CN112982273B - Ecological space optimization and function improvement method for river wetland - Google Patents

Ecological space optimization and function improvement method for river wetland Download PDF

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CN112982273B
CN112982273B CN202110187888.4A CN202110187888A CN112982273B CN 112982273 B CN112982273 B CN 112982273B CN 202110187888 A CN202110187888 A CN 202110187888A CN 112982273 B CN112982273 B CN 112982273B
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龚家国
王英
伊丽
田博
冶运涛
尚毅梓
秦韬
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China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种河流湿地的生态空间优化与功能提升方法，属于河流治理技术领域。确定与分析现状河流的空间结构，得到不同河流结构所占的面积比例；确定河流的过流能力，并分析现状河流的行洪能力；在河道的断面基础上，以土方平衡原理、行洪能力以及滩地淹水时长与深度为计算依据，利用二分法进行分析，分别确定河道开挖位置、开挖的深度、垂向清淤空间以及清淤体积，优化河滩湿地；分别分析优化前后河道空间结构面积、占比情况以及生态空间改变量，并对河道生态空间优化方案进行评价。本发明基于对河流系统结构和功能的综合考虑进行河流的断面的优化治理，实现河流生态功能提升和环境优化，为我国河流湿地修复保护与功能提升，及其区域防洪减灾提供参考。

Figure 202110187888

The invention provides a method for ecological space optimization and function improvement of river wetlands, belonging to the technical field of river governance. Determine and analyze the spatial structure of the current river, and obtain the area ratio of different river structures; determine the flow capacity of the river, and analyze the current river's flood discharge capacity; And the flooding time and depth of the floodplain are the calculation basis, and the dichotomy method is used for analysis to determine the channel excavation position, excavation depth, vertical dredging space and dredging volume, and optimize the river beach wetland; respectively analyze the channel space structure before and after optimization. Area, proportion and ecological space change, and evaluate the optimization plan of river ecological space. Based on the comprehensive consideration of the structure and function of the river system, the present invention optimizes and manages the section of the river, realizes the improvement of the ecological function of the river and the optimization of the environment, and provides a reference for the restoration, protection and function improvement of the river wetland in my country, and its regional flood control and disaster reduction.

Figure 202110187888

Description

Ecological space optimization and function improvement method for river wetland
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of river treatment, and particularly relates to an ecological space optimization and function improvement method for a river wetland.
Background
The river wetland system is an open system with a natural structure, ecological environment and economic society coupled with each other, and along with the development of the economic society, river functions are diversified, wherein the functions of water conservancy, shipping, ecological, historical culture, sewage containing, landscape and the like are particularly prominent. The function of the river wetland system is determined by the structure of the river wetland system, and all structures form interaction and coordinate operation to realize all functions of the river. Along with the aggravation of human activities and the development and progress of society, the water resource stress degree is aggravated, the problems of continuous reduction of river water passing sections, reduction of flood-carrying capacity, occupation of river ecological spaces, serious degradation of ecological functions, water environment pollution and the like are increasingly prominent, and the ecological benefits of the river wetland are difficult to fully exert. Meanwhile, under the large background of accelerated development of urbanization construction, higher requirements are put forward for the function exertion of rivers, such as enhancing the self-repairing capability of the system on the basis of ensuring river structures of a river system for regulating and storing flood, stabilizing riverbeds and the like, improving the ecological function of the rivers, increasing the biological diversity, considering the landscape design and combining with regional human culture to realize human water and harmonious conditions and the like. Therefore, the river management is carried out for the problems and development requirements of the river system, and the optimization and promotion of the river structure and functions are achieved.
