CN112990170A - Phased array radar target identification method and system, electronic device and medium - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of radar detection, and aims to provide a phased array radar target identification method, a phased array radar target identification system, electronic equipment and a medium. The phased array radar target identification method comprises the following steps: acquiring a microwave signal reflected by a monitoring target based on a phased array radar; obtaining a distance-Doppler image corresponding to the current monitoring target according to the microwave signal reflected by the current monitoring target; obtaining the motion information of the current monitoring target according to the microwave signal reflected by the current monitoring target, and tracking the distance-Doppler image corresponding to the current monitoring target to obtain a motion time sequence table of the current monitoring target; and obtaining the alarm information of the current monitored target according to the motion time sequence table of the current monitored target. The invention realizes the combined application of the microwave signal and the image data, has good tracking effect on the monitored target, and can alarm based on the motion time sequence table of the current monitored target.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radar detection, in particular to a phased array radar target identification method, a phased array radar target identification system, electronic equipment and a medium.
Background
The phased array radar, i.e. phase control electronic scanning array radar, is a radar area array formed by a large number of same radiation units, each radiation unit is independently controlled by a wave control and phase shifter in phase and amplitude, and an accurate and predictable radiation directional pattern and beam direction can be obtained. The ability of phased array radar to rapidly and accurately switch beams allows it to complete a full airspace scan in a short amount of time.
For monitoring targets in environments such as military control and meteorological monitoring, in the prior art, the monitoring is usually realized by means of a camera, however, the requirement of the camera on illumination conditions is high, the camera is not suitable for being used in low-brightness scenes such as at night, and the monitoring effect is poor in the low-brightness scenes. The phased array radar depends on the microwave signal reflected by the monitoring target as an information carrier, is not influenced by factors such as weather and illumination, and has stronger anti-interference capability, however, the tracking of the monitoring target is difficult to realize based on the reflected microwave signal. Therefore, there is a need to develop a method, a system, an electronic device and a medium for identifying targets of a phased array radar, which facilitate tracking and monitoring of the monitored targets.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems at least to a certain extent, and provides a phased array radar target identification method, a phased array radar target identification system, electronic equipment and a medium.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a phased array radar target identification method comprises the following steps:
acquiring a microwave signal reflected by a monitoring target based on a phased array radar;
obtaining a distance-Doppler image corresponding to the current monitoring target according to the microwave signal reflected by the current monitoring target;
obtaining the motion information of the current monitoring target according to the microwave signal reflected by the current monitoring target, and tracking the distance-Doppler image corresponding to the current monitoring target to obtain a motion time sequence table of the current monitoring target;
and obtaining the alarm information of the current monitored target according to the motion time sequence table of the current monitored target.
Preferably, after obtaining the range-doppler image corresponding to the current monitored target, the method further includes:
and filtering the distance-Doppler image corresponding to the current monitoring target to obtain a filtered distance-Doppler image.
Preferably, when the motion information of the current monitoring target is obtained according to the microwave signal reflected by the current monitoring target, and the range-doppler image corresponding to the current monitoring target is tracked to obtain the motion time sequence table of the current monitoring target, the steps are as follows:
obtaining motion information of the current monitoring target according to a microwave signal reflected by the current monitoring target, wherein the motion information comprises the distance between the current monitoring target and the phased array radar, the speed of the current monitoring target and the motion direction of the current monitoring target;
tracking the range-Doppler images corresponding to the current monitored target in a time dimension by using a moving target tracking algorithm, and marking the range-Doppler images corresponding to different time points of the same current monitored target as a same monitoring mark;
setting a virtual warning line in a monitoring range of the phased array radar, wherein the monitoring range is divided into a warning region and a safety region by the virtual warning line;
and obtaining a motion time sequence table of the current monitoring target according to the position change relation between the distance-Doppler image corresponding to the current monitoring target and the virtual warning line.
