CN112987106A - Method for evaluating productivity potential of coal-bed gas well based on microseism static monitoring - Google Patents
Method for evaluating productivity potential of coal-bed gas well based on microseism static monitoring Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for evaluating the productivity potential of a coal-bed gas well based on microseism static monitoring, in particular to the technical field of exploration and development of the coal-bed gas well, which comprises the following steps: step1, selecting a high-precision four-dimensional three-component microseism monitor; step2, establishing a microseismic monitoring scheme of a research area; step3, analyzing and processing microseism signals acquired by the high-precision four-dimensional three-component microseism monitor, and explaining key parameters of a target layer, wherein the key parameters comprise fracture quantity, fracture dimension, fracture geomechanical properties and fracture density; step4, carrying out weight assignment on fractures with different properties, and calculating the gas production potential factor of the coal-bed gas well in unit area; the method has simple operation process and calculation flow, can realize objective evaluation on the productivity potential of the coal-bed gas well before the arrangement of the coal-bed gas well, and provides effective technical support for the optimization of the coal-bed gas dessert area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal-bed gas well exploration and development, in particular to a method for evaluating the productivity potential of a coal-bed gas well based on microseism static monitoring.
Background
China has rich coal bed gas resources, and the amount of shallow resources of 2000m is 30.5 trillion m3. But the exploration and development difficulty is extremely high due to the complex geological conditions. At present, the average single-well yield of 19000 coal-bed gas wells in China is less than 1000m3And the yield difference of a single well is huge, so that the overall development of the coal bed gas industry is slow. The productivity potential evaluation is an essential link for coal bed gas enterprises to conduct commercial development, various productivity potential evaluation methods mainly comprise a numerical simulation method, a history fitting method and the like exist in the industry at present, and a novel gas production potential prediction method based on actual measurement geology is not formed.
The basic ideas of the numerical simulation method and the history fitting method are analogy, and the gas production potential of a research area is deduced through the geological information and the production condition of an adjacent area or an adjacent well. However, coal reservoirs are extremely heterogeneous, resulting in significant anisotropy of reservoir permeability. Therefore, the gas production potential prediction method based on the analogy method has the likelihood or subjectivity to a certain extent, the requirement of commercial development of the coal bed gas is difficult to meet, and the research and development of a novel coal bed gas potential evaluation method becomes the necessary requirement of the healthy development of the coal bed gas industry.
The microseism static monitoring is also called passive source seismic monitoring, and is a geophysical means for describing reservoir fractures under the action of power in the earth. In addition, in recent years, due to the great progress of the micro-seismic source parameter analysis method, the passive source seismic source parameter analysis provides powerful support for reservoir permeability evaluation. In addition, the microseism static monitoring method realizes the monitoring full coverage of a research area, the potential evaluation of a single well is the objective evaluation based on the geological measured data, and the influence of the plausibility and subjectivity of analog methods such as a numerical simulation method, a history fitting method and the like is overcome. Therefore, the microseism static monitoring is a potential effective means for evaluating the productivity potential of the coal-bed gas well.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects, the invention aims to provide the method for evaluating the productivity potential of the coal-bed gas well based on the microseism static monitoring, which is simple to operate and reliable in result.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is implemented according to the following technical scheme:
a method for evaluating the productivity potential of a coal-bed gas well based on microseism static monitoring comprises the following steps:
step1, selecting a high-precision four-dimensional three-component microseism monitor;
step2, establishing a microseismic monitoring scheme of a research area;
step3, analyzing and processing microseism signals acquired by the high-precision four-dimensional three-component microseism monitor, and explaining key parameters of a target layer, wherein the key parameters comprise fracture quantity, fracture dimension, fracture geomechanical properties and fracture density;
