CN112982612B

CN112982612B - Flat red mud disposal site and discharge method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN112982612B
Application number: CN202110232367.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈欢; 贾晔; 丛玲玉; 王敬瑞; 田祥; 刘腾辉; 宋玉飞; 沈鹏生; 凡聪聪
Original assignee: Jinjian Engineering Design Co ltd
Current assignee: Jinjian Engineering Design Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-03-02
Filing date: 2021-03-02
Publication date: 2022-11-01
Anticipated expiration: 2041-03-02
Also published as: CN112982612A

Abstract

The invention discloses a red mud disposal site, which comprises a circle of initial dams stacked along the periphery of the site, wherein the initial dams are divided into a plurality of subareas by using middle partition dams, blocking dams are arranged at the junctions of the subareas corresponding to the subareas, and the blocking dams surround a small flood regulation pool; the small flood regulation pond is connected with the subareas through culvert pipes arranged on the blocking dam. The invention also discloses a discharge method of the red mud disposal site. The flood discharge system is arranged near the combination part of each subarea, and in the running process of the red mud yard, when raining in continuous days, sewage generated by rainfall can be led to adjacent unused areas, the adjacent subareas are used as sewage adjusting tanks to store the sewage, and the rainfall in other unused subareas can be discharged. The method can ensure that no water is accumulated in the used storage yard, greatly increase the volume of the sewage storage yard, obviously improve the guarantee degree on the aspects of safety and environmental protection, and overcome the defects of the existing arrangement mode and the storage process.

Description

Flat-ground red mud disposal site and discharge method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of red mud dry treatment, and particularly relates to a flat-type red mud disposal site and a discharge method thereof.

Background

The red mud is waste residue generated after aluminum-containing mineral raw materials are used for preparing aluminum oxide or aluminum hydroxide, and a special red mud yard needs to be built for piling up the red mud except a small amount of waste residue which can be comprehensively utilized.

The red mud disposal site is used for storing red mud discharged in the production process of an alumina or aluminum hydroxide enterprise (hereinafter referred to as an aluminum plant).

The disposal of red mud mainly comprises a wet method and a dry method. Generally, the moisture content of the red mud slurry entering a yard is considered to be a wet method when the moisture content is more than 47%, and is considered to be a dry method when the moisture content is less than 47%. The dry method is divided into a slurry dry method and a filter cake dry method. In addition, the water occupies a large storage capacity of the storage yard, and the volume utilization rate is reduced, so the wet method storage yard and the slurry dry method storage yard are gradually replaced by a filter cake dry method storage yard, and in recent years, a filter cake dry method red mud storage mode is mostly adopted for newly-built red mud storage yards.

The dry filter cake stacking process is that red mud slurry is filtered by a filter to obtain filter cake with water content less than the liquid limit (0.75), the filter cake is conveyed to a red mud yard by a rubber belt conveyor or an automobile, and paving, airing, rolling and damming operations are carried out on the red mud yard. The dry method red mud yard needs larger paving and airing area, filter cakes are dried and consolidated in the yard, separated water (red mud attached liquid) returns to an aluminum plant, and the red mud is piled in the red mud yard in a solid state.

Sites of filter cake dry red mud storage yards can be roughly divided into four types, namely slope type, valley type, flat type and basin type, according to natural conditions of peripheral terrains of aluminum plants and land resource conditions. The site of the sloping field is a slope surface, the height difference between the slope bottom and the slope top is large, two-sided or three-sided damming is needed, and the site is common in loess areas and hilly areas; the valley type site is a valley, the slope of the bottom of the valley is relatively large, the general catchment range is also large, the damming engineering quantity is small, and the site is common in mountainous regions; the flat land type is generally positioned on plain or coastal positions, the land is flat, the four sides of the land need to be dammed, and the damming engineering quantity is large; the basin type is generally a natural or artificial pit, the damming work amount is small or no, the catchment area is small, and the site is difficult to meet.

