CN112985057A - Device and method for smelting metal by thermal reduction method - Google Patents

Device and method for smelting metal by thermal reduction method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112985057A
CN112985057A CN202110309032.XA CN202110309032A CN112985057A CN 112985057 A CN112985057 A CN 112985057A CN 202110309032 A CN202110309032 A CN 202110309032A CN 112985057 A CN112985057 A CN 112985057A
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China
Prior art keywords
tail gas
metal
smelting furnace
mineral powder
smelting
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Pending
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CN202110309032.XA
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
许俊
邹忠平
王刚
赵运建
牛群
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CISDI Engineering Co Ltd
CISDI Technology Research Center Co Ltd
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CISDI Engineering Co Ltd
CISDI Technology Research Center Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202110309032.XA priority Critical patent/CN112985057A/en
Publication of CN112985057A publication Critical patent/CN112985057A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/0006—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/0073—Selection or treatment of the reducing gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
    • C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/0806—Charging or discharging devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/14—Arrangements of heating devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
    • F27D17/004—Systems for reclaiming waste heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
    • F27D17/008—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases cleaning gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/16—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a device and a method for smelting metal by a thermal reduction method, belonging to the technical field of metal smelting. The invention provides a device and a method for smelting metal by a thermal reduction method, wherein the device comprises a smelting furnace 1, a heating device 2, a mineral powder blowing device 3, a reducing agent blowing device 4, a slagging agent blowing device 5, a metal discharging device 6 and a tail gas guiding device 7, the device can directly spray mineral powder and a reducing agent into the smelting furnace, the mineral powder and the reducing agent are rapidly heated to a reduction temperature in the furnace, the reducing agent is fully contacted with the mineral powder to generate a reduction reaction, and the reduced metal and slag fall into a furnace bottom for layering and are discharged out of the furnace at regular time. When the device is used for smelting metal by a thermal reduction method, the process energy consumption can be reduced, the contact area of a reducing agent and mineral powder can be increased, the dynamic conditions of the reduction reaction are greatly improved, the metal is rapidly reduced, and the efficiency of the reduction reaction is improved.

