CN108614911A - Material interface light beam IF displacement systems based on limited surface band gap topological insulator - Google Patents

Material interface light beam IF displacement systems based on limited surface band gap topological insulator Download PDF

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CN108614911A
CN108614911A CN201810195567.7A CN201810195567A CN108614911A CN 108614911 A CN108614911 A CN 108614911A CN 201810195567 A CN201810195567 A CN 201810195567A CN 108614911 A CN108614911 A CN 108614911A
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topological insulator
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曾然
唐龙
王驰
侯金鑫
胡淼
李齐良
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Hangzhou Electronic Science and Technology University
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Abstract

The invention discloses based on the method that can flow method calculating the reflected beams Imbert Fedorov displacements in the topological insulator of limited surface band gap, this method comprises the following steps:The first step:Establish single INTERFACE MODEL of common isotropic medium and isotropism finite band gap topological insulator;Second step:Determine boundary and primary condition;Third walks:Seek the transmission coefficient and reflectance factor on single interface of generic media and chiral soliton;4th step:Using it is modified can the method for flowing seek can flow in all directions;5th step:Seek Imbert Fedorov (IF) displacement.The present invention can accurately analyze the lateral displacement characteristic of single INTERFACE MODEL of generic media and finite band gap topological insulator, the topological insulator of the limited surface band gap of the present invention is comparatively close to the theoretical model of actual topological insulator material, relatively has application value as test model;New way is provided for regulation and control IF displacements simultaneously, a kind of optical means is provided to measure topological magnetoelectricity polarization property.

Description

Material interface light beam IF displacement systems based on limited surface band gap topological insulator
Technical field
The invention belongs to optical information technology fields, and in particular to a kind of amendment can the method for flowing seek the limited surface of generic media- IF (Imbert-Fedorov) displacement system on the topological insulator interface of band gap.(lateral displacements of the reflected beams)
Background technology
When being totally reflected on two uniform dielectric interfaces, back wave center will be sent out electromagnetic wave relative to incidence wave center Raw displacement, that is, be parallel to the Goos- of the plane of incidence(GH) lateral displacement and the Imbert- perpendicular to the plane of incidence Fedorov (IF) lateral displacement, the theoretical and experimental study about GH and IF displacements are always to explore light wave and physical medium phase The important means of interaction, by the research to placement property it will be seen that incidence, polarized state and the medium of incidence wave Influence of the characterisitic parameter to back wave and transmitted wave.1948, Artmann gave Goos-The Theory Solution of effect It releases, subsequent Renard propositions can flow theory, it is indicated that incident beam part can be flowed enters optically thinner medium in the form of evanescent wave, and edge A certain distance back reflection is propagated to optically denser medium perpendicular to interface direction, but can the GH displacements that solve of the method for flowing and Artmann The stationary phase method result used is inconsistent.Yasumoto et al. increases incident beam and the reflected beams on the basis of energy stream method The influence item to that can flow is interfered, to guarantee the correctness of stream method.
The currently research about IF displacements has been extended in various structure and material media, for example, layered structure medium, Periodical media, absorbing material and non-absorbing material, photonic crystal, chiral soliton etc..Although having so material medium and structure, IF effects about topological insulator surface are seldom, and the research especially with respect to the topological insulator of limited surface band gap just lacks it It is again few, therefore this system will seek lateral displacement spy of the reflected beams on the topological insulator interface of limited surface band gap Property.
It is a kind of completely new object that Condensed Matter Physics circle is found in recent years by the topological insulator that Time-reversal symmetry is protected Matter state.This substance possesses very peculiar physical property, its surface is the metallic state of incompetent system, and its then has energy in vivo Gap, it is similar with common insulators.When studying the lateral displacement characteristic on topological insulator surface, need to be opened up with magnetisable coating covering Insulator surface is flutterred to open surface band gap, limited surface band gap will also influence lateral displacement characteristic.It insulate with to topology The increase of body research, people also begin to the placement property of topological insulator surface unusual topological magneto-electric behavior and the reflected beams It is combined.Xu et al. discusses the IF displacements generated in the transmitting of anisotropy topological insulator interface;Liu et al. people use can flow method The IF displacements in generic media and topological insulator interface are had studied, research finds that IF displacements can also deposit in linear polarization .