step4, carrying out weight assignment on fractures with different properties, and calculating the gas production potential factor of the coal-bed gas well in unit area;
step5, determining the productivity potential of the coal-bed gas well according to the productivity potential factor;
specifically, in Step1, the sampling rate of the high-precision four-dimensional three-component micro-seismic monitor is not lower than 1000SPS, the lower limit of the collectable seismic level is not lower than-3 level, the frequency bandwidth of the collectable signal is 1-100HZ, and the sensitivity of the detector is not lower than 52 VS/m;
specifically, in Step2, the core parameters of the microseism monitoring scheme in the research area include: the micro-seismic station arrangement mode is a diamond station arrangement mode, and the station density is not less than 24 stations/km2The single-point monitoring time is not less than 8 h;
specifically, in Step3, the method for explaining the key parameters of the target layer specifically includes the following steps:
step3.1, identification method of crack number (N): three microseism events which continuously appear in time and can be connected into a straight line in space form a crack, and the number of cracks with an evaluation area is formed by all cracks in monitoring time; analysis of seismic source mechanisms using microseisms, according to the patentA method (ZL201310002751.2) for seismic source mechanism analysis by using microseism is realized by dividing and counting the number of all fracture tension properties (M1), slip properties (M2) and walk slip properties (M3) in a monitoring area, wherein N is M1+M2+M3；
Step3.2, method for calculating the fracture dimension (r):
wherein: r is the fissure dimension, vpFor P-wave velocity, read by log, t2、t1Directly reading the starting and stopping time points of the initial motion half period on a monitoring curve;
step3.3, identification method of fracture density (rho):
specifically, in Step4, the fracture weight (f) of different properties comprises the weight (f) of a fracture with tensile properties1) Weight of slip property fracture (f)2) And weight of the slip property fracture (f)3) The fracture weight (f) of different properties is determined by the magnitude of the positive stress loaded on the fracture surface, and the positive stresses acting on different fracture surfaces are different;
wherein, the calculation formula of the normal stress acting on the sliding property crack surface is as follows:
the formula for calculating the normal stress acting on the slip property fracture surface is:
the formula for the calculation of the positive stress acting on the tensile property fracture surface is:
wherein ,σniFor positive stress acting on crack surfaces with different properties, i is { sliding, inclining, and tensioning }; sigma1，σ2Respectively the maximum principal stress and the minimum principal stress in the horizontal direction; alpha is the included angle between the trend of the crack surface and the direction of the horizontal maximum main stress; p0Pore pressure at which a tensile property fracture is formed.
Determining a weight (f) of a fracture of a tensile property1) 1, weight of slip property crack (f)2) Then it is:
weight of slip property fracture (f)3) Then it is:
through the solution of the three equations, the contribution weight of the three fractures to the permeability can be determined.
It should be noted that the weight ratio of the fracture contribution to the permeability is not strictly determined data, and is related to the stress environment of the research area, and the verification of the working experience and the field data is required;
specifically, in Step4, the method for calculating the gas production potential factor Q of the coal-bed gas well comprises the following steps:
in Step5, the gas production potential (P) of the coal-bed gas well comprises four grades of excellent, good, medium and poor, and the judgment method comprises the following steps:
the potential grade of the productivity of the coal-bed gas well is divided into four grades of good medium and poor quality according to the highest daily yield of a single well of the coal-bed gas well, and the grade division principle is based on the understanding of the current coal-bed gas industry on commercial production;
in the existing dividing method, when the potential factor is lower than 0.5, the gas is difficult to produce in a coal-bed gas well, and the gas belongs to a poor grade;
when the potential factor is between 0.5 and 2, the highest daily yield of a single well of the coal-bed gas well is not higher than 1000m3D, such areas have development value;
when the potential factor is between 2 and 10, the highest daily yield of a single well of the coal-bed gas well is generally 1000-3The coal bed gas development in the areas has better development value;
when the potential factor is more than 10, the maximum daily yield of the coal bed gas single well is generally more than 5000m3And d, the optimal sweet spot area for the coal bed gas development and the area which is preferably selected for the coal bed gas development.
