CN112987529B - Three-dimensional photoelectric holographic display based on topological insulator material - Google Patents
Three-dimensional photoelectric holographic display based on topological insulator material Download PDFInfo
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- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000382 optic material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001093 holography Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004770 chalcogenides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000609 electron-beam lithography Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
- G03H1/0443—Digital holography, i.e. recording holograms with digital recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/0005—Adaptation of holography to specific applications
- G03H2001/0088—Adaptation of holography to specific applications for video-holography, i.e. integrating hologram acquisition, transmission and display
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Abstract
A three-dimensional electro-optical holographic display based on topological insulator materials comprises light source means, phase modulation means, control means, wherein an array of light sources is aligned with an array of phase modulation regions such that coherent light emitted by each light source is transmitted through a respective one of the phase modulation regions. Receiving, by a control component, an image signal representing a three-dimensional moving image and processing the image signal to generate a light source control signal for a planar light source and a phase modulation control signal for a phase modulation component, whereby the light source control signal determines an amplitude of coherent light emitted by the light source and the phase modulation control signal determines a phase shift of coherent light emitted by the light source and transmitted through the phase modulation region such that a display device emits light corresponding to a motion holographic image representing a three-dimensional moving image. The invention has the characteristics of large visual angle of the image, large image size and high spatial resolution.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the display of three-dimensional motion pictures, and in particular to three-dimensional holographic displays.
Background
Three-dimensional ("3D") motion pictures have been popular in commercial theaters for decades, but the need for the viewers to wear polarizers is a key factor that limits their appeal to certain genres and audiences. With the great success of the 3D version of the large-format afarda, 3D television became a commercial reality several years ago. However, this technology eventually failed commercially and 3D television is no longer produced. One of the key reasons for the failure of 3D television is that it is often necessary to wear polarized or "active shutter" glasses in order for the two eyes of the viewer to see different images and thus achieve depth perception.
In view of the above, the underlying basis of 3D display technology is a display technology that allows a viewer to view 3D moving images without the need to wear glasses or any other form of filter or attachment. Despite the advances made in this field of research in laboratory environments, the final images suffer from drawbacks such as limited viewing angle, small image size and low spatial resolution.
Accordingly, it is desirable to alleviate one or more of the difficulties of the prior art, or at least to provide a useful alternative.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is a 3D display that displays a three-dimensional moving image as a motion hologram image to a viewer, and a process for producing the 3D display. Holography has been used for optical microscopy, imaging, data storage, metrology, and information security since 1940. In short, as known to those skilled in the art, conventional holography uses photographic negatives having extremely high spatial resolution to record and subsequently reproduce the amplitude and phase information of coherent light scattered from objects in a scene to be imaged. The basic principle is that photographic negatives record the interference pattern produced by a coherent light beam.
More recently, relatively low cost computers have become sufficiently powerful to now calculate synthetic or virtual holographic interference patterns of real or virtual objects by simulating optical wavefronts, creating a new field of technology known as computer generated holography or "CGH". Holography has a significant advantage over conventional optical holograms because holographic imaging no longer requires real objects. With this advantage, CGH is likely to be used for imaging and display with portable electronic devices such as smartphones, smartwatches, and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a three-dimensional electro-optical holographic display based on topological insulator materials, comprising:
a light source component comprising a two-dimensional array of independently addressable light sources on the nanoscale in the plane of the array, each light source of the array being a coherent light source whose amplitude can be modulated independently of the other light sources of the array;
a phase modulation component comprising a two-dimensional array of independently addressable phase modulation regions of nanometer scale in a plane of the array;
wherein the array of light sources is aligned with the array of phase modulation regions such that coherent light emitted by each light source is transmitted through a respective one of the phase modulation regions; and
a control component that receives an image signal representing a three-dimensional moving image and processes the image signal to generate a light source control signal for a planar light source and a phase modulation control signal for a phase modulation component, whereby the light source control signal determines an amplitude of coherent light emitted by the light source and the phase modulation control signal determines a phase shift of coherent light emitted by the light source and transmitted through the phase modulation region such that a display device emits light corresponding to a motion holographic image representing a three-dimensional moving image.
Further, each phase modulation region includes an electro-optic material disposed between a corresponding pair of transparent electrodes. The electro-optic material is a topological insulator Bi 2 Se 3 、Sb 2 Te 3 Or Bi 2 Te 3 A film material. Further, the thin film material is Bi 2 Se 3 ，Sb 2 Te 3 ，Bi 2 Te 3 Topological insulator photovoltaic materials.
Further, the independently addressable coherent light sources include independently addressable red, green, and blue coherent light sources.
Further, the array of light sources is a component of an integrated optoelectronic circuit. The integrated optoelectronic circuit is a CMOS device.
Further, the array of light sources and the array of phase modulation regions are the same array, wherein each of said light sources is its own phase modulation region that modulates the phase of the light it produces.
A method of manufacturing a 3D display, forming a 3D display as claimed in any of claims 1 to 7.