Preferably, after obtaining the motion time sequence table of the current monitoring target, the method further includes the following steps:
constructing a target recognition model;
and inputting the microwave signal reflected by the current monitoring target into the target recognition model to obtain the category information of the monitoring target corresponding to the microwave signal reflected by the current monitoring target.
Preferably, before the phased array radar-based acquisition of the microwave signal reflected by the monitoring target, the method further comprises the following steps:
acquiring fixed object information in a phased array radar monitoring range;
after the microwave signal reflected by the monitoring target is obtained based on the phased array radar, the method further comprises the following steps:
and screening out microwave signals corresponding to fixed objects in the monitoring range of the phased array radar.
A phased array radar target identification system is used for realizing any one of the above phased array radar target identification methods, and comprises a phased array radar, an image generation module, a motion time sequence generation module and an alarm module; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the phased array radar is used for acquiring microwave signals reflected by a monitoring target and then sending the microwave signals reflected by the current monitoring target to the image generation module;
the image generation module is used for obtaining a distance-Doppler image corresponding to the current monitoring target according to the microwave signal reflected by the current monitoring target and then sending the distance-Doppler image corresponding to the current monitoring target to the motion time sequence generation module;
the motion time sequence generation module is used for obtaining motion information of the current monitoring target according to the microwave signal reflected by the current monitoring target, tracking the distance-Doppler image corresponding to the current monitoring target to obtain a motion time sequence table of the current monitoring target, and then sending the motion time sequence table of the current monitoring target to the alarm module;
and the alarm module is used for obtaining the alarm information of the current monitoring target according to the motion time sequence table of the current monitoring target.
An electronic device, comprising:
a memory for storing computer program instructions; and the number of the first and second groups,
a processor for executing the computer program instructions to perform the operations of the phased array radar target identification method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims.
A computer readable storage medium storing computer readable computer program instructions configured to perform operations of the phased array radar target identification method of any preceding claim when executed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the phased array radar target identification method converts microwave signals reflected by a monitoring target acquired based on a phased array radar into a range-Doppler image, tracks the range-Doppler image corresponding to the current monitoring target based on the image identification method to obtain a motion time sequence table of the current monitoring target, and finally obtains alarm information of the current monitoring target, so that the combined application of the microwave signals and image data is realized, the tracking effect of the monitoring target is good, the situation that a user checks the reflected microwave signals in real time to know the motion change of the monitoring target is avoided, the problem that the monitoring target is difficult to track due to the fact that only the microwave signals are used is avoided, and meanwhile, the alarm can be given based on the motion time sequence table of the current monitoring target;
2) according to the phased array radar target identification method, radar clutter is eliminated by using a DOG (direction of arrival) operator or a LOG (level of arrival) operator, interference edge detection is performed on a range-Doppler gray level image by using a Canny operator, and finally, a binary image is processed by using Hough transformation to determine description parameters of a range-Doppler gray level image edge curve, so that a regular curve of the range-Doppler gray level image edge is extracted, a filtered range-Doppler image is finally obtained, and the filtering processing effect on the range-Doppler image corresponding to the current monitored target is good;
3) according to the phased array radar target identification method, the type of the monitored target can be quickly and accurately identified by constructing the target model, so that the pertinence of the alarm information is improved;
4) the phased array radar target identification method can remove the influence of a fixed object on target identification and alarm, reduce the data computation amount and improve the target identification speed;
5) the processor of the electronic equipment can execute the method, so that the phased array radar target identification can be conveniently and automatically controlled, and the workload of workers is reduced;
6) the computer readable storage medium of the present invention may store computer instructions, and the computer instructions cause a computer to execute the method of the present invention, facilitating automatic control.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a phased array radar target identification method of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a block diagram of an electronic device in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments.
It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another.
It should be understood that, for the term "and/or" as may appear herein, it is merely an associative relationship that describes an associated object, meaning that three relationships may exist, e.g., a and/or B may mean: a exists alone, B exists alone, and A and B exist at the same time.
