CN112981097B - Furnace wall and slag adhering method of water-cooling-wall-free nickel-iron ore thermoelectric furnace - Google Patents
Furnace wall and slag adhering method of water-cooling-wall-free nickel-iron ore thermoelectric furnace Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of metallurgy, in particular to a water-cooled wall-free wall of a ferronickel ore thermoelectric furnace and a slag adhering method. According to the similarity and intermiscibility principle, the magnesium-rich laterite-nickel ore meeting the requirements of the invention is selected and used during smelting, and meanwhile, a furnace wall structure made of a magnesia refractory material is adopted. According to the characteristics of different melting points, different densities and different smelting layering in the furnace of the slag and the ferronickel alloy. By adopting a temperature difference method, under the condition that no water-cooled wall is cooled, by utilizing the characteristic that the melting point of the nickel-iron alloy is lower than the melting point of slag, the furnace wall temperature below a designed slag line is lower than the melting point of the slag through operation, then a slag layer is lowered below the designed slag line, the temperature difference between the furnace wall and the slag contacting the furnace wall is greater than 100 ℃, and at the moment, the furnace slag and the furnace wall magnesium refractory material below the designed slag line in the furnace are solidified and combined after being melted; forming a magnesium-rich high-temperature-resistant furnace wall protective layer formed by solidifying and sticking magnesium-rich slag generated by smelting raw materials; the invention reduces the investment cost and prolongs the service life of the furnace wall of the ore-smelting electric furnace for smelting the laterite-nickel ore.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metallurgy, in particular to a water-cooled wall-free wall of a ferronickel ore thermoelectric furnace and a slag adhering method.
Background
At present, the smelting of the oxidation type laterite-nickel ore (the main components are oxides of silicon, magnesium, iron and nickel) mainly adopts an ore-smelting electric furnace, the ore-smelting electric furnace is generally cylindrical, three electrodes with the diameter of about 1 meter are adopted in the middle of a furnace body to electrify and heat the minerals in the furnace, and the smelting temperature is generally 1300-. The furnace wall refractory material is generally made of alumina, carbo-silica, magnesia and other refractory materials. Because the molten ferronickel alloy with high density and high temperature is stirred by the upgrading and the eddy current of the electrodes in the submerged arc furnace, the ferronickel alloy forms erosion, impact, scouring and other losses on the furnace wall, so that the furnace wall is thinned, the high-temperature molten slag and iron in the furnace are broken through the furnace wall and emit outside due to improper monitoring, and serious production accidents are caused. At present, the service life of the refractory material of the furnace wall is different in each factory, the refractory material is required to be replaced in about 3 years, the average service life is about 2 years, the production stop time for replacing the refractory material of the furnace body once is about 2 months, a cylindrical ore-smelting electric furnace with the diameter of 18 meters is taken as an example, the cost of the refractory material of the furnace wall is about 2500 tons and 1500 ten thousand yuan/machine time, the service life of the furnace wall is low, the enterprise cost is increased, and a large amount of waste bricks and dust pollution are caused in the replacement process.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to provide a furnace wall of a non-water-cooled wall type ferronickel thermoelectric furnace and a slag adhering method, the concrete purposes are seen in a plurality of substantial technical effects of the concrete implementation part.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the ferronickel thermoelectric furnace wall without the water cooling wall is characterized in that the ferronickel thermoelectric furnace wall comprises a silicon-magnesium type high-temperature-resistant furnace wall protective layer formed by solidifying and sticking silicon-magnesium type slag formed by smelting raw materials; the furnace wall structure of the ferronickel smelting submerged arc furnace sequentially comprises a high-temperature furnace wall protective layer, magnesium bricks, heat-preservation magnesia, aluminum silicate fiber cotton and a steel shell from inside to outside.
The further technical scheme of the invention is that the masonry thickness of the magnesia bricks is 0.8-2 m, and the mass part of magnesia of the magnesia bricks on the furnace wall is more than or equal to 95 percent.
The invention has the further technical scheme that the integral structure of the furnace wall of the furnace body is cylindrical.