River regulation refers to the engineering and non-engineering measures taken to control and transform rivers. Under the current situation, the river management engineering is limited by the social organization management form, and aims at single function and structure, but ignores the integrity of the river system and the mutual influence and coordination among the structures and functions. Therefore, the cross section of the river is optimized and treated based on the comprehensive consideration of the structure and the function of the river system, the ecological function improvement and the environment optimization of the river are realized, the basic support is provided for improving the water system structure of the urbanized high-speed development area and perfecting the function of the river, and the reference is provided for river water system protection and regional flood control and disaster reduction in the urbanized area of China.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the method for optimizing the ecological space and improving the function of the river wetland provided by the invention considers the structure and the function of the river wetland as a whole, improves the water environment quality by ecologically dredging the river, improves the function of the ecological space of the river wetland, increases the biological diversity and improves the stability of the river.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the scheme provides a method for optimizing ecological space and improving functions of a river wetland, which comprises the following steps:
s1, determining the space structure of the current river, and analyzing the space structure of the current river to obtain the area proportion occupied by different river structures;
s2, determining the flow capacity of the river according to the area proportion occupied by the different river structures, the section shape and the river bottom longitudinal slope, and analyzing the flood discharge capacity of the current river according to the flow capacity and the runoff series measured historically;
s3, on the basis of the section of the river channel, taking an earthwork balance principle, the overflowing capacity and the flood discharge capacity as calculation bases, analyzing by using a dichotomy, respectively determining the excavation position, the excavation depth, the vertical dredging space and the dredging volume of the river channel, and optimizing the river beach wetland;
s4, analyzing the space structure area, the proportion condition and the ecological space variation of the river channel before and after optimization respectively, evaluating the ecological space optimization scheme of the river channel, and completing the ecological space optimization and function improvement of the river wetland.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention optimizes and governs the cross section of the river channel based on the comprehensive consideration of the structure and the function of the river system, realizes the promotion of the ecological function of the river and the optimization of the environment, and provides a basic support for improving the water system structure of the urbanized high-speed development area and perfecting the function of the river.
Further, the step S1 is to analyze the river space structure, and specifically includes: the river space structures with and without dikes were analyzed separately: the embankment river space structure comprises: the water area between the outer protecting dike lands of the dikes of the two banks of the river, the beach land, the main river groove, the dikes and the dike protecting lands; the embankment-free river space structure includes: the water area between the river two-bank buffer zone, the beach, the main river channel and the river bank zone.
The beneficial effects of the further scheme are as follows: and the range of various space structures of the river wetland is divided, and a foundation is laid for subsequent calculation.
Still further, the expression of the area ratio occupied by the different river structures in step S1 is as follows:
Figure BDA0002943838180000031
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,βijrepresenting the area proportion occupied by different river structures, AijThe areas of the different river structures are shown, and a represents the total area of the river structure.
The beneficial effects of the further scheme are as follows: the proportion of each structural area of the river wetland is obtained through calculation, so that the flow capacity of the river can be preliminarily judged.
Still further, the step S2 includes the steps of:
s201, determining the flow capacity of the river according to the area proportion occupied by the different river structures, the section shape and the river bottom longitudinal slope;
s202, arranging runoff series data from large to small according to the overflowing capacity and the historically measured runoff series to obtain experience frequency points;
s203, plotting the empirical frequency points, and obtaining flow values of each recurrence period according to the plotting result;
and S204, analyzing the flood discharge capacity of the current river according to the flow value of each recurrence period.
The beneficial effects of the further scheme are as follows: and calculating the flood discharge capacity of the current river under the conditions of different flood quantities according to the hydrological frequency so as to compare the flood discharge capacity with the optimized flood discharge capacity of the river.
Still further, the expression of the flow capacity of the river in the step S201 is as follows:
Figure BDA0002943838180000032
Figure BDA0002943838180000041
in the formula, Q represents the flow capacity of the river, A represents the total area of the river channel water section, C represents the competence coefficient, n represents the roughness, R represents the hydraulic radius, and i represents the river bottom longitudinal slope.
The beneficial effects of the further scheme are as follows: and obtaining the maximum water passing capacity of the river by using a river flow calculation formula.
Still further, the step S3 includes the steps of:
s301, setting a river channel excavation position on the basis of a river channel section, and determining an excavation depth, a dredging volume and a vertical dredging space by taking an earthwork balance principle and flood discharge capacity as calculation bases;
s302, taking flood carrying capacity as a limiting condition, analyzing whether the excavation position of a river channel, the excavation depth, the vertical dredging space, the dredging volume, the submerging time length of a beach and the water depth reach the optimized condition by using a dichotomy, if so, completing the optimization of the beach wetland, and entering the step S4, otherwise, returning to the step S301.