It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions/acts noted may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two figures shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the figures may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality/acts involved.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a phased array radar target identification method, as shown in fig. 1, including the following steps:
s1, acquiring microwave signals reflected by a monitoring target based on a phased array radar; the monitoring target is an object in the monitoring range of the phased array radar, such as a missile, a worker, an operating instrument, a house and other objects in the launching or landing process;
s2, obtaining a distance-Doppler image corresponding to the current monitoring target according to the microwave signal reflected by the current monitoring target;
s3, obtaining the motion information of the current monitoring target according to the microwave signal reflected by the current monitoring target, and tracking the distance-Doppler image corresponding to the current monitoring target to obtain a motion time sequence table of the current monitoring target;
and S4, obtaining the alarm information of the current monitoring target according to the motion time sequence table of the current monitoring target.
In the embodiment, the microwave signal reflected by the monitoring target obtained based on the phased array radar is converted into the range-doppler image, then the range-doppler image corresponding to the current monitoring target is tracked based on the image recognition method, the motion time sequence table of the current monitoring target is obtained, and the alarm information of the current monitoring target is finally obtained, so that the combined application of the microwave signal and the image data is realized, the tracking effect of the monitoring target is good, the situation that a user checks the reflected microwave signal in real time to know the motion change of the monitoring target is avoided, the problem that the monitoring target is difficult to track due to the microwave signal only is avoided, and meanwhile, the alarm can be given based on the motion time sequence table of the current monitoring target.
Specifically, when a range-doppler image corresponding to the current monitoring target is obtained according to the microwave signal reflected by the current monitoring target, the steps are as follows:
s201, arranging microwave signals reflected by a current monitoring target into a distance-Doppler matrix;
s202, performing pulse compression and Doppler processing on the range-Doppler matrix to obtain a range-Doppler image.
In this embodiment, after obtaining the range-doppler image corresponding to the current monitoring target, the method further includes:
SA1, filtering the distance-Doppler image corresponding to the current monitoring target to obtain a filtered distance-Doppler image.
Specifically, in this embodiment, when the distance-doppler image corresponding to the currently monitored target is filtered to obtain the filtered distance-doppler image, the steps are as follows:
SA101, converting a distance-Doppler image corresponding to a current monitored target into a distance-Doppler gray image through a gray level transformation function; the gray scale transformation function is g = c × log (1+ f), wherein c is a scale proportionality constant and is 1 by default, f is a gray scale value of a range-doppler image corresponding to a current monitoring target, and g is a gray scale value of a transformed range-doppler gray scale image;
SA102, using a DoG (Difference of Gaussian) operator or a LoG (Laplacian of Gaussian) operator to eliminate the influence of radar clutter; to sharpen the RF interference straight edge; the method can be used for eliminating the influence of radar sea clutter, wherein the sea clutter generally refers to backscattering echoes of the sea surface under the irradiation of radar;
SA103, using a Canny (computational theory of edge detection) operator to perform interference edge detection on the range-Doppler grayscale image to obtain a binary image;
and SA104, processing the binary image by Hough (Hough) transformation to obtain a filtered range-Doppler image.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, a DOG operator or a LOG operator is used to eliminate radar clutter, a Canny operator is used to perform interference edge detection on the range-doppler grayscale image, and finally, Hough transform is used to process the binarized image to determine description parameters of a range-doppler grayscale image edge curve, so as to extract a rule curve of the range-doppler grayscale image edge, and finally obtain a filtered range-doppler image, which has a good filtering effect on the range-doppler image corresponding to the currently monitored target.
