CN112982273B - Ecological space optimization and function improvement method for river wetland - Google Patents

Ecological space optimization and function improvement method for river wetland Download PDF

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CN112982273B
CN112982273B CN202110187888.4A CN202110187888A CN112982273B CN 112982273 B CN112982273 B CN 112982273B CN 202110187888 A CN202110187888 A CN 202110187888A CN 112982273 B CN112982273 B CN 112982273B
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龚家国
王英
伊丽
田博
冶运涛
尚毅梓
秦韬
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China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research
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Abstract

The invention provides an ecological space optimization and function improvement method for a river wetland, and belongs to the technical field of river treatment. Determining and analyzing the space structure of the current river to obtain the area proportion occupied by different river structures; determining the flow capacity of the river and analyzing the current flood discharge capacity of the river; on the basis of the section of the river channel, taking an earthwork balance principle, flood carrying capacity and beach water flooding duration and depth as calculation bases, analyzing by using a dichotomy, respectively determining the excavation position of the river channel, the excavation depth, a vertical dredging space and a dredging volume, and optimizing a river beach wetland; and analyzing the space structure area, the proportion condition and the ecological space change of the river channel before and after optimization respectively, and evaluating the ecological space optimization scheme of the river channel. The invention optimizes and treats the cross section of the river based on the comprehensive consideration of the structure and the function of the river system, realizes the improvement of the ecological function and the environmental optimization of the river, and provides references for the restoration protection and the function improvement of the river wetland in China and the flood control and disaster reduction of the area.

Description

Ecological space optimization and function improvement method for river wetland
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of river treatment, and particularly relates to an ecological space optimization and function improvement method for a river wetland.
Background
The river wetland system is an open system with a natural structure, ecological environment and economic society coupled with each other, and along with the development of the economic society, river functions are diversified, wherein the functions of water conservancy, shipping, ecological, historical culture, sewage containing, landscape and the like are particularly prominent. The function of the river wetland system is determined by the structure of the river wetland system, and all structures form interaction and coordinate operation to realize all functions of the river. Along with the aggravation of human activities and the development and progress of society, the water resource stress degree is aggravated, the problems of continuous reduction of river water passing sections, reduction of flood-carrying capacity, occupation of river ecological spaces, serious degradation of ecological functions, water environment pollution and the like are increasingly prominent, and the ecological benefits of the river wetland are difficult to fully exert. Meanwhile, under the large background of accelerated development of urbanization construction, higher requirements are put forward for the function exertion of rivers, such as enhancing the self-repairing capability of the system on the basis of ensuring river structures of a river system for regulating and storing flood, stabilizing riverbeds and the like, improving the ecological function of the rivers, increasing the biological diversity, considering the landscape design and combining with regional human culture to realize human water and harmonious conditions and the like. Therefore, the river management is carried out for the problems and development requirements of the river system, and the optimization and promotion of the river structure and functions are achieved.
River regulation refers to the engineering and non-engineering measures taken to control and transform rivers. Under the current situation, the river management engineering is limited by the social organization management form, and aims at single function and structure, but ignores the integrity of the river system and the mutual influence and coordination among the structures and functions. Therefore, the cross section of the river is optimized and treated based on the comprehensive consideration of the structure and the function of the river system, the ecological function improvement and the environment optimization of the river are realized, the basic support is provided for improving the water system structure of the urbanized high-speed development area and perfecting the function of the river, and the reference is provided for river water system protection and regional flood control and disaster reduction in the urbanized area of China.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the method for optimizing the ecological space and improving the function of the river wetland provided by the invention considers the structure and the function of the river wetland as a whole, improves the water environment quality by ecologically dredging the river, improves the function of the ecological space of the river wetland, increases the biological diversity and improves the stability of the river.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the scheme provides a method for optimizing ecological space and improving functions of a river wetland, which comprises the following steps:
s1, determining the space structure of the current river, and analyzing the space structure of the current river to obtain the area proportion occupied by different river structures;
s2, determining the flow capacity of the river according to the area proportion occupied by the different river structures, the section shape and the river bottom longitudinal slope, and analyzing the flood discharge capacity of the current river according to the flow capacity and the runoff series measured historically;
s3, on the basis of the section of the river channel, taking an earthwork balance principle, the overflowing capacity and the flood discharge capacity as calculation bases, analyzing by using a dichotomy, respectively determining the excavation position, the excavation depth, the vertical dredging space and the dredging volume of the river channel, and optimizing the river beach wetland;
s4, analyzing the space structure area, the proportion condition and the ecological space variation of the river channel before and after optimization respectively, evaluating the ecological space optimization scheme of the river channel, and completing the ecological space optimization and function improvement of the river wetland.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention optimizes and governs the cross section of the river channel based on the comprehensive consideration of the structure and the function of the river system, realizes the promotion of the ecological function of the river and the optimization of the environment, and provides a basic support for improving the water system structure of the urbanized high-speed development area and perfecting the function of the river.
