CN112976350B - Special cutter for making holes in fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite - Google Patents
Special cutter for making holes in fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite Download PDFInfo
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- CN112976350B CN112976350B CN202110207303.0A CN202110207303A CN112976350B CN 112976350 B CN112976350 B CN 112976350B CN 202110207303 A CN202110207303 A CN 202110207303A CN 112976350 B CN112976350 B CN 112976350B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
- B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
- B28D1/14—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by boring or drilling
- B28D1/146—Tools therefor
Abstract
The invention discloses a special cutter for drilling a fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite, which comprises a cutter body and a cutter handle which are connected, wherein the cutter body is provided with a first cutting area and a second cutting area which are connected, the first cutting area is provided with a PCD compact, a main cutting edge is connected with an auxiliary cutting edge by a transition arc edge, and the transition arc edge is arc-shaped; end edge chip flutes are arranged between adjacent cutting edges; the secondary cutting edge extends to the second cutting area, and the second cutting area comprises a chip dividing groove which divides the secondary cutting edge positioned in the second cutting area into a plurality of sections of micro cutting edges. According to the special cutter for making the holes in the fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite, the micro cutting edge is arranged in the second cutting area, so that more burrs are removed in the downward feeding process of the cutter, and the processing quality of the holes is improved; the transition arc edge between the main cutting edge and the auxiliary cutting edge inhibits the occurrence of tool tip tipping in the drilling process, and prolongs the service life of the tool.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of drilling processing equipment and peripheral supporting facilities thereof, in particular to a special cutter for drilling a fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite.
Background
The fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite has high specific strength, high specific modulus, high temperature resistance, wear resistance and corrosion resistance, can simultaneously meet the functions of bearing, heat protection and the like, is widely applied to rocket engine exhaust nozzles, aerospace aircraft heat protection systems, aero-engine hot end components and the like, and has important position in the advanced fields of aerospace, national defense and the like. Although most fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite components are net-shape formed, it is difficult to perform the components with porous structure, chamfer and complex shape to meet the requirements of surface quality, dimensional shape accuracy and the like. Machining is still an effective means to achieve synergistic control of the shape of the fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite member. However, fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites are typically difficult to machine materials, and their high hardness results in high cutting forces, high cutting temperatures, and low tool life; the material has anisotropy and heterogeneity, which causes unstable processing and has processing defects such as burrs, edge breakage, tearing, layering and the like; the inconsistency of the batches of blanks results in the inability of the exact process to accurately achieve the intended processing goal. Therefore, it is particularly necessary to explore and research a high-precision low-defect hole-making process of the fiber reinforced composite material.
At present, foreign researches on drilling of fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite materials are few, and most of domestic researches on the materials are only to use conventional cutters to carry out exploratory machining tests. In the actual processing process, the hard alloy drill bit or the PCD drill bit is often directly used for drilling, the qualification rate of the prepared hole is very low, the defects of layering, burr, edge breakage, extrusion cracking, fiber extraction and the like are very serious, and meanwhile, the service life of the cutter is very low, so that the processing cost of the fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite material is sharply increased.
Therefore, how to change the current situation that the fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite has no special processing tool to cause serious processing defects and high processing cost in the prior art becomes a problem to be solved urgently by the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a special cutter for drilling a fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art, improve the processing quality and the processing efficiency of the fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite and reduce the processing cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme: the invention provides a special cutter for drilling a hole in a fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite, which comprises a cutter body and a cutter handle which are connected, wherein the cutter body is provided with a first cutting area and a second cutting area which are connected, the second cutting area is connected with the cutter handle, the first cutting area comprises a cutting edge, a PCD composite sheet is arranged on one side of the cutting edge, which is far away from the axis of the cutter body, the PCD composite sheet is made of a polycrystalline diamond material, the cutting edge comprises a main cutting edge and an auxiliary cutting edge, the main cutting edge is connected with the auxiliary cutting edge by a transition arc edge, and the transition arc edge is arc-shaped; end edge chip flutes are arranged between adjacent cutting edges; the secondary cutting edge extends to the second cutting area, the second cutting area includes the chip separation groove, the chip separation groove will be located the second cutting area the secondary cutting edge is cut apart into the little cutting edge of multistage.