In this embodiment, when the motion information of the current monitoring target is obtained according to the microwave signal reflected by the current monitoring target, and the range-doppler image corresponding to the current monitoring target is tracked to obtain the motion time sequence table of the current monitoring target, the steps are as follows:
s301, obtaining motion information of the current monitoring target according to a microwave signal reflected by the current monitoring target, wherein the motion information comprises a distance L between the current monitoring target and the phased array radar, a speed v of the current monitoring target and a motion direction of the current monitoring target;
s302, tracking the distance-Doppler images corresponding to the current monitored target in a time dimension by using a moving target tracking algorithm, and marking the distance-Doppler images corresponding to different time points of the same current monitored target as a same monitoring mark;
s303, setting a virtual warning line in the monitoring range of the phased array radar, wherein the monitoring range is divided into a warning region and a safety region by the virtual warning line;
s304, obtaining a motion time sequence table of the current monitoring target according to the position change relation between the distance-Doppler image corresponding to the current monitoring target and the virtual warning line. That is, for the time sequence of the range-doppler image of the same monitoring mark, the position change condition of the current range-doppler image and the virtual warning line is judged to obtain the motion time sequence table of the current monitoring target, and according to the motion time sequence table of the current monitoring target, the time when the current monitoring target enters the warning region from the safety region and the time when the current monitoring target enters the safety region from the warning region can be grasped.
In this embodiment, the alarm information of the current monitored target includes alarm information such as an alarm signal that the current monitored target enters the warning area by mistake and an alarm signal that the current monitored target enters the safety area, so as to prompt the operating condition of the monitored target for the staff, and the staff can deal with the alarm information as soon as possible.
In this embodiment, after obtaining the motion time sequence table of the current monitoring target, the method further includes the following steps:
SA2, constructing a target recognition model;
and SA3, inputting the microwave signal reflected by the current monitoring target into the target recognition model to obtain the category information of the monitoring target corresponding to the microwave signal reflected by the current monitoring target.
Specifically, when the target recognition model is constructed, the steps are as follows:
SA201, acquiring microwave signals reflected by all monitoring targets, and acquiring motion information of all monitoring targets according to the microwave signals reflected by all monitoring targets, wherein the motion information comprises the distance L between the current monitoring target and the phased array radar, the speed v of the current monitoring target and the motion direction of the current monitoring target;
SA202, performing data cleaning processing, data alignment processing and/or data abnormal value elimination processing on the motion information of all the monitored targets so as to improve the data quality of the motion information of all the monitored targets;
SA203, analyzing the correlation between the motion information of all the monitoring targets and the monitoring targets of different types according to different types of the monitoring targets, and acquiring the motion information of which the correlation is greater than a threshold value;
SA204, performing statistical analysis on the motion information with the correlation larger than a threshold value, and constructing an empirical characteristic;
SA205, constructing a target recognition model according to the empirical characteristics, the motion information with the correlation larger than the threshold value and the detection target of the category corresponding to the motion information;
SA206, dividing the motion information of all the monitored targets into a training data set and a checking data set by using a neural network algorithm; the training data set is used for training the target recognition model, and the verification data set is used for verifying the reliability and accuracy of the target recognition model trained through the training data set. In addition, the neural network algorithm can reduce the effect of manually intervening the division of the training data set and the check data set, so that the machine division is realized, and the workload of a user is reduced.
According to the method and the device, the type of the monitored target can be rapidly and accurately identified by constructing the target model, so that the pertinence of the alarm information is improved.
In this embodiment, before the phased array radar acquires the microwave signal reflected by the monitoring target, the method further includes the following steps:
SA3, obtaining fixed object information in the monitoring range of the phased array radar;
after the microwave signal reflected by the monitoring target is obtained based on the phased array radar, the method further comprises the following steps:
and SA4, screening out microwave signals corresponding to the fixed objects in the monitoring range of the phased array radar.
By means of the device, the influence of the fixed object on target identification and alarm can be removed, the data operation amount can be reduced, and the target identification speed can be improved.