In the red mud storage yard adopting filter cake dry-process storage, a flat-type storage yard is common, because the flat-type storage yard easily meets the requirement of the dry-process red mud storage yard on the airing area, and can reduce the rainwater outside the yard from gathering into the storage yard; international bauxite resources are rich in brazil, indonesia, guinea and other countries, domestic or foreign bauxite of aluminum plants are mostly transported to wharfs by ships, and red mud storage yards are built near the wharfs or at flat positions around the wharfs.

The flat ground type dry red mud yard needs to build a circle of initial dam around, the yard is divided into a plurality of subareas by a middle partition dam, each subarea is leveled into a shape with four high surfaces and low middle, the four surfaces of the subarea are distributed, the middle is drained, the periphery of the subarea rises synchronously, and after the yard is fully piled up, a sub-dam is built for continuous piling.

The flat-type dry red mud disposal site adopting the operation process faces the following problems: when the elevation of the red mud shoal surface exceeds the initial dam crest, because the gradient of red mud stacking in the site is slower (generally 1-2%), the flood regulation reservoir capacity of the used subareas is less, when continuous rainfall occurs, rainwater falls to be alkaline after the site is used in the site, and is not allowed to be directly discharged, and the utilization amount of backwater of an aluminum plant or the treatment amount of a sewage treatment station is certain, so that excessive sewage only exists in the site, the flood regulation reservoir capacity of the site is occupied, and the excessive rainwater overflows from the top of the stacking dam to endanger the safety of the dam body and pollute the environment; and secondly, the red mud is difficult to dry and solidify due to water stored in the storage yard, and the problem that the dam foundation of the sub-dam is weak can be faced when the sub-dam is built in the later period.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a flat-land type red mud yard and a discharge method thereof aiming at the defects in the prior art, and particularly relates to flood discharge facility arrangement and red mud stockpiling mode in the flat-land type dry red mud yard in rainy areas. The flood discharge system is arranged near the combination part of each subarea, when raining occurs in the running process of the red mud yard, sewage generated by rainfall can be led to adjacent unused areas, the sewage is stored in a sewage adjusting tank by utilizing the adjacent subareas, rainfall in other unused subareas can be discharged outside, and the sewage generated in the used subareas is discharged after being recycled or treated by the return water of an aluminum plant. The method can ensure that no water is accumulated in the used storage yard, greatly increase the volume of the sewage storage yard, obviously improve the security degree on safety and environmental protection and overcome the defects of the prior arrangement mode and the storage process.

The specific technical scheme is as follows:

one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a flat-type red mud yard, which comprises a circle of initial dams built along the periphery of the yard, wherein the initial dams are divided into a plurality of subareas by intermediate dividing dams, and the difference of the flat-type red mud yard and the prior art is as follows:

arranging blocking dams at the junctions of the subareas corresponding to the subareas, wherein the blocking dams surround a small flood regulation pool; the small flood regulation pond is connected with the subareas through culvert pipes arranged on the blocking dam. The culvert pipe is provided with a valve.

It should be noted that the culvert pipes may be arranged on the blocking dam corresponding to each partition, or one of the partitions may be designated as an initial stockpiling area, and the culvert pipes may not be arranged on the blocking dam corresponding to the partition. Namely: if the number of the partitions is n, n-1 (n is a natural number not less than 2) blocking dams of the culvert pipes are arranged.

Further, the initial dam is the same as the conventional initial dam, and the height of the initial dam is determined by the formed storage capacity, so that the red mud amount of the aluminum plant in more than half a year of production can be stored, and other regulations of the specification are met.

Furthermore, the specifications of the initial dam, the separating dam and the blocking dam are preferably the same or similar, and local materials can be used for preferentially taking materials in the storage yard so as to increase the storage capacity of the storage yard.

Furthermore, the volume of the small flood regulation pool is required to meet the requirement of storing the amount of red mud carried by one-time flood washing.

Further, the red mud disposal site also comprises a flood discharge system. The drainage system is also the same as a conventional drainage system, and generally adopts a drainage well-drainage pipe type. According to the terrain, geology and stacking height conditions, the drainage wells and the drainage pipes of all the subareas can adopt reinforced concrete structures or steel structures.

Further, the yard is preferably square, and the yard is divided into 4 equal partitions by using dividing dams.

