CN112990588B - Geothermal pipeline scale removal period prediction method based on reducing rate and pump pressurization amplitude - Google Patents

Geothermal pipeline scale removal period prediction method based on reducing rate and pump pressurization amplitude Download PDF

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CN112990588B
CN112990588B CN202110317956.4A CN202110317956A CN112990588B CN 112990588 B CN112990588 B CN 112990588B CN 202110317956 A CN202110317956 A CN 202110317956A CN 112990588 B CN112990588 B CN 112990588B
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赵振
王凤林
秦光雄
张亮
耿松鹤
雷玉德
董高峰
柴晓然
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Abstract

The invention discloses a geothermal pipeline scale removal period prediction method based on a reducing rate and a pump supercharging amplitude, belonging to the technical field of scale removal and prevention of geothermal pipes and comprising the following steps: s1, calculating the pipeline diameter reduction rate generated by scaling in unit time according to the predicted scaling trend in the geothermal pipeline; s2, calculating the corresponding limit reducing rate when the flow rate in the well bore is kept unchanged according to the adjustable maximum increment of the pump pressures in the production well bore and the recharge well bore; s3, calculating the scale cleaning period in the mining and irrigating well shaft according to the pipeline diameter reduction and the limit diameter reduction caused by scaling in unit time; the invention solves the problem that the prior descaling method has various types but lacks a technical scheme for predicting the descaling time.

