CN112981217A - Production process of nickel-saving high-strength austenitic stainless steel - Google Patents
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- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
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- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0081—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for slabs; for billets
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
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- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
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- C25F1/00—Electrolytic cleaning, degreasing, pickling or descaling
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Abstract
The invention discloses a production process of nickel-saving high-strength austenitic stainless steel, which achieves the purpose of saving nickel by replacing part of nickel elements with manganese, nitrogen and copper, and achieves the purpose of producing high-strength austenitic stainless steel which is more economical and has performance more in line with actual requirements by matching elements and optimizing time and temperature in the production process. The key points of the technical scheme are as follows: the method comprises the following steps: firstly, preheating a steel ladle; then, the working procedures of electric furnace smelting, AOD refining, LF furnace refining and continuous casting are sequentially carried out, slag containing alloy elements of Cr, Mn, Ni and Cu is added in the AOD refining working procedure for blowing, each element is adjusted to a target component range, and the target component content is more accurate through the LF furnace refining; the performance of the steel billet is also improved through the annealing and pickling processes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metal smelting, in particular to a production process of nickel-saving high-strength austenitic stainless steel.
Background
In recent years, stainless steel has been widely used in various industrial fields and daily life due to its superior properties. In recent years, the price of nickel metal rises globally, and the supply of metal nickel resources in China is gradually reduced.
High nitrogen steel is a new steel material, the strength, toughness and corrosion resistance of the steel are improved mainly by alloying nitrogen, and the high nitrogen steel replaces precious metal elements (such as nickel) to reduce the cost. Among them, the research of nitrogen alloying in austenitic steel becomes a hot spot, which arouses high importance and carries out extensive research at home and abroad, especially in high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel, and the research and development of the mechanical property and the corrosion resistance of the high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel have great significance for the development of new generation steel materials.
The high-strength austenitic stainless steel not only ensures excellent low-temperature strength and ductility and toughness, better cold processing core stalk, but also ensures higher corrosion resistance, but the existing austenitic stainless steel production process still has more defects, the nickel content is too high, the production cost is not nearly increased, and the high-strength austenitic stainless steel has certain toxicity; the improper control of the chromium equivalent and the nickel equivalent easily causes a certain amount of high-temperature ferrite structure to exist in the material under the high-temperature state, and influences the high-temperature thermoplasticity of the material; in addition, the problems of over-high hardness of the material, uneven structure, poor yield and tensile properties, poor surface quality and the like exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a production process of nickel-saving high-strength austenitic stainless steel, which achieves the purpose of saving nickel by replacing part of nickel elements with manganese, nitrogen and copper, and achieves the purpose of producing high-strength austenitic stainless steel which is more economical and has performance more in line with actual requirements by optimizing element proportion and time and temperature in the production process.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the production process of the nickel-saving high-strength austenitic stainless steel comprises the following steps:
1) cleaning residues in a steel ladle, and heating the steel ladle to a temperature not lower than 800 ℃;
2) electric furnace smelting
2.1) the C content of the electric furnace is more than 1 percent, the Si content is more than 1 percent, the P content in the ingredients is less than 0.05 percent, and the binary alkalinity of the final slag is controlled between 1.4 and 1.7;
2.2) melting the furnace burden of the electric furnace completely, wherein the tapping temperature is more than or equal to 1600 ℃;
3) AOD refining
3.1) carrying out slag skimming treatment on the molten steel, adding the molten steel into an AOD furnace after slag skimming, sampling and analyzing components, and measuring the temperature of the molten steel;
3.2) decarbonizing the molten steel during the aging treatment, adding slag in batches during the decarbonization, adjusting the oxygen-nitrogen ratio, and blowing the molten steel to raise the temperature to 1650-1680 ℃;
3.3) the slag material in the above step contains alloy elements Cr, Mn, Ni and Cu, the amount of different alloy elements to be added is determined according to the real-time analysis result in the converting process, and each element is adjusted to the following target components:
3.4) if the oxide of a certain element is too much and does not reach the target component in the step 3.3), adding a reducing agent into the AOD furnace to reduce the oxide of the element into a simple substance of the element, baking the reducing agent before adding the reducing agent, and tapping when the component meets the control requirement;
3.5) controlling the thickness of the steel slag to be 150-250mm, wherein the total slag amount is less than 3 tons, and the free space of the steel ladle is more than 300 mm.
