CN112987106B - Coalbed methane well productivity potential evaluation method based on microseism static monitoring - Google Patents
Coalbed methane well productivity potential evaluation method based on microseism static monitoring Download PDFInfo
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 235000021185 dessert Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/40—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging
- G01V1/44—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging using generators and receivers in the same well
- G01V1/48—Processing data
- G01V1/50—Analysing data
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/60—Analysis
- G01V2210/61—Analysis by combining or comparing a seismic data set with other data
- G01V2210/616—Data from specific type of measurement
- G01V2210/6169—Data from specific type of measurement using well-logging
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/60—Analysis
- G01V2210/62—Physical property of subsurface
- G01V2210/624—Reservoir parameters
Abstract
The invention discloses a coalbed methane well productivity potential evaluation method based on microseism static monitoring, which particularly relates to the technical field of coalbed methane well exploration and development, and comprises the following steps: step1, selecting a high-precision four-dimensional three-component microseism monitor; step2, establishing a microseism monitoring scheme of a research area; step3, analyzing and processing microseism signals acquired by the high-precision four-dimensional three-component microseism monitor, and explaining key parameters of a target layer, wherein the key parameters comprise the number of cracks, the crack dimensions, the crack geomechanical properties and the crack density; step4, carrying out weight assignment on the cracks with different properties, and calculating the gas production potential factors of the coal-bed gas well in unit area; the method has simple operation process and calculation flow, can realize objective evaluation of the capacity potential of the coal-bed gas well before the arrangement of the coal-bed gas well, and provides effective technical support for optimization of the dessert area of the coal-bed gas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of exploration and development of coal-bed gas wells, in particular to a method for evaluating capacity potential of a coal-bed gas well based on microseism static monitoring.
Background
The coalbed methane in China has rich resources, and the shallow resource quantity of 2000m is 30.5 trillion m 3 . However, due to complex geological conditions, the exploration and development difficulties are great. At present, the average single well yield of about 19000 coal-bed gas wells in China is less than 1000m 3 And/d, the single well yield has great difference, so that the whole development of the coalbed methane industry is slow. The capacity potential evaluation is an indispensable link for the coal bed gas enterprises to conduct commercialized development, and various capacity potential evaluation methods in the industry at present mainly comprise a numerical simulation method, a historical fitting method and the like, and a novel gas production potential prediction method based on actual measurement geology is not formed yet.
The basic ideas of the numerical simulation method and the history fitting method are analogies, and the gas production potential of the research area is deduced through geological information and production conditions of adjacent areas or adjacent wells. However, the heterogeneity of coal reservoirs is extremely strong, resulting in significant anisotropy in reservoir permeability. Therefore, the gas production potential prediction method based on the analogy method has the probability or subjectivity to a certain extent, the requirement of commercialized development of the coalbed methane is difficult to meet, and the research and development of a novel coalbed methane potential evaluation method becomes a necessary requirement for healthy development of the coalbed methane industry.
