CN112983479A - Roadway surrounding rock sealing protection method - Google Patents
Roadway surrounding rock sealing protection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112983479A CN112983479A CN202110202398.7A CN202110202398A CN112983479A CN 112983479 A CN112983479 A CN 112983479A CN 202110202398 A CN202110202398 A CN 202110202398A CN 112983479 A CN112983479 A CN 112983479A
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 169
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- LWNCNSOPVUCKJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mg].[P] Chemical compound [Mg].[P] LWNCNSOPVUCKJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/105—Transport or application of concrete specially adapted for the lining of tunnels or galleries ; Backfilling the space between main building element and the surrounding rock, e.g. with concrete
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/34—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing cold phosphate binders
- C04B28/344—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing cold phosphate binders the phosphate binder being present in the starting composition solely as one or more phosphates
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/006—Lining anchored in the rock
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a roadway surrounding rock sealing protection method, which comprises the steps of spraying thin-layer spraying slurry on exposed roadway surrounding rocks before the integrity of the roadway surrounding rocks is not damaged, wherein the thin-layer spraying slurry forms a continuous compact sealing layer on the surfaces of the exposed roadway surrounding rocks; wherein, the thickness of the sealing layer is 15-20mm, and the thin layer spraying slurry is prepared by mixing an environment-friendly non-rib high-performance thin layer spraying material and water; the thin-layer spraying slurry is sprayed in a wet mode, the thin-layer spraying slurry can penetrate into gaps on the surface of the surrounding rock and can be effectively bonded with the gaps on the surface of the surrounding rock, the overall stability of the surrounding rock can be recovered through strong bonding force, and the influence on continuous weathering or instability of deep surrounding rock when the surrounding rock gradually converges and deforms due to dynamic pressure change of the surrounding rock is avoided; the thin-layer spraying slurry has better thixotropy, can easily permeate into gaps or cracks on the surface of the surrounding rock of the roadway under the action of a spraying process, and is further quickly solidified; and the integral continuity of the surface of the surrounding rock is recovered, and the initial deformation of the surrounding rock is effectively controlled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of roadway support, and particularly relates to a roadway surrounding rock closed protection method.
Background
The tunnel or the coal mine underground tunnel exposed surrounding rock sealing protection is usually protected by sprayed concrete, so that the coal bed is prevented from cracking, the internal coal is prevented from being oxidized, toxic and harmful gas in the coal bed is prevented from leaking into the tunnel, the sealing property and the durability of the coal bed and the integral integrity of the surrounding rock are improved, and the supporting body is prevented from being corroded and destabilized under the action of underground water gas and corrosive gas, so that the supporting failure and the safety accidents caused by the oxidation and weathering of the surrounding rock are prevented.
At present, the traditional concrete guniting material has the defects of poor compactness, poor bonding effect, high brittleness, easy cracking and peeling, high dust pollution, high spray resilience, high labor intensity and the like; and the method consumes great manpower and materials, has higher cost and poorer sealing protection effect, is difficult to adapt to the safety production requirement and the high-yield and high-efficiency development of modern coal mines, seriously restricts the rapid tunneling of the tunnel or tunnel and increases the production cost.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a roadway surrounding rock sealing protection method, which aims to solve the technical problems of poor compactness, poor bonding effect, high brittleness, easy cracking and peeling and high injection resilience of the existing surrounding rock sealing protection.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the invention discloses a roadway surrounding rock sealing protection method, which comprises the steps of spraying thin-layer spraying slurry on exposed roadway surrounding rocks before the integrity of the roadway surrounding rocks is not damaged, wherein the thin-layer spraying slurry forms a continuous compact sealing layer on the surfaces of the exposed roadway surrounding rocks;
wherein, the thickness of the sealing layer is 15-20mm, and the thin layer spraying slurry is prepared by mixing an environment-friendly non-rib high-performance thin layer spraying material and water; the environment-friendly non-rib high-performance thin-layer spraying material is prepared from phosphorus-magnesium cement, sand, fibers, rubber powder, nano-grade micro-powder and an additive.
