CN112979367A - Harmless treatment method for excrement of livestock and poultry farm - Google Patents

Harmless treatment method for excrement of livestock and poultry farm Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112979367A
CN112979367A CN202110387482.0A CN202110387482A CN112979367A CN 112979367 A CN112979367 A CN 112979367A CN 202110387482 A CN202110387482 A CN 202110387482A CN 112979367 A CN112979367 A CN 112979367A
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filter residue
content
excrement
fertilizer
fertilizers
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雷星宇
雷志刚
顾卫兵
赵培
雷鸣
雷浩
陶乐
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Jiangsu Nading Material Technology Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/02—Biological treatment
    • C02F11/04—Anaerobic treatment; Production of methane by such processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

A method for innocent treatment of excrement of livestock and poultry farms comprises the steps of firstly testing excrement concentrated in a septic tank, detecting the water content, the solid content and the contents of heavy metals such as cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury and arsenic, then adding humic acid and phosphate according to the result, stirring for 10-30 minutes immediately, and then realizing solid-liquid separation; then the separated solution is respectively added into large, medium and trace element water soluble fertilizers and then can be used for dry land drip irrigation or spray irrigation, and can also be directly used for mixed application in rice irrigation; the separated filter residue is fermented and mixed with different large, medium and trace element compound fertilizers to produce various high-quality and high-efficiency special fertilizers, such as special fertilizers for tobacco, special fertilizers for rice and special fertilizers for high-quality and high-efficiency agricultural selenium, molybdenum and zinc agricultural products; the byproduct methane generated during the fermentation of the filter residue can be used as a heat source for decomposing the filter residue and can also be used as living and production energy of a farm. The invention can improve the surrounding environment of the farm, avoid non-point source pollution, reduce the breeding cost and realize the maximization of comprehensive benefits.

Description

Harmless treatment method for excrement of livestock and poultry farm
Technical Field
The invention discloses a harmless treatment method of excrement of a livestock and poultry farm, belonging to the technical field of resource environmental engineering.
Background
At present, the large-scale livestock breeding, the improvement of breeding areas and surrounding environments thereof, particularly the harmless treatment of livestock manure becomes the bottleneck of the healthy development of the industry;
part of people accumulate livestock and poultry manure near the field and steal the manure in rivers and lakes when the rainy season comes; some people directly pour the excrement into the fishpond, so that serious pollution is directly caused to the water body; still some people return the manure directly to the field, but the unfermented manure not only brings no benefit to the growth of crops, but also causes obstacles to the growth of crops. It should be noted that the use of antibiotics in scale breeding is a well-known matter, and the untreated feces are disposed by the above method, so that the water body and the whole food chain are at risk of exceeding the antibiotic, so that the drug resistance, the resistance and the variability of the germs are not strange;
some of the newly-built large-scale farms are also provided with excrement fermentation treatment devices, but excrement of breeding pigs and cattle accounts for more than 80% of urine, and water for cleaning the farms is mixed, so that the liquid part is up to more than 90%, the treatment quantity is large, the subsequent process is complex, huge equipment for fermentation, drying and the like is used, the operation cost is high, no benefit is generated in economy, and the large-scale demonstration projects are provided, but the large-scale farms are always operated at negative benefits, and the farms cannot be stopped in the near future.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of excrement treatment of the livestock and poultry farms in scale, the invention aims to provide a harmless treatment method of excrement of the livestock and poultry farms, which is used for scientifically treating the collected excrement and solves the problems of large treatment investment, odor disturbance, non-point source pollution and low comprehensive utilization benefit of the existing excrement and poultry farming farms in scale.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the excrement concentrated in the septic tank is tested, the water content, the solid content and the contents of heavy metals such as cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury and arsenic are detected, humic acid and phosphate are added according to the result, and then the excrement and the phosphate are stirred for 10-30 minutes to realize solid-liquid separation; then the separated solution is respectively added into large, medium and trace element water soluble fertilizers and then can be used for dry land drip irrigation or spray irrigation, and can also be directly used for mixed application in rice irrigation; the separated filter residue is fermented and mixed with different large, medium and trace element compound fertilizers to produce various high-quality and high-efficiency special fertilizers, such as special fertilizers for tobacco, special fertilizers for rice and special fertilizers for high-quality and high-efficiency agricultural selenium, molybdenum and zinc agricultural products; the byproduct methane generated during the fermentation of the filter residue can be used as a heat source for decomposing the filter residue and can also be used as living and production energy of a farm.