Description

Geothermal pipeline scale removal period prediction method based on reducing rate and pump pressurization amplitude
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of scale removal and prevention of geothermal pipes, and particularly relates to a geothermal pipeline scale removal period prediction method based on a reducing rate and a pump pressurization amplitude.
Background
The geothermal energy is an important renewable energy source, and how to develop and utilize the geothermal energy with high efficiency is a key problem of the current important research. The deep hole type geothermal water resource is abundant in China, but an integrated geothermal heat collecting and irrigating system needs to be established for maintaining the pressure of heat storage fluid, treating geothermal waste water and improving heat production capacity. And with the exploitation and recharging of geothermal water, certain scaling risk is faced in geothermal pipelines, and in severe cases, the recharging capacity of a shaft is obviously reduced, even injection is stopped, and huge loss is caused, so that the accurate scale-cleaning period prediction method is an important technology in efficiently developing and utilizing geothermal water.
The causes of fouling in geothermal pipelines fall into two main categories, the first category being: the formation water contains high-concentration salt ions which are easy to scale, and the original balance state is broken due to the change of temperature, pressure or composition to form scale in the flowing process of a shaft and the formation; the second type is: when two or more incompatible waters are mixed together, incompatible ions in the water interact to form scale. During the scaling process, ions in water are combined to form salt molecules with low solubility, then microcrystals are formed through molecular combination and arrangement, then a crystallization process is generated, and scaling is deposited along with the accumulation and growth of a large number of crystals, so that scaling substances with different shapes are formed under different pipeline conditions. The scale is attached to the surface of the pipeline in a certain proportion, so that the inner diameter is reduced, the pressure in the pipeline needs to be continuously increased for maintaining stable flow, when the limit value of pumping pressurization in the pipeline is reached, the flow cannot be continuously maintained, a scale removal measure needs to be timely carried out, and the utilization of geothermal energy is influenced.
Therefore, on the basis of the understanding of the scaling mechanism in the geothermal pipeline, after the scale cleaning period is determined, a reasonable scale removal and prevention method is adopted, so that the economic loss caused by scaling can be effectively avoided. The commonly used methods for descaling are: (1) chemical descaling: for carbonate scale, inorganic acid or organic acid + corrosion inhibitor can be adopted, and for silicate scale and sulfate scale, the chelating agent can be chelated with scale forming metal ions through a plurality of coordination bonds of the chelating agent to form a complex which is more stable and soluble in water than the scale forming matter, so that the scale removing purpose is achieved; (2) physical descaling: crushing or melting dirt by a device arranged underground or at a wellhead by adopting methods such as high-intensity acoustic shock waves, high-pressure water jet, electric pulses or oil pipe electromagnetic heating; (3) mechanical descaling: scraping scale in the pipeline by using a milling cutter and a similar cutting tool; (4) replacing the pipeline: the pipeline can be directly replaced at the position where the pipeline is easy to replace.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the geothermal pipeline descaling period prediction method based on the shrinkage and the pump pressurization amplitude solves the problems that the existing descaling methods are various, but the technical scheme for predicting the descaling time is lacked.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a geothermal pipeline scale removal period prediction method based on the reducing rate and the pump pressurization amplitude comprises the following steps:
s1, calculating the pipeline diameter reduction rate generated by scaling in unit time according to the predicted scaling trend in the geothermal pipeline;
s2, calculating the corresponding limit reducing rate when the flow rate in the well bore is kept unchanged according to the adjustable maximum increment of the pump pressures in the production well bore and the recharge well bore;
and S3, calculating the scale cleaning period in the mining and filling shaft according to the reduction rate and the limit reduction rate of the pipeline caused by scaling in unit time.
Further, the step S1 includes the following sub-steps:
s11, calculating the fouling attachment amount on the geothermal pipeline in unit time by adopting a fouling saturation index method according to the predicted maximum fouling concentration in the geothermal pipeline and based on the attachment proportion of the fouling product on the geothermal pipeline;
s12, calculating the fouling adhesion area according to the length of the predicted fouling area;
s13, calculating the diameter reduction rate of the geothermal pipeline in unit time caused by the scaling according to the scaling attachment area and the scaling attachment amount on the geothermal pipeline in unit time.
Further, the formula for calculating the fouling adhesion amount on the heat pipeline in unit time in the step S11 is as follows:
Qs＝tuqCsra
wherein Q issIs the amount of scale deposited on the hot line per unit time, tuIs unit time, q is flow rate, CsAt the maximum fouling concentration, raIs the proportion of scale products attached to the geothermal pipeline.
Further, the formula for calculating the fouling adhesion area in step S12 is as follows:
As＝πDLs
wherein A issD is the inner diameter of the geothermal pipeline, L is the scale attachment areasIs the predicted fouling zone length.
Further, the formula for calculating the reduction rate per unit time in the geothermal pipeline due to scaling in step S13 is as follows:
Figure BDA0002991971360000031
Figure BDA0002991971360000032
wherein R issIs the reduction of the scale formation in a unit time, dsIs the thickness of scale on the pipeline per unit time, D is the inner diameter of the geothermal pipeline, QsIs the amount of scale deposited on the hot line per unit time, ρsFor scale density, AsThe area of scale attachment.
Further, the step S2 includes the following sub-steps:
s21, calculating the minimum inner diameters of the geothermal pipelines respectively corresponding to the production well and the recharge well which enable the flow rate to be kept stable under the maximum adjustable increment of the pump pressure;
and S22, calculating the limiting diameter reduction rates of the production well and the recharge well according to the minimum inner diameters of pipelines respectively corresponding to the production well and the recharge well under the maximum adjustable increment of the pump pressure.
Further, the formula for calculating the limiting diameter reductions of the production well and the recharge well in the step S22 is as follows:
Figure BDA0002991971360000041
Figure BDA0002991971360000042
wherein R ismIs the limiting diameter reduction, D is the inner diameter of the geothermal pipeline, DmThe minimum inner diameter of the geothermal pipeline is delta p, the maximum adjustable increment of the pump pressure is delta p, mu is viscosity, L is the length of the pipeline, U is the flowing speed of fluid in the pipeline, and g is the gravity acceleration.
Further, the formula for calculating the cleaning period in the production and irrigation wellbore in the step S3 is as follows:
Figure BDA0002991971360000043
wherein T is the scale cleaning period, RmIs a limiting reduction ratio, RsIs the scaling shrinkage in unit time.