A slag adhering method for a wall of a non-water-cooled wall ferronickel thermoelectric furnace comprises the following steps: the method is characterized in that dried laterite-nickel ore and a reducing agent (semi coke) are mixed and added into an ore-smelting electric furnace through a furnace top feeding bin for reduction, melting and smelting. When the temperature in the furnace reaches above 1450 ℃, the laterite-nickel ore is smelted into liquid state, slag and the ferronickel alloy are separated into two layers at the designed slag line, the density of the slag (silicon and magnesium when main components are silicon and magnesium) is small (about 2-3 tons/cubic meter), the density of the ferronickel alloy is large (about 7-8 tons/cubic meter), and the ferronickel alloy is positioned at the bottom of the furnace and floats on the ferronickel alloy in a high-temperature molten state. According to practical experience, the high-density nickel-iron alloy can form vortex to wash the furnace wall (furnace wall) due to the stirring of the electrodes in the furnace, so that the furnace wall is gradually thinned, and the furnace has to be shut down for maintenance. The method is characterized in that after corrosion, abrasion and melting loss of the furnace wall thickness of more than 35MM are found through primary monitoring, the electrode of the ore-smelting electric furnace is controlled to be lifted to the ferronickel alloy layer or the slag layer, and the power supply power (mainly controlling voltage and current) of the ferronickel alloy layer and the slag layer is further controlled, so that the smelting temperature of two different layers is controlled, and the method adopts a temperature difference operation method of low iron temperature and high slag temperature: firstly, the liquid level of the molten iron nickel-iron alloy is raised to be above a slag line design layer in the submerged arc furnace (see figure 2), then the temperature of the molten iron nickel-iron alloy is reduced to be about 1450 ℃ of the lowest melting point, meanwhile, the temperature of the slag is raised to be above 1600 ℃, and the temperature is maintained for 15-60 minutes.
A slag adhering method for the wall of a non-water-cooled wall-containing nickel-iron ore thermoelectric furnace is characterized in that the temperature of molten iron nickel-iron alloy is 1450-.
A slag adhering method for the furnace wall of a non-water-cooled wall-type ferronickel thermoelectric furnace is characterized in that after the liquid level of ferronickel alloy rises and the working conditions of low iron temperature and high slag temperature are maintained for meeting the process requirement time, all the ferronickel alloy is quickly and completely evacuated from an iron outlet at the lower part of a furnace body of the submerged arc furnace, molten slag falls to the lowest part of the furnace body, the temperature difference of more than 100 ℃ is formed between the furnace wall at the lower part of a slag line and the molten slag at the moment, then the temperature of the slag is reduced to be lower than a melting point line (about 1550 ℃) for 30-120 minutes, and the temperature close to the furnace wall is lower than the solidification temperature of the slag, so that the silicon-magnesium type slag is solidified at the low-temperature part of the furnace wall. Because the furnace wall is made of magnesium, a slag coating layer is formed on the furnace wall according to the principle of similarity and intermiscibility; the thickness of the slag adhering wall is different in 30-120 minutes, and the time is different.
A slag adhering method for the wall of a non-water-cooled wall-containing ferronickel ore thermoelectric furnace is characterized in that according to the requirement of a similar intermiscibility principle, the laterite-nickel ore raw material for smelting ferronickel has the mass percentage of SiO2 being more than 35% and MgO being more than 10%.
A method for adhering slag to the wall of non-water-cooled wall-type pyroelectricity furnace features that the raw material of nickel ore used for smelting and the refractory magnesian material in the wall are combined and solidified to protect the wall from being corroded, so increasing the service life of refractory material. The method can be repeatedly used for many times, and can ensure that the service life of the furnace wall can be kept for a long time without building overhaul as long as the operation is proper.
Compared with the prior art, the invention adopting the technical scheme has the following beneficial effects:
the method can prolong the service life of the refractory material of the furnace wall of the ferronickel smelting ore-smelting electric furnace to more than 10 years, and even the service life of the furnace wall can run through the whole service life of the furnace. The service life of ferronickel smelting ore-smelting electric furnaces in China and even all over the world is greatly prolonged, calculated by 1000 ten thousand tons of annual output of ferronickel in China, about 200 ore-smelting electric furnaces with the diameter of 16-20 meters are used, the overhaul rate is calculated according to 20%, 40 ore-smelting electric furnaces need to be removed every year, the average fire-proof material of each furnace wall is calculated according to 2500 tons, and the comprehensive cost of the fire-proof material of each furnace wall is calculated according to 5000 yuan. Meanwhile, the ferronickel smelting ore-smelting electric furnace is safer, more environment-friendly and more energy-saving.