And further, after 3-4 cycles of tunneling and top plate supporting are completed, spraying thin-layer spraying slurry on the exposed surrounding rock of the roadway.
Further, when the environment-friendly non-rib high-performance thin-layer spraying material is mixed with water, the mass ratio of the environment-friendly non-rib high-performance thin-layer spraying material to the water is (0.2-0.23): 1; the initial setting time of the thin-layer spraying slurry is 40-60min, the final compressive strength is 60-80MPa, and the final flexural strength is 20-25 MPa;
wherein the sand adopts medium sand; the fiber adopts polypropylene fiber, the rubber powder adopts tire rubber powder, the nano-scale micro-powder adopts nano-scale slag micro-powder, and the additive adopts a high-efficiency polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent.
Further, wet spraying the thin-layer spraying slurry by using a pneumatic wet spraying machine; the pneumatic wet spraying machine comprises a stirring barrel, a water tank, a material conveying mechanism, a hopper bin, a high-pressure material conveying pipe, a spray gun and a high-pressure air pipe;
one side of the stirring barrel is provided with a water inlet which is connected with the water tank; the opposite side of agitator sets up the drain hole, and the hopper storehouse sets up in the below of drain hole, and defeated material mechanism sets up in the below of hopper storehouse, and the feed inlet of defeated material mechanism is connected with the discharge gate of hopper storehouse, and the discharge gate of defeated material mechanism passes through high-pressure conveying pipeline to be connected with the feed end of spray gun, and the one end and the high-pressure air supply of high-pressure blast pipe are connected, and the other end is connected with the air inlet end of spray gun.
Further, a stirring motor is arranged at the bottom of the stirring barrel, the output end of the stirring motor extends into the stirring barrel, and a stirring blade is arranged at the output end of the stirring motor; the material conveying mechanism comprises a material conveying motor and a screw pump, the output end of the material conveying motor is connected with the input end of the screw pump, and the feed inlet of the screw pump is connected with the discharge outlet of the hopper bin;
the pneumatic wet spraying machine further comprises a power control box, the input end of the power control box is connected with a high-pressure air source through a high-pressure air interface, the first output end of the power control box is connected with the stirring motor, and the second output end of the power control box is connected with the material conveying motor.
Further, the pneumatic wet spraying machine also comprises a frame, wherein the stirring barrel, the water tank, the material conveying mechanism and the hopper bin are all arranged on the frame; the bottom of the frame is provided with rollers.
Further, when the pneumatic wet spraying machine is used for spraying, the specific process is as follows:
step 1, adding a dry powder environment-friendly non-rib high-performance thin-layer spraying material into a stirring barrel, and adding water into a water tank; according to a preset water-cement ratio, introducing water in a water tank into a stirring barrel, and stirring and mixing the environment-friendly non-rib high-performance thin-layer spraying material and the water to obtain thin-layer spraying slurry;
step 3, conveying high-pressure air into a spray gun through a high-pressure air pipe, atomizing the thin-layer spraying slurry by using the high-pressure air, and spraying the atomized thin-layer spraying slurry on a sprayed surface through the spray gun; and forming a continuous compact closed layer on the exposed surrounding rock surface of the roadway by thin-layer spraying slurry.
Further, in the step 1, when the environment-friendly non-rib high-performance thin-layer spraying material is stirred and mixed with water, the mixing and stirring time is 2-3min, and the mixture is stirred until slurry of the thin-layer spraying slurry is uniformly mixed, the color is consistent, and the sagging prevention height is 2-3 cm; in the step 3, the distance between the spray gun and the sprayed surface is 1-2cm, and the spray gun is vertical to the sprayed surface.