Compared with the prior art, the method for evaluating the productivity potential of the coal-bed gas well based on the microseism static monitoring has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a coal bed gas productivity potential evaluation method based on microseism static monitoring, and the calculation model based on the crack density, the crack geomechanical property and the weight proportion provides possibility for objective evaluation of the coal bed gas productivity potential and obtains ideal effect in practical application.
The method of the invention is used for about 1.6km in Shanxi Jincheng area2The method has the advantages that the linear relation between the test result and the highest daily output of the 22 coal-bed gas wells in the area is good, the correlation coefficient is as high as 0.87, the application effect is good, the operation process and the calculation flow are simple, the objective evaluation on the productivity potential of the coal-bed gas wells can be realized before the coal-bed gas wells are arranged, and effective technical support is provided for the optimization of the coal-bed gas dessert area.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a block flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a typical waveform diagram collected by the southern superior block static monitoring in the present embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the productivity potential factor distribution of the coal seam gas well in the upper southern district of the present embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating the relationship between the productivity potential factor of the southern topsides block and the maximum daily production of a single well according to the present embodiment.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, which are illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In this embodiment, the selection of the county temple in the south of the great ningjing field at the east side of the fault, the administrative region of the western river county in Yangcheng county of Shanxi province, the division of the county of Shanxi province, and the area of the county of the Yangcheng city is about 10Km2(ii) a The target coal seam for coal seam gas development is a No. 3 coal seam of Shanxi group, the coal quality is high-grade anthracite, the thickness of the coal seam in the research area is 5.5-7.5m, the burial depth is 552-655m, the average is 583m, and the gas content of the coal seam is 13-22m3T is calculated. The permeability difference of the No. 3 coal seam of the Shanxi group of the southern upper region is large, and the actual measurement result of the permeability is 0.03-6.5 mD. The yield of the coal bed gas vertical well in the region is 100-3D, average single well production 1600m3D, the difference is large;
selecting about 1.6km in the southwest of the southern upper region2And performing microseism static monitoring to evaluate the productivity potential of the coal-bed gas well in the research area.
As shown in fig. 1, in the test flow method of this embodiment, a distributed high-precision microseismic acquisition station is adopted in this embodiment, the sensor is an OMNI2400 type high-precision sensor manufactured by Geospace Technologies, usa, the sensitivity is 52VS/m, the frequency bandwidth is 1-1500Hz, the sampling rate of the device is 1000, and a-5-level earthquake can be monitored at the lowest.
Under the condition of fully considering the terrain and the structural spreading state, the target area is divided into a south part and a north part. According to the diamond station distribution principle, 24 stations are distributed in 28 days in 9 months to cover the south area (about 0.95 km)2) The monitoring time is 9:30-17:30, and the total time is 8 hours. Day 9 and 29, 21 stations were placed covering the north region (about 0.65 km)2) The monitoring time is 9:30-18:00, and the accumulation time is 8.5 hours; fig. 2 is a typical waveform diagram collected by the upper south block static monitoring.
And respectively processing and explaining the two monitoring results to obtain 1339 effective microseismic events, wherein: 653 days 28 and 29 in 9 months, and 686 in 9 months and 29 days. All 1339 valid microseismic events were source parameter resolved, where: 183 tensile type fractures, 767 inclined sliding type fractures and 389 walking sliding type fractures, wherein the seismic source size is 4-47 m.
Gas production potential factors calculated based on the coal bed gas production potential factor calculation model are distributed in the range of 0.2-6.2, and the productivity potential of the area is judged to be in a medium-good area; and forming a planar distribution diagram of the productivity potential factor of the coal-bed gas well in the research area as shown in figure 3 according to the positioning result of the effective microseismic event.
As shown in fig. 4, the highest daily gas production of 22 existing coal-bed gas wells in the research area is counted, except for two accident wells with the yield of 0 caused by engineering reasons, the gas production potential factor and the highest daily yield of a single well are in a linear correlation relationship, and the correlation coefficient reaches 0.87; therefore, the gas production potential of the coal reservoir can be effectively evaluated by adopting microseism static monitoring.
