CN112985887B - Extraterrestrial celestial body sampling and detecting tool - Google Patents
Extraterrestrial celestial body sampling and detecting tool Download PDFInfo
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- CN112985887B CN112985887B CN202110206580.XA CN202110206580A CN112985887B CN 112985887 B CN112985887 B CN 112985887B CN 202110206580 A CN202110206580 A CN 202110206580A CN 112985887 B CN112985887 B CN 112985887B
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- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 164
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 81
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 230000010365 information processing Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
- G01N1/08—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting involving an extracting tool, e.g. core bit
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3563—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing solids; Preparation of samples therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
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- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an extraterrestrial celestial body sampling and detecting tool, which comprises: the sampling device comprises a screw rod transmission part, a tool apron and a sampling tool; an output shaft of the driving component A is in flat key connection with a screw rod transmission piece, and the screw rod transmission piece penetrates through a through hole in the center of the driving component B and is fixedly connected with the drill bit component; an output shaft of the driving assembly B is in flat key connection with the sampling knife transmission assembly A, the sampling knife transmission assembly A is in spline connection with the sampling knife transmission assembly B, and the sampling knife transmission assembly B and more than two sampling knives form a screw pair respectively; the shell and the screw transmission piece are coaxially arranged, the rear end of the shell is opened and is fixed on the driving component B, more than two tool apron guide grooves are arranged at the front end of the shell, and a sample chamber packaging head is arranged on the shell at the rear end of each tool apron guide groove; the tool apron is coaxially sleeved on the screw transmission member, one end of the tool apron and the screw transmission member form a screw nut pair, the other end of the tool apron corresponds to the sampling tool and is provided with more than two sample chambers, the tool apron is coaxially sleeved on the sampling tool transmission assembly B, and the sampling tool groove is arranged in the middle of the tool apron and inclines backwards.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of deep space exploration, in particular to an extraterrestrial celestial body sampling and exploring tool.
Background
At present, two main sampling modes for extraterrestrial celestial bodies are available: superficial sampling and deep sampling. The target object of shallow surface sampling is a surface loose distribution layer sample of the extraterrestrial celestial body, and the deep sampling is to collect geological samples below the surface loose layer. Compared with shallow surface layer sampling, deep layer sampling can obtain not only deep layer geological samples, but also richer and more real scientific detection data such as geological texture of a detection area, occurrence form of special substances, bedding distribution and the like, but deep layer sampling technology difficulty is high, and the requirement on a detector platform is high.
The natural holes of the extraterrestrial celestial bodies are less influenced by the environments such as illumination, micrometallite impact, space irradiation and the like, geological stratification information and special substance occurrence information can be stored, and the method has high scientific detection value. Compared with deep sampling, sampling and detection of natural holes in the extraterrestrial and celestial regions can achieve similar scientific targets and avoid the defects of high difficulty of deep sampling technology and high requirement on a detector platform.
In conclusion, a brand new sampling and detecting tool for the natural holes of the extraterrestrial celestial bodies needs to be developed and developed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides an extraterrestrial celestial body sampling and detecting tool, which is suitable for extraterrestrial celestial body natural or artificial pore sampling and in-situ detection, and can overcome the defects that the scientific value of the surface layer sampling and sample collecting is lower than that of a deep layer sample at present, and the defects of long sampling time, large support reaction force, large sample force thermal disturbance and the like of deep layer sampling by taking rotary drilling as a technical approach.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an extraterrestrial celestial body sampling probe tool, comprising: the sampling device comprises a driving component A, a driving component B, a screw transmission part, a shell, a tool apron and a sampling tool; an output shaft of the driving component A is connected with one end of a screw rod transmission piece in a flat key mode, and the other end of the screw rod transmission piece penetrates through a through hole in the center of the driving component B and is fixedly connected with the drill bit component; an output shaft of the driving assembly B is in flat key connection with one end of the sampling knife transmission assembly A, the other end of the sampling knife transmission assembly A is in spline connection with one end of the sampling knife transmission assembly B, and the other end of the sampling knife transmission assembly B and more than two sampling knives form a screw pair respectively; wherein each sampling knife corresponds to one sampling knife groove;
the shell and the screw transmission part are coaxially arranged, the rear end of the shell is opened and is fixed on the shell of the driving component B, more than two cutter holder guide grooves are formed in the middle front end of the shell and correspond to the sampling cutter groove, and a sample chamber packaging head is arranged on the shell corresponding to the rear end of each cutter holder guide groove; the tool apron is coaxially sleeved on the screw transmission member, one end of the tool apron and the screw transmission member form a screw nut pair, the other end of the tool apron and the screw transmission member correspond to more than two sample chambers, the tool apron is coaxially sleeved on the sampling tool transmission assembly B, and the sampling tool groove is arranged in the middle of the tool apron and inclines backwards; wherein the sample chamber is open.