The following improvements can be made with respect to the flood drainage system:

and furthermore, drainage wells are arranged on two sides of the blocking dam of each subarea, and each subarea is provided with an independent flood drainage system. And a dam buried pipe is arranged on the separation dam of each subarea, and a valve is arranged for control. A clean water tank and a sewage tank are arranged outside the storage yard; the drainage well is connected to the clean water pool and the sewage pool through drainage pipes. The clean water tank and the sewage tank are returned to an aluminum plant through pumps for recycling or are discharged after reaching standards after being treated.

Furthermore, each storage yard subarea is leveled or inclines to the blocking dam with a certain gradient (0.2-0.5%).

In the construction of the flood discharge system, the specifications of a drainage well, a drainage pipe and a buried pipe on the dam are determined according to flood generated by designing the rainstorm frequency, and the height of the buried pipe on the dam is determined according to the volume of a required sewage adjusting pool.

Still further, the dry red mud disposal site must be provided with an impermeable layer.

And furthermore, a peripheral intercepting ditch is arranged in the ring storage yard to carry out sewage disposal and diversion. The intercepting ditch is also connected to the clean water tank and the sewage tank and is respectively provided with a valve control.

In the operation process of the red mud yard, four-side cloth or C-shaped cloth is adopted in each partition, wherein the sub-dam top at the blocking dam is lower than the sub-dam tops of other areas, the whole red mud shoals of the partitions are upward inclined to a drainage well, and the red mud discharge process of the partitions is similar to a bin tail discharge mode. The small flood regulation pond is connected with the adjacent subareas through culvert pipes, the culvert pipes are arranged on the blocking dam, and the adjacent subareas are used as large flood regulation ponds.

When the red mud shoal surface does not exceed the initial dam crest, the red mud disposal site adopts a flood drainage system in the sub-area to drain water; when the red mud shoal exceeds the initial dam crest, the flood drainage system in the subarea is used for plugging, and at the moment, the flood drainage system in the small flood regulation pool or the large flood regulation pool is used for draining water.

When the rainfall is small, the sewage formed on the red mud beach surface flows to a small flood control pond and is guided to an off-site sewage pond through a drainage well-drainage pipe in the using subarea. Red mud is not discharged from other subareas, and clear water collected in the subareas is led to an off-site clear water tank to realize sewage disposal and flow division.

When the rainfall occurs in successive days, the sewage formed on the beach surface of the red mud is excessive, and the volume of the small flood regulating pond cannot meet the storage requirement. At the moment, a control valve of a culvert pipe on the blocking dam is opened to lead the sewage to any unused subarea, and the area is unused, so that the area has nearly million cubic meters in volume, the sewage generated by repeated rainfall can be sufficiently stored, and the backwater use of an aluminum plant and the pressure of a sewage treatment plant are reduced. After the rainfall stops, the rainfall is led to a sewage tank through a drainage well-drainage pipe matched with the area, the rainfall is returned to an aluminum plant by a pump in the sewage tank for recycling or is discharged after being treated by a sewage treatment plant, and the rainfall is buffered in the production process, so that the purposes of 'peak clipping and valley filling' are realized, and the pressure of the process flow is relieved.

After the former partition is piled up to the designed elevation, any partition can be piled up.

If adjacent partitions are built, the red mud in the adjacent partitions can lean against the previously built stacking dam, and the next partition is used as a large flood regulation pond to circulate. Because the red mud discharging process of each subarea is similar to a storehouse tail discharging mode, the subareas are all inclined towards the area where the drainage well is located (a minor adjustment Hong Chi), namely the middle of the whole yard. When the elevation of the designed top is built in one circle of subareas, the yard forms a basin terrain with a low middle part and a high periphery, and the flood discharging systems of all subareas are arranged in the basin terrain. And piling the red mud in the pot terrain yard until the final pile elevation.