Further, the spraying process adopts linear spraying or spiral spraying; the spraying process adopts repeated spraying in different times, the thickness of each spraying is not more than 5mm, after the sprayed surface is dried last time, the next repeated spraying is carried out until the spraying thickness meets the preset requirement.
Further, after the thin-layer spraying slurry is sprayed for 1-2 hours, anchor cable construction is carried out on the closed layer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a roadway surrounding rock sealing protection method, which is characterized in that before the integrity of the roadway surrounding rock is not damaged, a thin layer of spraying slurry is sprayed on the exposed roadway surrounding rock, and the thin layer of spraying slurry is prepared by mixing an environment-friendly non-rib high-performance thin layer spraying material and water; the thin-layer spraying slurry is sprayed in a wet mode, the thin-layer spraying slurry can penetrate into gaps on the surface of the surrounding rock and can be effectively bonded with the gaps on the surface of the surrounding rock, the overall stability of the surrounding rock can be recovered through strong bonding force, and the influence on continuous weathering or instability of deep surrounding rock due to cracking when the surrounding rock gradually converges and deforms due to dynamic pressure change of the surrounding rock is avoided; the thin-layer spraying slurry has better thixotropy, can easily permeate into gaps or cracks on the surface of the roadway surrounding rock under the action of a spraying process, further quickly concretes, recovers the integral continuity of the surface of the surrounding rock, has the compression strength and the rupture strength of a spraying layer more than 3-4 times of those of the traditional concrete material, and can effectively control the initial deformation of the surrounding rock; meanwhile, the sealing layer and the drawing effect of the anchor rod have good supporting synergistic effect, and a supporting and protecting ring effect can be effectively formed on the surface layer of the roadway, so that the anti-cracking, anti-weathering and integral supporting effects of the roadway are effectively improved.
Further, the mass ratio of the environment-friendly non-rib high-performance thin-layer spraying material to water is (0.2-0.23): 1, the water-cement ratio of the thin-layer spraying slurry is within the section proportion, and various mechanical properties such as compressive strength, flexural strength and the like of the material reach the optimal performance; setting the initial setting time of the thin-layer spraying slurry to be 40-60min, setting the compressive strength of the initial material of the material to be 60-80MPa, and setting the flexural strength to be 20-25 MPa; the compressive strength and the breaking strength of the material are improved, the cracking resistance, the brittleness and the stress concentration are improved, and the problem of compactness is solved.
Furthermore, a pneumatic wet spraying machine is adopted for wet spraying, so that the problems of large dust, roadway environment pollution, incapability of using electric equipment for the return air flow roadway and the like in construction operation are solved, and the adaptability is good; the water-cement ratio is proportioned by a quantitative water tank of the wet spraying machine, the wet spraying slurry is formed by mixing through a stirring motor, and then the wet spraying slurry is sprayed on a sprayed surface through a conveying screw to a spray gun.
Furthermore, the controller is arranged to intensively distribute high-pressure air to the stirring motor and the material conveying motor, so that the high-pressure air is distributed, and the high-pressure air distribution device has good effects on high-pressure pipeline disorder of equipment, equipment safety and pneumatic air flow control.
Further, the stirring barrel, the water tank, the material conveying mechanism and the hopper bin are all installed on the rack, and the rollers are arranged on the rack, so that the pneumatic wet spraying machine is convenient to move, and the working efficiency of the equipment is improved.
Furthermore, a wet spraying machine is adopted for spraying, the quantitative and proportional water-cement ratio can be realized, the integration of stirring, conveying and atomization is realized, the labor intensity of construction is reduced, the dust pollution is reduced, the thin layer spraying is realized, and the rebound rate and the sagging problem are reduced.