In conclusion, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the geothermal pipeline scale removal period prediction method based on the diameter reduction rate and considering the pump pressurization amplitude can obtain the on-site scale removal period through the change of the diameter reduction rate of the pipeline according to the basic performance parameters of the pipeline such as the pipe diameter, the increased pump pressurization, the pipe length and the like and geothermal water data such as the flow rate, the viscosity and the like, and implement timely scale removal measures according to the change, thereby effectively avoiding the problem of pipeline blockage caused by scaling. The invention has wide application range and flexible use, and can provide basis and support for the field application of the scale removal and prevention technology in the geothermal development process.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a geothermal pipeline descaling period prediction method based on the reduction rate and the pumping pressure amplitude.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined in the appended claims, and all matters produced by the invention using the inventive concept are protected.
As shown in fig. 1, a geothermal pipeline descaling period prediction method based on the reduction rate and the pumping pressure amplitude comprises the following steps:
s1, calculating the pipeline diameter reduction rate generated by scaling in unit time according to the predicted scaling trend in the geothermal pipeline;
step S1 includes the following substeps:
s11, calculating the fouling attachment amount on the geothermal pipeline in unit time by adopting a fouling saturation index method according to the predicted maximum fouling concentration in the geothermal pipeline and based on the attachment proportion of the fouling product on the geothermal pipeline;
the formula for calculating the amount of fouling adhesion on the hot line per unit time is:
Qs＝tuqCsra
wherein Q issIs a unit ofThe amount of scale deposited on the hot line in time is in kg, tuIs unit time, unit is 30d, q is flow rate, CsThe maximum fouling concentration is given in mg/L, raThe proportion of scale-forming products attached to the geothermal pipeline was taken as 10%.
S12, calculating the fouling adhesion area according to the length of the predicted fouling area;
the formula for calculating the fouling adhesion area in step S12 is:
As＝πDLs
wherein A issIs the area of scale attachment in m2D is the inner diameter of the geothermal pipeline and has the unit of m, LsIs the predicted fouling zone length in m.
S13, calculating the diameter reduction rate of the geothermal pipeline in unit time caused by the scaling according to the scaling attachment area and the scaling attachment amount on the geothermal pipeline in unit time.
In step S13, the formula for calculating the reduction rate per unit time due to fouling in the geothermal pipeline is:
Figure BDA0002991971360000051
Figure BDA0002991971360000061
wherein R issIs the reduction of the scale formation in a unit time, dsIs the thickness of scale on the pipeline per unit time, m, D is the inner diameter of the geothermal pipeline, QsIs the amount of scale deposited on the hot line per unit time, ρsIn terms of scale density, in kg/m3，AsThe area of scale attachment.
S2, calculating the corresponding limit reducing rate when the flow rate in the well bore is kept unchanged according to the adjustable maximum increment of the pump pressures in the production well bore and the recharge well bore;
the step S2 includes the following sub-steps:
s21, calculating the minimum inner diameters of the geothermal pipelines respectively corresponding to the production well and the recharge well which enable the flow rate to be kept stable under the maximum adjustable increment of the pump pressure;
and S22, calculating the limiting diameter reduction rates of the production well and the recharge well according to the minimum inner diameters of pipelines respectively corresponding to the production well and the recharge well under the maximum adjustable increment of the pump pressure.
In step S22, the formula for calculating the limiting diameter reductions of the production well and the recharge well is:
Figure BDA0002991971360000062
Figure BDA0002991971360000063
wherein R ismIs the limiting diameter reduction, D is the inner diameter of the geothermal pipeline, and the unit is m, DmThe minimum inner diameter of the geothermal pipeline is in the unit of m, delta p is the maximum adjustable increment of pump pressure, mu is viscosity and is in the unit of mPa.s, L is the length of the pipeline and is in the unit of m, U is the flowing speed of fluid in the pipeline and is in the unit of m/s, g is the gravity acceleration, and 9.81m/s is taken2。
And S3, calculating the scale cleaning period in the mining and filling shaft according to the reduction rate and the limit reduction rate of the pipeline caused by scaling in unit time.
The formula for calculating the scale cleaning period in the mining and irrigating shaft in the step S3 is as follows:
Figure BDA0002991971360000071
wherein T is the scale removal period, i.e. the time to reach the limiting reduction rate, in months, RmIs a limiting reduction ratio, RsIs the scaling shrinkage in unit time.
Example (b):
assuming that the inner diameters of pipelines of a production well and a recharge well are 178mm, the well depth is 1600m, the pump pipe length is 200m, and the maximum pump pressurization is 0.4MPa (namely, the head loss is increased by 40m water columns). The obtained scaling trends at key positions of the production shaft and the recharge shaft under different flow rates (1-3000 square/day) are shown in table 1 by adopting a scaling saturation index method according to the ion composition of geothermal water, and the length of a scaling area is within a range of 10m at the position of a well opening in a pump pipe of the production shaft and the whole shaft from a pump to the bottom of the recharge shaft. The density of the scale is 2710kg/m3, and the unit time is one month.
TABLE 1 prediction of fouling trends at critical locations in production and recharge wellbores
Figure BDA0002991971360000072
Taking the production well flow rate as 500 square/day as an example, the specific calculation process of the production well is introduced: the flow rate in the production well was 0.27m/s, and when the pump was pressurized to 0.4MPa, the internal diameter of the tubing decreased from initial 178mm to 61.71mm, with a limiting reduction of 65.33%. Based on the predicted maximum well head scale formation amount of 61.4mg/L and the total water production amount of 500 × 30 in 1 month, the scale formation amount of 921kg in 1 month (converted to 30.70kg of scale formation per day) was obtained, and assuming that the scales were deposited in the range of 10m at the well head at the deposition rate of 10%, the deposition area of scale formation was 5.59m2, the thickness of scale formation in 1 month was 6.08mm, and the reduction rate of scale formation in 1 month was 6.40%. The scale cleaning period is 10.21 months through the limiting diameter reduction rate and the scaling quantity diameter reduction rate of 1 month.
Taking the flow rate of the recharge well as 100 square/day as an example, a specific calculation process of the recharge well is introduced: the flow rate in the recharging well is 0.05m/s, when the pump pressure reaches 0.4MPa, the inner diameter of the pipeline is reduced to 28.94mm from the initial 178mm, and the limiting shrinkage rate is 83.74%. The monthly shrinkage rate is 0.01% according to the prediction of the scale formation of the recharging well, and the scale cleaning period is 1277 months.
The final results of the scale cleaning cycle at the critical position in the production and irrigation wellbore are shown in table 2. Under the assumption, the well head of the geothermal production well is seriously scaled, the higher the flow rate is, the larger the scaling amount is, the shorter the scale cleaning period is, and the scale needs to be cleaned in time; the scale cleaning period of the geothermal recharge well is extremely long, and scale cleaning is not required.
TABLE 2 Scale cleaning period at key position in production and irrigation wellbore calculated according to pipeline shrinkage
Figure BDA0002991971360000081