4) Refining in LF furnace
4.1) inspecting the electrode tip before molten steel enters the LF furnace, wherein the electrode tip needs to be knocked off in time when the electrode tip is broken, and the electrode tip is avoided when feeding;
4.2) introducing argon after the steel ladle enters an LF station and stirring the molten steel to break a slag shell;
4.3) measuring the temperature of the molten steel, adjusting the flow of argon, electrifying the LF for 5 minutes, then sampling and analyzing, and adjusting components to the target components mentioned in the step 3.3) according to the analysis result;
4.4) adjusting the alkalinity and the fluidity of the slag in the power transmission process of the LF furnace according to the slag condition, adding silicon calcium powder for diffusion deoxidation in each electrifying process, adding a small amount of silicon calcium powder for multiple times, keeping the reducing atmosphere in the ladle, and adding the silicon calcium powder according to the amount of 0.5-1 kg per ton of steel;
4.5) after the LF furnace refining is finished, carrying out soft blowing and calming operation, adjusting argon flow to enable the slag surface to slightly move, adding 3-5 bags of carbonized rice hulls into a ladle before continuous casting, and uniformly paving the carbonized rice hulls on the slag surface;
5) continuous casting
5.1) controlling the pouring temperature of the tundish at 1445-1450 ℃, controlling the target pulling speed at 1.7m/min and controlling the insertion depth of a water gap at 100 mm;
5.2) controlling the water quantity of the crystallizer at 100 cubic meters per hour;
and 5.3) carrying out stainless steel square billet standard on the cooling and grinding of the steel billet.
Compared with the prior art, the production process of the nickel-saving high-strength austenitic stainless steel adopting the technical scheme has the following beneficial effects:
firstly, compared with the traditional stainless steel, the Ni element of the stainless steel obtained by the scheme is properly reduced, and simultaneously, austenite phase forming elements such as Mn, N and the like are properly added, so that the stainless steel produced by the scheme has an austenite structure similar to that of SUS304 stainless steel.
And secondly, the high Cr content and the low other impurity elements can ensure good corrosion resistance under a specific use environment.
And thirdly, the addition of Cu is beneficial to improving the cold processing performance of the steel, and the application field of the steel grade is further widened.
Preferably, in step 3.3) of step 3), the elements are adjusted to the following target compositions:
preferably, step 6) is added after step 5): the steel billet is annealed, the annealing temperature is controlled to be 1080 +/-20 ℃, the annealing time is controlled to be 40 +/-5 s/mm, and the annealing treatment can eliminate the tissue defects, improve the tissue, refine the grains, reduce the material hardness, optimize the yield and tensile properties and improve the processing performance.
Preferably, step 7) is added after step 6): the billet is pickled by using mixed acid, the components of the mixed acid comprise nitric acid with the concentration of 120 g.L < -1 > and hydrofluoric acid with the concentration of 20 g.L < -1 >, and the mixed acid with the proportion can obtain better pickling surface quality, so that the surface of the billet is more uniform.
Preferably, an electrolysis step is added in the acid washing process of the step 7), sodium sulfate is adopted as electrolyte, and the electrolysis current is controlled to be 4000-3500 A.dm-3In the range of (1), the pH value of the electrolyte is controlled within the range of 3-5, and the electric current is controlled within the range of 4000-3500 A.dm-3Within the range, the surface pickling quality is good, the color is uniform, the phenomena of acid deficiency and peracid are prevented, and the electrode plate can be prevented from being corroded when the pH value is within the range of 3-5.
Preferably, in the step 3), the slag is encapsulated by using spherical containers made of stainless steel, the thickness of each spherical container is 0.5-2CM, each spherical container encapsulates the same alloy element with specific mass, the spherical containers are directly added into the molten steel when the slag is added, and the slag of each element can be spread in the molten steel by the feeding mode, so that the uniformity of the structure is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of an embodiment of a process for producing a nickel-saving high strength austenitic stainless steel according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the spherical container in this embodiment.