Further, the step S1 is to analyze the river space structure, and specifically includes: the river space structures with and without dikes were analyzed separately: the embankment river space structure comprises: the water area between the outer protecting dike lands of the dikes of the two banks of the river, the beach land, the main river groove, the dikes and the dike protecting lands; the embankment-free river space structure includes: the water area between the river two-bank buffer zone, the beach, the main river channel and the river bank zone.
The beneficial effects of the further scheme are as follows: and the range of various space structures of the river wetland is divided, and a foundation is laid for subsequent calculation.
Still further, the expression of the area ratio occupied by the different river structures in step S1 is as follows:
Figure BDA0002943838180000031
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,βijrepresenting the area proportion occupied by different river structures, AijThe areas of the different river structures are shown, and a represents the total area of the river structure.
The beneficial effects of the further scheme are as follows: the proportion of each structural area of the river wetland is obtained through calculation, so that the flow capacity of the river can be preliminarily judged.
Still further, the step S2 includes the steps of:
s201, determining the flow capacity of the river according to the area proportion occupied by the different river structures, the section shape and the river bottom longitudinal slope;
s202, arranging runoff series data from large to small according to the overflowing capacity and the historically measured runoff series to obtain experience frequency points;
s203, plotting the empirical frequency points, and obtaining flow values of each recurrence period according to the plotting result;
and S204, analyzing the flood discharge capacity of the current river according to the flow value of each recurrence period.
The beneficial effects of the further scheme are as follows: and calculating the flood discharge capacity of the current river under the conditions of different flood quantities according to the hydrological frequency so as to compare the flood discharge capacity with the optimized flood discharge capacity of the river.
Still further, the expression of the flow capacity of the river in the step S201 is as follows:
Figure BDA0002943838180000032
Figure BDA0002943838180000041
in the formula, Q represents the flow capacity of the river, A represents the total area of the river channel water section, C represents the competence coefficient, n represents the roughness, R represents the hydraulic radius, and i represents the river bottom longitudinal slope.
The beneficial effects of the further scheme are as follows: and obtaining the maximum water passing capacity of the river by using a river flow calculation formula.
Still further, the step S3 includes the steps of:
s301, setting a river channel excavation position on the basis of a river channel section, and determining an excavation depth, a dredging volume and a vertical dredging space by taking an earthwork balance principle and flood discharge capacity as calculation bases;
s302, taking flood carrying capacity as a limiting condition, analyzing whether the excavation position of a river channel, the excavation depth, the vertical dredging space, the dredging volume, the submerging time length of a beach and the water depth reach the optimized condition by using a dichotomy, if so, completing the optimization of the beach wetland, and entering the step S4, otherwise, returning to the step S301.
The beneficial effects of the further scheme are as follows: the river after optimization can meet the requirements that the flood-carrying capacity of the river channel is not reduced, the water level of the river channel is equal to the elevation of the beach when the river channel encounters flood for 2 years, and the ecological benefit of the beach is fully exerted while the flood-carrying capacity is ensured.
Further, in the step S301, the principle of earth balance is to balance the excavation amount and the fill amount during the comprehensive earth balance allocation, and the expression is as follows:
WS＝γwet+VTemperature i＝γBeach+VBeach i
In the formula, WSDenotes the mass of the soil after drying, gammaBeachDenotes the volume weight of the beach soil, gammaWetIndicates the volume weight of the river bottom soil, VBeach iIndicating the volume of the beach soil, VTemperature iIndicating the volume of the river bottom soil.