Drawings
To further illustrate the present invention, further description is provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a detailed view of the structure of a furnace wall;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a furnace body of the ore-smelting electric furnace;
fig. 3 is a table of the composition of a preferred lateritic nickel ore (data therein are weight ratios).
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, which are to be understood as merely illustrative of the invention and not as limiting the scope of the invention. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", "top", "bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, as they may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The patent provides a plurality of parallel schemes, and different expressions belong to an improved scheme based on a basic scheme or a parallel scheme. Each solution has its own unique features.
A kind of no water cooling wall ferronickel ore thermoelectric furnace wall and slag adhering method. The invention is only suitable for the ore-smelting electric furnace for smelting ferronickel alloy by adopting laterite-nickel ore. The method is characterized in that a water-cooled wall technology of a furnace wall is not used, a special furnace wall structure and an operation method are adopted, and the ferronickel slag melted at high temperature is solidified on the furnace wall of the submerged arc furnace to form a silicon-magnesium type high-temperature-resistant furnace wall protective layer, so that the service life of refractory materials of the furnace wall of the submerged arc furnace is prolonged. The method can greatly prolong the refractory life of the ferro-nickel ore heating furnace and increase the benefit of a ferro-nickel smelting plant.
A kind of no water cooling wall ferronickel ore thermoelectric furnace wall and slag adhering method. The method is characterized in that a special furnace wall structure and an operation method are adopted, and high-temperature molten silicon-magnesium type furnace slag formed by smelting raw materials is solidified and stuck on the furnace wall of the ferronickel ore heating furnace to form a silicon-magnesium type high-temperature-resistant furnace wall protective layer, so that the service life of the refractory material of the ore heating furnace is prolonged.
Further preferred is: the whole furnace wall structure of the furnace body is cylindrical;
further preferred is: the innermost layer of the furnace wall of the ore-smelting electric furnace adopts magnesia bricks, and the content of MgO is more than 95 percent; the furnace wall does not contain aluminum bricks, carbon bricks and graphite bricks;
further preferred is: the masonry thickness of the magnesia bricks on the furnace wall is 0.8-2 m;
further preferred is: according to the principle of similar intermiscibility, SiO2 and MgO 10 percent in the laterite-nickel ore raw material for smelting ferronickel;
further preferred is: the following method can be adopted to realize the maximum application of the invention: when the corrosion, abrasion and melting loss of the furnace wall are found for the first time, the operation method of temperature difference (low iron temperature and high slag temperature) is adopted: firstly, operating by a normal smelting process, raising the liquid level of the nickel-iron alloy to be above a slag layer, then lowering the temperature of the nickel-iron alloy, raising the temperature of slag, and maintaining for 15-60 minutes (different thicknesses of target slag-adhering walls and different time); the temperature of the ferronickel alloy and the temperature of the slag are different according to a multi-element phase diagram caused by raw materials, and the process temperature adopted in the whole operation process is different (such as the temperature of the ferronickel alloy is 1550 ℃, and the temperature of the slag is 1650 ℃);
further preferred is: after the liquid level of the nickel-iron alloy rises, and the working conditions of low iron temperature and high slag temperature are maintained to meet the process requirement time, all the nickel-iron alloy is quickly and completely emptied from an iron outlet at the lower part of the furnace body of the submerged arc furnace, the slag falls to the lower part of a designed slag line, the temperature difference is formed between the furnace wall at the lower part and the slag, the temperature of the slag is reduced below a melting point line and is maintained for 30-120 minutes (the target slag-adhering wall thickness is different, and the time is different), and a slag-adhering layer is formed on the furnace wall;
the core characteristics of the technology are as follows: the furnace wall does not contain any cooling water pipe, and the furnace wall temperature is not reduced in the slag adhering operation process in a water cooling mode to adhere slag;
in order to overcome the softening loss of furnace wall refractory materials, some enterprises adopt a method of installing cooling water discharge pipes or water pipes in the furnace wall to reduce the temperature of the furnace wall, so that the furnace wall is not softened and melted, but the effect is not ideal, the investment cost is increased, and the risk of water leakage into the furnace, explosion and the like can be caused by misoperation.