Furthermore, anchor cable construction is carried out on the closed protective slurry coating, so that metal anchor net construction is replaced, and the tunneling efficiency is improved; according to incomplete statistics, the tunneling coal cutting time accounts for 17% -34%, the anchoring and protecting time accounts for 50% -67%, a large amount of time is spent on anchoring and protecting the upper part, the transportation and the stretching of an anchor net, the guniting process cannot be operated in parallel with the tunneling, supporting and other processes, and the traditional guniting process has the defects of large transportation amount, high labor intensity, large dust and no environmental protection of polluted roadways, so that the method becomes a main factor for restricting rapid tunneling; in the invention, the parallel operation of the processes of guniting, tunneling, supporting and the like is realized by adopting the construction of the anchor rod cable on the closed layer, so that the construction time is greatly saved, the construction efficiency is higher, the transportation amount of the guniting process is small, the labor intensity is low, the wet-type spraying dust is less, and the pollution to the roadway is less.
In summary, the roadway surrounding rock sealing protection method adopts the mode that the thin-layer spraying slurry is sprayed on the exposed surrounding rock of the roadway to replace a metal anchor net, so that the surrounding rock can be sealed and can also be anchored; thin layer spraying is carried out, the thickness of the coating is 15-20mm, and the problem of thick spraying cracking of the traditional material is solved; the environment-friendly non-rib high-performance thin-layer spraying material is directly mixed with water, so that the proportioning is accurate and simple, and the field operation is convenient; the construction is quick and simple, the working procedures are simple and convenient, and each shift is at least 30-50 meters; the construction equipment is pneumatic, so that the safety, reliability and flexibility are high; the method has the advantages of real wet spraying, no dust pollution, no resilience and environmental friendliness; the labor intensity is low, and about 3 persons are needed for one class; the material transport volume is 1/30 for traditional materials; meanwhile, the invention saves 20% of the time of roadway excavation consumed by the transportation and the stretching of the anchor net and 30% of the time of roadway excavation occupied by the concrete sealing protection of the surface of the surrounding rock, realizes the development of the rapid roadway excavation technology and reduces the production cost; the invention can be used in the technical fields of safety and support of coal mines, tunnels and the like, meets the rapid sealing protection effect on exposed surrounding rocks, supporting bodies and the like of a coal mine tunnel, and realizes the replacement of anchor nets by rapid tunneling of the tunnel.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a wet shotcrete machine according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a supporting mechanism of the thin layer spraying slurry of the present invention.
The device comprises a stirring barrel 1, a water tank 2, a material conveying mechanism 3, a hopper bin 4, a high-pressure material conveying pipe 5, a spray gun 6, a high-pressure air pipe 7, a spraying surface 8, a power control box 9, a high-pressure air interface 10, a stirring motor 11, a discharge hole 12, a material conveying motor 13, a screw pump 14 and a rack 15.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects of the present invention more apparent, the following embodiments further describe the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention provides a roadway surrounding rock sealing protection method, which is characterized in that before the integrity of the roadway surrounding rock is not damaged, namely after the roadway is tunneled and a top plate is supported for 3-4 cycles, thin-layer spraying slurry is adopted for spraying the exposed roadway surrounding rock; thin-layer spraying slurry on the surface of the exposed surrounding rock of the roadway to form a continuous and compact closed layer; and after the thin-layer spraying slurry is sprayed for 1-2h, carrying out anchor cable construction on the closed protective slurry coating.
Wherein, the thickness of the sealing layer is 15-20mm, and the thin layer spraying slurry is prepared by mixing an environment-friendly non-rib high-performance thin layer spraying material and water; when the environment-friendly non-rib high-performance thin-layer spraying material is mixed with water, the mass ratio of the environment-friendly non-rib high-performance thin-layer spraying material to the water is (0.2-0.23): 1; the initial setting time of the thin-layer spraying slurry is 40-60min, the final compressive strength is 60-80MPa, and the final flexural strength is 20-25 MPa; the thin layer spraying slurry is subjected to wet spraying by a pneumatic wet spraying machine.