Description

Device and method for smelting metal by thermal reduction method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal smelting, and relates to a device and a method for smelting metal by a thermal reduction method.
Background
Metals exist in the form of oxides in nature, and there are three main methods for smelting metals: an electrolytic method, a thermal reduction method, and a thermal decomposition method, wherein the electrolytic method is a process of causing redox reactions on a cathode and an anode by passing a current through an electrolyte solution or a molten electrolyte (electrolyte), and an electrochemical cell can generate an electrolytic process when a direct current voltage is applied to the electrochemical cell, such as metals K, Ca, Na, Mg, Al, and the electrolytic method has a high cost and is suitable for active metals; the thermal decomposition method is used for preparing pure metal by heating metal oxide, iodide, carbonyl compound and the like to decompose the metal oxide, the iodide, the carbonyl compound and the like, and is generally suitable for extracting inactive metal simple substances such as Hg, Ag and the like; the thermal reduction method is characterized in that metal is reduced from a compound thereof by using a reducing agent with strong thermal reduction property, belongs to an oxidation-reduction reaction, complies with the conservation of electrons, and is generally suitable for smelting Zn, Fe, Sn, Pb and Cu metals.
Because in the traditional process engineering (such as iron making) of smelting metal by a thermal reduction method, ore powder needs to be pelletized or sintered, and the sintered ore and pellet ore are cooled and then put into a blast furnace for reduction, the process has two defects: firstly, a large amount of energy is consumed for pelletizing and sintering; ② the dynamic condition of the contact area reaction of the agglomerate and the pellet with the reducing agent is poor.
Therefore, in order to reduce the process energy consumption, increase the contact area between the reducing agent and the ore powder, greatly improve the dynamic conditions of the reduction reaction, rapidly reduce the metal, and improve the efficiency of the reduction reaction, further research on the process for smelting the metal by the thermal reduction method is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for smelting metal by a thermal reduction method; the second purpose of the invention is to provide a method for smelting metal by a thermal reduction method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
1. a device for smelting metal by a thermal reduction method comprises a smelting furnace 1, a heating device 2, a mineral powder injection device 3, a reducing agent injection device 4, a slagging agent injection device 5, a metal discharge device 6 and a tail gas lead-out device 7;
the heating device 2, the mineral powder blowing device 3 and the reducing agent blowing device 4 are arranged at the upper part of the smelting furnace 1;
the slagging agent injection device 5, the metal discharge device 6 and the tail gas leading-out device 7 are arranged at the lower part of the smelting furnace 1.
Preferably, the ore powder injection devices 3 are arranged in the circumferential direction of the smelting furnace 1 in an amount of 1 or more.
Preferably, the reducing agent injection devices 4 are arranged 1 or more in the circumferential direction of the smelting furnace 1.
Preferably, the slag former injection devices 5 are arranged in the circumferential direction of the smelting furnace 1 in an amount of 1 or more.
Preferably, the device also comprises a tail gas dust removal device 7 and a tail gas heat recovery device 8.
Further preferably, the lower part of the smelting furnace 1 is connected with a tail gas dust removal device 10 and a tail gas heat recovery device 8 in sequence through a tail gas guiding device 7.
Further preferably, the smelting furnace 1 further comprises a partition 9 arranged in the middle.
2. The method for smelting metal by the thermal reduction method is carried out by adopting the device, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) at the upper part of the smelting furnace 1, mineral powder in a mineral powder tank is blown into the smelting furnace 1 through a mineral powder blowing device 3 to react with a reducing agent blown in by a reducing agent blowing device 4 under the heating state of a heating device 2, and the mineral powder enters the lower part of the smelting furnace 1 after the reaction is finished;
(2) the metal formed by the reaction in the step (1) is discharged from the metal discharge device 6, and the formed impurities form slag under the action of the slag former blown by the slag former blowing device 5;
(3) and (2) discharging the reduction tail gas formed by the reaction in the step (1) through a tail gas guiding device 7.
Preferably, the reduction tail gas is discharged by the tail gas guiding device 7, enters the tail gas dust removal device 10 for treatment, and then is subjected to heat recovery in the tail gas heat recovery device 8.
Further preferably, the recovered heat can be directly used for heating the ore powder in the ore powder tank.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a device and a method for smelting metal by a thermal reduction method, wherein the device comprises a smelting furnace 1, a heating device 2, a mineral powder blowing device 3, a reducing agent blowing device 4, a slagging agent blowing device 5, a metal discharging device 6 and a tail gas guiding device 7, the device can directly spray mineral powder and a reducing agent into the smelting furnace, the mineral powder and the reducing agent are rapidly heated to a reduction temperature in the furnace, the reducing agent is fully contacted with the mineral powder to generate a reduction reaction, and the reduced metal and slag fall into a furnace bottom for layering and are discharged out of the furnace at regular time. When the device is used for smelting metal by a thermal reduction method, the process energy consumption can be reduced, the contact area of a reducing agent and mineral powder can be increased, the dynamic conditions of the reduction reaction are greatly improved, the metal is rapidly reduced, and the efficiency of the reduction reaction is improved.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out hereinafter.
Drawings
For the purposes of promoting a better understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the invention, reference will now be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a drawing showing an apparatus for smelting a metal by a hot reduction method in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a process flow for smelting metallic iron in example 3;
reference numerals: 1 is a smelting furnace, 2 is a heating device, 3 is a mineral powder blowing device, 4 is a reducing agent blowing device, 5 is a slagging agent blowing device, 6 is a metal discharging device, 7 is a tail gas leading-out device, 8 is a tail gas heat recovery device, 9 is a partition plate, and 10 is a tail gas dust removal device.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention in a schematic way, and the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.
Wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustrating the invention only and not for the purpose of limiting the same, and in which there is shown by way of illustration only and not in the drawings in which there is no intention to limit the invention thereto; to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there is an orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc., based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but it is not an indication or suggestion that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and the specific meaning of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Example 1
A device for smelting metal by a thermal reduction method is shown in figure 1 and specifically comprises a smelting furnace 1, a heating device 2, a mineral powder blowing device 3, a reducing agent blowing device 4, a slagging agent blowing device 5, a metal discharging device 6 and a tail gas guiding device 7, wherein the heating device 2, the mineral powder blowing device 3 and the reducing agent blowing device 4 are arranged at the upper part of the smelting furnace 1; the slagging agent injection device 5, the metal discharge device 6 and the tail gas leading-out device 7 are arranged at the lower part of the smelting furnace 1.