Example 2:
on the basis of embodiment 1, the embodiment discloses a phased array radar target identification system, which is used for realizing the phased array radar target identification method in embodiment 1, and the phased array radar target identification system comprises a phased array radar, an image generation module, a motion time sequence generation module and an alarm module; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the phased array radar is used for acquiring microwave signals reflected by a monitoring target and then sending the microwave signals reflected by the current monitoring target to the image generation module;
the image generation module is used for obtaining a distance-Doppler image corresponding to the current monitoring target according to the microwave signal reflected by the current monitoring target and then sending the distance-Doppler image corresponding to the current monitoring target to the motion time sequence generation module;
the motion time sequence generation module is used for obtaining motion information of the current monitoring target according to the microwave signal reflected by the current monitoring target, tracking the distance-Doppler image corresponding to the current monitoring target to obtain a motion time sequence table of the current monitoring target, and then sending the motion time sequence table of the current monitoring target to the alarm module;
and the alarm module is used for obtaining the alarm information of the current monitoring target according to the motion time sequence table of the current monitoring target.
In this embodiment, the phased array radar is an active phased array radar. Specifically, each antenna unit of the active phased array radar is equipped with a transmitting/receiving component, and each component can generate and receive electromagnetic waves by itself, so that the active phased array radar has greater advantages in bandwidth, signal processing and redundancy design than the passive phased array radar. The phased array radar may also be a digital phased array radar. The digital phased array radar can further improve the occupation ratio of the solid-state integrated circuit, and the scanning frequency, the scanning range and the anti-interference performance of the radar are improved by applying the digital beam forming technology to the phased array radar.
Example 3:
on the basis of embodiment 1 or 2, this embodiment discloses an electronic device, and this device may be a smart phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a desktop computer, or the like. The electronic device may be referred to as a device for a terminal, a portable terminal, a desktop terminal, or the like, and as shown in fig. 2, the electronic device includes:
a memory for storing computer program instructions; and the number of the first and second groups,
a processor for executing the computer program instructions to carry out the operations of the phased array radar target identification method as defined in any one of embodiments 1.
In particular, the processor 301 may include one or more processing cores, such as a 4-core processor, an 8-core processor, and so on. The processor 301 may be implemented in at least one hardware form of a DSP (Digital Signal Processing), an FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array), and a PLA (Programmable Logic Array). The processor 301 may also include a main processor and a coprocessor, where the main processor is a processor for Processing data in an awake state, and is also called a Central Processing Unit (CPU); a coprocessor is a low power processor for processing data in a standby state. In some embodiments, the processor 301 may be integrated with a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), which is responsible for rendering and drawing the content required to be displayed on the display screen.
In some embodiments, the terminal may further include: a communication interface 303 and at least one peripheral device. The processor 301, the memory 302 and the communication interface 303 may be connected by a bus or signal lines. Various peripheral devices may be connected to communication interface 303 via a bus, signal line, or circuit board. Specifically, the peripheral device includes: at least one of radio frequency circuitry 304, a display screen 305, and a power source 306.
The communication interface 303 may be used to connect at least one peripheral device related to I/O (Input/Output) to the processor 301 and the memory 302. In some embodiments, processor 301, memory 302, and communication interface 303 are integrated on the same chip or circuit board; in some other embodiments, any one or two of the processor 301, the memory 302 and the communication interface 303 may be implemented on a single chip or circuit board, which is not limited in this embodiment.
The Radio Frequency circuit 304 is used for receiving and transmitting RF (Radio Frequency) signals, also called electromagnetic signals. The radio frequency circuitry 304 communicates with communication networks and other communication devices via electromagnetic signals.
The display screen 305 is used to display a UI (User Interface). The UI may include graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof.
The power supply 306 is used to power various components in the electronic device.
Example 4:
on the basis of any embodiment of embodiments 1 to 3, the present embodiment discloses a computer-readable storage medium for storing computer-readable computer program instructions configured to, when executed, perform the operations of the phased array radar target identification method according to embodiment 1.
It should be noted that the functions described herein, if implemented in software functional units and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium executable by a processor. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: modifications of the technical solutions described in the embodiments or equivalent replacements of some technical features may still be made. And such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Finally, it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above alternative embodiments, and that various other forms of products can be obtained by anyone in light of the present invention. The above detailed description should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined in the claims, and which the description is intended to be interpreted accordingly.