In the invention, the environment-friendly non-rib high-performance thin-layer spraying material is prepared from phosphorus-magnesium cement, sand, fiber, rubber powder, nano-grade micro-powder and an additive; wherein the sand is medium sand with fineness modulus of 2.6 and mud content<0.5 percent; the fiber is polypropylene fiber, the tensile strength of the polypropylene fiber is more than or equal to 450MPa, the elastic modulus is more than or equal to 3000, the elongation at break is less than or equal to 30 percent, and the length is 6-8 mm; the rubber powder is tire rubber powder, preferably 40-mesh waste tire rubber powder; the nanometer micro powder is slag micro powder with fineness of 400-450m2Per kg; the additive adopts a high-efficiency polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent.
As shown in the attached figure 1, the pneumatic wet spraying machine comprises a stirring barrel 1, a water tank 2, a material conveying mechanism 3, a hopper bin 4, a high-pressure material conveying pipe 5, a spray gun 6, a high-pressure air pipe 7, a power control box 9 and a frame 15; the stirring barrel 1, the water tank 2, the material conveying mechanism 3, the hopper bin 4, the high-pressure conveying pipe 5, the spray gun 6, the high-pressure air pipe 7 and the power control box 9 are all installed on a rack 15, and rollers are arranged on the rack 15.
One side of the stirring barrel 1 is provided with a water inlet which is connected with the water tank 2; the opposite side of agitator 1 sets up drain hole 12, and hopper storehouse 4 sets up the below at drain hole 12, and defeated material mechanism 3 sets up the below at hopper storehouse 4, and the feed inlet of defeated material mechanism 3 is connected with the discharge gate of hopper storehouse 4, and the discharge gate of defeated material mechanism 3 passes through high-pressure delivery pipe 5 to be connected with the feed end of spray gun 6, and the one end and the high-pressure wind source of high-pressure plenum duct 7 are connected, and the other end is connected with the air inlet end of spray gun 6.
The bottom of the stirring barrel 1 is provided with a stirring motor 11, the output end of the stirring motor 11 extends into the stirring barrel 1, and the output end of the stirring motor 11 is provided with a stirring blade; the material conveying mechanism 3 comprises a material conveying motor 13 and a screw pump 14, the output end of the material conveying motor 13 is connected with the input end of the screw pump 14, and the feed inlet of the screw pump 14 is connected with the discharge outlet of the hopper bin 4;
the input end of the power control box 9 is connected with a high-pressure air source through a high-pressure air interface 10, the first output end of the power control box 9 is connected with a stirring motor 11, and the second output end of the power control box is connected with a material conveying motor 13; in the invention, the power control box 9 is of a three-way structure and is used for shunting high-pressure air, and a protective cover is arranged on the outer side of the three-way structure.
When the pneumatic wet spraying machine is used for spraying, the specific process is as follows:
step 1, adding a dry powder environment-friendly non-rib high-performance thin-layer spraying material into a stirring barrel 1, and adding water into a water tank 2; according to a preset water-cement ratio, introducing water in a water tank 2 into a stirring barrel 1, and stirring and mixing the dry powder environment-friendly non-rib high-performance thin-layer spraying material and the water to obtain thin-layer spraying slurry; when the environment-friendly non-rib high-performance thin-layer spraying material is stirred and mixed with water, the mixing and stirring time is not more than 5min, preferably 2-3 min; the stirring speed is based on the condition that the slurry is not thrown out; stirring until the slurry of the thin-layer spraying slurry is uniformly mixed, the color is consistent, the consistency is proper, the slurry has fluidity, and the sagging prevention height is 2-3 cm.