The harmless treatment method of the excrement of the livestock and poultry farm comprises the following steps:
step one, sampling analysis: sampling in a feces concentration pool, and analyzing the proportion of water and solid matters, the content of heavy metals such as cadmium, chromium, mercury, lead and arsenic, particularly the content of antibiotics;
step two, formula stirring: determining the addition amount of humic acid and phosphate, namely the soil conditioner, according to the analysis result, and scattering the soil conditioner into a septic tank to be uniformly stirred for 10-30 minutes;
step three, solid-liquid separation: and D, sending the excrement obtained in the step two into a solid-liquid separator to obtain filtrate and filter residues. The separation is carried out by a common screw separator, a plate-and-frame filter press and a belt press filter, and the specific equipment selection can be comprehensively considered according to the control of moisture, the limitation of a site and the investment cost;
step four, treatment of separated substances:
4.1.1 filtrate
The filtrate part is mainly urine and water for flushing a field, beneficial nutrients are few, and a large amount of element water-soluble fertilizer can be directly added: urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, potassium sulfate and ammonium phosphate are used for supplementing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in crops or soil; simultaneously, a secondary element water-soluble fertilizer can also be added: calcium nitrate, magnesium nitrate and potassium silicate are used for supplementing calcium, magnesium and silicon in crops or soil; trace element water-soluble fertilizer can also be added: selenium nitrite, ammonium molybdate, zinc nitrate, boric acid and borax are used for supplementing trace elements such as selenium, molybdenum, zinc, boron and the like in crops or soil;
the mixed solution is stirred for 10-30 minutes and fully dissolved, and then is sent to a dry land with drip irrigation or spray irrigation water and fertilizer integrated equipment for direct application, and when the mixed solution is used for a paddy field, the mixed solution is directly applied to the paddy field in a certain proportion by combining irrigation;
4.2.1 filtering out the filter residue,
the obtained filter residue is mainly some cellulose, undigested protein and amino acid, even contains some heavy metals and antibiotics, and direct application has no great fertilizer effect, even causes obstacles to the growth of crops, so the filter residue is compounded after being fermented;
feeding filter residues into a fermentation tank, burning and heating the filter residues to 150-200 ℃ by using methane, preserving the heat for 1-2 hours to fully decompose the filter residues, and when the temperature of the filter residues is lower than 50 ℃, mixing the following materials: bacteria = 100: 0.1-0.3, adding high-temperature fermentation bacteria, continuously stirring for 3-5 hours at 30-50 ℃, then unloading to an expansion workshop, continuously expanding and propagating for 24-72 hours at 20-30 ℃, checking that filter residues are black and densely covered with white hyphae, and sending the filter residues into a compound packaging workshop after the fermentation is qualified and fluffy and fragrant (without putrefactive odor);
4.2.2, methane is generated,
a certain amount of biogas can be generated in the process of fermenting the filter residue, and the biogas can be directly used for heating the filter residue and used as fuel required by heat supply and life of a farm after being collected;
and step five, compound packaging:
testing the total content of water, organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the pH value and the content of heavy metals such as cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury and arsenic in the filter residue after the full propagation;
the water content is less than or equal to 30 percent, the organic matter is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium (namely N and P) are added2O5+K2O) is more than or equal to 5 percent, the pH value is 5.5-8.0,
heavy metals:
1. the total cadmium (measured by Cd) is less than or equal to 3 mg/kg;
2. the total mercury (calculated by Hg) is less than or equal to 5mg/kg,
3. total lead (calculated by Pb) is less than or equal to 100mg/kg
4. Total chromium (calculated as Cr) is less than or equal to 300mg/kg
5. Total arsenic (calculated by As) is less than or equal to 30mg/kg
In compliance with the NY525-2012 standard,
as the filter residue adopted by the method is used as the raw material, the water content is fully controlled during the first solid-liquid separation, so that the water content is less than or equal to 30 percent and the organic matter is more than or equal to 70 percent after multiple tests, and more than 30 percent of large, medium and trace element compound fertilizer and 1-2 percent of soil conditioner can be added at least, thereby being capable of producing the high-content N + P2O5+K2High-efficiency special fertilizer with O more than or equal to 20 percent and water less than or equal to 20 percent, typically vegetable special fertilizer, flower special fertilizer, tobacco special fertilizer, rice special fertilizer and the like;