Preferably, the end of the first cutting region far away from the second cutting region has a hollow structure, the hollow structure is cylindrical, and the hollow structure and the cutter body are coaxially arranged.
Preferably, a cutter groove recessed toward the axial direction of the cutter body is formed between adjacent cutting edges, and the cutter groove is spirally arranged around the axial direction of the cutter body.
Preferably, the chip separation grooves are spirally arranged around the axis of the cutter body, and the rotation directions of the chip separation grooves are opposite to the rotation directions of the cutter grooves.
Preferably, the cross section of the chip dividing groove is V-shaped.
Preferably, one end of the first cutting area, which is far away from the second cutting area, is provided with an insert groove, the PCD compact is arranged in the insert groove, and the PCD compact is connected with the cutter body in a welding mode.
Preferably, the PCD compact is a mixed grain PCD compact having a grain size of 2 to 30 μm.
Preferably, the number of the cutting edges is four, and the four groups of the cutting edges are uniformly distributed around the axis of the cutter body in the shape of a circle.
Preferably, the rake angle of the main cutting edge is 5 ° and the relief angle is 8 °; the relief angle of the secondary cutting edge is 10 °, the rake angle of the micro cutting edge is 30 °, and the relief angle is 15 °.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects: the special cutter for drilling the fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite comprises a cutter body and a cutter handle which are connected, wherein the cutter body is provided with a first cutting area and a second cutting area which are connected, the second cutting area is connected with the cutter handle, the first cutting area comprises a cutting edge, a PCD composite sheet is arranged on one side of the cutting edge, which is far away from the axis of the cutter body, the PCD composite sheet is made of a polycrystalline diamond material, the cutting edge comprises a main cutting edge and an auxiliary cutting edge, the main cutting edge is connected with the auxiliary cutting edge by a transition arc edge, and the transition arc edge is arc-shaped; end edge chip flutes are arranged between adjacent cutting edges; the secondary cutting edge extends to the second cutting area, and the second cutting area comprises a chip dividing groove which divides the secondary cutting edge positioned in the second cutting area into a plurality of sections of micro cutting edges. According to the special cutter for making the hole in the fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite, the micro cutting edge is arranged in the second cutting area, more burrs are removed in the downward feeding process of the cutter, the phenomena of fiber layering and pulling-out at the outlet and the inlet of the hole are obviously improved, and the processing quality of the hole is improved; the transition arc edge between the main cutting edge and the auxiliary cutting edge inhibits the occurrence of tool tip tipping in the drilling process, and prolongs the service life of the tool. The special cutter for drilling the fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite solves the problems of low processing efficiency, serious cutter abrasion, more side wall burrs and obvious layering defects in the drilling process of the fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a special tool for drilling holes in a fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of a portion of the first cutting zone of the specialized tool for forming holes in fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of a portion of the second cutting zone of the specialized tool for fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite hole forming of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic end view of the special cutting tool for drilling holes in fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged schematic view of a portion of the structure of FIG. 4;
wherein, 100 is the special tool who is used for fibre reinforced ceramic matrix composite system hole, 1 is the cutter body, 2 is the handle of a knife, 3 is first cutting district, 4 is the second cutting district, 5 is the cutting edge, 6 is the PCD compact piece, 7 is the main cutting edge, 8 is the vice cutting edge, 9 is transition circular arc sword, 10 is the end sword chip groove, 11 is the chip groove, 12 is little cutting edge, 13 is hollow structure, 14 is the sword groove.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a special cutter for drilling a fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art, improve the processing quality and the processing efficiency of the fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite and reduce the processing cost.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Referring to fig. 1-5, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a special tool for drilling a hole in a fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composite material according to the present invention, fig. 2 is an enlarged schematic structural diagram of a portion of a first cutting region of the special tool for drilling a hole in a fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composite material according to the present invention, fig. 3 is an enlarged schematic structural diagram of a portion of a second cutting region of the special tool for drilling a hole in a fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composite material according to the present invention, fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an end face of the special tool for drilling a fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composite material according to the present invention, and fig. 5 is an enlarged schematic structural diagram of a portion of fig. 4.