Claims (8)
1. A phased array radar target identification method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring a microwave signal reflected by a monitoring target based on a phased array radar;
obtaining a distance-Doppler image corresponding to the current monitoring target according to the microwave signal reflected by the current monitoring target;
obtaining the motion information of the current monitoring target according to the microwave signal reflected by the current monitoring target, and tracking the distance-Doppler image corresponding to the current monitoring target to obtain a motion time sequence table of the current monitoring target;
and obtaining the alarm information of the current monitored target according to the motion time sequence table of the current monitored target.
2. The phased array radar target identification method of claim 1, wherein: after obtaining the range-doppler image corresponding to the current monitoring target, the method further comprises:
and filtering the distance-Doppler image corresponding to the current monitoring target to obtain a filtered distance-Doppler image.
3. The phased array radar target identification method of claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps of obtaining motion information of a current monitoring target according to a microwave signal reflected by the current monitoring target, tracking a distance-Doppler image corresponding to the current monitoring target, and obtaining a motion time sequence table of the current monitoring target:
obtaining motion information of the current monitoring target according to a microwave signal reflected by the current monitoring target, wherein the motion information comprises the distance between the current monitoring target and the phased array radar, the speed of the current monitoring target and the motion direction of the current monitoring target;
tracking the range-Doppler images corresponding to the current monitored target in a time dimension by using a moving target tracking algorithm, and marking the range-Doppler images corresponding to different time points of the same current monitored target as a same monitoring mark;
setting a virtual warning line in a monitoring range of the phased array radar, wherein the monitoring range is divided into a warning region and a safety region by the virtual warning line;
and obtaining a motion time sequence table of the current monitoring target according to the position change relation between the distance-Doppler image corresponding to the current monitoring target and the virtual warning line.
4. The phased array radar target identification method of claim 1, wherein: after obtaining the motion time sequence table of the current monitoring target, the method further comprises the following steps:
constructing a target recognition model;
and inputting the microwave signal reflected by the current monitoring target into the target recognition model to obtain the category information of the monitoring target corresponding to the microwave signal reflected by the current monitoring target.
5. The phased array radar target identification method of claim 1, wherein: before the phased array radar-based method is used for acquiring microwave signals reflected by a monitoring target, the method further comprises the following steps:
acquiring fixed object information in a phased array radar monitoring range;
after the microwave signal reflected by the monitoring target is obtained based on the phased array radar, the method further comprises the following steps:
and screening out microwave signals corresponding to fixed objects in the monitoring range of the phased array radar.
6. A phased array radar target identification system, characterized by: the phased array radar target identification method is used for realizing the phased array radar target identification method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the phased array radar target identification system comprises a phased array radar, an image generation module, a motion time sequence generation module and an alarm module; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the phased array radar is used for acquiring microwave signals reflected by a monitoring target and then sending the microwave signals reflected by the current monitoring target to the image generation module;
the image generation module is used for obtaining a distance-Doppler image corresponding to the current monitoring target according to the microwave signal reflected by the current monitoring target and then sending the distance-Doppler image corresponding to the current monitoring target to the motion time sequence generation module;
the motion time sequence generation module is used for obtaining motion information of the current monitoring target according to the microwave signal reflected by the current monitoring target, tracking the distance-Doppler image corresponding to the current monitoring target to obtain a motion time sequence table of the current monitoring target, and then sending the motion time sequence table of the current monitoring target to the alarm module;
and the alarm module is used for obtaining the alarm information of the current monitoring target according to the motion time sequence table of the current monitoring target.
7. An electronic device, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
a memory for storing computer program instructions; and the number of the first and second groups,
a processor for executing the computer program instructions to perform the operations of the phased array radar target identification method of any one of claims 1 to 5.
8. A computer-readable storage medium storing computer-readable computer program instructions, characterized in that: the computer program instructions are configured to perform the operations of the phased array radar target identification method of any one of claims 1 to 5 when executed.
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