compounding the qualified filter residue into various special fertilizers with high content according to the requirements of markets and customers, and measuring the water content, organic matters and N + P of the special fertilizers2O5+K2The content of O and the pH value thereof are marked on a packaging bag, and the packaging bag is packaged and put in storage after the application, the detection data, the execution standard and the like are marked;
wherein the soil conditioner is commercially available, preferably the soil conditioner having application date of 2014, 6/24 and patent application number 201410285528.8.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following substantive characteristics and remarkable progress:
firstly, adding 1-3% of humic acid and 0.2-1% of phosphate into excrement, eliminating zeta potential between solid and liquid, and separating solid from liquid, so that the treatment capacity of the excrement is reduced by more than 80%, the fermentation site of filter residue with solid content is reduced by 70%, and the time is accelerated by at least 10 times;
secondly, biogas generated by fermentation is used for decomposing energy during fermentation of filter residues and heat sources for production and life of a farm, so that not only is the cost of organic fertilizer reduced, but also carbon emission is reduced (methane is known to be one of the reasons for influencing the global greenhouse effect);
thirdly, a certain amount of large, medium and trace element water-soluble fertilizers are added into the filtrate according to the soil testing formula and the planted variety, so that the agricultural water consumption (due to the fact that the filtrate has a certain amount of nutrients) is reduced, the use amount of the fertilizer is also reduced, and the agricultural comprehensive benefit is improved;
fourthly, decomposing the filter residue at high temperature, putting high-temperature strains into the filter residue, rapidly obtaining methane and simultaneously leading to the inactivation of antibiotics, and expanding propagation at low temperature to keep carbon from losing so as to ensure the maximization of the comprehensive utilization of the carbon;
and fifthly, the filter residue organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer are compounded, and various special fertilizers with high content can be prepared after a proper amount of soil conditioner is added, so that the risk of fertilizer weight is eliminated, and the safety of agricultural products is ensured.
In a word, the harmless treatment method of the livestock and poultry farm manure solves the problems of large treatment investment, smell disturbing people, non-point source pollution and low comprehensive utilization benefit of the large-scale cultivation manure, and is suitable for wide popularization in China.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
in the first embodiment, the first step is,
a harmless treatment method of excrement of livestock and poultry farms comprises the following steps:
step one, sampling analysis: sampling in a feces concentration pool, and measuring that the water content is 80 percent, the solid content is 20 percent, the contents of heavy metals of cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury and arsenic are all less than NY525-2012 standard, and the antibiotic is less than the internal control standard;
step two, formula stirring: according to the analysis result, the humic acid is added by 3 percent, the phosphate is 0.2 percent, and the humic acid and the phosphate are scattered into a septic tank to be stirred for 10 minutes;
step three, solid-liquid separation: sending the excrement obtained in the step two into a belt press filter to complete solid-liquid separation;
step four, treatment of separated substances:
l of the filtrate, and 4.l of the filtrate,
the total nutrient in the filtrate is detected to be 3%, and macroelements in the site for directional fertilizer application are in short supply, so that the addition of N + P is determined2O5+K2Compound fertilizer with total content of O =1+1+1 of 50%, and the addition amount of the compound fertilizer is filtrate2 percent, the total amount of the selenium, the molybdenum, the zinc and the boron which are supplemented simultaneously is not more than 1 per thousand, the total effective components are 5 percent, and the selenium, the molybdenum, the zinc and the boron are diluted by 300 times and then used for drip irrigation of vegetables;
4.2.1 residue filtration:
feeding the obtained filter residue into a sealed fermentation tank, heating the filter residue to 150 ℃ by using methane, preserving the heat for 2 hours, sampling and checking to be basically decomposed, and cooling the filter residue to 50 ℃, and mixing the following materials: bacteria = 100: and (3) adding high-temperature fermentation bacteria in a proportion of 0.1, continuously stirring for 5 hours at the temperature of 30-50 ℃, then unloading to an expansion workshop, continuously expanding and propagating for 72 hours at the temperature of 30 ℃, checking that filter residues are black and densely covered with white hyphae, are fluffy and fragrant in smell, and sending the qualified fermentation product to a compound packaging workshop.