In addition, more than 1 mineral powder injection device 3, reducing agent injection device 4 and slagging agent injection device 5 are arranged in the circumferential direction of the smelting furnace 1, and the nozzles can be inclined upwards or downwards; each injection device may be arranged at one elevation or at several elevations of the smelting furnace 1; the reducing agent injection device 4 can be lower than the mineral powder injection device 3 or higher than the injection device in the height direction of the smelting furnace 1, and the reducing agent injection device 4 and the mineral powder injection device 3 can also be arranged in a staggered way.
Simultaneously the lower part of smelting furnace 1 can also be connected with tail gas dust collector 10 and tail gas heat reclamation device 8 in proper order through tail gas guiding device 7 (can set porous in the tail gas guiding device, also can set the cavernous form), and smelting furnace 1 still includes the baffle 9 that the middle part set up.
Example 2
A method for smelting metal by adopting the thermal reduction method by adopting the device in the embodiment 1 comprises the following specific steps:
(1) at the upper part of the smelting furnace 1, mineral powder in a mineral powder tank is blown into the smelting furnace 1 through a mineral powder blowing device 3 to react with a reducing agent blown in by a reducing agent blowing device 4 under the heating state of a heating device 2, and the mineral powder enters the lower part of the smelting furnace 1 after the reaction is finished;
(2) the metal formed by the reaction in the step (1) is discharged from the metal discharge device 6, and the formed impurities form slag under the action of the slag former blown by the slag former blowing device 5;
(3) and (2) discharging the reduction tail gas formed by the reaction in the step (1) through a tail gas guiding device 7.
The reduction tail gas is discharged by the tail gas guiding device 7, enters the tail gas dust removal device 10 for treatment, and then is subjected to heat recovery in the tail gas heat recovery device 8, and the recovered heat can be directly used for heating the mineral powder in the mineral powder tank.
Example 3
A method for smelting metallic iron by using the device in the embodiment 1 has a process flow as shown in figure 2, and comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, refractory bricks are built in a smelting furnace, the smelting furnace is divided into an upper part and a lower part by a partition plate, holes are formed in the partition plate, high-temperature-resistant spray paint is arranged on the partition plate, the upper part belongs to a reduction area (provided with an iron ore powder spraying device, a reducing agent spraying device and a heating device electric arc arranged on the furnace top), and reducing gas H is generated2A nozzle, wherein the arc heating at the top of the furnace blows iron ore powder and H at the upper part2Maintaining the temperature of 1300 ℃ to perform oxidation-reduction reaction to make H2Can quickly and fully reduce iron ore powder, and the reduced iron-containing material flows into the lower part through the baffle plate holes at the upper part and the lower part of the smelting furnace.
Secondly, a slagging agent CaO is sprayed into the lower part of the smelting furnace through a slagging agent spraying device, the layering of molten iron and slag is realized at the lower part of the smelting furnace, the molten iron and the slag are discharged out of the furnace from an iron notch at regular time, a tail gas guiding device is arranged at the lower part of the smelting furnace, a filter plate can be arranged at the outlet of the tail gas guiding device and used for primarily filtering dust in tail gas, the tail gas enters a high-temperature resistant dust collector (tail gas dust collector) after coming out to remove the dust in the tail gas, the tail gas after dust removal is connected into a tail gas heat recovery device on the outer surface of a mineral powder tank to recover the heat of the tail gas, the iron ore powder can be heated by the recovered heat, the low-temperature tail gas after heat exchange enters a tail gas treatment system to remove water and2recovering and spraying into the furnace.
Finally, the above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all of them should be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The device for smelting metal by the thermal reduction method is characterized by comprising a smelting furnace (1), a heating device (2), a mineral powder blowing device (3), a reducing agent blowing device (4), a slagging agent blowing device (5), a metal discharging device (6) and a tail gas guiding device (7);
the heating device (2), the mineral powder blowing device (3) and the reducing agent blowing device (4) are arranged at the upper part of the smelting furnace (1);
the slagging agent injection device (5), the metal discharge device (6) and the tail gas guide device (7) are arranged at the lower part of the smelting furnace (1).
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the ore fines injection device (3) is arranged more than 1 in the circumferential direction of the smelting furnace (1).
3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the reducing agent injection device (4) is arranged more than 1 in the circumferential direction of the smelting furnace (1).
4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the slag former injection devices (5) are arranged more than 1 in the circumferential direction of the smelting furnace (1).
5. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a tail gas dust removal device (10) and a tail gas heat recovery device (8).
6. The apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the lower part of the smelting furnace (1) is connected in turn with an off-gas dust removal device (7) and an off-gas heat recovery device (8) by means of an off-gas lead-out device (7).
7. An apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the smelting furnace (1) also comprises a centrally placed partition (9).
8. A method for smelting metal by a thermal reduction method, which is characterized by being carried out by adopting the device of any one of claims 1 to 7, and specifically comprising the following steps:
(1) at the upper part of the smelting furnace (1), mineral powder in a mineral powder tank is blown into the smelting furnace (1) through a mineral powder blowing device (3) to react with a reducing agent blown in by a reducing agent blowing device (4) under the heating state of a heating device (2), and the mineral powder enters the lower part of the smelting furnace (1) after the reaction is finished;
(2) the metal formed by the reaction in the step (1) is discharged from the metal discharging device (6), and the formed impurities form slag under the action of the slag former blown by the slag former blowing device (5);
(3) and (2) discharging the reduction tail gas formed by the reaction in the step (1) through a tail gas guiding device (7).
9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the reduced tail gas is discharged from the tail gas outlet device (7), treated in the tail gas dust removal device (10), and subjected to heat recovery in the tail gas heat recovery device (8).
10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the recovered heat can be used directly for heating the ore fines in the ore fines tank.
CN202110309032.XA 2021-03-23 2021-03-23 Device and method for smelting metal by thermal reduction method Pending CN112985057A (en)

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CN202110309032.XA CN112985057A (en) 2021-03-23 2021-03-23 Device and method for smelting metal by thermal reduction method

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202110309032.XA CN112985057A (en) 2021-03-23 2021-03-23 Device and method for smelting metal by thermal reduction method

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CN112985057A true CN112985057A (en) 2021-06-18

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023151242A1 (en) * 2022-02-11 2023-08-17 中钢设备有限公司 Metal smelting device and steelmaking production line

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023151242A1 (en) * 2022-02-11 2023-08-17 中钢设备有限公司 Metal smelting device and steelmaking production line

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