variance of samples obtained by eye movement testing.
Has the advantages that: in the invention, two dimming methods of vegetation dimming and controlling the brightness of scenery outside the tunnel are combined for dimming optimization, data analysis is carried out by an equivalent light curtain theory, the surface brightness of the scenery with a larger proportion is controlled, so that the brightness of the environment outside the tunnel is reduced, and the brightness required by the entrance section is optimized, thereby greatly improving the efficiency of dimming measures, reducing the cost, and ensuring that the brightness design of the entrance section of the tunnel is safer, more green and energy-saving.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a tunnel portal dimming method based on equivalent light curtain brightness according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a polar coordinate diagram of equivalent light curtain luminance;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent light curtain luminance polar plot superimposed on a near segment photograph.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention better understood and make the above objects, features and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more comprehensible, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified and limited, it is to be noted that the term "connected" is to be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, a mechanical connection or an electrical connection, or a communication between two elements, or may be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and a specific meaning of the term may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
As shown in fig. 1, a preferred embodiment of the tunnel portal dimming method based on equivalent light curtain brightness of the present invention comprises the following steps:
s1, shooting the approaching section at a position which is at a parking sight distance from the tunnel entrance and is 1.5m away from the ground by using a digital camera to obtain the landscape environment of the approaching section of the tunnel entrance;
and step S2, performing scene proportion analysis according to the equivalent light curtain brightness polar coordinate diagram, and determining the scene needing dimming design. The reason for carrying out scene ratio analysis by using the equivalent light curtain brightness polar coordinate diagram is that the scenes outside the tunnel mainly comprise the road surface outside the tunnel, vegetation, sky, a tunnel portal, exposed rocks, a concrete retaining wall and the like, the uniformity of the brightness of the scenes outside the tunnel is poor, and the brightness difference of the scenes at different positions is obvious. Taking the central position of the tunnel portal as an origin, taking a 2-degree visual angle at the shooting position of a digital camera as an inner circle and a 56.8-degree visual angle as an outer circle, dividing m spherical ring rings between the inner circle and the outer circle, and averagely dividing n equal-angle sectors on a polar coordinate graph, so that each spherical ring is averagely divided into n equal-size sectors to obtain an equivalent light curtain brightness polar coordinate graph; as shown in fig. 2, it is an equivalent light curtain brightness polar coordinate diagram divided into 9 spherical rings and 12 equal-angle sectors; the polar coordinate graph of the equivalent screen brightness is taken as an example for explanation.
As shown in fig. 3, the polar coordinate diagram of the equivalent light curtain brightness is overlapped on the photographed near segment, so that the origin of the polar coordinate diagram of the equivalent light curtain brightness is located at the center of the tunnel entrance, and the scene of the dimming design is determined according to the area ratio within the range covered by the polar coordinate diagram. The scenes which are larger than the polar coordinate graph are correspondingly optimized, and the scenes which are not in the range do not need to be processed emphatically. Generally speaking, the scenery in the area above the pavement in the 8 th and 9 th ball belt rings needs to be optimized for dimming. Because the occupation ratios of all parts of different tunnels are different, the occupation ratio of sky is larger, the occupation ratio of mountain areas is larger, the polar coordinate graph and the superposition graph of the scene environment photo are analyzed under different conditions, the scene of each spherical zone area is particularly the vertical plane or can be approximately regarded as the vertical plane, and the surface is made of diffuse reflection materials or can be approximately regarded as diffuse reflection materials. For the surface, the required brightness of the opening can be reduced by referring to the vertical surface illumination, utilizing the relationship between the surface brightness and the surface illumination when the object is in diffuse reflection and utilizing the reflection characteristics of the object to carry out optimization.
S3, designing the scene for the determined dimming, improving the surface reflection characteristics and the reflection coefficient of the scene, and reducing the brightness of the opening by dimming optimization in a mode of reducing the surface brightness of the scene; specifically, the following method can be adopted:
(1) the tunnel door is characterized in that the preferential sequence of the form of the tunnel door is a bamboo cutting type, an end wall type with a curved top surface, a horn-shaped end wall type and an end wall type with a straight top surface, most of the end wall types have large area and high brightness, the interior oppression feeling is easy to be formed for a driver, the volume of the end wall is preferably reduced as much as possible, the end wall can be subjected to layering and slab staggering treatment by adopting simple changes such as a transverse or vertical pull groove, the weight feeling is weakened, materials such as black face bricks, black rough-surface marbles, black gray terrazzo and the like with the reflection coefficient smaller than 0.2 and the orientation degree smaller than 0.4 are selected as the tunnel door, and decorative materials such as a black face brick, a black rough-surface marble, a black.