The invention achieves the technical effects that: the device of the invention can generate three-dimensional, wide-viewing-angle, colorful and high-definition holographic display. Compared with a liquid crystal display device, the device is a solid-state photoelectric phase amplitude modulation device. Solid state spatial light modulation can reduce pixel size, thus increasing pixels and high definition for the same area. The topological insulator material has high refractive index characteristic, so that an ultrathin display screen can be prepared, and the thickness can be as small as tens of nanometers.
Drawings
Some embodiments of the invention are described below, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
fig. 1 is a block diagram of a 3D display according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a 3D display implementation process according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the general arrangement of a light source array and a phase modulation array of a 3D display.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a 3D display according to an embodiment of the present invention. The 3D display 100 includes a light source part 102, a phase modulation part 104, and a control part 106. At least the light source component 102 and the phase modulation component 104 are components of an optoelectronic integrated circuit or "chip". The light source assembly 102 comprises a two-dimensional array of individually addressable light sources 108 of nanometer dimensions in the plane of the array, each light source 108 of the array being a coherent light source whose amplitude can be dynamically modulated and independent of the other light sources of the array.
The phase modulating component 104 comprises a two-dimensional array of independently addressable phase modulating regions 110 of nanometer scale dimensions in the plane of the array. The array of light sources is aligned with the array of phase modulation regions such that coherent light emitted by each light source is transmitted through a respective one of the phase modulation regions. The individual light sources and the corresponding phase modulation regions 110 together constitute corresponding pixels of the 3D display. As described below, the control section 106 generates control signals that dynamically control the amplitude and phase of light emitted from pixels of the display to generate a motion holographic image.
In some embodiments, the individually addressable light sources 108 include independently addressable coherent red light sources, independently addressable coherent green light sources, and independently addressable coherent blue light sources to enable display of a full-color holographic image.
In the described embodiment, the array of light sources 108 and the array of phase modulating components 104 are components of an integrated optoelectronic circuit, allowing it to be used as a 3D display for portable electronic devices such as smartphones or smartwatches. In the described embodiments, the integrated optoelectronic circuit is a CMOS device.
Due to their nanoscale, 3D display 100 produces holographic images having wide viewing angles of about 90 ° to 180 °. By forming the nanoscale array of light sources 108 and phase modulation regions 110 using a standard high-resolution patterning process such as electron beam lithography, an array of 1024 x 1024 or 4096 x 4096 can be formed, producing a high-resolution holographic image having a spatial dimension of about 10cm to 50 cm.
As shown in fig. 3, in the depicted embodiment, each phase modulation region 110 includes electro-optic material disposed between a respective pair of transparent electrodes (e.g., ITO) above and below the region, thereby allowing visible light to pass through the electrodes without significant absorption. The refractive index of each phase modulation region 110 is dynamically and selectively modulated by applying a respective voltage across a respective pair of transparent electrodes to establish a respective electric field in the phase modulation region 110. In this way, the phase of light emitted from each pixel is dynamically and selectively modulated. By dynamically and independently modulating both the amplitude and phase of the light emitted from each pixel of the display, a motion holographic image is produced.
In some embodiments, some topological insulator materials have a nonlinear electro-optic effect, the refractive index of which can be modulated by an external electric field. Therefore, the holographic plate made of the topological insulator material can regulate the phase of each pixel by an external electric field, and further generate dynamic holographic imaging. These electro-optic topological insulator materials include Bi 2 Se 3 ，Sb 2 Te 3 ，Bi 2 Te 3 High refractive index chalcogenides. These materials can be processed into thin films and nanostructures to achieve ultra-thin holographic plates.
In some embodiments, the refractive index of each region is temporarily changed to a desired value using a second array of light sources. In other embodiments, the underlying array of light sources is first used to change the index of refraction before being used to create the hologram.
The control section 106 receives an image signal representing a three-dimensional moving image, and processes the image signal to generate a light source control signal of the planar light source 108 and a phase modulation control signal of the phase modulation section 104. The light source control signal determines the amplitude of the coherent light emitted by the light source 108 and the phase modulation control signal determines the phase shift of the coherent light emitted by the light source 108 and transmitted through the phase modulation region 110 such that the display device emits light corresponding to a motion hologram representing a three-dimensional moving image.
In the depicted embodiment, the control component 106 includes a Random Access Memory (RAM)112, at least one processor 114, and light source driving circuitry, all interconnected by a bus 120.
The light source driving circuit includes a light source driver 116 that generates signals to control the light source array, and a phase adjuster driver 118 that generates signals to control the phase adjuster array. The 3D display 100 also includes an operating system 122, such as embedded Linux, and the processes executed by the 3D display 100 are implemented as programming instructions for one or more software modules stored on non-volatile (e.g., solid state drive) memory associated with the display. It will be apparent, however, that at least a portion of the processes can alternatively be implemented as one or more special-purpose hardware components, such as Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) and/or Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs).
Although the control component 106 is represented in FIG. 1 as a separate component, so that its primary constituent components may be shown, in some embodiments, at least some of these components are included in an integrated optoelectronic circuit. In some components, the entire control component 106 is included in an integrated optoelectronic circuit.