Preferably, the opening direction of the sample chamber is perpendicular to the axial direction of the screw drive.
Preferably, the centers of the sampling knife transmission assembly A and the sampling knife transmission assembly B are both provided with through holes, and the sampling knife transmission assembly A and the sampling knife transmission assembly B are coaxially sleeved on the screw rod transmission member.
Preferably, an infrared spectrum detection sensor is mounted on the outer circumferential surface of the front end of the shell and is used for performing spectrum detection on the substances in the sampling detection area.
Preferably, the infrared spectrum detection sensor is provided with: the infrared light emitting component emits infrared light, the infrared light receiving component receives reflected light of the infrared light emitting component, and spectrum detection data are obtained according to changes of spectral characteristics of the infrared light emitting component and the infrared light receiving component.
Preferably, a pyroelectric physical property detection sensor array is mounted on the outer circumferential surface of the front end of the shell and used for detecting pyroelectric physical parameters of substances in the sampling detection area.
Preferably, the rear end of the housing of the driving assembly a is connected with a control and information processing unit, the control and information processing unit is electrically connected with the driving assembly a and the driving assembly B respectively, and meanwhile, the control and information processing unit can receive detection data sent by the infrared spectrum detection sensor and the pyroelectric property detection sensor in a wireless mode.
Has the advantages that:
1. on one hand, the sampling detection tool provided by the invention can collect and package samples on the side wall of the sampling channel, the collection process is completely finished by the internal force of a machine, and the disturbance to the external force is small; on the other hand, the sampling process adopts a low-speed cutting mode, compared with the traditional drilling sampling mode, the thermal disturbance to the acquisition area is small, the volatilization of sample substances can be effectively avoided, and a high-fidelity sample is easy to obtain; meanwhile, the sampling detection tool has the capability of carrying out in-situ detection on the physical properties of lunar soil with a specified depth, and can realize the integrated design of sampling and detection.
2. The specific design of the opening direction of the sample chamber in the sampling detection tool provided by the invention is beneficial to accurately collecting the sample scraped by the sampling knife.
3. The sampling detection tool provided by the invention can automatically drive the sampling knife to realize scraping sampling of the side wall of the hole under the control of the control and information processing unit, and the acquired trace sample can be temporarily packaged in a sample chamber carried by the sampling detection tool, so that the sample is convenient to transfer.
4. The infrared spectrum detection sensor and the pyroelectric property detection sensor array which are arranged on the sampling detection tool can realize the spectrum and pyroelectric property detection of the hole, and the detection data is sent to the detection system in a wireless mode.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a sectional view of an extraterrestrial celestial body sampling probe tool according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic partial structural view of an extraterrestrial celestial body sampling and detecting tool according to the present invention.