(2) The pavement is made of concrete and asphalt generally, and the gray concrete pavement is lighter in color, so that the space brightness of the tunnel is increased, the integral driving vision is improved, but the driving noise of the concrete pavement is high, and the anti-skid effect is poor; bituminous paving is as flexible road surface, and the comfortable degree of driving a vehicle is high, and it is good to meet water skid resistance, nevertheless because road surface colour is deep, and light reflectivity is lower, has directly influenced the visibility in tunnel driving space, and is fairly unfavorable to driving safety, and under same lighting condition, luminance can be inferior to grey cement road surface in the tunnel. The color pavement not only keeps the driving comfort and the skid resistance of the original asphalt pavement, but also reduces the illumination operation cost, which is very important. In contrast, the entrance section is preferably selected from asphalt pavement or composite pavement with low pavement brightness, and the design adopts gradient color pavement.
Inlet segment color selection: when a vehicle enters a tunnel from the outside in the daytime, the illumination intensity in the tunnel is far lower than the outside brightness, and the black hole effect is one of important causes of traffic accidents at the entrance of the tunnel. The red pavement is paved, so that the dark adaptability of the vision of a driver is greatly improved, and the driving decision-making capability of driving in the tunnel is ensured. The visual stimulation effect is achieved, a driver can be reminded of concentrating attention in the tunnel, and the vehicle can run stably; when the ambient illumination greatly changes, the red road surface can effectively prevent visual disturbance, so that a driver can be prevented from being blinded instantly to a great extent, and the strong light and weak color phenomena of the road surface inside the tunnel can be improved.
The road pavement material of the entry section is preferably a composite pavement with deep red and gray spacing, preferably 50cm spacing per section. The composite pavement layout length of the entrance road is calculated as follows:
wherein D isthIs the length of the inlet segment; h is the net height of the tunnel opening; scIs the parking sight distance under the environment of a dark red road surface; v is the drivingSpeed; t is tcThe driver reaction time in a dark red road environment; k is a color number of deep red; f. ofcThe reaction time t of the driver under the environment of a dark red road surfacecA normal distribution probability density function of (1); mu.scA sample expected value representing an eye movement test; sigmacRepresents the variance of samples obtained by eye movement testing.
As shown in Table 1, the reaction time t of the driver under the road surface with different colors isc。
TABLE 1
| Road surface color | White colour (Bai) | Red wine | Green | Ash of | Blue (B) | Yellow colour |
| Reaction time(s) | 4.74 | 3.16 | 2.80 | 2.38 | 1.77 | 1.57 |
(3) Greening, namely planting needle-leaf trees or dark shrubs or herbs in places with large area proportion in a polar coordinate diagram from the parking visual distance range in front of the hole, planting trees at the nose end of the tunnel and on the right side or on the upward slope of the hole to shield the sky on the premise of ensuring that driving safety is not influenced, planting plants with low dark leaf reflection coefficients such as purplish red lordosia and dark green rhododendron, and planting light yellow vegetation such as golden leaf ligustrum lucidum near the hole. As shown in table 2, the light reflection coefficients of different scenes.
TABLE 2
(4) If the billboard is in the polar coordinate graph, the billboard is preferably decorated by a diffuse reflection material with a reflection coefficient less than 0.2 and a degree of orientation less than 0.4.
After the dimming optimization is performed, the brightness of the landscape can be greatly reduced, as shown in fig. 3, which is the brightness data of the scene after the dimming optimization.
TABLE 3
Step S4, calculating the equivalent light curtain brightness caused by the glare source outside the tunnel after the dimming optimization; equivalent light curtain brightness L of polar coordinate view field rangeseqThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Lije＝τwsτaLij+Lws
wherein i represents the serial number of the ball belt ring; j represents the serial number of the sector block in the spherical belt ring; l isijeEquivalent brightness of a jth sector in an ith spherical ring; tau iswsRefractive index of windshield, 0.8, tauaFor air light transmittance, the air light transmittance outside the tunnel at a parking visual range is 1, LwsIs the windshield brightness value, LijThe average brightness value of the jth sector in the ith spherical ring is shown.
The following description will be given with reference to data of a tunnel opening on a certain engineering construction site, and as shown in table 4, the data is brightness data of the tunnel opening before dimming optimization.
TABLE 4
Calculating the equivalent light curtain brightness of the tunnel portal before the light reduction optimization according to the data:
Lseq＝5.26×10-4×156551≈82cd/m2
as shown in table 5, the luminance data of the tunnel opening before the dimming optimization is obtained.
TABLE 5
Calculating the equivalent light curtain brightness of the tunnel portal after the light reduction optimization according to the data:
L’seq＝5.26×10-4×119181≈63cd/m2
and step S5, calculating the brightness value of the entrance section after dimming optimization. Calculating the brightness value L of the inlet sectionthThe formula of (1) is:
wherein: l isaThe brightness of the air scattering light; cmFor minimum perceived contrast, a value of 0.28 is suggested; rho is the light reflection coefficient of the small target and takes the value of 0.2; q. q.scThe ratio of the road surface brightness of the small target to the vertical surface illumination at the center of the small target is obtained, the value is 0.6 during the backlight illumination, and the value is 0.2 during the symmetrical illumination.