The method of the invention aims to overcome the defect of frequent replacement of the refractory material of the furnace wall of the ore-smelting electric furnace. The invention greatly prolongs the service life of the refractory material of the furnace wall of the ferronickel smelting ore-smelting electric furnace,
after years of experiments and practices of the inventor,
the invention aims to effectively solve the defect of short service life of refractory materials of the wall of the ore-smelting electric furnace for smelting ferronickel by adopting laterite-nickel ore, and provides a novel process scheme. The method is characterized in that a special furnace wall structure and an operation method are adopted, high-temperature molten silicon-magnesium type furnace slag formed by smelting raw materials is cooled and solidified on the furnace wall through a temperature difference method to form a silicon-magnesium type high-temperature resistant protective layer, and therefore the service life of a refractory material of the furnace wall of the submerged arc furnace is prolonged.
From the table in FIG. 3, we know that the nickel ore raw material is rich in MgO, has similar components with the magnesium refractory material adopted by the furnace wall, and adopts a proper process scheme according to the principle of similar fusion, namely the nickel ore raw material used for smelting is combined and solidified with the magnesium refractory material in the furnace wall under the condition to form a high-temperature protective layer to protect the furnace wall from erosion, so that the service life of the refractory material of the furnace wall is prolonged;
the specific operation process is as follows: when the corrosion, abrasion and melting loss of the furnace wall are found for the first time, the operation method of low iron temperature and high slag temperature is adopted: firstly, raising the liquid level of the nickel-iron alloy to be above a slag layer at a normal smelting process temperature, then lowering the temperature of the nickel-iron alloy, raising the temperature of slag, and maintaining for 15-60 minutes (different thicknesses of target slag-adhering walls and different time periods);
after the liquid level of the ferronickel alloy rises, and the working conditions of low iron temperature and high slag temperature are maintained to meet the process requirement time, all the ferronickel alloy is completely emptied from an iron outlet at the lower part of the furnace body of the submerged arc furnace, and simultaneously, the slag temperature is reduced to be close to a melting point line and is maintained for 30-120 minutes, and at the moment, a solid slag coating with the thickness of 35-100mm can be formed on the inner side of the furnace wall; and (5) finishing the slag adhering operation and starting normal smelting.
The method has the advantages that the furnace wall does not contain any cooling water pipe, the temperature of the furnace wall is not reduced in a water cooling mode to carry slag in the slag carrying operation process, the investment is reduced, and the explosion danger caused by water leakage in the furnace is avoided;
compared with the prior art, the invention adopting the technical scheme has the following beneficial effects:
because the ferronickel slag contains more than 20 percent of magnesium oxide MgO, the furnace wall also adopts the refractory material of magnesium oxide, the slag is easy to combine with the refractory material of the furnace wall, the investment of equipment is reduced, the operation is simple, the originally waste ferronickel slag is changed into valuable through the special operation process of the invention, the service life of the refractory material of the furnace wall is greatly prolonged to more than 10 years, and the invention is very reasonable and ingenious.
The method has the advantages of simple operation, reduced equipment investment, increased smelting safety of the laterite-nickel ore smelting electric furnace, safer, more environment-friendly and more energy-saving ferronickel smelting process, greatly prolonged service life of refractory material of the wall of the ferronickel electric furnace, and increased operation rate of a factory. The invention can be widely popularized in the ferronickel industry and is an advantageous technology in the ferronickel smelting industry at present.
In general terms: the invention relates to the technical field of metallurgy, in particular to a water-cooled wall-free wall of a ferronickel ore thermoelectric furnace and a slag adhering method. According to the principle of similarity and compatibility, the laterite-nickel ore rich in magnesium meeting the invention is selected for smelting, and meanwhile, a high-magnesium refractory material (magnesium oxide is more than 95 percent) is adopted. According to the characteristics of different melting points, different densities and different smelting layering in the furnace of slag and the ferronickel alloy, a temperature difference method is adopted to ensure that a slag layer is lowered below a designed slag line by utilizing the characteristic that the melting point of the ferronickel alloy is lower than the melting point of the slag under the state without cooling a water-cooled wall, the temperature difference of more than 100 ℃ is formed between a furnace wall and slag contacting the furnace wall, and a slag phase rich in magnesium in the furnace slag and a furnace wall magnesia refractory material below the designed slag line in the furnace are solidified and combined after being melted; forming a silicon-magnesium type high-temperature-resistant furnace wall protective layer formed by solidifying and sticking smelting raw material laterite-nickel ore silicon-magnesium type furnace slag; thereby prolonging the service life of the furnace wall refractory material of the laterite-nickel ore smelting submerged arc furnace. The method can be repeatedly operated, so that the laterite-nickel ore smelting process solves the problem of frequent replacement of the refractory material of the furnace wall.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, principal features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are intended to illustrate the principles of the invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and the invention is to be limited to the embodiments described above.