The invention also aims to provide a method for discharging the flat red mud disposal site, which comprises the following steps:

s1, building a circle of initial dams along the periphery of a yard site, dividing the initial dams into n subareas by using middle dividing dams, arranging blocking dams corresponding to each subarea at the junctions of the subareas, and enclosing the blocking dams into a small flood regulation pool; arranging culvert pipes on at least n-1 blocking dams to communicate the small flood regulation ponds with the subareas; each subarea is used as a large flood regulation pool; laying a flood drainage system, and arranging a closed impermeable layer at the bottom of a storage yard or on the inner slope of a dam body; (n is not less than 2)

S2, starting to operate the red mud yard, and distributing materials on four sides or distributing materials in a C shape in each partition; after the subareas are fully piled, a stacking dam is constructed to continue piling, wherein the stacking dam comprises a plurality of stages of sub-dams; after the previous subarea is piled up to the designed elevation, any subarea is piled up; when the red mud shoal surface does not exceed the initial dam crest, the red mud disposal site adopts a flood drainage system in the sub-area to drain water; when the red mud shoal exceeds the initial dam crest, the flood discharge system in the subarea is used for plugging, and at the moment, the flood discharge system in the small flood regulation pool or the large flood regulation pool is used for discharging water.

Further, in step S2, after the previous partition is piled up to the design elevation, the adjacent partition is piled up. The red mud of adjacent partitions may rest on a previously built stacking dam.

Further, the top of the sub-dam at the blocking dam is lower than the tops of the sub-dams in other areas, so that the shoals of all the subarea storage yards form a slope shape with one lower side and the other higher sides; when all the subareas are piled to the designed elevation, the center of the yard finally forms a basin terrain with low middle and high periphery. The sub-dam of each period is preferably 1m to 2m lower than the sub-dams of other regions. The flood discharge systems of the various divisions are arranged in this basin.

And further, red mud is piled up in the yard of the basin terrain until the final pile elevation is reached. After the stacking elevation is reached, the formed beach surface area is large, and heightening and capacity expansion can be performed on the beach surface formed by the red mud stacked in the basin shape.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) No water accumulation on red mud shoal surface

Through reasonable arrangement, the flat-land red mud yard discharges the red mud by adopting the bin tail, the sewage generated by rainfall is stored in a small flood regulation pool or a large flood regulation pool Hong China, the beach surface of the red mud is not accumulated, the red mud in the yard can be quickly consolidated, and the slope stability coefficient of the yard is higher.

(2) 'use the adjacent as gully, peak clipping and valley filling'

When continuous rainfall occurs, the sewage generated in the used subareas can be stored in a large flood regulation pool (adjacent subareas), so that the situation that the excessive sewage overflows from the top of the accumulation dam to endanger the safety of the dam body and pollute the environment due to the insufficient storage capacity of the storage yard of the used subareas can be prevented. After the rainfall stops, the rainfall is returned to an aluminum plant for backwater use and is treated by a sewage treatment plant, and the pressure of the process flow is relieved due to the buffering on the production process.

(3) Fully utilize land resources

According to the arrangement mode, at the end of the use period of the red mud disposal site, all the subareas are contracted towards the middle, the flood discharge system of each subarea is a flood discharge system of the whole red mud disposal site, the heightened and expanded space of the red mud disposal site is larger, the same floor area is occupied, and more storage capacity can be obtained.

(4) Centralized arrangement, convenient management and high safety

The flood drainage system is compact in arrangement, close in distance, and convenient in construction period and operation period. In a conventional red mud disposal site arrangement mode, the red mud disposal site is divided into a plurality of independent subareas, flood discharge systems are independent, and once one or more flood discharge systems are damaged, the corresponding subareas cannot discharge flood. By adopting the technology of the invention, the flood discharge systems can be mutually standby in the process during the operation of the red mud yard. Especially, at the final stage of use, a plurality of sets of flood discharging systems are arranged in one flood regulating pond, and the reliability of the flood discharging systems is greatly improved.