4.2.2 biogas;
collecting the biogas generated in the process of fermenting the filter residue, and directly heating the filter residue.
Step five, compounding and packaging;
the water content of the filter residue after the full propagation is 30 percent, the organic matter content is 60 percent, the mineral matter content is 10 percent, and the content of N + P is detected2O5+K2O =5.5, pH =5.8, and heavy metals cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury and arsenic all meet NY525-2012 standards, so that a macroelement N + P can be added2O5+K2Compound fertilizer 25% with O =50 (wherein K2O is represented by K2SO4Provided), the water content after compounding is 23%, the organic matter is 45%, and N + P2O5+K2The content of O is 18 percent, the pH value is =6.5, and the fertilizer can be used as a high-efficiency fertilizer special for tobacco after being stirred, aged and inspected to be qualified.
Example two:
a harmless treatment method of excrement of livestock and poultry farms comprises the following steps:
step one, sampling analysis: sampling in a feces concentration pool, and measuring that the water content is 85 percent, the solid content is 15 percent, the contents of heavy metals of cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury and arsenic are all less than NY525-2012 standard, and the antibiotic is less than the internal control standard;
step two, formula stirring: according to the analysis result, 2% of humic acid and 0.6% of phosphate are determined to be added, and the humic acid and the phosphate are scattered into a septic tank and stirred for 20 minutes;
step three, solid-liquid separation: c, conveying the excrement obtained in the step II into a plate-and-frame filter press to complete solid-liquid separation;
step four, treating the separated substance;
4.1, filtering:
the total nutrient content in the filtrate is 1.5 percent through detection, the site for directional fertilizer application has a large amount of shortage of medium elements, and the large amount of elements N + P2O5+K2The total content of O =1+1+1 is 50%, and the addition amount is 6%; determining that the total content of the added secondary elements Ca + Mg + Si =1+1+2 is 60%, the adding amount is 4%, the total amount of the supplemented selenium, molybdenum, zinc and boron is not more than 1 per thousand, and the total effective components of the major elements are 4.5%, diluting by 400 times, and using the diluted secondary elements in wheat spray irrigation;
4.2.1 filtering out the filter residue,
feeding the obtained filter residue into a sealed fermentation tank, heating the filter residue to 180 ℃ by using methane, preserving the heat for 1.5 hours, sampling and checking to be basically decomposed, and cooling the filter residue to 50 ℃, and mixing the materials: bacteria = 100: 0.2, adding high-temperature zymogens in proportion, continuously stirring for 4 hours at 30-50 ℃, then unloading to an expanding propagation workshop, continuously expanding propagation for 48 hours at 30 ℃, checking that filter residues are black and densely covered with white hyphae, are fluffy and fragrant in smell, and sending the materials into a compound packaging workshop after the fermentation is qualified;
4.2.2, methane is generated,
collecting biogas generated in the process of fermenting the filter residue, and then using the biogas to produce living fuel in a farm;
step five, compounding and packaging,
the water content of the filter residue after the full propagation is 25 percent, the organic matter content is 68 percent, the pH value is 6.7, the mineral matter content is 7 percent, and the content of N + P is detected2O5+K2O =6.3, the heavy metals of cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury and arsenic all accord with NY525-2012 standard, and a macroelement of N + P can be added2O5+K220% of compound fertilizer with O =50 (wherein K2O provided by KCl), the total content of the secondary elements Ca + Mg + Si =1+1+1 is 60, the addition amount is 10%, the soil conditioner is 3%, the water content after compounding is 18%, the organic matter is 45.5%, and N + P2O5+K2The content of O is 14.41 percent, the pH value is 7.5, the content of the medium elements Ca + Mg + Si is 6 percent, the fertilizer can be used as a special fertilizer for rice planting areas with weight-related risks after being stirred, aged and qualified by inspection, and when the application amount reaches 15 tons/hectareIn time, the risk that the heavy metal of the rice exceeds the standard can be reduced.