The invention provides a special tool 100 for drilling a hole in a fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite, which comprises a tool body 1 and a tool handle 2 which are connected, wherein the tool body 1 is provided with a first cutting area 3 and a second cutting area 4 which are connected, the second cutting area 4 is connected with the tool handle 2, the first cutting area 3 comprises a cutting edge 5, one side of the cutting edge 5, which is far away from the axis of the tool body 1, is provided with a PCD composite sheet 6, the PCD composite sheet 6 is made of a polycrystalline diamond material, the cutting edge 5 comprises a main cutting edge 7 and an auxiliary cutting edge 8, the main cutting edge 7 is connected with the auxiliary cutting edge 8 by a transition arc edge 9, and the transition arc edge 9 is arc-shaped; end edge chip flutes 10 are arranged between adjacent cutting edges 5; the secondary cutting edge 8 extends to the second cutting region 4, the second cutting region 4 comprises a chip splitter 11, and the chip splitter 11 divides the secondary cutting edge 8 located in the second cutting region 4 into a plurality of sections of micro cutting edges 12.
According to the special cutter 100 for making the hole in the fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite, the micro cutting edge 12 is arranged in the second cutting area 4, more burrs are removed in the downward feeding process of the cutter, the phenomena of fiber layering and pulling-out at the outlet and the inlet of the hole are obviously improved, and the processing quality of the hole is improved; the transition arc edge 9 between the main cutting edge 7 and the auxiliary cutting edge 8 inhibits the occurrence of tool nose tipping in the drilling process, and prolongs the service life of the tool. The special tool 100 for drilling the fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite solves the problems of low processing efficiency, serious tool abrasion, more side wall burrs and obvious layering defects in the drilling process of the fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite.
The end part, far away from the second cutting area 4, of the first cutting area 3 is provided with a hollow structure 13, the hollow structure 13 is cylindrical, the hollow structure 13 and the cutter body 1 are coaxially arranged, the hollow structure 13 is arranged, so that the pressure of the cutter acting on a workpiece material in a hole making process is small, obvious inhibition effect on layered damage at a hole inlet and a hole outlet is achieved, and meanwhile, the hollow structure 13 and the end edge chip groove 10 are beneficial to discharging chips and avoiding blocking the cutter.
Further, a sipe 14 recessed in the axial direction of the cutter body 1 is provided between adjacent cutting edges 5, the sipe 14 is spirally provided around the axis of the cutter body 1, and the sipe 14 intersects with the chip separation groove 11 to obtain a micro cutting edge 12.
It should be further noted that the chip separation grooves 11 are spirally arranged around the axis of the cutter body 1, the rotating direction of the chip separation grooves 11 is opposite to that of the cutter grooves 14, the thread pitches of the chip separation grooves 11 are small, and the obtained multiple sections of micro cutting edges 12 are distributed at equal intervals.
Specifically, the cross section of the chip dividing groove 11 is V-shaped, in the present embodiment, the included angle of the cross section of the chip dividing groove 11 is 60 °, and in actual production, the chip dividing groove 11 can be ground and processed by using a diamond grinding wheel by using a high-precision five-axis tool grinding machine.
More specifically, one end of the first cutting area 3, which is far away from the second cutting area 4, is provided with a blade groove, the PCD composite sheet 6 is arranged in the blade groove, the PCD composite sheet 6 is connected with the cutter body 1 in a welding mode, the position accuracy of the PCD composite sheet 6 is guaranteed in the brazing process, and the brazing filler metal for welding is nickel-based alloy brazing filler metal, specifically nickel-based Ni-Cr alloy brazing filler metal containing Ni, Cr, B and other elements.
Meanwhile, the PCD compact 6 is a mixed-granularity PCD compact with the granularity of 2-30 μm, so that the service life of the cutter is prolonged, and the processing precision of the cutter is improved.
The specific cutting tool 100 for forming holes in a fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite according to the present invention will be further explained by using specific examples, which take the specific 4-blade cutting tool 100 with a diameter of 10mm as an example.