The beneficial effects of the further scheme are as follows: the river after optimization can meet the requirements that the flood-carrying capacity of the river channel is not reduced, the water level of the river channel is equal to the elevation of the beach when the river channel encounters flood for 2 years, and the ecological benefit of the beach is fully exerted while the flood-carrying capacity is ensured.
Further, in the step S301, the principle of earth balance is to balance the excavation amount and the fill amount during the comprehensive earth balance allocation, and the expression is as follows:
WS＝γwet+VTemperature i＝γBeach+VBeach i
In the formula, WSDenotes the mass of the soil after drying, gammaBeachDenotes the volume weight of the beach soil, gammaWetIndicates the volume weight of the river bottom soil, VBeach iIndicating the volume of the beach soil, VTemperature iIndicating the volume of the river bottom soil.
The beneficial effects of the further scheme are as follows: under the condition of ensuring the earth balance, the aim of minimum construction amount and most economy can be achieved.
Still further, the beach water flooding time length and the water depth in the step S302 are specifically: the time of the flood depth of greater than 20cm in the beach of the open water year is not less than 10 days, and the time of the flood depth of greater than 100cm is not more than 3 days.
The beneficial effects of the further scheme are as follows: so as to be beneficial to the functions of purification, aquatic animal and plant habitats, landscape, biological diversity and the like of the beach and improve the ecological function and the ecological service function of the river reach.
Still further, the ecological space change amount in the step S4 includes a change amount and a change rate of the channel structure area of the reconstructed channel according to the earthwork balance principle.
Still further, the expression of the variation of the river channel structure area is as follows:
ΔAij＝Ai1-Aij
in the formula,. DELTA.AijRepresents the amount of change in the structural area of the river, Ai1Indicating the structural area of the channel before alteration, AijRepresenting the changed structural area of the river channel;
the change rate gamma of the structural area of the river channelijThe expression of (a) is as follows:
Figure BDA0002943838180000051
the beneficial effects of the further scheme are as follows: the change of the structure area of the river channel before and after optimization can be analyzed and optimized quantitatively by adopting two indexes of the change quantity and the change rate of the structure area of the river channel.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows the current situation of the section of channel.
Fig. 3 shows the cross section of the channel after the ecological space is optimized.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined in the appended claims, and all matters produced by the invention using the inventive concept are protected.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a method for optimizing ecological space and improving functions of a river wetland, which comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring data information of a research area, determining the space structure of the current river, and analyzing the space structure of the current river to obtain the area proportion occupied by different river structures;
in this embodiment, first, field investigation and data collection are performed to obtain basic data such as a basic terrain cross-section condition and hydrologic-related data in a research area; determining the structure of the current river channel, evaluating the space structure of the river channel, and determining the area ratio of water areas, sandbars, beaches, main channels of the river channel, bank zones and the like.
In this embodiment, the river spatial structure is analyzed in consideration of the existence of river levees, and the existence of levees has a large influence on the river spatial structure, wherein the river spatial structure with levees mainly comprises a water area between outer levees of two levees, a beach, a river main trough, levees and levee protection lands; the space structure of the river channel without the embankment mainly comprises a water area between two bank buffer zones, a beach, a main channel of the river channel and a bank zone. Calculating according to the area proportion occupied by different river channel structures, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002943838180000061
in the formula, betaijIn proportion to different river structures, AijThe area of different river channel structures, A is the total area of the river channel structures.
S2, determining the flow capacity of the river according to the area proportion occupied by the different river structures, the section shape and the river bottom longitudinal slope, and analyzing the flood discharge capacity of the current river according to the flow capacity and the historically measured runoff series, wherein the implementation method comprises the following steps:
s201, determining the flow capacity of the river according to the area proportion occupied by the different river structures, the section shape and the river bottom longitudinal slope;
s202, arranging runoff series data from large to small according to the overflowing capacity and the historically measured runoff series to obtain experience frequency points;
s203, plotting the empirical frequency points, and obtaining flow values of each recurrence period according to the plotting result;
and S204, analyzing the flood discharge capacity of the current river according to the flow value of each recurrence period.