Claims (3)

1. A geothermal pipeline scale removal period prediction method based on the reducing rate and the pump pressurization amplitude is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, calculating the pipeline diameter reduction rate generated by scaling in unit time according to the predicted scaling trend in the geothermal pipeline;
step S1 includes the following substeps:
s11, calculating the fouling attachment amount on the geothermal pipeline in unit time by adopting a fouling saturation index method according to the predicted maximum fouling concentration in the geothermal pipeline and based on the attachment proportion of the fouling product on the geothermal pipeline;
s12, calculating the fouling adhesion area according to the length of the predicted fouling area;
s13, calculating the diameter reduction rate of the geothermal pipeline in unit time caused by scaling according to the scaling attachment area and the scaling attachment amount on the geothermal pipeline in unit time;
the formula for calculating the reduction rate of the geothermal pipeline in unit time due to scaling in step S13 is as follows:
Figure FDA0003251698180000011
Figure FDA0003251698180000012
wherein R issIs the reduction of the scale formation in a unit time, dsIs the thickness of scale on the pipeline per unit time, D is the inner diameter of the geothermal pipeline, QsIs the amount of scale deposited on the hot line per unit time, ρsFor scale density, AsTo form scale adhesionArea; s2, calculating the corresponding limit reducing rate when the flow rate in the well bore is kept unchanged according to the adjustable maximum increment of the pump pressures in the production well bore and the recharge well bore;
step S2 includes the following substeps:
s21, calculating the minimum inner diameters of the geothermal pipelines respectively corresponding to the production well and the recharge well which enable the flow rate to be kept stable under the maximum adjustable increment of the pump pressure;
s22, calculating the limiting diameter reduction rates of the production well and the recharge well according to the minimum inner diameters of pipelines respectively corresponding to the production well and the recharge well under the maximum adjustable increment of the pump pressure;
in step S22, the formula for calculating the limiting diameter reductions of the production well and the recharge well is:
Figure FDA0003251698180000021
Figure FDA0003251698180000022
wherein R ismIs the limiting diameter reduction, D is the inner diameter of the geothermal pipeline, DmThe minimum inner diameter of the geothermal pipeline is represented by delta p, the maximum adjustable increment of pump pressure is represented by mu, viscosity is represented by L, the length of the pipeline is represented by L, the flowing speed of fluid in the pipeline is represented by U, and g is gravity acceleration;
s3, calculating the scale cleaning period in the mining and irrigating well shaft according to the pipeline diameter reduction and the limit diameter reduction caused by scaling in unit time;
the formula for calculating the scale cleaning period in the mining and irrigating shaft in the step S3 is as follows:
Figure FDA0003251698180000023
wherein T is the scale cleaning period, RmIs a limiting reduction ratio, RsIs the scaling shrinkage in unit time.
2. The geothermal pipeline descaling cycle prediction method based on the reduction ratio and the pumping pressure amplitude as recited in claim 1, wherein the formula for calculating the scale deposit amount on the geothermal pipeline in unit time in the step S11 is as follows:
Qs＝tuqCsra
wherein Q issIs the amount of scale deposited on the hot line per unit time, tuIs unit time, q is flow rate, CsAt the maximum fouling concentration, raIs the proportion of scale products attached to the geothermal pipeline.
3. The geothermal pipeline scale removal cycle prediction method based on the diameter reduction and the pumping pressure amplitude as recited in claim 1, wherein the formula for calculating the scale adhesion area in step S12 is as follows:
As＝πDLs
wherein A issD is the inner diameter of the geothermal pipeline, L is the scale attachment areasIs the predicted fouling zone length.
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Address before: 810008 No.77 Haiyan Road, Xining City, Qinghai Province

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Patentee before: Qinghai 906 engineering survey and Design Institute

Patentee before: Qinghai Geological Environment Survey Institute