Although people have had a special electromagnetic characteristic that many people have studied topological insulator, their research be all It is studied in the case of unlimited band gap, the research of the limited surface band gap in relation to topological insulator is considerably less, and Chen has had studied Limit influence of the topological insulator of surface band gap to Casimir power, the spy on the topological insulator surface about limited surface band gap The research of property displacement does not have but.Imbert-Fedorov (IF) displacement has become the research emphasis of many researchers, with The appearance of various special material media, the research in relation to IF displacements is also more and more abundant.
Invention content
The present invention provides it is a kind of based on can flow method calculate the reflected beams in the topological insulator of limited surface band gap The method of Imbert-Fedorov displacements.The topological insulator of the limited surface band gap of the present invention is comparatively close to actual topology absolutely The theoretical model of edge body material, relatively has application value as test model;New way is provided for regulation and control IF displacements simultaneously, is It measures topological magnetoelectricity polarization property and provides a kind of optical means.
In order to reach the purpose of the present invention, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that:
The reflected beams Imbert-Fedorov displacements in the topological insulator of limited surface band gap are analyzed based on method can be flowed Method, the method carries out as follows:
The first step:Establish common isotropic medium and the topological insulator list interface mould of the limited surface band gap of isotropism Type;
Second step:Determine boundary and primary condition;
Third walks:Seek the transmission coefficient on the topological insulator list interface of generic media and limited surface band gap and reflection Coefficient;
4th step:Using it is modified can the method for flowing seek can flow in all directions;
5th step:Seek Imbert-Fedorov (IF) displacement.
Further, the first step of the method is specially:
Topological insulator is the insulation state protected by Time-reversal symmetry, α/(4 π in vivo2)∫d3Xdt Θ EB topologys Non-trivial item can be rewritten as the locking fermion of the spin momentum in topological insulator and common insulators interface, and this system will only The case where considering topology magnetoelectricity polarizability Θ=π or-π, can directly be generalized to more fermions.Dirac fermions are topological exhausted The effect in edge body surface face can be expressed as:
A=0, x, y, ψ indicate wave function, γ0z, γx=ivFσy, γy=-ivFσx。σx、σy、σzThree Paulis from Revolve matrix.vFIt is the Fermi velocity of surface fermion, for different material vFValue will be different, in Bi2Te3Surface, vF=1.3 ×10-3C, and in Bi2Se3Surface vF=1.7 × 10-3C is convenience of calculation, takes v hereF=1.0 × 10-3c.M expressions pass through painting Smear the surface band gap of magnetisable coating, m=± | m | correspond to Θ=± π, usual Θ=± (2n+1) π expressions are topological insulators There are multiple fermions on surface.AaIt is the first three items of electromagnetic potential, corresponding electromagnetic field is that can be described as:
Here E and B is electric field and magnetic field, ε respectively2And μ2It is then the dielectric constant and magnetic conductivity inside topological insulator. The useful effect that additional electromagnetic field is tieed up for one (2+1) can be obtained by the quantum field theory of standardA Feynman parameter is introduced, and Fermi is integrated into a single cycle In amendment, form below can be obtained:
Here dimensionless group φ and Φ can be acquired by integral:
Wherein sign (m) indicates the symbol of limited surface band gap, that is, the symbol of corresponding different topology magnetoelectricity polarizability. α indicates fine-structure constant, andHere k0、k||Total wave in topological insulator is indicated respectively The wave vector of vector sum plane and the plane of incidence.When being it is recognised that in large surface band gap (| m | → ∞) from expression above, φ (λ) → sign (m) α, Φ (λ)=α/6.