In the embodiment, the flow capacity of the river is determined according to the current river section condition; the flood capacity of different schemes of the river is calculated and analyzed when the river faces 20-year-meeting (flood frequency is 5%), 50-year-meeting (flood frequency is 2%) and 100-year-meeting (flood frequency is 1%) flood water.
In this embodiment, the calculation formula of the river channel flow capacity is as follows:
Figure BDA0002943838180000071
Figure BDA0002943838180000072
wherein A is the river channel water cross section area, C is the metabolic coefficient, n is the roughness, and R is the hydraulic radius; and i is a river bottom longitudinal slope, wherein the natural river course roughness n is 0.045, and the lining river course roughness n is 0.015.
In this embodiment, the flood frequency analysis and calculation process is as follows: arranging the series of data from large to small according to the historically measured runoff series, and calculating the empirical frequency of each value according to the following formula: mean value:
Figure BDA0002943838180000073
dispersion coefficient:
Figure BDA0002943838180000074
skewness coefficient:
Figure BDA0002943838180000075
wherein m represents the number of runoff series samples, XjRepresenting the jth sample in the runoff series to obtain the mean value of the seriesStatistical parameters such as dispersion coefficient and skewness coefficient, point drawing series of experience frequency points, line fitting according to the statistical parameters (a P-III type curve is generally adopted in China), and flow values of all reproduction periods are calculated according to line fitting results. The runoff rate when the frequency is 5% is met in 20 years, the runoff rate when the frequency is 2% is met in 50 years, and the runoff rate when the frequency is 1% is met in 100 years.
S3, on the basis of the section of the river channel, taking an earthwork balance principle, the flow capacity and the flood discharge capacity as calculation bases, analyzing by using a dichotomy, respectively determining the excavation position, the excavation depth, the vertical dredging space and the dredging volume of the river channel, and optimizing the river beach wetland, wherein the implementation method comprises the following steps:
s301, setting a river channel excavation position on the basis of a river channel section, and determining an excavation depth, a dredging volume and a vertical dredging space by taking an earthwork balance principle and flood discharge capacity as calculation bases;
s302, taking flood carrying capacity as a limiting condition, analyzing whether the excavation position of a river channel, the excavation depth, the vertical dredging space, the dredging volume, the submerging time length of a beach and the water depth reach the optimized condition by using a dichotomy, if so, completing the optimization of the beach wetland, and entering the step S4, otherwise, returning to the step S301.
In this embodiment, the principle of earth balance: the earthwork balancing means that the supply and demand balance of the excavation amount and the filling amount is carried out when the earthwork is comprehensively balanced and allocated after adjustment is carried out according to the construction elevation of the earthwork, the area of the excavated area and the earthwork amount of the excavated area and by considering various changing factors (such as the loosening amount, the compression ratio, the settlement amount and the like of the earthwork). The calculation formula adopts volume weight to calculate:
WS＝γwet+VTemperature i＝γBeach+VBeach i
In the formula, WSThe mass of the soil after drying; gamma rayBeachAnd gammaWetThe volume weight of the river beach and river bottom soil; vBeach iAnd VTemperature iThe volume of the river beach and river bottom soil is calculated by adopting a cutting method.
S4, analyzing the river channel space structure area, the occupation ratio condition and the ecological space change amount before and after optimization respectively, evaluating the river channel ecological space optimization scheme, and completing the ecological space optimization of the river wetland.
In this embodiment, the river channel spatial structure area, the proportion condition, and the ecological space change condition before and after optimization are analyzed, and the change condition of the shoal is emphasized, so that the river channel ecological space optimization scheme is evaluated and analyzed.
In this embodiment, the ecological space change amount calculation index includes a river channel structure change area and a change rate of a river channel reconstructed according to the earthwork balance principle, and the calculation formula is as follows:
ΔAij＝Ai1-Aij
Figure BDA0002943838180000081
in the formula,. DELTA.AijIs the variable quantity of the structural area of the river, Ai1To change the structural area of the river, AijFor altered structural area of the channel, gammaijThe change rate of the river channel structure.