The beneficial effects of the further scheme are as follows: under the condition of ensuring the earth balance, the aim of minimum construction amount and most economy can be achieved.
Still further, the beach water flooding time length and the water depth in the step S302 are specifically: the time of the flood depth of greater than 20cm in the beach of the open water year is not less than 10 days, and the time of the flood depth of greater than 100cm is not more than 3 days.
The beneficial effects of the further scheme are as follows: so as to be beneficial to the functions of purification, aquatic animal and plant habitats, landscape, biological diversity and the like of the beach and improve the ecological function and the ecological service function of the river reach.
Still further, the ecological space change amount in the step S4 includes a change amount and a change rate of the channel structure area of the reconstructed channel according to the earthwork balance principle.
Still further, the expression of the variation of the river channel structure area is as follows:
ΔAij＝Ai1-Aij
in the formula,. DELTA.AijRepresents the amount of change in the structural area of the river, Ai1Indicating the structural area of the channel before alteration, AijRepresenting the changed structural area of the river channel;
the change rate gamma of the structural area of the river channelijThe expression of (a) is as follows:
Figure BDA0002943838180000051
the beneficial effects of the further scheme are as follows: the change of the structure area of the river channel before and after optimization can be analyzed and optimized quantitatively by adopting two indexes of the change quantity and the change rate of the structure area of the river channel.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows the current situation of the section of channel.
Fig. 3 shows the cross section of the channel after the ecological space is optimized.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined in the appended claims, and all matters produced by the invention using the inventive concept are protected.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a method for optimizing ecological space and improving functions of a river wetland, which comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring data information of a research area, determining the space structure of the current river, and analyzing the space structure of the current river to obtain the area proportion occupied by different river structures;
in this embodiment, first, field investigation and data collection are performed to obtain basic data such as a basic terrain cross-section condition and hydrologic-related data in a research area; determining the structure of the current river channel, evaluating the space structure of the river channel, and determining the area ratio of water areas, sandbars, beaches, main channels of the river channel, bank zones and the like.
In this embodiment, the river spatial structure is analyzed in consideration of the existence of river levees, and the existence of levees has a large influence on the river spatial structure, wherein the river spatial structure with levees mainly comprises a water area between outer levees of two levees, a beach, a river main trough, levees and levee protection lands; the space structure of the river channel without the embankment mainly comprises a water area between two bank buffer zones, a beach, a main channel of the river channel and a bank zone. Calculating according to the area proportion occupied by different river channel structures, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002943838180000061
in the formula, betaijIn proportion to different river structures, AijThe area of different river channel structures, A is the total area of the river channel structures.
S2, determining the flow capacity of the river according to the area proportion occupied by the different river structures, the section shape and the river bottom longitudinal slope, and analyzing the flood discharge capacity of the current river according to the flow capacity and the historically measured runoff series, wherein the implementation method comprises the following steps:
s201, determining the flow capacity of the river according to the area proportion occupied by the different river structures, the section shape and the river bottom longitudinal slope;
s202, arranging runoff series data from large to small according to the overflowing capacity and the historically measured runoff series to obtain experience frequency points;
s203, plotting the empirical frequency points, and obtaining flow values of each recurrence period according to the plotting result;
and S204, analyzing the flood discharge capacity of the current river according to the flow value of each recurrence period.
In the embodiment, the flow capacity of the river is determined according to the current river section condition; the flood capacity of different schemes of the river is calculated and analyzed when the river faces 20-year-meeting (flood frequency is 5%), 50-year-meeting (flood frequency is 2%) and 100-year-meeting (flood frequency is 1%) flood water.
In this embodiment, the calculation formula of the river channel flow capacity is as follows:
Figure BDA0002943838180000071
Figure BDA0002943838180000072
wherein A is the river channel water cross section area, C is the metabolic coefficient, n is the roughness, and R is the hydraulic radius; and i is a river bottom longitudinal slope, wherein the natural river course roughness n is 0.045, and the lining river course roughness n is 0.015.