Claims (7)
1. A slag adhering method for the furnace wall of a non-water-cooled wall-type ferronickel ore thermoelectric furnace is characterized in that dried laterite-nickel ore and a semi-coke reducing agent are mixed and added into an ore-smelting electric furnace through a furnace top feeding bin for reduction, melting and smelting; when the temperature in the furnace reaches above 1450 ℃, the laterite-nickel ore is smelted into liquid state, slag and the ferronickel alloy are separated into two layers at a designed slag line, when the thickness of the furnace wall is found to be corroded, worn and lost by more than 35mm through primary monitoring, the power supply power of the ferronickel alloy layer and the slag layer is further controlled by controlling the electrode of the ore-smelting electric furnace to ascend to the ferronickel alloy layer or the slag layer, and the operation method adopts the temperature difference of low iron temperature and high slag temperature: firstly, raising the liquid level of the ferronickel alloy to be above a designed slag line in a submerged arc furnace, then reducing the temperature of the ferronickel alloy to be the lowest melting point, simultaneously raising the temperature of slag to be above 1600 ℃, and maintaining for 15-60 minutes; the lowest melting point of the nickel-iron alloy is different according to components, and the temperature range is 1400 ℃ and 1550 ℃;
the wall of the nickel-iron ore heating furnace comprises a silicon-magnesium type high-temperature-resistant furnace wall protective layer formed by solidifying and sticking silicon-magnesium type slag formed by smelting raw materials; the furnace wall structure of the ferronickel smelting submerged arc furnace sequentially comprises a high-temperature furnace wall protective layer, magnesium bricks, heat-preservation magnesia, aluminum silicate fiber cotton, an embedded furnace wall temperature thermocouple and a steel shell from inside to outside; after the liquid level of the ferronickel alloy rises, after the working conditions of low iron temperature and high slag temperature are maintained for meeting the process requirement time, all the ferronickel alloy is quickly emptied from an iron outlet at the lower part of the furnace body of the submerged arc furnace, slag falls below a designed slag line of the furnace body, which is equivalent to slag reaching the position of the original ferronickel alloy, the temperature difference of more than 100 ℃ is formed between the furnace wall at the lower part of the designed slag line and the slag at the moment, the temperature is kept for 30-120 minutes, the silicomagnesium type slag can be solidified and solidified at the low temperature of the furnace wall, and the temperature close to the furnace wall forms a slag coating layer from outside to inside due to the fact that the temperature is lower than the melting point of the slag according to the similar intermiscibility principle because the furnace wall is magnesium.
2. The slagging method of a wall of a water-cooled wall-free pentlandite thermoelectric furnace according to claim 1, wherein the ferronickel temperature and the slag temperature are different depending on a multi-phase diagram caused by raw materials, and the process temperature adopted in the whole operation process is different.
3. The slagging method for the wall of the non-water-cooled wall-type ilmenite thermoelectric furnace of claim 1, characterized in that the laterite-nickel ore raw material for smelting ferronickel has the mass percentage of SiO2> 35% and MgO > 10%.
4. The slagging method of a wall of a water-cooled wall-free pentlandite thermoelectric furnace according to claim 1, wherein magnesium-containing slag formed from a raw material of nickel ore used for smelting is solidified in combination with a magnesium refractory in the wall to protect the wall from erosion and to increase the life of the refractory of the wall.
5. The slagging method of a wall of a water-cooled wall-free pentlandite thermoelectric furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein slagging is carried out repeatedly.
6. The slagging method for the wall of the water-cooled wall-free pentlandite thermoelectric furnace according to claim 1, wherein the masonry thickness of the magnesia bricks is 0.8-2 m, and the mass fraction of magnesia of the magnesia bricks on the wall is more than 95%; the magnesia bricks are made of refractory materials of original furnace walls.
7. The method for clinkering the furnace wall of the non-water-cooled wall-type limonite thermoelectric furnace according to claim 1, wherein the integral structure of the furnace wall body of the furnace body is cylindrical-like.
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