The device comprises a driving component A, a driving component B, a driving component 3, a screw transmission component, a shell, a sample chamber packaging head, a tool apron guide groove, a sampling tool transmission component A, a sampling tool transmission component B, a screw pair, a tool apron, a sampling chamber, a sampling tool groove, a screw nut pair, a sampling tool, a infrared spectrum detection sensor, a infrared light emitting component, a infrared light receiving component, a thermoelectric property detection sensor array, a drill bit component, a control and information processing unit and a control and information processing unit, wherein the driving component A, the driving component B, the screw transmission component A, the sampling tool transmission component B, 6-1, the screw pair, the tool apron, the 7-1, the sample chamber, the sampling tool groove, the infrared light emitting component B, the screw nut pair, 8, the sampling tool, the infrared light receiving component 10, the thermoelectric property detection sensor array, the drill bit component, the control and the information processing unit.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment provides an extraterrestrial celestial body sampling and detecting tool, which is suitable for extraterrestrial celestial body natural or artificial pore sampling and in-situ detection, can overcome the defect that the scientific value of a surface layer sampling and collecting sample is lower than that of a deep layer sample at present, and can overcome the defects of long sampling time, large support reaction force, large force thermal disturbance on the sample and the like faced by deep layer sampling taking rotary drilling as a technical approach.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the sampling probe tool includes: the device comprises a driving component A1, a driving component B2, a lead screw transmission component 3, a shell 4, a sample chamber packaging head 4-1, a cutter holder guide groove 4-2, a sampling cutter transmission component A5, a sampling cutter transmission component B6, a cutter holder 7, a sample chamber 7-1, a sampling cutter groove 7-2, a sampling cutter 8, an infrared spectrum detection sensor 9, a thermoelectric property detection sensor array 10, a drill bit component 11 and a control and information processing unit 12;
the connection relation of the sampling detection tool is as follows: an output shaft of the driving assembly A1 is in flat key connection with one end of the screw transmission piece 3, and the driving assembly A1 acts to drive the screw transmission piece 3 to rotate; the other end of the screw transmission piece 3 penetrates through a through hole formed in the center of the driving component B2 and is fixedly connected with the drill bit component 11, so that the screw transmission piece 3 rotates to drive the drill bit component 11 to rotate along with the screw transmission piece; wherein, the end of the drill bit assembly 11 is a front end, the end of the driving assembly A1 is a rear end, and the front end of the casing of the driving assembly A1 and the rear end of the casing of the driving assembly B2 are fixedly connected into a whole;
an output shaft of the driving assembly B2 is in flat key connection with one end of the sampling knife transmission assembly A5, the other end of the sampling knife transmission assembly A5 is in spline connection with one end of the sampling knife transmission assembly B6, and the other end of the sampling knife transmission assembly B6 and the three sampling knives 8 form a screw pair 6-1 respectively; the driving component B2 can drive the sampling knife driving component A5 to rotate, the sampling knife driving component A5 can drive the sampling knife driving component B6 to rotate, and the sampling knife driving component B6 rotates positively and negatively to drive the sampling knife 8 to do linear reciprocating motion along the sampling knife groove 7-2; each sampling knife 8 is correspondingly arranged in one sampling knife groove 7-2, the centers of the sampling knife transmission assembly A5 and the sampling knife transmission assembly B6 are both provided with a through hole, and the sampling knife transmission assemblies A5 and B6 are coaxially sleeved on the screw rod transmission member 3;
the shell 4 is a cylindrical barrel-shaped structure, the front end of the shell is a solid cylinder, the rear end of the shell is open and provided with a shaft space and is fixed at the front end of the shell of the driving component B2, the middle front end of the shell 4 is uniformly provided with three tool apron guide grooves 4-2 along the circumferential direction, each tool apron guide groove 4-2 is communicated with the inner cavity of the shell 4, and a sample chamber encapsulation head 4-1 is arranged on the shell 4 corresponding to the rear end of each tool apron guide groove 4-2;
the cutter holder 7 is coaxially sleeved on the screw transmission piece 3, one end of the cutter holder and the screw transmission piece 3 form a screw nut pair 7-3, the other end of the cutter holder is provided with a sample chamber 7-1, the cutter holder is coaxially sleeved on the sampling cutter transmission component B6, and the three sampling cutter grooves 7-2 are uniformly arranged in the middle of the cutter holder 7 along the circumferential direction and incline backwards; the forward and backward rotation of the screw rod transmission member 3 can drive the tool apron 7 to do linear reciprocating motion along the tool apron guide groove 4-2 on the shell 4, so as to synchronously drive the sample chamber 7-1, the sampling tool groove 7-2 and the sampling tool 8 arranged in the sampling tool groove 7-2 to do linear reciprocating motion along the tool apron guide groove 4-2, and synchronously drive the sampling tool transmission component B6 to do linear reciprocating motion relative to the sampling tool transmission component A5; when the tool holder 7 is moved backward along the holder guide groove 4-2 of the housing 4 to the position of the sample chamber sealing head 4-1, the sample chamber sealing head 4-1 seals the opening of the sample chamber 7-1.