In this embodiment, the flood frequency analysis and calculation process is as follows: arranging the series of data from large to small according to the historically measured runoff series, and calculating the empirical frequency of each value according to the following formula: mean value:
Figure BDA0002943838180000073
dispersion coefficient:
Figure BDA0002943838180000074
skewness coefficient:
Figure BDA0002943838180000075
wherein m represents the number of runoff series samples, XjRepresenting the jth sample in the runoff series to obtain the mean value of the seriesStatistical parameters such as dispersion coefficient and skewness coefficient, point drawing series of experience frequency points, line fitting according to the statistical parameters (a P-III type curve is generally adopted in China), and flow values of all reproduction periods are calculated according to line fitting results. The runoff rate when the frequency is 5% is met in 20 years, the runoff rate when the frequency is 2% is met in 50 years, and the runoff rate when the frequency is 1% is met in 100 years.
S3, on the basis of the section of the river channel, taking an earthwork balance principle, the flow capacity and the flood discharge capacity as calculation bases, analyzing by using a dichotomy, respectively determining the excavation position, the excavation depth, the vertical dredging space and the dredging volume of the river channel, and optimizing the river beach wetland, wherein the implementation method comprises the following steps:
s301, setting a river channel excavation position on the basis of a river channel section, and determining an excavation depth, a dredging volume and a vertical dredging space by taking an earthwork balance principle and flood discharge capacity as calculation bases;
s302, taking flood carrying capacity as a limiting condition, analyzing whether the excavation position of a river channel, the excavation depth, the vertical dredging space, the dredging volume, the submerging time length of a beach and the water depth reach the optimized condition by using a dichotomy, if so, completing the optimization of the beach wetland, and entering the step S4, otherwise, returning to the step S301.
In this embodiment, the principle of earth balance: the earthwork balancing means that the supply and demand balance of the excavation amount and the filling amount is carried out when the earthwork is comprehensively balanced and allocated after adjustment is carried out according to the construction elevation of the earthwork, the area of the excavated area and the earthwork amount of the excavated area and by considering various changing factors (such as the loosening amount, the compression ratio, the settlement amount and the like of the earthwork). The calculation formula adopts volume weight to calculate:
WS＝γwet+VTemperature i＝γBeach+VBeach i
In the formula, WSThe mass of the soil after drying; gamma rayBeachAnd gammaWetThe volume weight of the river beach and river bottom soil; vBeach iAnd VTemperature iThe volume of the river beach and river bottom soil is calculated by adopting a cutting method.
S4, analyzing the river channel space structure area, the occupation ratio condition and the ecological space change amount before and after optimization respectively, evaluating the river channel ecological space optimization scheme, and completing the ecological space optimization of the river wetland.
In this embodiment, the river channel spatial structure area, the proportion condition, and the ecological space change condition before and after optimization are analyzed, and the change condition of the shoal is emphasized, so that the river channel ecological space optimization scheme is evaluated and analyzed.
In this embodiment, the ecological space change amount calculation index includes a river channel structure change area and a change rate of a river channel reconstructed according to the earthwork balance principle, and the calculation formula is as follows:
ΔAij＝Ai1-Aij
Figure BDA0002943838180000081
in the formula,. DELTA.AijIs the variable quantity of the structural area of the river, Ai1To change the structural area of the river, AijFor altered structural area of the channel, gammaijThe change rate of the river channel structure.
The invention will be further explained by taking a section of a channel as an example.
The method comprises the following steps: the Cao river belongs to a large clear river system in the sea river basin, originates from Wuhui mountain (belonging to Tai xing mountain) in Yi county in Baoding city, and flows from northwest to southeast to Yixian county, low mountain and hilly area in Mancheng county to first village in Mancheng county. Originally, it is a branch of Xuhe river, in the canal town, from Cao river water in northwest, called the canal, and then, following the name of the canal, it flows into Fu river, and enters into algal lake. In recent years, due to the comprehensive influence of climate change and human activities, the section of the channel river is continuously reduced, the flood-carrying capacity is reduced, the ecological space of the channel is occupied, the ecological function is seriously degraded, the water quality is polluted, the water ecological environment is seriously damaged, and the like.