3, conveying high-pressure air into a spray gun 6 through a high-pressure air pipe 7, atomizing the thin-layer spraying slurry by using the high-pressure air, and finally spraying the atomized thin-layer spraying slurry on a sprayed surface 8 through the spray gun 6; forming a continuous compact sealing layer on the exposed surrounding rock surface of the roadway by thin-layer spraying slurry; wherein, the distance between the spray gun 6 and the sprayed surface 8 is 1-2cm, and the spray gun 6 is vertical to the sprayed surface 8; the spraying process adopts in-line spraying or spiral spraying; wherein, the horizontal or longitudinal spraying mode is adopted in the linear spraying mode, and the material is sprayed in the spiral mode by a spray gun 6 in the spiral spraying mode; the spraying process adopts repeated spraying in different times, the thickness of each spraying is not more than 5mm, after the sprayed surface is dried last time, the next repeated spraying is carried out until the spraying thickness meets the preset requirement; the sagging phenomenon is prevented, and the rebound rate is reduced; for cracks or pipe holes and the like with larger surface of the surrounding rock, plugging is firstly carried out by plugging articles, and then uniform spraying is carried out.
The invention relates to a roadway surrounding rock sealing protection method, in particular to a roadway surrounding rock thin-layer spraying material and a process method which are safe, environment-friendly, high in compression resistance and fracture resistance, flame-retardant, antistatic, low in cost, quick in construction and capable of replacing an anchor net; the thin-layer spraying material is stirred and mixed with water in a fixed ratio by adopting a pneumatic wet spraying machine, and is directly sprayed to the surface of the surrounding rock of the roadway after atomization to form a thin-layer, continuous, compact, high-pressure-resistant, fracture-resistant and crack-resistant sealing layer.
The roadway surrounding rock sealing protection method can improve the tightness and durability of the coal bed and the overall integrity of the surrounding rock, and prevent the support body from being corroded and destabilized under the action of underground moisture and corrosive gas, so that the support fails and the surrounding rock is subjected to safety accidents such as spontaneous combustion, oxidation, weathering and the like; meanwhile, the novel environment-friendly guniting method can replace an anchor net and shotcrete in a roadway support body, reduce supporting cost, labor cost and transportation cost and reduce roadway air dust pollution caused by traditional concrete dry guniting, and improve the rapid tunneling efficiency.
In the invention, the use method of the pneumatic wet spraying machine comprises the following steps:
when the pneumatic wet spraying machine is used for spraying the thin-layer spraying slurry, a quantitative environment-friendly rib-free high-performance thin-layer spraying material and quantitative water of a water tank are stirred and mixed in a stirring barrel according to a certain water-cement ratio, the mixture is conveyed to a spray gun through a screw pump and a high-pressure conveying pipe, the mixed wet material is atomized with high-pressure air at the spray gun and is sprayed to a sprayed surface of roadway surrounding rock, and a continuous and compact sealing layer with the thickness of 15-20mm is formed; and finishing the spraying of one sprayed surface, and transferring to the next sprayed surface for circulation.
In the using process of the pneumatic wet spraying machine, the high-pressure air is connected to the wet spraying machine through the high-pressure air pressing interface; pouring a certain amount of the environment-friendly non-rib high-performance thin-layer spraying material into a stirring barrel, and putting a certain amount of water in a water tank into the stirring barrel; the high-pressure air distributed in the power control box drives the stirring motor to fully stir the water in the stirring barrel and the environment-friendly rib-free high-performance thin-layer spraying material; the stirred thin-layer spraying slurry is put into a hopper bin through a discharge hole at the bottom of the stirring barrel and then enters a screw pump; the high-pressure air distributed by the power control box drives a motor of the screw pump to convey the stirred thin-layer spraying slurry to a spray gun through a high-pressure conveying pipe; at the spray gun, the spray paint is atomized by high-pressure air in a high-pressure air pipe and sprayed to the sprayed surface of the surrounding rock of the roadway to form a continuous compact closed layer.