The special tool 100 for making the hole in the fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite material consists of a first cutting area 3 formed by brazing a PCD compact 6, a second cutting area 4 with a micro cutting edge 12 and a tool shank 2. Firstly, selecting a hollow cylindrical bar material with the length L equal to 100mm, and ensuring the diameter d of the outer circle of the cylinder by using a processing mode of wire cut electrical discharge machining and polishing110mm, the circular runout of the knife handle 2 is less than 5 μm, and the wall thickness is 2mm +/-0.1 mm. Then 4 end edge chip flutes 10, 4 cutter flutes 14, 4 blade flutes and 1 chip dividing flute 11 of the second cutting area 4 are machined by using a high-precision five-axis tool grinding machine, a micro cutting edge 12 is obtained by intersecting the cutter flutes 14 and the chip dividing flutes 11, and the edge length d is21mm, wherein the rake angle γ of the minor cutting edge 123Angle of clearance alpha of 30 DEG3The micro cutting edge 12 needs to be sharp enough to ensure cutting of the fiber burr 15 °.
After the machining, 4 pieces of Ni-Cr alloy brazing filler metal with the size of 2X 4X 1.5mm are put in a vacuum furnace3The mixed-granularity PCD compact 6 with the granularity of 2-30 mu m is brazed on the hard alloy cutter body 1, and in order to ensure the position precision of the PCD compact 6 in the brazing process, a special clamp is used for fixing and pressing the blade. After the brazing is finished, the temperature is kept for 30 minutes, then the steel plate is kept stand and cooled to room temperature, and then the back angles of the main cutting edge 7 and the auxiliary cutting edge 8 are machined by using an electric spark grinder, so that the roughness Ra of each back tool face is less than or equal to 12.5 microns. Wherein the rake angle γ of the main cutting edge 7 of the first cutting zone 31Angle of clearance α of 5 °1The strength of the main cutting edge 7 is ensured, and meanwhile, the axial force in the machining process is reduced to reduce the occurrence of layering defects; the radius R of the transition circular arc edge 9 where the main cutting edge 7 and the minor cutting edge 8 are transited is 0.2 mm; secondary cutting edge 8 relief angle alpha2The friction between the auxiliary rear cutter face and the side wall of the hole is reduced by 10 degrees, and the service life of the cutter is prolonged.
In the process of drilling, the cutter is hollow and has no cross edge, the pressure acting on a workpiece material is small, the layering damage at the inlet and the outlet of the hole is obviously inhibited, and meanwhile, chips can be well discharged by the hollow structure 13 and the four large end edge chip flutes 10 to avoid blocking the cutter. When the material was cut into earlier to PCD compound piece 6's main cutting edge 7, 5 anterior angles have guaranteed that the cutter has reduced the axial force when effectively getting rid of the material, have reduced the layering defect of hole export and entry, and the cutting edge life-span can not obviously be influenced simultaneously, and R is 0.2 mm's transition circular arc sword 9 has reduced the emergence that the knife tip bursts at the sword effectively, and secondary cutting edge 8 at PCD compound piece 6 then carries out first time to the burr of pore wall and repaiies, cuts away longer burr. With the feeding of the cutter, the micro cutting edges 12 of the second cutting area 4 start to enter holes to finish the burrs of the hole wall for the second time, as the chip grooves of the micro cutting edges 12 are spiral lines with the thread pitch of 1mm, the distance from each micro cutting edge 12 to the end face is different, the burrs can be scraped into the chip grooves and also cut by the sharp micro cutting edges 12 in the rotating process of the cutter, softer fiber burrs can be directly cut off or cut off by the sharp micro cutting edges 12 under the condition of high rotating speed of the cutter, and the burrs of the hole wall can be obviously reduced in the process.
The special tool 100 for making the hole by the fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite material can obviously reduce the layering defect at the entrance and the exit of the hole, the burr on the hole wall is greatly reduced by cutting the burr by the auxiliary cutting edge 8 of the first cutting area 3 and shearing the fiber by the micro cutting edge 12 and the chip groove which rotate at high speed in the second cutting area 4, and the PCD composite sheet 6 brazed in the first cutting area 3 increases the processing efficiency and obviously prolongs the service life of the tool.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying a specific example, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a special tool for fiber reinforcement ceramic matrix composite system hole, includes continuous cutter body and handle of a knife, its characterized in that: the tool body is provided with a first cutting area and a second cutting area which are connected, the second cutting area is connected with the tool handle, the first cutting area comprises a cutting edge, one side, far away from the axis of the tool body, of the cutting edge is provided with a PCD compact, the PCD compact is made of polycrystalline diamond materials, the cutting edge comprises a main cutting edge and an auxiliary cutting edge, the main cutting edge is connected with the auxiliary cutting edge through a transition arc edge, and the transition arc edge is arc-shaped; end edge chip flutes are arranged between adjacent cutting edges; the secondary cutting edge extends to the second cutting area, the second cutting area comprises a chip dividing groove, and the chip dividing groove divides the secondary cutting edge positioned in the second cutting area into a plurality of sections of micro cutting edges; and a cutter groove which is concave towards the axial direction of the cutter body is arranged between the adjacent cutting edges, and the cutter groove is spirally arranged around the axial line of the cutter body.