The method comprises the following steps: according to the actual examination and data collection, the current situation of a certain section of the canal is determined, as shown in fig. 2, firstly, the bank zone, secondly, the water area and thirdly, the river channel are shown. The length of the river channel is L, the total area of the river channel is a under the current situation, and the total area of the river channel is a under the current situationArea of water area a1In a ratio of
Figure BDA0002943838180000091
The beach area is a2In a ratio of
Figure BDA0002943838180000092
River channel area of a3In a ratio of
Figure BDA0002943838180000093
The area of the riparian zone is a4In a ratio of
Figure BDA0002943838180000094
Step two: simultaneously, the current situation flow capacity is determined to be v according to the actually measured river channel section and water depth, and the maximum flow capacity of the current situation section is determined to be vmaxV is obtained by analyzing and calculating flood frequency1Flood v in 50 years2Flood in 100 years is v3. According to the standards of the section of the canal and river, the river is determined to be in the first 50 years.
Step three: on the basis of the section of a natural river channel, the earthwork balance principle, the flood carrying capacity and the flood control standard are used as calculation bases, trial calculation analysis is carried out by adopting a dichotomy method, the excavation position of the river channel, the excavation depth, the vertical dredging space and the dredging volume are determined, and the beach wetland is optimized.
The width of the river channel is 1/2 (x)1) Determining the excavation depth H as the river excavation position by taking the earthwork balance principle and flood control standard meeting in 50 years as the calculation basis1Dredging volume VWet 1And the beach land submerging time length and the water depth, constructing the river beach wetland by dredging, and constructing a new river channel section structure by area, wherein the beach land submerging time length and the water depth are as follows: the time of the flood depth of greater than 20cm in the beach of the open water year is not less than 10 days, and the time of the flood depth of greater than 100cm is not more than 3 days. Evaluating and analyzing by taking the river flow capacity as a limiting condition, and if the river flow capacity is more than or equal to v2(flood control standards are met in 50 years); the optimization result is valid if the river passesFlow capacity ≤ v2(meeting flood control standards in 50 years), further optimization is needed, namely the river channel width 1/4 is used as a river channel excavation position, and the operation is repeated until a proper section position x is determinediDepth of excavation HiSo as to determine the volume V of the riverbank wetlandBeach iAnd area Aij。
Step four: suppose that the optimum position x for channel excavation is at channel width 1/42Determining the excavation depth H2And the dredging volume VWet 2The volume of the river beach wetland is VBeach 2And area A of each part2jThe optimized river section structure is determined as shown in fig. 3, firstly, the river bank zone, secondly, the water area, thirdly, the river channel, fourthly, the beach land, the total area after excavation is b, and the area of the water area under the current situation is b1In a ratio of
Figure BDA0002943838180000101
The beach area is b2In a ratio of
Figure BDA0002943838180000102
River channel area of b3In a ratio of
Figure BDA0002943838180000103
The area of the riparian zone is b4In a ratio of
Figure BDA0002943838180000104
Before optimization, the total area change of the river channel is b-a, and the area change of the water area is b1-a1The change amount of the beach area is b2-a2The change amount of the river channel area is b3-a3The change amount of the area of the riparian zone is b4-a4Wherein the variation of the river channel and the beach area is the largest: the river channel area is small, and the change rate of the river channel area is
Figure BDA0002943838180000105
The beach area is increased and the rate of change of beach area is
Figure BDA0002943838180000106
The section of the channel river after being optimized is changed from the original 'wide and shallow' river channel into a 'shoal deep channel' river channel, the area of the river beach is increased, the river shore wetland is effectively built, and the biological diversity and the reduction of river pollutants are facilitated. Meanwhile, under the condition of the same river channel overflowing capacity, the river channel area is small, the river water depth is increased, the requirements of more various aquatic organisms can be met, and the biological diversity is improved. Comprehensively, the ecological space optimization of the river wetland can better play the comprehensive functions of flood discharge and flood detention, water purification, environmental landscape, biodiversity and the like of the river wetland.