Reference numerals: 1. a spherical container; 2. and (4) slag charge.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The production process of the nickel-saving high-strength austenitic stainless steel shown in figures 1 to 2 comprises the following steps:
1) cleaning residues in a steel ladle, and heating the steel ladle to 850 ℃;
2) electric furnace smelting
2.1) the C content of the electric furnace is 1.3 percent, the Si content is 1.1 percent, the P content in the ingredients is 0.03 percent, and the binary alkalinity of the final slag is controlled to be 1.5;
2.2) melting the furnace burden of the electric furnace completely, wherein the tapping temperature is more than or equal to 1600 ℃;
3) AOD refining
3.1) carrying out slag skimming treatment on the molten steel, adding the molten steel into an AOD furnace after slag skimming, sampling and analyzing components, and measuring the temperature of the molten steel;
3.2) decarbonizing the molten steel during the aging treatment, adding slag 2 into the molten steel in batches during the decarbonization, adjusting the oxygen-nitrogen ratio, and blowing the molten steel to raise the temperature to 1665 ℃;
3.3) the slag 2 in the above steps contains alloy elements Cr, Mn, Ni and Cu, the slag 2 is packaged by using spherical containers 1 made of stainless steel, the thickness of the spherical container 1 is 0.5CM, each spherical container 1 is packaged with the same alloy element with specific mass, the amount of different alloy elements to be added is determined according to a real-time analysis result in the converting process (namely, a certain number of spherical containers 1 are put into molten steel, for example, if the analysis result shows that the Mn element is 0.05 percent different from a target value, a spherical container 1 filled with the Mn slag 2 is put into the molten steel), and each element is adjusted to the following target components:
3.4) if the oxide of a certain element is too much and does not reach the target component in the step 3.3), adding a reducing agent into the AOD furnace to reduce the oxide of the element into a simple substance of the element, baking the reducing agent before adding the reducing agent, and tapping when the component meets the control requirement;
3.5) controlling the thickness of the steel slag to be 200mm, controlling the total slag amount to be 2.8 tons, and controlling the free space of a steel ladle to be more than 300 mm.
4) Refining in LF furnace
4.1) inspecting the electrode tip before molten steel enters the LF furnace, wherein the electrode tip needs to be knocked off in time when the electrode tip is broken, and the electrode tip is avoided when feeding;
4.2) introducing argon after the steel ladle enters an LF station and stirring the molten steel to break a slag shell;
4.3) measuring the temperature of the molten steel, adjusting the flow of argon, electrifying the LF for 5 minutes, then sampling and analyzing, and adjusting components to the target components mentioned in the step 3.3) according to the analysis result;
4.4) adjusting the alkalinity and the fluidity of the slag in the power transmission process of the LF furnace according to the slag condition, adding silicon calcium powder for diffusion deoxidation in each electrifying process, adding a small amount of silicon calcium powder for multiple times, keeping the reducing atmosphere in the ladle, and referring to the adding amount of 0.5-1 kg/ton steel;
4.5) after the LF furnace refining is finished, carrying out soft blowing and calming operation, adjusting argon flow to enable the slag surface to slightly move, adding 3-5 bags of carbonized rice hulls into a ladle before continuous casting, and uniformly paving the carbonized rice hulls on the slag surface;
5) continuous casting
5.1) controlling the pouring temperature of the tundish at 1445-1450 ℃, controlling the target pulling speed at 1.7m/min and controlling the insertion depth of a water gap at 100 mm;
5.2) controlling the water quantity of the crystallizer at 100 cubic meters per hour;
and 5.3) carrying out stainless steel square billet standard on the cooling and grinding of the steel billet.
6) Annealing the steel billet, wherein the annealing temperature is controlled to be 1080 +/-20 ℃, and the annealing time is controlled to be 40 +/-5 s/mm;
7) acid washing: the acid washing mode is sodium sulfate electrolysis and mixed acid (NHO)3+ HF', the electrolytic current is controlled at 4000-3500 A.dm-3Within the range of (1), control electricityThe pH value of the electrolyte is within the range of 3-5, and the components of the mixed acid comprise 120 g.L-1Nitric acid and a concentration of 20 g.L-1And (3) hydrofluoric acid.