The data in step S4 are used for calculation, and the brightness value of the light-reduction optimization front entry segment is obtained as follows:
the brightness value of the inlet section after dimming optimization is as follows:
comparing the luminance values outside the tunnel before and after the dimming optimization, it can be known that the luminance value of the tunnel at the entrance section is obviously reduced after the optimization method of the embodiment is adopted. Because the brightness of the inlet section and the brightness of the adjacent section are in positive correlation in a natural light environment, the brightness change of the inlet section can be used as the reference of the brightness of the adjacent section, and the calculation result shows that the brightness value of the adjacent section is also obviously reduced after the dimming optimization. Therefore, the dimming optimization method for performing vegetation dimming and controlling the apparent brightness of the scenery based on the equivalent light curtain brightness is more efficient and safer.
The undescribed parts of the present invention are consistent with the prior art, and are not described herein.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structures made by using the contents of the present specification and the drawings can be directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, and are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A tunnel portal dimming method based on equivalent light curtain brightness is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, acquiring a landscape environment of the section close to the opening by using a camera;
s2, performing scene proportion analysis according to the equivalent light curtain brightness polar coordinate graph to determine the scene needing dimming design;
s3, designing the scene for the determined dimming, and performing dimming optimization in a mode of reducing the surface brightness of the scene;
step S4, calculating the equivalent light curtain brightness caused by the glare source outside the tunnel after the dimming optimization;
and step S5, calculating the brightness value of the entrance section after dimming optimization.
2. The method for reducing the light at the tunnel entrance based on the equivalent light curtain brightness as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S1, when the landscape environment of the entrance section is obtained, the entrance section is photographed by a digital camera at a position 1.5m away from the ground and at a parking sight distance from the tunnel entrance.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S2, the central position of the tunnel opening is used as an origin, the 2 ° view angle at the position of the digital camera is used as an inner circle, the 56.8 ° view angle is used as an outer circle, m spherical rings are divided between the inner circle and the outer circle, and n equal-angle sectors are divided on the polar coordinate graph, so that each spherical ring is divided into n equal-size sectors on the polar coordinate graph, thereby obtaining the equivalent light curtain brightness polar coordinate graph; and overlapping the equivalent light curtain brightness polar coordinate graph on a shot close-range picture, so that the origin of the equivalent light curtain brightness polar coordinate graph is positioned at the central position of the tunnel portal, and determining the scene of the dimming design according to the area ratio in the coverage range of the polar coordinate graph.
4. The tunnel entrance dimming method based on equivalent light curtain brightness as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the dimming optimization method is to improve the surface reflection characteristics and reflection coefficient of the scenery and reduce the entrance brightness, and comprises the following steps:
the tunnel door is made of a material with small reflection coefficient and low orientation degree;
the highway pavement material of the entrance section is selected from an asphalt pavement or a dark composite pavement with low pavement brightness;
planting coniferous trees, dark shrubs or herbaceous plants on mountains with large area proportion in the polar coordinate graph;
if there is a billboard in the polar coordinate diagram, the diffuse reflection material with reflection coefficient less than 0.2 and orientation less than 0.4 is selected as the decoration of the billboard.
5. The method for reducing the light at the tunnel entrance based on the equivalent light curtain brightness as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S4, the equivalent light curtain brightness L of the field of view of the polar coordinate graph is calculatedseqThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Lije＝τwsτaLij+Lws
wherein i represents the serial number of the ball belt ring, and i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to m; j represents the sector number; j is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n; l isijeThe equivalent brightness of a sector of the ith spherical ring divided by the jth sector is shown; tau iswsRefractive index of windshield, τaFor air light transmittance, LwsIs the windshield brightness value, LijThe average brightness value of the sector of the ith ball belt ring divided by the jth sector is shown.
6. The method for dimming a tunnel portal according to an equivalent light curtain brightness of claim 5, wherein in the step S5, the brightness value L of the entrance segment is calculatedthThe formula of (1) is:
wherein: l isaThe brightness of the air scattering light; cmIs a minimum perceived contrast; ρ is the light reflection coefficient of the small target; q. q.scThe ratio of the road surface brightness of the small target to the vertical plane illumination at the center of the small target.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the road pavement material of the entrance section is a composite pavement with dark red and gray intervals.
8. The tunnel portal dimming method based on equivalent light curtain brightness as claimed in claim 7, wherein the composite pavement layout length of the entrance road is calculated as follows:
wherein D isthIs the length of the inlet segment; h is the net height of the tunnel opening; scIs the parking sight distance under the environment of a dark red road surface; v is the driving speed; t is tcThe driver reaction time in a dark red road environment; k is a color number of deep red; f. ofcThe reaction time t of the driver under the environment of a dark red road surfacecA normal distribution probability density function of (1); mu.scA sample expected value representing an eye movement test; sigmacRepresents the variance of samples obtained by eye movement testing.
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