Claims (6)

1. A method for optimizing ecological space and improving functions of a river wetland is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, performing field investigation and data collection, determining the space structure of the current river, and analyzing the space structure of the current river to obtain the area proportion occupied by different river structures;
in step S1, analyzing the river space structure, specifically: the river space structures with and without dikes were analyzed separately: the embankment river space structure comprises: the water area between the outer protecting dike lands of the dikes of the two banks of the river, the beach land, the main river groove, the dikes and the dike protecting lands; the embankment-free river space structure includes: water areas, beaches, main river channels and river bank zones between the river bank buffer zones;
s2, determining the flow capacity of the river according to the area proportion occupied by the different river structures, the section shape and the river bottom longitudinal slope, and analyzing the flood discharge capacity of the current river according to the flow capacity and the runoff series measured historically;
the step S2 includes the steps of:
s201, determining the flow capacity of the river according to the area proportion occupied by the different river structures, the section shape and the river bottom longitudinal slope;
s202, arranging runoff series data from large to small according to the overflowing capacity and the historically measured runoff series to obtain experience frequency points;
s203, plotting the empirical frequency points, and obtaining flow values of each recurrence period according to the plotting result;
s204, analyzing the flood discharge capacity of the current river according to the flow value of each recurrence period;
s3, on the basis of the section of the river channel, taking an earthwork balance principle, flood carrying capacity and beach flooding duration and depth as calculation bases, analyzing by using a dichotomy method, respectively determining the excavation position of the river channel, the excavation depth, the vertical dredging space and the dredging volume, and optimizing the river beach wetland;
the step S3 includes the steps of:
s301, setting a river channel excavation position on the basis of a river channel section, and determining an excavation depth, a dredging volume and a vertical dredging space by taking an earthwork balance principle and flood discharge capacity as calculation bases;
s302, taking flood carrying capacity as a limiting condition, analyzing whether the excavation position, the excavation depth, the vertical dredging space, the dredging volume, the beach submerging time length and the water depth of a river channel reach the optimized condition by using a dichotomy method, if so, completing the optimization of the beach wetland, and entering the step S4, otherwise, returning to the step S301;
s4, analyzing the space structure area, the proportion condition and the ecological space variation of the river channel before and after optimization respectively, evaluating the ecological space optimization scheme of the river channel, and completing the ecological space optimization and function improvement of the river wetland.
2. The method for optimizing the ecological space and improving the functions of the river wetland according to claim 1, wherein the expression of the area ratio of the different river structures in the step S1 is as follows:
Figure FDA0003500003910000021
in the formula, betaijShowing the area proportion occupied by different river structures，AijThe areas of the different river structures are shown, and a represents the total area of the river structure.
3. The method for optimizing the ecological space and improving the function of the river wetland according to claim 1, wherein the expression of the river' S overflowing capacity in the step S201 is as follows:
Figure FDA0003500003910000022
Figure FDA0003500003910000023
in the formula, Q represents the flow capacity of the river, A represents the total area of the river channel water section, C represents the competence coefficient, n represents the roughness, R represents the hydraulic radius, and i represents the river bottom longitudinal slope.
4. The method for optimizing an ecological space and improving functions of a river wetland according to claim 1, wherein the beach flooding time and the water depth in step S302 are specifically: the time of the flood depth of greater than 20cm in the beach of the open water year is not less than 10 days, and the time of the flood depth of greater than 100cm is not more than 3 days.
5. The method for optimizing an ecological space and improving functions of a river wetland according to claim 1, wherein the amount of change of the ecological space in step S4 comprises an amount of change and a rate of change of a river structure area for reconstructing a river according to the principle of earth balance.
6. The method for optimizing the ecological space and improving the function of the river wetland according to claim 5, wherein the expression of the variation of the river structural area is as follows:
ΔAij＝Ail-Aij
in the formula,. DELTA.AijTo show the structural area of the riverAmount of change of (A)ilIndicating the structural area of the channel before alteration, AijRepresenting the changed structural area of the river channel;
the change rate gamma of the structural area of the river channelijThe expression of (a) is as follows:
Figure FDA0003500003910000031
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