As shown in the attached figure 2, the roadway surrounding rock closed protection method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the thin-layer spraying slurry is sprayed on the exposed surrounding rock surface of the roadway in a wet mode, the thin-layer spraying slurry permeates into gaps on the surface of the surrounding rock body, the surface gaps are effectively bonded, and the overall self-stability of the surrounding rock can be recovered through the strong bonding force of the surface gaps; the thin-layer spraying slurry forms a continuous and compact closed layer on the exposed surrounding rock surface of the roadway, and the functions of the thin-layer spraying slurry are mainly shown in the following aspects:
the bearing shell acts as follows:
the sealing layer bears external load through self compression strength and bending strength, the function of the sealing layer is represented as 'bearing (arching)' for bearing transverse or longitudinal pressure in a stress control mode, and the section of the sealing layer bears normal stress, shearing force and bending moment and is represented as 'bearing basket' function on a loose block body when the sealing layer and the anchor rod act together in a structure control mode; meanwhile, the sealing layer is thin and has strong tensile and ductility, so that the function of the bearing basket is larger.
Cementing action:
the bonding between the sealing layer and the rock surface and the cementing effect of the sealing layer penetrating into the cracks of the surrounding rock cover the tensile strength and the breaking strength; the bonding effect between the sealing layer and the rock surface is embodied in the adhesive strength between the spray layer and the rock surface, so that the synchronism of the displacement of the surrounding rock and the sealing layer under the action of stress is ensured; the cementation action infiltrated into the cracks of the surrounding rock cementation the cracks through the adhesive strength of the material and the rock mass and the tensile strength and the shear strength of the material and the rock mass under the action of the tensile stress and the shear stress, the joint cohesion is improved, a local composite bearing arch structure is formed, and the modern supporting concept of the combined action of the sealing layer and the surrounding rock is embodied.
Wedge action
Two conditions are required for collapse of surrounding rocks of the roadway: firstly, the applied active force is larger than the resistance between the blocks, and secondly, the rock blocks have enough shearing and expanding space in the sliding process; when the thin-layer spraying slurry permeates into the cracks, the crack space is filled as if a wedge is filled, the rock mass can be kept stable in the falling process because of insufficient shear expansion space, and meanwhile, the whole compressive strength of the rock mass is increased because joints are filled like grouting.
The above-described embodiment is only one of the embodiments that can implement the technical solution of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by the embodiment, but includes any variations, substitutions and other embodiments that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention disclosed.
Claims (10)
1. A roadway surrounding rock sealing protection method is characterized in that before integrity of roadway surrounding rock is not damaged, thin-layer spraying slurry is sprayed on exposed roadway surrounding rock, and the thin-layer spraying slurry forms a continuous compact sealing layer on the surface of the exposed roadway surrounding rock;
wherein, the thickness of the sealing layer is 15-20mm, and the thin layer spraying slurry is prepared by mixing an environment-friendly non-rib high-performance thin layer spraying material and water; the environment-friendly non-rib high-performance thin-layer spraying material is prepared from phosphorus-magnesium cement, sand, fibers, rubber powder, nano-grade micro-powder and an additive.
2. The method for protecting the surrounding rock of the roadway in a closed manner according to claim 1, wherein after 3-4 cycles of roadway excavation and top plate support completion, the exposed surrounding rock of the roadway is sprayed with the thin-layer spraying slurry.
3. The roadway surrounding rock closed protection method according to claim 1, wherein when the environment-friendly non-rib high-performance thin-layer spraying material is mixed with water, the mass ratio of the environment-friendly non-rib high-performance thin-layer spraying material to the water is (0.2-0.23): 1; the initial setting time of the thin-layer spraying slurry is 40-60min, the final compressive strength is 60-80MPa, and the final flexural strength is 20-25 MPa;
wherein the sand adopts medium sand; the fiber adopts polypropylene fiber, the rubber powder adopts tire rubber powder, the nano-scale micro-powder adopts nano-scale slag micro-powder, and the additive adopts a high-efficiency polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent.