Equation (3), which is brought into standard electromagnetic field equation (2), can obtain corresponding Maxwell equations:
In | m | according to modified constitutive relation can be obtained when → ∞:
Assuming that limited light beam is from 1 (ε of semo-infinite isotropic medium1, μ1) the oblique uniform limited surface for being incident upon semo-infinite thickness 2 (the ε of topological insulator of band gap2, μ2), as shown in Fig. 2 (a).From these corresponding Maxwell equations can with to modified Structure relationship and corresponding boundary condition:
According to equation (6~9) can derive the topological insulator surface of limited surface band gap reflected field and thoroughly Radio field expression formula:
Kr=k1(-cosθix+sinθiz)、Kt=k2(cosθix+sinθiZ), accordingly(j =1,2), λ0Indicate the wavelength of incidence wave in a vacuum, Kx、PxThe respectively x-axis component of medium 1 and the wave vector in medium 2.Root According to corresponding electric field Er、EtAnd constitutive relation (7) can obtain corresponding magnetic field.
Light beam is from an optically denser mediumIt is incident on an optically thinner mediumInterface on when, Meet θ in incidence anglei> θc=aicsin (n1/n2) when, it will it is totally reflected, the energy stream of beam Propagation will be reflected in On the boundary of two media.The electromagnetic wave propagated in optically thinner medium at this time is a heterogeneous and exponentially attenuated form, Commonly referred to as evanescent wave.Renard points out that capable of flowing for incident beam will enter optically thinner medium in the form of evanescent wave, and along interface It is returned in optically denser medium from newly after transmission certain distance.Here consider that a finite plane wave is incident on opening up for limited surface band gap Insulator surface is flutterred, the IF displacements of generation will be in the y-axis direction.As shown in Fig. 2 (b), one is considered first due to incident light Beam and reflection institute light beam be relevant to cause the time to be averaged Poynting vector Ssir, such as the dash area in figure, can calculate average P can be flowedir(ξ=z, y).
P in figuretIndicating that evanescent wave is total can flow, and can be acquired by equation (14), S hererIndicate the time of evanescent wave Average Poynting vectors:
And the time of back wave be averaged Poynting vectors x-axis componentIt can be expressed as:
By can the method for flowing can obtain IF displacement expression formulas:
Under total reflection condition, i.e. incidence angle θi> θcWhen, reflectance factor will become plural number, and phase also will be with incidence angle Variation and change, will produce IF displacements to back wave.
The present invention has following features:
The present invention using Yasumoto and Oisihi it is improved can flow method calculate light beam be incident on from common dielectric it is limited The IF displacements on the topological insulator surface of surface band gap can accurately analyze the list of generic media and finite band gap topological insulator The lateral displacement characteristic of INTERFACE MODEL, the placement property analyzed can accurately reflect the incidence of incidence wave, polarized state and Influence of the dielectric property parameter to back wave and transmitted wave.
Since topological insulator actual building cost is high, we, which first calculate, tests the topological insulator material of any parameter and can be obtained The IF beam deviations that we want, and the topological insulator of limited surface band gap is relatively actual topological insulator material Theoretical model, relatively have use value as test model.In linear polarization, when changing the width of limited surface band gap, TE The IF displacements of incidence wave will reduce with the reduction of band gap width;And the IF displacements of TM incidence waves are in the limited of topological insulator When the width of surface band gap reduces, the displacement of light beam will reduce, when continuing to reduce the width of limited surface band gap, displacement Value has and increases by a small margin again.To study influence of the reflected beams of different polarization states to placement property, we have also investigated ellipses The IF displacements of polarized incident light beam, the IF displacements of elliptical polarization incident beam have apparent enhancing as can be known from the results, while subtracting When spatia zonularis width, the value of IF displacements can also start to reduce, continue reduce band gap width when IF displacements will have again by a small margin Growth.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the analysis process figure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 (a) is that single INTERFACE MODEL that the topological insulator of generic media and limited surface band gap is constituted in the present invention is shown It is intended to.
Energy flow model of Fig. 2 (b) finite planes wave in the topological insulator of limited surface band gap
Fig. 3 is the input and output figure of system.