In the depicted embodiment, an integrated optoelectronic circuit chip is fabricated using standard micro/nano fabrication methods known to those skilled in the art to form a nano-scale array of pixels comprised of light sources 108 and overlying phase modulation regions 110.
In use, the control component 106 performs a 3D display process that receives 3D video data representing a 3D motion image and processes each frame of the motion image using methods known to those skilled in the CGH art to generate hologram data representing a series of hologram representations. In brief, the received 3D image data is first converted into holographic amplitude and phase data. As known to those skilled in the art, a point source method or a polygon-based method may be used to generate a gray scale hologram of an object. In some embodiments, binary holograms are generated by mapping each hologram's median value to 0 or 2 π using it as a threshold.
Once each hologram is generated, the hologram data is processed to determine the respective signals to be applied to the light source and phase modulator of each pixel of the 3D display in order to render the respective image as a visible holographic image.
A multi-color dynamic holographic display is schematically shown in fig. 3. The holographic display is composed of a plurality of digital holographic pixels. In each pixel, a coherent light source produces red, green, and/or blue coherent light. Two transparent electrodes on the top and bottom of the topological insulator electro-optic material are used to apply a bias voltage across the material and thereby dynamically change its refractive index. Phase modulation from 0 to 2 pi can be achieved by providing a digital bias voltage to control the electric field in the electro-optic material. The external bias can then change the refractive index of the electro-optic pixel, typically in the range from 0 to 10-2, by phase modulation. The CMOS photonics chip controls phase modulation and amplitude modulation of light emitted from pixels of a 3D display.
In some embodiments, the display has a high resolution of 4096 x 4096 pixels, with a pixel size of less than 1 micron. Such a small pixel size enables a large viewing angle and a high spatial resolution. The CMOS photonics chip emits any combination of up to three colors of light, namely red, green and blue. For reconstructing the wavefront of the 3D object, a digital holographic phase map is calculated by the control unit.
Uploading of the pre-calculated digital holographic phase pattern to the display may be achieved by applying a different bias voltage across each phase modulated pixel. The phase information may be converted into refractive index information and further bias information. Thus, phase information can be uploaded by programmatically adding a bias.
By this method, full-color holographic display can be realized.
Meanwhile, the invention provides a method for realizing the three-dimensional photoelectric holographic display, as shown in the attached figure 2, the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of 1, preparing a CMOS chip and an electrode, 2, synthesizing a topological material, 3, calculating a holographic pattern, 4, manufacturing the holographic pattern, 5, designing a control bias program, and 6, generating a dynamic holographic image.
It should be noted that the above embodiments are only for understanding the invention, and do not limit the scope of the claims of the invention, and many modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention, and modifications of the technical solutions on the basis of the technical idea of the invention are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A three-dimensional photoelectric holographic display based on topological insulator materials is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
a light source component comprising a two-dimensional array of independently addressable light sources on the nanoscale in the plane of the array, each light source of the array being a coherent light source whose amplitude can be modulated independently of the other light sources of the array;
a phase modulation component comprising a two-dimensional array of independently addressable phase modulation regions of nanometer scale in a plane of the array;
wherein the array of light sources is aligned with the array of phase modulation regions such that coherent light emitted by each light source is transmitted through a respective one of the phase modulation regions; and
a control section that receives an image signal representing a three-dimensional moving image and processes the image signal to generate a light source control signal for a planar light source and a phase modulation control signal for a phase modulation section, whereby the light source control signal determines an amplitude of coherent light emitted by the light source and the phase modulation control signal determines a phase shift of coherent light emitted by the light source and transmitted through the phase modulation region so that a display device emits light corresponding to a motion hologram image representing a three-dimensional moving image;
the array of light sources is a component of an integrated optoelectronic circuit, which is a CMOS device, and the array of light sources and the array of phase modulation regions are the same array, wherein each of the light sources is its own phase modulation region that modulates the phase of the light it generates.
2. The display of claim 1, wherein: each phase modulation region includes an electro-optic material disposed between a corresponding pair of transparent electrodes.
3. The display of claim 2, wherein: the electro-optic material is a topological insulator Bi 2 Se 3 、Sb 2 Te 3 Or Bi 2 Te 3 A film material.
4. The display of claim 3, wherein: the film material is Bi 2 Se 3 ，Sb 2 Te 3 ，Bi 2 Te 3 Topological insulator photovoltaic materials.
5. The display of claim 1, wherein: the independently addressable coherent light sources include independently addressable red, green, and blue coherent light sources.
6. A method of manufacturing a 3D display, characterized by: forming the three-dimensional electro-optical holographic display of any of claims 1 to 5.
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| CN108614911A (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2018-10-02 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Material interface light beam IF displacement systems based on limited surface band gap topological insulator |
| CN110531601A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2019-12-03 | 杜尔利塔斯有限公司 | The method of hologram is shown in the display device for including pixel |
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| CN108614911A (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2018-10-02 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Material interface light beam IF displacement systems based on limited surface band gap topological insulator |
| CN110531601A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2019-12-03 | 杜尔利塔斯有限公司 | The method of hologram is shown in the display device for including pixel |
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