Example three:
a harmless treatment method of excrement of livestock and poultry farms comprises the following steps:
step one, sampling analysis: sampling in a feces concentration pool, and measuring that the water content is 90 percent, the solid content is 10 percent, the contents of heavy metals of cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury and arsenic are all less than NY525-2012 standard, and the antibiotic is less than the internal control standard;
step two, formula stirring: according to the analysis result, 1% of humic acid and 1% of phosphate are determined to be added, and the humic acid and the phosphate are scattered into a septic tank and stirred for 30 minutes;
step three, solid-liquid separation: conveying the excrement obtained in the step two into a screw type separator to complete solid-liquid separation;
step four, treating the separated substance;
4.1, filtering the mixture to obtain filtrate,
the total nutrient content in the filtrate is 1 percent through detection, the amount of the elements in the site for directional fertilizer application is in short supply, the total nutrient content of Ca + Mg + Si =1+1+3 is determined to be 60 percent, the mixed application amount is 5 percent of the filtrate, the total amount of the selenium, the molybdenum, the zinc and the boron is supplemented to be not more than 1 per thousand, the total effective component is 6.01 percent, and the method is used for mixed application in rice irrigation;
4.2.1 residue of filtration
Feeding the obtained filter residue into a sealed fermentation tank, heating the filter residue to 200 ℃ by using methane, preserving the heat for 1 hour, sampling and checking to be basically decomposed, and cooling the filter residue to 50 ℃, and mixing the following materials: bacteria = 100: 0.3, adding high-temperature zymogens according to the proportion, continuously stirring for 3 hours at the temperature of 30-50 ℃, then unloading to an expansion workshop, continuously expanding and propagating for 24 hours at the temperature of 30 ℃, checking that filter residues are black and densely covered with white hypha, are fluffy and fragrant in smell, and sending the materials into a compound packaging workshop after the fermentation is qualified;
4.2.2, methane is generated,
collecting biogas generated in the residue fermentation process, and heating raw feed to be cooked;
step five, compounding and packaging,
the water content of the filter residue after the full propagation is 20 percent, the organic matter content is 75 percent, the mineral matter content is 5 percent, and the content of N + P is detected2O5+K2O =7.5, pH =7.0, heavy metalsCadmium, chromium, lead, mercury and arsenic all meet NY525-2012 standards, and a major element N + P can be added2O5+K220% of compound fertilizer with O =50 (wherein K2O by KNO3Provided), the total content of the secondary elements Ca + Mg + Si =1+1+1 is 60%, the addition amount is 10%, and the trace elements selenium, molybdenum, zinc and boron are 1 per mill. After compounding, the water content is 14 percent, the organic matter content is 51.75 percent, and the content of N + P2O5+K215.18 percent of O, 6 percent of Ca, Mg and Si, 3 thousandths of Se, Mo, Zn and B and 7.5 percent of pH value, and can be used as a special fertilizer for high-efficiency special selenium-rich molybdenum-zinc agricultural products after being stirred, aged and qualified by inspection.
The above three embodiments are provided to illustrate the essence of the present invention in detail, but not to limit the scope of the present invention, but all the simple modifications or equivalent changes made according to the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A harmless treatment method of excrement of livestock and poultry farms is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of firstly testing excrement concentrated in a septic tank, detecting the moisture content, the solid content and the contents of heavy metals such as cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury and arsenic, then adding humic acid and phosphate according to the result, stirring for 10-30 minutes, and then realizing solid-liquid separation; then the separated solution is respectively added into large, medium and trace element water soluble fertilizers and then can be used for dry land drip irrigation or spray irrigation, and can also be directly used for mixed application in rice irrigation; the separated filter residue is fermented and mixed with different large, medium and trace element compound fertilizers to produce various high-quality and high-efficiency special fertilizers, such as special fertilizers for tobacco, special fertilizers for rice and special fertilizers for high-quality and high-efficiency agricultural selenium, molybdenum and zinc agricultural products; the byproduct methane generated in the fermentation of the filter residue can be used as a heat source for decomposing the filter residue and can also be used as a living and production energy source of a farm; the harmless treatment method of the excrement of the livestock and poultry farm comprises the following steps:
step one, sampling analysis: sampling in a feces concentration pool, and analyzing the proportion of water and solid matters, the content of heavy metals such as cadmium, chromium, mercury, lead and arsenic, particularly the content of antibiotics;
step two, formula stirring: determining the addition amount of humic acid and phosphate, namely the soil conditioner, according to the analysis result, and scattering the soil conditioner into a septic tank to be uniformly stirred for 10-30 minutes;
step three, solid-liquid separation: sending the excrement obtained in the step two into a solid-liquid separator to obtain filtrate and filter residue, wherein the specific equipment type selection can be comprehensively considered according to the control of water, the limitation of a site and the investment cost;