In this embodiment, an infrared spectrum detection sensor 9 and a pyroelectric property detection sensor array 10 are installed on the outer circumferential surface of the front end of the shell 4, the infrared spectrum detection sensor 9 can perform spectrum detection on substances in a sampling detection area, and the pyroelectric property detection sensor array 10 can perform detection on pyroelectric physical parameters of the substances in the sampling detection area; wherein, the infrared spectrum detection sensor 9 is provided with: the infrared light emitting component 9-1 emits infrared light, the infrared light receiving component 9-2 receives reflected light of the infrared light emitting component 9-1, and spectrum detection data are obtained according to changes of spectral characteristics of the infrared light emitting component 9-1 and the infrared light receiving component 9-2; the pyroelectric property detection sensor array 10 is composed of one or more pyroelectric property sensing units.
In this embodiment, the rear end of the housing of the driving module a1 is connected to the control and information processing unit 12, and the control and information processing unit 12 is electrically connected to the driving module a1 and the driving module B2, respectively, and can control the movement of the driving module a1 and the driving module B2; meanwhile, the detection data transmitted from the infrared spectrum detection sensor 9 and the pyroelectric property detection sensor array 10 can be received wirelessly.
When the sampling detection tool is used, the sampling detection tool is powered on, and the control and information processing unit 12 controls the driving assembly A1 and the driving assembly B2 to move so as to reset the sampling detection tool; the state of the sampling detection tool after reset is as follows: the cutter holder 7 is positioned at the front end of the cutter holder guide groove 4-2 (close to the drill bit component 11), and the sampling cutter 8 is completely retracted into the sampling cutter groove 7-2; the sampling detection tool can be used as a tail end execution tool of an extraterrestrial celestial body sampling detection mechanical arm or other sampling systems, and the mechanical arm or the sampling system assists in entering the extraterrestrial celestial body hole, so that trace sample collection and packaging can be realized on the side walls of the extraterrestrial celestial body natural hole and the artificial hole, and in-situ detection of hole samples can be synchronously realized;
in the process that the sampling detection tool enters the extraterrestrial celestial body hole, the control and information processing unit 12 controls the driving assembly A1 to move, the rotation of the driving assembly A1 is transmitted to the drill bit assembly 11 through the screw transmission piece 3, the drill bit assembly 11 is driven to rotate, and the drill bit assembly 11 clears the substances protruding in the hole, so that the tool can smoothly enter the hole;
after the sampling detection tool reaches a preset sampling depth, the control and information processing unit 12 controls the driving assembly B2 to move, the rotation of the driving assembly B2 is transmitted to the three sampling knives 8 uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the knife block 7 through the sampling knife transmission assembly A5 and the sampling knife transmission assembly B6, and the three sampling knives 8 are driven to extend out of the corresponding sampling knife grooves 7-2 (the three sampling knife grooves 7-2 are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the knife block 7) and are inserted into the side wall of the hole; after the three sampling knives 8 move to the right position, the driving assembly B2 stops moving;
the control and information processing unit 12 controls the driving component A1 to move, the rotary motion of the driving component A1 is transmitted to the tool apron 7 through the screw rod transmission piece 3, the tool apron 7 and the sampling tool 8 installed on the tool apron 7 are driven to do linear motion to the rear end (close to the direction of the control and information processing unit 12) of the tool apron guide groove 4-2 along the tool apron guide groove 4-2 on the shell component 4, the sampling tool 8 scrapes and samples the hole side wall in the moving process, and the collected sample falls into the sample chamber 7-1 (preferably, the opening direction of the sample chamber 7-1 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the screw rod transmission piece 3); when the tool apron 7 moves backwards to the right position, the driving component A1 stops moving, and the sample chamber packaging head 4-1 synchronously completes the sealing of the opening of the sample chamber 7-1 to prevent the sample from spilling;
in the sampling process, an infrared spectrum detection sensor 9 arranged at the front end of a sampling detection tool detects the components of substances on the side wall of the hole by adopting a spectrum detection technology, and a thermoelectric property detection sensor array 10 arranged at the front end of the sampling detection tool detects thermoelectric property parameters on the side wall of the hole; the detection data obtained by the infrared spectrum detection sensor 9 and the pyroelectric property detection sensor array 10 are sent to the control and information processing unit 12 in a wireless mode for processing;
after the sampling detection is finished, the sampling detection tool is used as a tail end execution tool of the mechanical arm or the sampling system, and is withdrawn from the extraterrestrial celestial body hole under the assistance of the sampling mechanical arm or the sampling system.