The invention will be further explained by taking a section of a channel as an example.
The method comprises the following steps: the Cao river belongs to a large clear river system in the sea river basin, originates from Wuhui mountain (belonging to Tai xing mountain) in Yi county in Baoding city, and flows from northwest to southeast to Yixian county, low mountain and hilly area in Mancheng county to first village in Mancheng county. Originally, it is a branch of Xuhe river, in the canal town, from Cao river water in northwest, called the canal, and then, following the name of the canal, it flows into Fu river, and enters into algal lake. In recent years, due to the comprehensive influence of climate change and human activities, the section of the channel river is continuously reduced, the flood-carrying capacity is reduced, the ecological space of the channel is occupied, the ecological function is seriously degraded, the water quality is polluted, the water ecological environment is seriously damaged, and the like.
The method comprises the following steps: according to the actual examination and data collection, the current situation of a certain section of the canal is determined, as shown in fig. 2, firstly, the bank zone, secondly, the water area and thirdly, the river channel are shown. The length of the river channel is L, the total area of the river channel is a under the current situation, and the total area of the river channel is a under the current situationArea of water area a1In a ratio of
Figure BDA0002943838180000091
The beach area is a2In a ratio of
Figure BDA0002943838180000092
River channel area of a3In a ratio of
Figure BDA0002943838180000093
The area of the riparian zone is a4In a ratio of
Figure BDA0002943838180000094
Step two: simultaneously, the current situation flow capacity is determined to be v according to the actually measured river channel section and water depth, and the maximum flow capacity of the current situation section is determined to be vmaxV is obtained by analyzing and calculating flood frequency1Flood v in 50 years2Flood in 100 years is v3. According to the standards of the section of the canal and river, the river is determined to be in the first 50 years.
Step three: on the basis of the section of a natural river channel, the earthwork balance principle, the flood carrying capacity and the flood control standard are used as calculation bases, trial calculation analysis is carried out by adopting a dichotomy method, the excavation position of the river channel, the excavation depth, the vertical dredging space and the dredging volume are determined, and the beach wetland is optimized.
The width of the river channel is 1/2 (x)1) Determining the excavation depth H as the river excavation position by taking the earthwork balance principle and flood control standard meeting in 50 years as the calculation basis1Dredging volume VWet 1And the beach land submerging time length and the water depth, constructing the river beach wetland by dredging, and constructing a new river channel section structure by area, wherein the beach land submerging time length and the water depth are as follows: the time of the flood depth of greater than 20cm in the beach of the open water year is not less than 10 days, and the time of the flood depth of greater than 100cm is not more than 3 days. Evaluating and analyzing by taking the river flow capacity as a limiting condition, and if the river flow capacity is more than or equal to v2(flood control standards are met in 50 years); the optimization result is valid if the river passesFlow capacity ≤ v2(meeting flood control standards in 50 years), further optimization is needed, namely the river channel width 1/4 is used as a river channel excavation position, and the operation is repeated until a proper section position x is determinediDepth of excavation HiSo as to determine the volume V of the riverbank wetlandBeach iAnd area Aij。
Step four: suppose that the optimum position x for channel excavation is at channel width 1/42Determining the excavation depth H2And the dredging volume VWet 2The volume of the river beach wetland is VBeach 2And area A of each part2jThe optimized river section structure is determined as shown in fig. 3, firstly, the river bank zone, secondly, the water area, thirdly, the river channel, fourthly, the beach land, the total area after excavation is b, and the area of the water area under the current situation is b1In a ratio of
Figure BDA0002943838180000101
The beach area is b2In a ratio of
Figure BDA0002943838180000102
River channel area of b3In a ratio of
Figure BDA0002943838180000103
The area of the riparian zone is b4In a ratio of
Figure BDA0002943838180000104
Before optimization, the total area change of the river channel is b-a, and the area change of the water area is b1-a1The change amount of the beach area is b2-a2The change amount of the river channel area is b3-a3The change amount of the area of the riparian zone is b4-a4Wherein the variation of the river channel and the beach area is the largest: the river channel area is small, and the change rate of the river channel area is
Figure BDA0002943838180000105
The beach area is increased and the rate of change of beach area is
Figure BDA0002943838180000106
The section of the channel river after being optimized is changed from the original 'wide and shallow' river channel into a 'shoal deep channel' river channel, the area of the river beach is increased, the river shore wetland is effectively built, and the biological diversity and the reduction of river pollutants are facilitated. Meanwhile, under the condition of the same river channel overflowing capacity, the river channel area is small, the river water depth is increased, the requirements of more various aquatic organisms can be met, and the biological diversity is improved. Comprehensively, the ecological space optimization of the river wetland can better play the comprehensive functions of flood discharge and flood detention, water purification, environmental landscape, biodiversity and the like of the river wetland.