4. The roadway surrounding rock closed protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that the thin layer spraying slurry is wet-sprayed by a pneumatic wet sprayer; the pneumatic wet spraying machine comprises a stirring barrel (1), a water tank (2), a material conveying mechanism (3), a hopper bin (4), a high-pressure material conveying pipe (5), a spray gun (6) and a high-pressure air pipe (7);
a water inlet is formed in one side of the stirring barrel (1) and is connected with the water tank (2); the opposite side of agitator (1) sets up drain hole (12), hopper storehouse (4) set up the below at drain hole (12), defeated material mechanism (3) set up the below in hopper storehouse (4), the feed inlet of defeated material mechanism (3) is connected with the discharge gate of hopper storehouse (4), the discharge gate of defeated material mechanism (3) passes through high-pressure conveying pipe (5) and is connected with the feed end of spray gun (6), the one end and the high-pressure wind source of high-pressure blast pipe (7) are connected, the other end is connected with the air inlet end of spray gun (6).
5. The roadway surrounding rock closed protection method according to claim 4, characterized in that a stirring motor (11) is arranged at the bottom of the stirring barrel (1), the output end of the stirring motor (11) extends into the stirring barrel (1), and stirring blades are arranged on the output end of the stirring motor (11); the material conveying mechanism (3) comprises a material conveying motor (13) and a screw pump (14), the output end of the material conveying motor (13) is connected with the input end of the screw pump (14), and the feed inlet of the screw pump (14) is connected with the discharge outlet of the hopper bin (4);
the pneumatic wet spraying machine further comprises a power control box (9), the input end of the power control box (9) is connected with a high-pressure air source through a high-pressure air connector (10), the first output end of the power control box (9) is connected with a stirring motor (11), and the second output end of the power control box is connected with a material conveying motor (13).
6. The roadway surrounding rock closed protection method according to claim 4, wherein the pneumatic wet spraying machine further comprises a frame (15), and the stirring barrel (1), the water tank (2), the material conveying mechanism (3) and the hopper bin (4) are all mounted on the frame (15); the bottom of the frame (15) is provided with a roller.
7. The roadway surrounding rock closed protection method according to claim 5, wherein when spraying is carried out by using a pneumatic wet spraying machine, the specific process is as follows:
step 1, adding a dry powder environment-friendly non-rib high-performance thin-layer spraying material into a stirring barrel (1), and adding water into a water tank (2); according to a preset water-cement ratio, introducing water in a water tank (2) into a stirring barrel (1), and stirring and mixing the environment-friendly, non-rib and high-performance thin-layer spraying material and the water to obtain thin-layer spraying slurry;
step 2, conveying the prepared thin-layer spraying slurry to a spray gun (6) through a high-pressure air pipe by a material conveying mechanism (3);
step 3, conveying high-pressure air into a spray gun (6) through a high-pressure air pipe (7), atomizing the thin-layer spraying slurry by utilizing the high-pressure air, and spraying the atomized thin-layer spraying slurry on a sprayed surface (8) through the spray gun (6); and forming a continuous compact closed layer on the exposed surrounding rock surface of the roadway by thin-layer spraying slurry.
8. The roadway surrounding rock closed protection method according to claim 7, characterized in that in the step 1, when the environment-friendly non-rib high-performance thin-layer spraying material is stirred and mixed with water, the mixing and stirring time is 2-3min, the slurry of the thin-layer spraying slurry is stirred until the slurry is uniformly mixed, the color is consistent, and the sagging height is 2-3 cm; in the step 3, the distance between the spray gun (6) and the spraying surface (8) is 1-2cm, and the spray gun (6) is vertical to the spraying surface (8).
9. The roadway surrounding rock closed protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that the spraying process adopts in-line spraying or spiral spraying; the spraying process adopts repeated spraying in different times, the thickness of each spraying is not more than 5mm, after the sprayed surface is dried last time, the next repeated spraying is carried out until the spraying thickness meets the preset requirement.
10. The roadway surrounding rock closed protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that after the thin-layer spraying slurry is sprayed for 1-2 hours, anchor cable construction is performed on the closed layer.
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| CN113771223A (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2021-12-10 | 铜陵化工集团新桥矿业有限公司 | Underground dry self-propelled shotcrete machine |
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