All the partitions are almost consistent, and the parameters of the flood drainage system can be unified. The change of the use sequence of the subareas cannot influence the flood drainage system, and the operation management of the storage yard is more convenient.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a plan layout of a flat-type red mud disposal site in an initial stage in a conventional design;

FIG. 2 is a typical longitudinal section view of a conventional design of a flat-type red mud disposal site;

FIG. 3 is a plan layout of a used completion area A in a conventional design of a flat-type red mud yard;

FIG. 4 is a plan layout of a zone B used completion when a flat-type red mud yard is conventionally designed;

FIG. 5 is a plan layout of a zone C used completion when a flat-type red mud yard is conventionally designed;

FIG. 6 is a plan layout of the used D-zone when the flat red mud disposal site is designed conventionally;

FIG. 7 is a plan layout of a flat-ground red mud disposal site after conventional design and heightening;

FIG. 8 is a plan view of the initial stage of the red mud disposal site in the flat type of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a typical vertical cross-sectional view of a flat-type red mud yard according to the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a plan layout of a land level type red mud disposal site A used in the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a plan layout of a land level type red mud disposal site B in the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a plan layout of a flat-type red mud disposal site C according to the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a plan view of a land flat type red mud disposal site D region used in the present invention;

FIG. 14 is a plan layout of the middle area of the flat-type red mud disposal site used in the present invention;

FIG. 15 is a plan view of the flat ground type red mud disposal site of the present invention after elevation and expansion;

in the figure: 1. a region A; 2. a region B; 3. a region C; 4. a region D; 5. an initial dam; 6. separating dams; 7. a blocking dam; 8. a small flood regulation pond; 9. a culvert pipe; 10. a drainage well; 11. a main drainage well; 12. a secondary drainage well; 13. a drain pipe; 14. intercepting a ditch; 15. a water pool; 15-1, a clean water tank; 15-2, a sewage tank; 16. a valve; 17. stacking a dam; 18. a large flood regulation pool.

Detailed Description

The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with examples, which are set forth to illustrate, but are not to be construed to limit the scope of the invention.

Comparative example

The red mud disposal site matched with an aluminum plant is a conventional red mud disposal site in the prior art, as shown in figures 1-7, a flat ground type disposal site is adopted, and the red mud is disposed as filter cake dry-process disposal.

The red mud storage yard dam axis is 800m square, a circle of initial dam 5 is built along the periphery of the site, the middle adopts a partition dam 6 to divide the storage yard into four equal partitions, namely an A area 1, a B area 2, a C area 3 and a D area 4, and each partition is 400m square.

The initial dam 5 and the separation dam 6 are both ground earth-rock dams, the width of the dam top is 8m, and the dam height is 6m. The slope ratio of the inner slope to the outer slope of the initial dam 5 is 1:2.0, 1:2.5, the slope ratio of the inner slope and the outer slope of the separation dam is 1:2.0.

the accumulation dam 17 is built by red mud, the accumulation dam 17 has five stages, the height of a sub dam in each stage is 4m, the height of the accumulation dam is 20m, and the slope ratio of an outer slope is 1:5.0. designed total storage capacity 1329 km³The total dam height is 26m, and the red mud disposal site is four.

The red mud storage yard is provided with an impermeable layer, and the bottom of the storage yard or the inner slope of the dam body is provided with a closed impermeable layer. A peripheral intercepting ditch 14 is arranged around the storage yard for cleaning and distributing sewage.

And a water tank 15 is arranged at a lower position of the terrain outside the red mud stacking area and comprises a clean water tank 15-1 and a sewage tank 15-2, the intercepting ditch 14 and the drain pipe 13 are connected to the clean water tank 15-1 and the sewage tank 15-2 which are arranged outside the red mud stacking area, and valves 16 are respectively arranged for controlling the intercepting ditch and the drain pipe. The water in the clean water tank 15-1 and the sewage tank 15-2 is returned to the aluminum plant through pumps for recycling or is discharged after reaching standards after being treated.

The red mud yard is used in a subarea mode according to the sequence of A, B, C, D, and the next subarea is used when the former subarea is used to reach the final dam crest elevation.

Each sub-area is provided with an independent flood drainage system, such as a conventional arrangement, arranged according to the yard shape of each area in use.

The red mud shrinks towards the middle in the use of zone a 1, and the drainage wells of zone a 1 are arranged at the centroid thereof.