2. The special tool for drilling fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite according to claim 1, wherein: the end part, far away from the second cutting area, of the first cutting area is of a hollow structure, the hollow structure is cylindrical, and the hollow structure and the cutter body are coaxially arranged.
3. The special tool for drilling fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite according to claim 1, wherein: the chip separation grooves are spirally arranged around the axis of the cutter body, and the rotating direction of the chip separation grooves is opposite to that of the cutter grooves.
4. The special tool for drilling fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite according to claim 3, wherein: the cross section of the chip dividing groove is V-shaped.
5. The special tool for drilling fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite according to claim 1, wherein: one end of the first cutting area, which is far away from the second cutting area, is provided with an insert groove, the PCD compact is arranged in the insert groove, and the PCD compact is connected with the cutter body in a welding mode.
6. The special tool for drilling fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite according to claim 1, wherein: the PCD compact is a mixed-granularity PCD compact with the granularity of 2-30 mu m.
7. The special tool for drilling fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite according to claim 1, wherein: the number of the cutting edges is four, and the four cutting edges are uniformly distributed around the axis of the cutter body in a circumferential manner.
8. The special tool for drilling fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite according to claim 1, wherein: the front angle of the main cutting edge is 5 degrees, and the rear angle is 8 degrees; the relief angle of the secondary cutting edge is 10 °, the rake angle of the micro cutting edge is 30 °, and the relief angle is 15 °.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110207303.0A CN112976350B (en) | 2021-02-24 | 2021-02-24 | Special cutter for making holes in fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110207303.0A CN112976350B (en) | 2021-02-24 | 2021-02-24 | Special cutter for making holes in fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite |
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| CN112976350A CN112976350A (en) | 2021-06-18 |
| CN112976350B true CN112976350B (en) | 2022-02-22 |
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| CN115921964B (en) * | 2022-11-01 | 2023-10-03 | 南京航空航天大学 | Milling cutter, use method and manufacturing method thereof |
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| CN2647479Y (en) * | 2003-10-29 | 2004-10-13 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Synneusis diamond rough and precision milling cutter |
| CN201693220U (en) * | 2010-03-30 | 2011-01-05 | 浙江欣兴工具有限公司 | Annular drill cutter |
| CN102481640A (en) * | 2009-09-03 | 2012-05-30 | 钴碳化钨硬质合金公司 | Rotary cutting tool having a cutting edge formed of veined PCD |
| CN105834499A (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2016-08-10 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Staggered PCD milling cutter used for processing reinforced fiber polymer and method |
| CN107378009A (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2017-11-24 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of micro- serrated knife tool of multi-ladder multiple-cutting-edge gradual change for carbon fibre composite drilling |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL205811A (en) * | 2010-05-17 | 2015-03-31 | Iscar Ltd | Milling tool and cutting insert therefor |
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2021
- 2021-02-24 CN CN202110207303.0A patent/CN112976350B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2647479Y (en) * | 2003-10-29 | 2004-10-13 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Synneusis diamond rough and precision milling cutter |
| CN102481640A (en) * | 2009-09-03 | 2012-05-30 | 钴碳化钨硬质合金公司 | Rotary cutting tool having a cutting edge formed of veined PCD |
| CN201693220U (en) * | 2010-03-30 | 2011-01-05 | 浙江欣兴工具有限公司 | Annular drill cutter |
| CN105834499A (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2016-08-10 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Staggered PCD milling cutter used for processing reinforced fiber polymer and method |
| CN107378009A (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2017-11-24 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of micro- serrated knife tool of multi-ladder multiple-cutting-edge gradual change for carbon fibre composite drilling |
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