step four, treatment of separated substances:
4.1.1 treatment of the filtrate:
the filtrate part is mainly urine and water for flushing a field, beneficial nutrients are few, and a large amount of element water-soluble fertilizer can be directly added: urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, potassium sulfate and ammonium phosphate are used for supplementing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in crops or soil; simultaneously, a secondary element water-soluble fertilizer can also be added: calcium nitrate, magnesium nitrate and potassium silicate are used for supplementing calcium, magnesium and silicon in crops or soil; trace element water-soluble fertilizer can also be added: selenium nitrite, ammonium molybdate, zinc nitrate, boric acid and borax are used for supplementing trace elements of selenium, molybdenum, zinc and boron in crops or soil;
the mixed solution is stirred for 10-30 minutes and fully dissolved, and then is sent to a dry land with drip irrigation or spray irrigation water and fertilizer integrated equipment for direct application, and when the mixed solution is used for a paddy field, the mixed solution is directly applied to the paddy field in a certain proportion by combining irrigation;
4.2.1 treatment of the filter residue,
the obtained filter residue is mainly some cellulose, undigested protein and amino acid, even contains some heavy metals and antibiotics, and direct application has no great fertilizer effect, even causes obstacles to the growth of crops, so the filter residue is compounded after being fermented;
feeding filter residues into a fermentation tank, burning and heating the filter residues to 150-200 ℃ by using methane, preserving the heat for 1-2 hours to fully decompose the filter residues, and when the temperature of the filter residues is lower than 50 ℃, mixing the following materials: bacteria = 100: 0.1-0.3, adding high-temperature fermentation bacteria, continuously stirring for 3-5 hours at 30-50 ℃, then unloading to an expansion workshop, continuously expanding and propagating for 24-72 hours at 20-30 ℃, checking that filter residues are black and densely covered with white hyphae, and sending the filter residues into a compound packaging workshop after the fermentation is qualified and fluffy and fragrant (without putrefactive odor);
4.2.2 treatment of the biogas,
a certain amount of biogas can be generated in the process of fermenting the filter residue, and the biogas can be directly used for heating the filter residue and used as fuel required by heat supply and life of a farm after being collected;
and step five, compound packaging:
testing the total content of water, organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the pH value and the content of heavy metals such as cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury and arsenic in the filter residue after the full propagation; making it meet NY525-2012 standard, compounding the qualified filter residue into high-content special fertilizer according to the requirements of market and its customers, measuring its water content, organic matter and N + P2O5+K2The content of O and the pH value thereof are marked on the packaging bag, and the packaging bag is packaged and warehoused after the application, the detection data, the execution standard and the like are marked.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: the solid-liquid separator is a screw separator, a plate-and-frame filter press or a belt press filter.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: after 1-3% of humic acid and 0.2-1% of phosphate are added into the excrement, zeptota potential between solid and liquid is eliminated, so that solid and liquid are separated, the treatment capacity of the excrement is reduced by more than 80%, meanwhile, the fermentation place of filter residue with solid content is reduced by 70%, and the time is accelerated by more than 10 times.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: biogas generated by fermentation is used for decomposing energy during fermentation of filter residues and heat sources for production and life of farms, so that the cost of the organic fertilizer is reduced, and carbon emission is reduced.
5. The method for the innocent treatment of the excrement of the livestock and poultry farm according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the filtrate is mixed with a certain amount of water-soluble fertilizers of large, medium and trace elements according to the soil testing formula and the planted variety, so that the agricultural water consumption is reduced, the use amount of the chemical fertilizer is reduced, and the agricultural comprehensive benefit is improved.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the filter residue is decomposed at a high temperature, and high-temperature strains are added to rapidly obtain biogas and simultaneously inactivate antibiotics; the low-temperature propagation keeps the carbon not to be lost, and ensures the maximization of the comprehensive utilization of the carbon.
7. The method for the innocent treatment of the excrement of the livestock and poultry farm according to the claim 1, which is characterized in that filter residue organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer are compounded, and a proper amount of soil conditioner is added to prepare various special fertilizers with high content, thereby not only eliminating the risk of the fertilizer weight, but also ensuring the safety of agricultural products.
CN202110387482.0A 2021-04-12 2021-04-12 Harmless treatment method for excrement of livestock and poultry farm Pending CN112979367A (en)

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