One side of the B area 2 leans against the outer slope of the accumulation dam of the A area, the other three sides shrink towards the middle, and the drainage well of the B area 2 is arranged at the position deviated to the A area 1 and located at the centroid of the beach face of the final B area 2 storage yard.

One side of the C area 3 leans against the outer slope of the accumulation dam of the B area 2, the other three sides shrink towards the middle, and the drainage well 10 of the C area 3 is arranged at the position deviated to the B area 2 and located at the centroid of the beach face of the final C area 3 storage yard.

Two sides of the D area 4 lean against the outer slope of the stacking dam of the A area 1, the B area 2 and the C area 3, the other two sides shrink towards the middle, and the drainage well 10 of the D area 4 is arranged at the position deviated to the center of the whole storage yard and is positioned at the centroid of the beach surface of the storage yard of the D area 4 finally.

The drainage wells 10 of each section are led to a clean water basin 15-1 and a sewage basin 15-2 through separate drainage pipes 13.

As the beach surface area of the area A1 is smaller, and the beach surfaces of the area B2 and the area C3 are strip-shaped, the heightening and the expansion are not suitable. The area of the D area 4 is larger, is a square with side length of 392m, is suitable for heightening and expanding, and can be heightened by about 12m and increased by 134 ten thousand m³And (4) storage capacity.

Final partition related parameters

With this conventional arrangement, the following problems are encountered: when the elevation of the red mud beach surface exceeds the top of the initial dam, because the gradient of red mud stacking in the yard is slower (generally 1-2%), the flood regulation storage capacity of the used subareas is less, when continuous rainfall occurs, rainwater falls to be alkaline after the yard is used, and is not allowed to be directly discharged, while the utilization amount of backwater of an aluminum plant or the treatment amount of a sewage treatment station is certain, so that excessive sewage only can exist in the yard, and the excessive rainwater overflows from the top of the stacking dam to endanger the safety of the dam body and pollute the environment; and secondly, the red mud is difficult to dry and solidify due to water stored in the storage yard, and the problem that the dam foundation of the sub-dam is weak can be faced when the sub-dam is built in the later period.

Examples

A flat-type red mud yard, as shown in fig. 8 to 15, differing from the comparative example as follows with reference to the comparative example:

arranging a blocking dam 7 corresponding to each subarea at the junction of each subarea, wherein the blocking dam 7 encloses a small flood regulation pool 8; the small flood regulating pond 8 is connected with each subarea through culvert pipes 9 arranged on the retaining dam 7.

Drainage wells are arranged on two sides of the blocking dam 7 of each subarea, a main drainage well 11 is arranged on one side of the small flood regulation pool 8, and a secondary drainage well 12 is arranged on one side of each subarea; the primary drainage well 11 and the secondary drainage well 12 are connected to the clean water basin 15-1 and the sewage basin 15-2 through drainage pipes 13.

By adopting the arrangement mode, the small flood regulation pond 8 is arranged in the middle of the red mud storage yard, and the small flood regulation pond 8 is enclosed by the blocking dam 7 and can store red mud carried by flood scouring during mine discharge at the tail of the reservoir. According to the regulation in the design Specification for dry red mud storage yard GB50986-2014, the volume of the red mud storage yard is determined according to the red mud filter cake flushing test according to the red mud volume which meets the requirement of storing red mud carried by one-time flood flushing. In the absence of data, the determination can be estimated as follows:

W_CH＝1000H_p·a·F·P

in the formula:

W_CHmaximum amount of sludge (m) per shot³)；

H_p-a maximum rainfall of 24h (mm) of the design frequency;

a-fineness coefficient of red mud, can be 0.25;

f-area of final red mud piling-up area (km)²)；

P is the red mud yard equal grade coefficient, 0.45 is taken as the first grade storehouse, 0.35 is taken as the second grade storehouse, 0.30 is taken as the third grade storehouse, 0.25 is taken as the fourth grade storehouse, and 0.20 is taken as the fifth grade storehouse.