Fig. 4 is the IF displacement diagrams generated when linear polarization incidence.
Fig. 5 (a) is the figure that IF displacements change with polarizing angle γ when determining an incidence angle.
Fig. 5 (b) is to be incident on the insulation of dextrorotation band gap topology in left-hand polarization and dextropolarization under different limited surface band gap IF displacements on body interface.
Specific implementation mode
It elaborates below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is the analysis process figure of the present invention.It is exhausted in the topology of limited surface band gap based on method analysis the reflected beams can be flowed The method of Imbert-Fedorov displacements on edge body, carries out as follows:
The first step:Establish common isotropic medium and the topological insulator list interface mould of the limited surface band gap of isotropism Type;
Second step:Determine boundary and primary condition;
Third walks:Seek the transmission coefficient on the topological insulator list interface of generic media and limited surface band gap and reflection Coefficient;
4th step:Using it is modified can the method for flowing seek can flow in all directions;
5th step:Seek Imbert-Fedorov (IF) displacement.
Topological insulator is the insulation state protected by Time-reversal symmetry, α/(4 π in vivo2)∫d3Xdt Θ EB topologys Non-trivial item can be rewritten as the locking fermion of the spin momentum in topological insulator and common insulators interface, and this system will only The case where considering topology magnetoelectricity polarizability Θ=π or-π, can directly be generalized to more fermions.Dirac fermions are topological exhausted The effect in edge body surface face can be expressed as:
A=0, x, y, γ0z, γx=ivFσy, γy=-ivFσx。σx、σy、σzIt is three pauli spin matrixes.vFIt is table The Fermi velocity of face fermion, for different material vFValue will be different, in Bi2Te3Surface, vF=1.3 × 10-3C, and Bi2Se3Surface vF=1.7 × 10-3C is convenience of calculation, takes v hereF=1.0 × 10-3c.M is indicated by smearing magnetisable coating Surface band gap, m=± | m | correspond to Θ=± π, usual Θ=± (2n+1) π expressions are that there are multiple on topological insulator surface Fermion.AaIt is the first three items of electromagnetic potential, corresponding electromagnetic field is that can be described as:
Here E and B is electric field and magnetic field, ε respectively2And μ2It is then the dielectric constant and magnetic conductivity inside topological insulator. The useful effect that additional electromagnetic field is tieed up for one (2+1) can be obtained by the quantum field theory of standardA Feynman parameter is introduced, and Fermi is integrated into a single cycle In amendment, form below can be obtained:
Here dimensionless group φ and Φ can be acquired by integral:
Wherein sign (m) indicates the symbol of limited surface band gap, that is, the symbol of corresponding different topology magnetoelectricity polarizability. α indicates fine-structure constant, andHere k0、k||Total wave vector in topological insulator is indicated respectively The wave vector of amount and plane and the plane of incidence.When being it is recognised that in large surface band gap (| m | → ∞) from expression above, φ (λ) → sign (m) α, Φ (λ)=α/6.
Equation (3), which is brought into standard electromagnetic field equation (2), can obtain corresponding Maxwell equations:
In | m | according to modified constitutive relation can be obtained when → ∞:
Assuming that limited light beam is from 1 (ε of semo-infinite isotropic medium1, μ1) the oblique uniform limited surface for being incident upon semo-infinite thickness 2 (the ε of topological insulator of band gap2, μ2), as shown in Fig. 2 (a).From these corresponding Maxwell equations can with to modified Structure relationship and corresponding boundary condition:
According to equation (6~9) can derive the topological insulator surface of limited surface band gap reflected field and thoroughly Radio field expression formula:
Kr=k1(-cosθix+sinθiz)、Kt=k2(cosθix+sinθiZ), accordingly(j =1,2), λ0Indicate the wavelength of incidence wave in a vacuum, Kx、PxThe respectively x-axis component of medium 1 and the wave vector in medium 2.Root According to corresponding electric field Er、EtAnd constitutive relation (7) can obtain corresponding magnetic field.