Claims (6)

1.一种河流湿地的生态空间优化与功能提升方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：1. a method for ecological space optimization and function improvement of a river wetland, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: S1、进行实地考察和资料收集，确定现状河流的空间结构，并对所述现状河流的空间结构进行分析，得到不同河流结构所占的面积比例；S1. Conduct on-the-spot investigation and data collection, determine the spatial structure of the current river, and analyze the spatial structure of the current river to obtain the area proportions occupied by different river structures; 所述步骤S1中对河流空间结构进行分析，其具体为：分别对有堤防和无堤防的河流空间结构进行分析：所述有堤防的河流空间结构包括：河流两岸堤防外护堤地之间的水域、滩地、河流主槽、堤防及护堤地；所述无堤防的河流空间结构包括：河流两岸缓冲带之间水域、滩地、河流主槽及河岸带；In the step S1, the spatial structure of the river is analyzed, which is specifically: analyzing the spatial structure of the river with dikes and without dikes respectively: the spatial structure of the river with dikes includes: the space between the dikes and the dikes on both sides of the river. Waters, floodlands, river main troughs, embankments and berms; the river spatial structure without embankments includes: waters, floodplains, river main troughs and riparian zones between buffer zones on both sides of the river; S2、根据所述不同河流结构所占的面积比例、断面形状和河底纵坡确定河流的过流能力，并根据所述过流能力以及历史实测的径流系列分析现状河流的行洪能力；S2, determine the flow capacity of the river according to the area ratio, cross-sectional shape and longitudinal slope of the river bottom occupied by the different river structures, and analyze the flood discharge capacity of the current river according to the flow capacity and the historically measured runoff series; 所述步骤S2包括以下步骤：The step S2 includes the following steps: S201、根据所述不同河流结构所占的面积比例、断面形状和河底纵坡确定河流的过流能力；S201, determining the flow capacity of the river according to the area ratio, cross-sectional shape and longitudinal slope of the river bottom occupied by the different river structures; S202、根据所述过流能力以及历史实测的径流系列，将径流系列资料从大到小排列，得到经验频率点；S202, according to the flow capacity and the historically measured runoff series, arrange the runoff series data from large to small to obtain empirical frequency points; S203、点绘所述经验频率点，并根据点绘结果得到各个重现期的流量值；S203, plotting the empirical frequency points, and obtaining the flow values of each recurrence period according to the plotting results; S204、根据所述各个重现期的流量值分析现状河流的行洪能力；S204, analyzing the flood discharge capacity of the current river according to the flow value of each return period; S3、在河道的断面基础上，以土方平衡原理、行洪能力以及滩地淹水时长与深度为计算依据，利用二分法进行分析，分别确定河道开挖位置、开挖的深度、垂向清淤空间以及清淤体积，优化河滩湿地；S3. On the basis of the cross-section of the channel, based on the principle of earthwork balance, flood-carrying capacity, and the flooding duration and depth of the beach, the dichotomy method is used for analysis to determine the channel excavation position, excavation depth, and vertical dredging. Space and dredging volume to optimize river beach wetlands; 所述步骤S3包括以下步骤：The step S3 includes the following steps: S301、在河道断面基础上设置河道开挖位置，以土方平衡原理以及行洪能力为计算依据确定开挖深度、清淤体积和垂向清淤空间；S301. Set the channel excavation position on the basis of the channel section, and determine the excavation depth, dredging volume and vertical dredging space based on the principle of earthwork balance and flood discharge capacity; S302、以行洪能力作为限定条件，利用二分法进行分析河道开挖位置、开挖的深度、垂向清淤空间、清淤体积以及滩地淹水时间长度与水深是否达到优化条件，若是，则完成对河滩湿地的优化，并进入步骤S4，否则，返回步骤S301；S302. Using the flood-carrying capacity as the limiting condition, use the dichotomy method to analyze whether the channel excavation position, excavation depth, vertical dredging space, dredging volume, and flooding time length and water depth of the beach meet the optimal conditions. If so, then Complete the optimization of the river beach wetland, and go to step S4, otherwise, return to step S301; S4、分别分析优化前后河道空间结构面积、占比情况以及生态空间改变量，并对河道生态空间优化方案进行评价，完成河流湿地的生态空间优化与功能提升。