The main drainage well 11 and the secondary drainage well 12 are arranged on two sides of the blocking dam, and the main drainage well 11 is arranged in the middle of the minor adjustment Hong Chi as much as possible. The catchment 12 of the main drainage well 11 and the secondary drainage well 12 is led to an off-site clean water pool 15-1 and a sewage pool 15-2 through the same drainage pipe, and the two drainage wells respectively discharge sewage in the use subarea and the minor tune Hong Chi. The top heights of the primary drainage well 11 and the secondary drainage well 12 are determined according to flood control requirements, the top height of the secondary drainage well 12 is generally 1-2 m lower than the top of the blocking dam, and the top height of the primary drainage well 11 is 1-2 m lower than the final top of the dam.

The small flood regulating ponds 8 are connected with each subarea through culvert pipes 9, the culvert pipes 9 are arranged on the retaining dams 7, and the adjacent subareas are used as large flood regulating ponds 18 (see figure 9). The excess sewage in the small flood regulation tank 8 can be stored in the large flood regulation tank 18.

The blocking dam 7 is a rolled earth-rock dam, the width of the dam crest is 8m, the dam height is 6m, and the elevation of the dam crest is the same as that of the initial dam and the separation dam. The slope ratio of the inner slope to the outer slope of the blocking dam 7 is 1:2.0.

during the operation of the red mud yard, the four sides of the material or the C-shaped material is distributed in the subareas. The top of the sub-dam at the blocking dam 7 is 1 m-2 m lower than the tops of the sub-dams in other areas, the whole red mud shoals of the subareas ascend to the drainage well, and the red mud discharging process of the subareas is similar to a bank tail discharging mode.

When the red mud shoals do not exceed the initial dam crest, the red mud disposal site drains water through a flood drainage system (secondary drainage well 12) in the used subarea; when the red mud shoal surface exceeds the initial dam crest, plugging by a flood discharge system (a secondary drainage well 12) in a subarea, and discharging water by a flood discharge system (a main drainage well 11) in a small flood regulation pond 8; when continuous rainfall occurs, the small flood regulation pool 8 cannot store excessive sewage, and at the moment, a control valve of a culvert pipe 9 embedded in the blocking dam 7 is opened, so that the sewage is led to one or more adjacent subareas (large flood regulation pools) to serve as places for storing the sewage. Because red mud is not piled up in adjacent subareas (large flood regulation pools), the volume of the red mud is large (the large flood regulation pool 18 in the project is 0.5m of safe super height, and the volume of sewage stored in one subarea can reach 83 ten thousand m³) And sewage generated by multiple rainfalls can be stored. After the rainfall stops, the rainfall is led to a sewage pool 15-2 through a drainage well-drainage pipe matched with the large flood regulation pool, and the rainfall is returned to an aluminum plant by a pump in the sewage pool 15-2 for recycling and discharged by a sewage treatment plant, so that the rainfall is buffered in the production process, the peak clipping and valley filling are realized, and the pressure of the process flow on sewage treatment is greatly reduced. The method is particularly suitable for planning and designing the red mud disposal site in the area with abundant rainfall.

The red mud disposal site can be used in a subarea mode according to the sequence of A, B, C, D, and can also be used in other sequences, and the next subarea is used when the former subarea is used to the final dam crest elevation. When the discharge scale of the red mud dump is increased, a plurality of subareas can be used, and the subareas which do not discharge the red mud are used as large flood regulation pools.

By adopting the arrangement method, a basin with high periphery and low middle is formed at the top of the storage yard, and 4 sets of flood discharge systems of all subareas are arranged in the middle of the basin.

And piling the red mud in the basin yard until the final pile elevation.

Relevant parameters of final beach surface of red mud yard

The design of the final red mud yard beach surface is large, is an octagon with the side length of 164-192 m, is suitable for heightening and expanding, can be heightened by about 16m and increased by 165 ten thousand m³And (4) storage capacity. The flood regulation storage capacity after heightening is equivalent to that of a conventionally arranged flood regulation storage capacity. After the red mud yard is closed, the rainwater falling on the beach surface can be directly discharged, and the drainage capacity of the flood drainage system adopting the arrangement form in the invention is about 4 times of that of the conventional arrangement.