Light beam is from an optically denser mediumIt is incident on an optically thinner mediumInterface on when, Meet θ in incidence anglei> θc=aicsin (n1/n2) when, it will it is totally reflected, the energy stream of beam Propagation will be reflected in On the boundary of two media.The electromagnetic wave propagated in optically thinner medium at this time is a heterogeneous and exponentially attenuated form, Commonly referred to as evanescent wave.Renard points out that capable of flowing for incident beam will enter optically thinner medium in the form of evanescent wave, and along interface It is returned in optically denser medium from newly after transmission certain distance.Here consider that a finite plane wave is incident on opening up for limited surface band gap Insulator surface is flutterred, the IF displacements of generation will be in the y-axis direction.As shown in Fig. 2 (b), one is considered first due to incident light Beam and reflection institute light beam be relevant to cause the time to be averaged Poynting vector Ssir, such as the dash area in figure, can calculate average P can be flowedir(ξ=z, y).
P in figuretIndicating that evanescent wave is total can flow, and can be acquired by equation (14), S hererIndicate the time of evanescent wave Average Poynting vectors:
And the time of back wave be averaged Poynting vectors x-axis component Sx rIt can be expressed as:
By can the method for flowing can obtain IF displacement expression formulas:
Under total reflection condition, i.e. incidence angle θi> θcWhen, reflectance factor will become plural number, and phase also will be with incidence angle Variation and change, will produce IF displacements to back wave.
In the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 3, it is assumed that light only inputs the width of limited surface band gap in the ports A, in the ports B The dielectric constant and magnetic conductivity of input medium 1 and medium 2, (1. indicate that lines are inclined to the polarization type of input incident beam in the C of port It shakes, 2. indicate elliptical polarization).Assuming that inputting μ in port B12=1, ε1=5, ε2=4, and input 100W in port AR、 200WR、300WR、400WR、500WR、10000WR, W hereRIndicate resonant frequency.Assuming that 1 is confirmed as in port C, linear When polarization, phase difference δ=0, field parallel at this time is known as TE polarization in interface, and magnetic field is parallel to interface and is known as TM polarization. Change surface band gap m and incidence angle obtains the figure of different polarized waves.I.e. linear polarization when can to obtain IF displacements as shown in Figure 4.
And be 2 in port C input values, i.e., in elliptically polarized light incidence, δ=± pi/2 at this time (indicates that dextrorotation is inclined respectively Shake, left-hand polarization) the case where.According to the data that port A and port B is inputted, an incidence angle θ is determined at this timei=65 °, change Polarizing angle γ obtains IF displacements such as Fig. 5 (a).One can be obtained under corresponding polarization state and the angles γ for Min-max occur Larger IF displacements such as Fig. 5 (b).
The present invention is based on it is modified can the method for flowing have studied topological insulator of the light beam in limited surface band gap of finite width Influences of the width m of the IF displacements at interface, the incident beam for analyzing different polarization states and Bu Tong limited surface band gap to IF displacements. Since topological insulator actual building cost is high, this system, which can be calculated first, tests the topological insulator material of which kind of parameter and obtains us and think The IF beam deviations wanted, and the topological insulator of limited surface band gap is to be comparatively close to the reason of actual topological insulator material By model, relatively there is application value as test model.Simultaneously to generic media and finite band gap topological insulator interface I F The research of shifting provides new way for regulation and control IF displacements, while also providing a kind of optics to measure topological magnetoelectricity polarization property Method.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention and principle are described in detail above, to those skilled in the art Speech, the thought provided according to the present invention will change in specific implementation mode, and these changes also should be regarded as the present invention Protection domain.

Claims (6)

1. based on the method that can flow method calculating the reflected beams IF displacements in the topological insulator of limited surface band gap, feature exists In the method carries out as follows:
The first step:Establish the topological insulator list INTERFACE MODEL of common isotropic medium and the limited surface band gap of isotropism;
Second step:Determine boundary and primary condition;
Third walks:Seek the transmission coefficient on the topological insulator list interface of generic media and limited surface band gap and reflection system Number;
4th step:Using it is modified can the method for flowing seek can flow in all directions;
5th step:Seek IF displacements.
2. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the first step establishes common isotropic medium and isotropism The topological insulator list INTERFACE MODEL of limited surface band gap, it is specific as follows:
It is the spin momentum locking fermion in topological insulator and common insulators interface by topological non-trivial term rewriting; Effect of the Dirac fermions on topological insulator surface is expressed as:
Wherein, a=0, x, y;ψ indicates wave function, γ0z, γx=ivFσy, γy=-ivFσx,And σx、σy、σzIt is Three pauli spin matrixes;vFIt is the Fermi velocity of surface fermion, vF=1.0 × 10-3c;M is indicated by smearing magnetisable coating Surface band gap, m=± | m | correspond to Θ=± π, it is more that usual Θ=± (2n+1) π expression is that topological insulator surface exists A fermion;AaIt is the first three items of electromagnetic potential;Electromagnetic field equation is accordingly:
Here E and B is electric field and magnetic field, ε respectively2And μ2It is the dielectric constant and magnetic conductivity inside topological insulator respectively;
The useful effect of additional electromagnetic field is tieed up in (2+1) that the quantum field theory of standard obtainsMiddle introducing Feynman parameters, and Fermi is integrated into a single cycle In amendment, form below can be obtained:
Here dimensionless group φ and Φ can be acquired by integral:
Wherein sign (m) indicates the symbol of limited surface band gap, that is, the symbol of corresponding different topology magnetoelectricity polarizability, α tables Show fine-structure constant, andHere k0、k||Total wave vector in topological insulator is indicated respectively With the wave vector of plane and the plane of incidence;Here F indicates electromagnetic field tensor.
Equation (3), which is brought into standard electromagnetic field equation (2), can obtain corresponding Maxwell equations:
In | m | according to obtaining modified constitutive relation when → ∞:
3. method as claimed in claim 2, essential characteristic are:Second step determines boundary and primary condition, specific as follows:
Assuming that limited light beam is from 1 (ε of semo-infinite isotropic medium1, μ1) the oblique uniform limited surface band gap for being incident upon semo-infinite thickness 2 (ε of topological insulator2, μ2), obtain modified constitutive relation and corresponding boundary condition from corresponding Maxwell equations (6):
4. method as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that third walks, and is derived on limited surface according to equation (6~9) The reflected field and transmitted electric fields expression formula on the topological insulator surface of band gap, it is specific as follows:
Kr=k1(-cosθix+sinθiz)、Kt=k2(cosθix+sinθiZ), accordingly(j=1, 2), λ0Indicate the wavelength of incidence wave in a vacuum, Kx、PxThe respectively x-axis component of medium 1 and the wave vector in medium 2;According to phase The electric field E answeredr、EtAnd constitutive relation (7) can obtain corresponding magnetic field.Here n indicates that the refractive index of medium, c indicate light Speed, KxThe wave vector of x-axis component in expression medium 1, and PxIndicate the wave vector of the x-axis component in medium 2.
5. method as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the 4th step, using it is modified can the method for flowing seek in all directions Can flow, it is specific as follows:
Calculate average energy stream Pir(ξ=z, y),
Wherein PtIndicating that evanescent wave is total can flow, and can be acquired by equation (14,15), S hererIndicate the time of evanescent wave Average Poynting vectors:
And the time of back wave be averaged Poynting vectors x-axis componentIt is expressed as:
6. method as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the 5th step, by can the method for flowing obtain IF displacement expression formulas, specifically It is as follows:
To seek obtaining the reflected beams IF displacements in the topological insulator of limited surface band gap.
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CN109948266A (en) * 2019-03-25 2019-06-28 杭州电子科技大学 Based on old insulator-chiral soliton interface Kerr polarization rotation analysis method
CN110232250B (en) * 2019-06-18 2022-12-23 杭州电子科技大学 Calculation method for reflected Kerr polarization deflection of multilayer topological insulator structure
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