Microseism static monitoring, also called passive source seismic monitoring, is a geophysical means for describing reservoir fractures under the action of power in the earth. In addition, in recent years, the analysis of the source parameters of the passive source earthquake provides powerful support for reservoir permeability evaluation due to the great development of the analysis method of the source parameters of the micro-earthquake. In addition, the microseism static monitoring method realizes the monitoring full coverage of a research area, the potential evaluation of a single well is objective evaluation based on geological actual measurement data, and the probabilistic and subjective influences of analog methods such as a numerical simulation method and a history fitting method are overcome. Therefore, microseism static monitoring is a potential effective means for evaluating the capacity potential of coal-bed gas wells.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects, the invention aims to provide a coalbed methane well productivity potential evaluation method based on microseism static monitoring, which is simple to operate and reliable in result.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is implemented according to the following technical scheme:
a coalbed methane well productivity potential evaluation method based on microseism static monitoring comprises the following steps:
step1, selecting a high-precision four-dimensional three-component microseism monitor;
step2, establishing a microseism monitoring scheme of a research area;
step3, analyzing and processing microseism signals acquired by the high-precision four-dimensional three-component microseism monitor, and explaining key parameters of a target layer, wherein the key parameters comprise the number of cracks, the crack dimensions, the crack geomechanical properties and the crack density;
step4, carrying out weight assignment on the cracks with different properties, and calculating the gas production potential factors of the coal-bed gas well in unit area;
step5, determining the capacity potential of the coal-bed gas well according to the capacity potential factor;
specifically, in Step1, the sampling rate of the high-precision four-dimensional three-component microseism monitor is not lower than 1000SPS, the lower limit of the collectable earthquake level is not lower than-3, the frequency bandwidth of the collectable signal is between 1 and 100HZ, and the sensitivity of the detector is not lower than 52VS/m;
specifically, in Step2, the core parameters of the microseism monitoring scheme in the research area include: the microseism station arrangement mode is a diamond station distribution mode, and the station density is not less than 24 stations/km 2 The single-point monitoring time is not less than 8 hours;
specifically, in Step3, the method for explaining the key parameters of the target layer specifically includes the following steps:
step3.1, a crack number (N) judging method: three microseism events which continuously appear in time and can be connected into a straight line in space form a crack, and the number of cracks forming the area evaluation zone in all the cracks in the time is monitored; analysis of the source mechanism is performed using microseism,by the method of analyzing the mechanism of a seismic source by utilizing microseism (ZL 201310002751.2), the number of all fracture tension properties (M1), inclination and sliding properties (M2) and walk and sliding properties (M3) of a monitored area is divided and counted, and N=M 1 +M 2 +M 3 ；
Step3.2, calculation method of fracture scale (r):
wherein: r is the fracture scale, v p For P wave speed, read through logging curve, t 2 、t 1 Directly reading on a monitoring curve for the starting and stopping time points of the initial movement half period;
step3.3, a method for judging the crack density (ρ):
specifically, in Step4, the fracture weights (f) of different properties include weights (f 1 ) Weight of the fracture of the Tilt/slide Property (f) 2 ) And the weight of the slip property fracture (f 3 ) The fracture weights (f) with different properties are determined by the magnitude of the positive stress loaded on the fracture surfaces, and the positive stress acting on the different fracture surfaces is different;
wherein, the calculation formula of the positive stress acting on the crack surface with the sliding property is as follows:
the calculation formula of the positive stress acting on the fracture surface with the inclined sliding property is as follows:
the calculation formula of the positive stress acting on the fracture surface of the tensile property is as follows:
wherein ,σni For positive stress on fracture surfaces of different properties, i= { walk slip, tilt slip, stretch }; sigma (sigma) 1 ，σ 2 Respectively the maximum principal stress and the minimum principal stress in the horizontal direction; alpha is the included angle between the trend of the fracture surface and the horizontal maximum main stress direction; p (P) 0 Is the pore pressure at which the fracture forms in tension properties.
Determining the weight (f) of a tensile property fracture 1 ) Weight of the fracture of the rolling property (f) 2 ) The method comprises the following steps:
weight of the slip property fracture (f) 3 ) The method comprises the following steps:
by solving the three formulas, the contribution weights of the three cracks to permeability can be determined.
It should be noted that the weight ratio of the fracture contribution to permeability is not strictly determined, and the weight ratio is related to the stress environment of the research area, and requires the verification of working experience and site data;
specifically, in Step4, the method for calculating the gas production potential factor Q of the coalbed methane well comprises the following steps:
in Step5, the gas production potential (P) of the coalbed methane well comprises four grades of excellent, good, medium and bad, and the judging method comprises the following steps:
the basis for dividing the capacity potential level of the coal-bed gas well into four levels of excellent middle-difference is the highest daily output of a single well of the coal-bed gas well, and the principle of dividing the levels is based on the knowledge of the current coal-bed gas industry on commercial production;
in the existing dividing method, when the potential factor is lower than 0.5, the gas production of the coal-bed gas well is difficult, and the gas production belongs to a poor grade;
at a potential factor of 0.5-2, the highest daily production of a single well of a coal-bed gas well is not higher than 1000m 3 And/d, such areas have development value;
when the potential factor is 2-10, the highest daily yield of a single well of the coal-bed gas well is generally 1000-5000m 3 And/d, the coal bed gas development in the area has good development value;
when the potential factor is greater than 10, the highest daily output of the single well of the coal bed methane is generally greater than 5000m 3 And/d, which is the optimal dessert area for coal bed gas development, should be the area of choice for coal bed gas development.