S4. Analyze the river channel spatial structure area, proportion and ecological space change before and after optimization respectively, and evaluate the river channel ecological space optimization plan to complete the ecological space optimization and function improvement of the river wetland. 2.根据权利要求1所述的河流湿地的生态空间优化与功能提升方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S1中不同河流结构所占的面积比例的表达式如下：2. The ecological space optimization and function improvement method of river wetland according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the expression of the area ratio occupied by different river structures in described step S1 is as follows:
Figure FDA0003500003910000021
Figure FDA0003500003910000021
 式中，βij表示不同河流结构所占的面积比例，Aij表示不同河流结构的面积，A表示河流结构总面积。In the formula, β ij represents the area proportion of different river structures, A ij represents the area of different river structures, and A represents the total area of river structures. 3.根据权利要求1所述的河流湿地的生态空间优化与功能提升方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S201中河流的过流能力的表达式如下：3. The ecological space optimization and function improvement method of river wetland according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the expression of the flow capacity of river in described step S201 is as follows:
Figure FDA0003500003910000022
Figure FDA0003500003910000022
Figure FDA0003500003910000023
Figure FDA0003500003910000023
 式中，Q表示河流的过流能力，A表示河道过水断面总面积，C表示谢才系数，n表示糙率，R表示水力半径，i表示河底纵坡。In the formula, Q is the flow capacity of the river, A is the total cross-sectional area of the river, C is the Xiecai coefficient, n is the roughness, R is the hydraulic radius, and i is the longitudinal slope of the river bottom. 4.根据权利要求1所述的河流湿地的生态空间优化与功能提升方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S302中滩地淹水时间长度与水深具体为：平水年滩地淹水深度大于20cm的时间不少于10天，淹水深度大于100cm的时间不超过3天。4. The ecological space optimization and function improvement method of river wetland according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step S302, the flooded time length and water depth of the flooded land are specifically: the flooded depth of flooded land in a flat water year is not longer than 20cm. Less than 10 days, and the flooding depth is greater than 100cm for no more than 3 days. 5.根据权利要求1所述的河流湿地的生态空间优化与功能提升方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S4中生态空间改变量包括根据土方平衡原理重新构建河道的河道结构面积的变化量以及变化率。5. The method for ecological space optimization and function enhancement of river wetlands according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the step S4, the amount of change in ecological space includes the amount of change and the amount of change in the area of the river channel structure that reconstructs the river channel according to the principle of earthwork balance. Rate. 6.根据权利要求5所述的河流湿地的生态空间优化与功能提升方法，其特征在于，所述河道结构面积的变化量的表达式如下：6. The ecological space optimization and function improvement method of river wetland according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the expression of the change amount of described river course structure area is as follows: ΔAij＝Ail-Aij ΔA ij =A il -A ij 式中，ΔAij表示河道结构面积的变化量，Ail表示改变前的河道结构面积，Aij表示改变后的河道结构面积；In the formula, ΔA ij represents the change of the channel structure area, A il represents the river channel structure area before the change, and A ij represents the river channel structure area after the change; 所述河道结构面积的变化率γij的表达式如下：The expression of the rate of change γ ij of the channel structure area is as follows:
Figure FDA0003500003910000031
Figure FDA0003500003910000031
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