The foregoing is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the principles of the invention, and these should be considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A production process of nickel-saving high-strength austenitic stainless steel is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) cleaning residues in a steel ladle, and heating the steel ladle to a temperature not lower than 800 ℃;
2) electric furnace smelting
2.1) the C content of the electric furnace is more than 1 percent, the Si content is more than 1 percent, the P content in the ingredients is less than 0.05 percent, and the binary alkalinity of the final slag is controlled between 1.4 and 1.7;
2.2) melting the furnace burden of the electric furnace completely, wherein the tapping temperature is more than or equal to 1600 ℃;
3) AOD refining
3.1) carrying out slag skimming on the molten steel, adding the slag skimming-processed molten steel into an AOD furnace, taking part of a molten steel sample to analyze components, and measuring the temperature of the molten steel;
3.2) decarbonizing the molten steel during the aging treatment, adding slag in batches during the decarbonization, adjusting the oxygen-nitrogen ratio, and blowing the molten steel to raise the temperature to 1650-1680 ℃;
3.3) the slag charge in the above step contains alloy elements Cr, Mn, Ni and Cu, the amount of different alloy elements to be added is determined according to the real-time analysis result in the converting process, and each element is adjusted to the following target components:
3.4) if the oxide of a certain element is too much and does not reach the target component in the step 3.3), adding a reducing agent into the AOD furnace to reduce the oxide of the element into a simple substance of the element, baking the reducing agent before adding the reducing agent, and tapping when the component meets the control requirement;
3.5) controlling the thickness of the steel slag to be 150-250mm, wherein the total slag amount is less than 3 tons, and the free space of the steel ladle is more than 300 mm.
4) Refining in LF furnace
4.1) inspecting the electrode tip before molten steel enters the LF furnace, wherein the electrode tip needs to be knocked off in time when the electrode tip is broken, and the electrode tip is avoided when feeding;
4.2) introducing argon after the steel ladle enters an LF station and stirring the molten steel to break a slag shell;
4.3) measuring the temperature of the molten steel, adjusting the flow of argon, electrifying the LF for 5 minutes, then sampling and analyzing, and adjusting components to the target components mentioned in the step 3.3) according to the analysis result;
4.4) adjusting the alkalinity and the fluidity of the slag in the power transmission process of the LF furnace according to the slag condition, adding calcium silicate powder for diffusion deoxidation in each electrifying process, and keeping the reducing atmosphere in the ladle, wherein the adding amount is 0.5-1 kg/ton steel;
4.5) after the LF furnace refining is finished, carrying out soft blowing and calming operation, adjusting argon flow to enable the slag surface to slightly move, adding 3-5 bags of carbonized rice hulls into a ladle before continuous casting, and uniformly paving the carbonized rice hulls on the slag surface;
5) continuous casting
5.1) controlling the pouring temperature of the tundish at 1445-1450 ℃, controlling the target casting speed at 1.7m/min and controlling the insertion depth of a water gap at 100 mm;
5.2) controlling the water quantity of the crystallizer at 100 cubic meters per hour;
and 5.3) carrying out stainless steel square billet standard on the cooling and grinding of the steel billet.
2. The process for producing a nickel-saving high-strength austenitic stainless steel according to claim 1, wherein, in step 3.3) of the process 3), the respective elements are adjusted to the following target compositions:
3. the process for producing a nickel-saving high-strength austenitic stainless steel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by adding step 6) after step 5):
6) annealing the steel billet, wherein the annealing temperature is controlled to be 1080 +/-20 ℃, and the annealing time is controlled to be 40 +/-5 s/mm.
4. The process for producing a nickel-saving high-strength austenitic stainless steel according to claim 3, wherein the step 7) is added after the step 6):
7) acid washing: pickling a steel billet by using mixed acid, wherein the mixed acid comprises the components with the concentration of 120 g.L-1Nitric acid and a concentration of 20 g.L-1And (3) hydrofluoric acid.
5. The process for producing a nickel-saving high-strength austenitic stainless steel as claimed in claim 4, wherein an electrolysis step is added in the pickling process of the step 7), sodium sulfate is used as an electrolyte, and the electrolysis current is controlled to be 4000-3500 A.dm-3The pH value of the electrolyte is controlled within the range of 3-5.
6. The process for producing a nickel-saving high-strength austenitic stainless steel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step 3), the slag is encapsulated by using spherical containers made of stainless steel, the thickness of each spherical container is 0.5-2CM, each spherical container encapsulates a specific mass of the same alloy element, and the spherical containers are directly put into the molten steel when the slag is added.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114686784A (en) * | 2022-04-02 | 2022-07-01 | 四川罡宸不锈钢有限责任公司 | Nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN106086598A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2016-11-09 | 四川丰元机械制造有限公司 | A kind of high cleanliness austenite is without the smelting process of magnetic Retaining Ring Steel |
| CN107904489A (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2018-04-13 | 广东广青金属科技有限公司 | Combine the low-nickel austenitic stainless steel smelted and technique with AOD furnace using reduction furnace |
| CN111057944A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-04-24 | 连云港华乐不锈钢制品有限公司 | Nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel and method for producing nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel by using laterite nickel ore |
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