Comparison of the two arrangements

If the guarantee rate of each set of flood discharge system is 80 percent. The red mud yard which is arranged conventionally is adopted, because each subarea is provided with a set of flood discharge system, the two subareas cannot be used for each other, the final beach surface is also provided with four subareas, and the guarantee rate of the flood discharge system of the whole red mud yard is 80 percent.

If the arrangement form of the invention is adopted, the length of the dam body and the length of the drain pipe are respectively increased by 2 percent and 7 percent, but the sewage of the red mud storage yard in the using subarea can be discharged to the outside of the yard or stored in the adjacent subarea in the running process, the volume of the stored sewage is increased by more than 5 times, and the problem of the red mud storage yard in the rainy area is solved; two sets of flood discharge systems are arranged in each subarea in the operation process, and the guarantee rate of the flood discharge systems of the whole red mud yard is (1-0.2)²) I.e., 96%; after the red mud disposal site is sealed, 4 sets of flood drainage systems are arranged in one subarea, and the guarantee rate of the flood drainage system of the whole red mud disposal site is (1-0.2)⁴) Namely 99.84%, the guarantee rate of the flood discharge system is greatly improved; the using sequence of each partition is adjustable, and the operation management is more convenient.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims

1. A flat-type red mud yard comprises a circle of initial dams stacked along the periphery of the yard, wherein the initial dams are divided into n subareas by intermediate dividing dams,

arranging blocking dams at the junctions of the subareas corresponding to the subareas, wherein the blocking dams surround a small flood regulation pool; the small flood regulation pond is connected with at least n-1 subareas through culvert pipes arranged on the blocking dam, and the small flood regulation pond also comprises a flood drainage system, wherein drainage wells are uniformly arranged on two sides of the blocking dam of each subarea; a clean water tank and a sewage tank are arranged outside the storage yard; the drainage well is connected to the clean water pool and the sewage pool through a drainage pipe;

wherein n is a natural number not less than 2,

the discharge method comprises the following steps:

s1, building a circle of initial dams along the periphery of a yard site, dividing the initial dams into n subareas by using middle dividing dams, arranging blocking dams corresponding to each subarea at the junctions of the subareas, and enclosing the blocking dams into a small flood regulation pool; arranging culvert pipes on at least n-1 blocking dams to communicate the small flood regulation ponds with the subareas; each subarea is used as a large flood regulation pool; laying a flood drainage system, and arranging a closed impermeable layer at the bottom of a storage yard or on the inner slope of a dam body;

s2, starting to operate the red mud yard, and distributing materials on four sides or distributing materials in a C shape in each partition; red mud of adjacent partitions leans against a stacked dam stacked before the previous partition, and after the partitions are fully stacked, the stacked dam is stacked again for continuous stacking, wherein the stacked dam comprises a plurality of stages of sub-dams, and the tops of the sub-dams at the blocking dam are lower than those of the sub-dams in other areas, so that the shoals of the storage yards of the partitions form a slope shape with one low side and the other high sides; piling any partition after the previous partition is piled to the designed elevation; when all the subareas are piled up to the designed elevation, the center of the yard finally forms a basin terrain with low middle and high periphery, red mud is piled up in the basin-shaped yard until the final piling elevation, and heightening and capacity expansion are carried out on the beach surface formed by the red mud piled up in the basin shape; when the red mud shoal surface does not exceed the initial dam crest, the red mud disposal site adopts a flood drainage system in the sub-area to drain water; when the red mud shoal surface exceeds the initial dam crest, plugging the flood discharge system in the used subarea, and discharging water by using the flood discharge system of the small flood regulation pool; when continuous rainfall occurs, the volume of the small flood control pool cannot store excessive sewage, at the moment, a control valve of a culvert pipe embedded in the blocking dam is opened, and the sewage is led to one or more large flood control areas Hong Chi of adjacent subareas to serve as places for storing the sewage.

2. The flat red mud disposal site according to claim 1, wherein the primary dam, the dividing dam and the blocking dam have the same or similar specifications.

3. The flat red mud disposal site according to claim 1 wherein the disposal site is square and the disposal site is divided into 4 equal sections by dividing dams.