The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the limitations of the above specific embodiments, and all technical modifications made according to the technical solution of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for evaluating the productivity potential of a coal-bed gas well based on microseism static monitoring is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step1, selecting a high-precision four-dimensional three-component microseism monitor;
step2, establishing a microseismic monitoring scheme of a research area;
step3, analyzing and processing microseism signals acquired by the high-precision four-dimensional three-component microseism monitor, and explaining key parameters of a target layer, wherein the key parameters comprise fracture quantity, fracture dimension, fracture geomechanical properties and fracture density;
step4, carrying out weight assignment on fractures with different properties, and calculating the gas production potential factor of the coal-bed gas well in unit area;
and Step5, determining the productivity potential of the coal-bed gas well according to the productivity potential factor.
2. The method for evaluating the productivity potential of the coal-bed gas well based on the microseismic static monitoring as claimed in claim 1, wherein in Step1, the sampling rate of the high-precision four-dimensional three-component microseismic monitor is not lower than 1000SPS, the lower limit of the collectable seismic level is not lower than-3 level, the frequency bandwidth of the collectable signal is between 1 HZ and 100HZ, and the sensitivity of the detector is not lower than 52 VS/m.
3. The method for evaluating the productivity potential of the coal-bed gas well based on the microseismic static monitoring is characterized in that in Step2, the core parameters of the microseismic monitoring scheme of the research area comprise: the micro-seismic station arrangement mode is a diamond station arrangement mode, and the station density is not less than 24 stations/km2And the single-point monitoring time is not less than 8 h.
4. The method for evaluating the productivity potential of the coal-bed gas well based on the microseism static monitoring as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Step3 specifically comprises the following steps of:
step3.1, identification method of crack number (N): three microseism events which continuously appear in time and can be connected into a straight line in space form a crack, and the number of cracks with an evaluation area is formed by all cracks in monitoring time; benefit toPerforming seismic source mechanism analysis by using the microseism, dividing and counting the number of all fracture tensile properties (M1), slip properties (M2) and walking slip properties (M3) in a monitoring area, wherein N is M1+M2+M3；
Step3.2, method for calculating the fracture dimension (r):
wherein: r is the fissure dimension, vpFor P-wave velocity, read by log, t2、t1Directly reading the starting and stopping time points of the initial motion half period on a monitoring curve;
step3.3, identification method of fracture density (rho):
5. The method for evaluating the productivity potential of the coal-bed gas well based on the microseism static monitoring as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in Step4, the fracture weight (f) with different properties comprises the weight (f) of a fracture with a tensile property1) Weight of slip property fracture (f)2) And weight of the slip property fracture (f)3) The fracture weight (f) of different properties is determined by the magnitude of the positive stress loaded on the fracture surface, and the positive stresses acting on different fracture surfaces are different;
wherein, the calculation formula of the normal stress acting on the sliding property crack surface is as follows:
the formula for calculating the normal stress acting on the slip property fracture surface is:
the formula for the calculation of the positive stress acting on the tensile property fracture surface is:
wherein ,σniFor positive stress acting on crack surfaces with different properties, i is { sliding, inclining, and tensioning }; sigma1，σ2Respectively the maximum principal stress and the minimum principal stress in the horizontal direction; alpha is the included angle between the trend of the crack surface and the direction of the horizontal maximum main stress; p0Pore pressure at which a tensile property fracture is formed.
Determining a weight (f) of a fracture of a tensile property1) 1, weight of slip property crack (f)2) Then it is:
weight of slip property fracture (f)3) Then it is:
6. the method for evaluating the productivity potential of the coal-bed gas well based on the microseism static monitoring as claimed in claim 5, wherein in Step4, the method for calculating the gas production potential factor Q of the coal-bed gas well comprises the following steps:
7. the method for evaluating the productivity potential of the coal-bed gas well based on the microseism static monitoring as claimed in claim 6, wherein in Step5, the gas production potential (P) of the coal-bed gas well comprises four grades of excellent, good, medium and poor, and the judgment method comprises the following steps:
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