Compared with the prior art, the coalbed methane well productivity potential evaluation method based on microseism static monitoring has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a coalbed methane productivity potential evaluation method based on microseism static monitoring, and the calculation model based on the crack density, the crack geomechanical property and the weight proportion provides possibility for objective evaluation of the coalbed methane productivity potential, and achieves ideal effects in practical application.
Using the method of the present invention, about 1.6km was performed in the Shanxi jin urban area 2 The field test of the invention has good linear relation between test results and the highest daily output of 22 coalbed methane wells in the area, the correlation coefficient is up to 0.87, the application effect is good, the operation process and the calculation flow are simple, objective evaluation on the productivity potential of the coalbed methane wells can be realized before the coalbed methane wells are arranged, and effective technical support is provided for optimization of coalbed methane dessert areas.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive faculty for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a typical waveform diagram of the static monitoring of the upper south block according to the present embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the capacity potential factor of a south-upper block coalbed methane well according to the present embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the throughput potential factor of the upper south block and the highest daily throughput of the single well according to the embodiment.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, wherein the exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the invention are for purposes of illustration, but are not intended to be limiting.
The present embodiment experimentally selects the eastern side of the temple fault of the upper block in the south of Ning Jingtian, administrative division is managed by mountain and west provinces, jin city, yang city, county, and western river and county, and the area is about 10Km 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The target coal bed for coal bed gas development is mountain-western group No. 3 coal bed, the coal quality is high-grade anthracite, the thickness of the coal bed in the research area is 5.5-7.5m, the buried depth is 552-655m, the average 583m, and the gas content of the coal bed is 13-22m 3 And/t. The permeability difference of the Shanxi group No. 3 coal bed in the upper south area is large, and the measured result of the permeability is 0.03-6.5mD. The yield of the coalbed methane vertical well in the zone is 100-5000m 3 And/d, the average single well yield is 1600m 3 D, the difference is larger;
selecting about 1.6km in southwestern region 2 Microseism static monitoring was performed to evaluate the coal bed gas well capacity potential of the study area.
As shown in FIG. 1, the test flow method of the embodiment adopts a distributed high-precision microseismic acquisition station, the sensor is an OMNI 2400-type high-precision sensor manufactured by Geospace Technologies company in the United states, the sensitivity is 52VS/m, the frequency bandwidth is 1-1500Hz, the equipment sampling rate is 1000, and the lowest level-5 earthquake can be monitored.
Under the condition of fully considering the topography and the structural spreading state, the target area is divided into a north part and a south part. According to the principle of diamond station arrangement, 24 stations are arranged on 9 months and 28 days to cover the south area (about 0.95km 2 ) The monitoring time is 9:30-17:30, and 8 hours are accumulated. 21 stations are arranged on day 29 of 9 months to cover the north area (about 0.65 km) 2 ) The monitoring time is 9:30-18:00, and the accumulation time is 8.5 hours; fig. 2 is a typical waveform diagram of the static monitoring acquisition of the upper south block.
And respectively processing and explaining the two monitoring results to obtain 1339 effective microseismic events, wherein: 653 on 9 months 28, 686 on 9 months 29. All 1339 valid microseismic events were source parameter resolved, where: 183 tension cracks, 767 inclined sliding cracks and 389 sliding cracks, and the seismic source scale is between 4 and 47m.
The gas production potential factors calculated based on the coal bed gas production potential factor calculation model are distributed in 0.2-6.2, and the productivity potential of the zone is judged to be between the medium-good zone; and forming a plan distribution diagram of the capacity potential factors of the coal-bed gas well in the research area as shown in figure 3 according to the positioning result of the effective microseism event.
As shown in fig. 4, the highest daily gas yield of the existing 22 coal-bed gas wells in the research area is counted, except for two accident wells with the yield of 0 due to engineering reasons, the gas production potential factor and the highest daily yield of a single well are in a linear correlation relationship, and the correlation coefficient reaches 0.87; therefore, it can be determined that for the coal reservoir, the gas production potential can be effectively evaluated by adopting microseism static monitoring.