In summary, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An extraterrestrial celestial body sampling probe tool, comprising: the device comprises a driving component A (1), a driving component B (2), a screw transmission piece (3), a shell (4), a tool apron (7) and a sampling tool (8); an output shaft of the driving component A (1) is in flat key connection with one end of the screw rod transmission component (3), and the other end of the screw rod transmission component (3) penetrates through a through hole in the center of the driving component B (2) and is fixedly connected with the drill bit component (11); an output shaft of the driving component B (2) is in flat key connection with one end of the sampling knife transmission component A (5), the other end of the sampling knife transmission component A (5) is in spline connection with one end of the sampling knife transmission component B (6), and the other end of the sampling knife transmission component B (6) and more than two sampling knives (8) form a spiral pair (6-1) respectively; wherein each sampling knife (8) corresponds to one sampling knife groove (7-2);
the shell (4) and the screw transmission part (3) are coaxially arranged, the rear end of the shell is opened and fixed on the shell of the driving component B (2), more than two cutter holder guide grooves (4-2) are formed in the middle front end of the shell (4) and the sampling cutter groove (7-2) correspondingly, and a sample chamber packaging head (4-1) is arranged on the shell (4) corresponding to the rear end of each cutter holder guide groove (4-2); the tool apron (7) is coaxially sleeved on the screw transmission member (3), one end of the tool apron and the screw transmission member (3) form a screw nut pair (7-3), the other end of the tool apron and the sampling tool (8) are correspondingly provided with more than two sample chambers (7-1) and coaxially sleeved on the sampling tool transmission component B (6), and the sampling tool groove (7-2) is arranged in the middle of the tool apron (7) and inclines backwards; wherein the sample chamber (7-1) is open.
2. Extraterrestrial celestial sampling probe tool according to claim 1, wherein the sample chamber (7-1) is open in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the screw drive member (3).
3. The extraterrestrial celestial body sampling and detecting tool of claim 1, wherein the centers of the sampling knife driving assembly a (5) and the sampling knife driving assembly B (6) are provided with through holes, and the sampling knife driving assembly a and the sampling knife driving assembly B are coaxially sleeved on the screw rod driving member (3).
4. A tool for extraterrestrial and celestial sampling and detection according to claim 1, wherein an infrared spectrum detection sensor (9) is installed on the outer circumferential surface of the front end of the housing (4) to perform spectrum detection of the substance in the sampling detection region.
5. Extraterrestrial celestial body sampling detection tool as claimed in claim 4, wherein said infrared spectrum detection sensor (9) is provided with: the infrared light emitting component (9-1) emits infrared light, the infrared light receiving component (9-2) receives reflected light of the infrared light emitting component (9-1), and spectrum detection data are obtained according to changes of spectral characteristics of the infrared light emitting component (9-1) and the infrared light receiving component (9-2).
6. A tool for extraterrestrial celestial body sampling and detection as claimed in claim 4, wherein the housing (4) has a pyroelectric property detection sensor array (10) mounted on its front outer circumferential surface for detecting pyroelectric physical properties of a substance in a sampling detection region.
7. The extraterrestrial celestial body sampling and detecting tool according to claim 6, wherein a control and information processing unit (12) is connected to a rear end of the housing of the driving assembly A (1), the control and information processing unit (12) is electrically connected to the driving assembly A (1) and the driving assembly B (2), respectively, and is capable of wirelessly receiving detection data transmitted by the infrared spectrum detection sensor (9) and the pyroelectric detection sensor array (10).
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2021
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铲挖式表层月壤采样器设计与试验;姜水清 等;《中国空间科学技术》;20181120;第39卷(第1期);第49-58页 * |
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