The technical scheme of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiment, and all technical modifications made according to the technical scheme of the invention fall within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The method for evaluating the capacity potential of the coal-bed gas well based on microseism static monitoring is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step1, selecting a high-precision four-dimensional three-component microseism monitor;
step2, establishing a microseism monitoring scheme of a research area;
step3, analyzing and processing microseism signals acquired by the high-precision four-dimensional three-component microseism monitor, and explaining key parameters of a target layer, wherein the key parameters comprise the number of cracks, the crack dimensions, the crack geomechanical properties and the crack density;
step4, carrying out weight assignment on the cracks with different properties, and calculating the gas production potential factors of the coal-bed gas well in unit area; the fracture weights f of different properties include weights f of a fracture of tensile properties 1 Weight f of the fracture of the slip property 2 And weight f of the slip property fracture 3 Fracture weights of different nature
The positive stress on different fracture surfaces is determined by the magnitude of the positive stress loaded on the fracture surfaces;
wherein, the calculation formula of the positive stress acting on the crack surface with the sliding property is as follows:
alpha is 15-45 degrees;
the calculation formula of the positive stress acting on the fracture surface with the inclined sliding property is as follows:
alpha is less than 15 degrees;
the calculation formula of the positive stress acting on the fracture surface of the tensile property is as follows:
alpha is less than 15 degrees;
wherein ,
for the positive stress acting on fracture surfaces of different nature, +.>
；σ 1 ，σ 2 Respectively the maximum principal stress and the minimum principal stress in the horizontal direction; alpha is the included angle between the trend of the fracture surface and the horizontal maximum main stress direction; />
Pore pressure at which a fracture of tensile nature forms;
determining weights for a tensile property fracture
1, weight of the slip property crack +.>
The method comprises the following steps: />
；
Weighting of a walk-slip property fracture
The method comprises the following steps: />
；
The method for calculating the gas production potential factor Q of the coal-bed gas well comprises the following steps:
step5, determining the capacity potential of the coal-bed gas well according to the capacity potential factor.
2. The method for evaluating the capacity potential of the coal-bed gas well based on microseism static monitoring according to claim 1, wherein in Step1, the sampling rate of the high-precision four-dimensional three-component microseism monitor is not lower than 1000SPS, the lower limit of the acquired earthquake level is not lower than-3, the bandwidth of the acquired signal is between 1 and 100HZ, and the sensitivity of a detector is not lower than 52VS/m.
3. The method for evaluating capacity potential of a coalbed methane well based on microseism static monitoring according to claim 1, wherein in Step2, core parameters of the investigation region microseism monitoring scheme comprise: the microseism station arrangement mode is a diamond station arrangement mode, the station density is not less than 24 stations/km, and the single-point monitoring time is not less than 8 hours.
4. The method for evaluating the capacity potential of the coalbed methane well based on microseism static monitoring according to claim 1, wherein in Step3, the method for explaining key parameters of a target layer specifically comprises the following steps:
step3.1, a crack number N judgment method: three microseism events which continuously appear in time and are connected into a straight line in space form a crack, and the number of cracks forming an evaluation zone in all cracks in the time is monitored; analyzing the earthquake focus mechanism by utilizing microseism, dividing and counting the quantity of all fracture tension properties M1, inclination and sliding properties M2 and walk and sliding properties M3 of a monitoring area,
；
step3.2, a calculation method of a fracture scale r:
，
wherein: r is the dimension of the crack, and the crack is a crack,
for P-wave velocity, read by log, < +.>
Directly reading on a monitoring curve for the starting and stopping time points of the initial movement half period;
step3.3, crack Density
Is characterized by comprising the following steps: />
The method comprises the following steps: length of the slit per unit area S.
5. The method for evaluating the capacity potential of the coalbed methane well based on microseism static monitoring according to claim 1, wherein in Step5, the coalbed methane well gas production potential P comprises four levels of excellent, good, medium and bad, and the judging method comprises the following steps:
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