CN112975741B - Conical surface driving shifting fork device and grinding machine - Google Patents
Conical surface driving shifting fork device and grinding machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN112975741B CN112975741B CN201911285864.1A CN201911285864A CN112975741B CN 112975741 B CN112975741 B CN 112975741B CN 201911285864 A CN201911285864 A CN 201911285864A CN 112975741 B CN112975741 B CN 112975741B
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- shifting fork
- pin
- conical surface
- fork
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/04—Headstocks; Working-spindles; Features relating thereto
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B47/00—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor
- B24B47/10—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor for rotating or reciprocating working-spindles carrying grinding wheels or workpieces
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Steering-Linkage Mechanisms And Four-Wheel Steering (AREA)
- Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a conical surface driving shifting fork device, belongs to the technical field of grinding devices, and comprises a shifting fork disc, a tip and three shifting fork pin shafts. The shifting fork disc is used for being installed at the end part of a driving rod of a main shaft of the grinding machine, a top used for abutting against the center of the end face of the axle is rotatably arranged in the middle of the shifting fork disc, three mounting holes are formed in the end face of the shifting fork disc, and the three mounting holes are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the top; and the end parts of the shifting fork pin shafts are provided with conical surfaces matched with the internal chamfer angles of the threaded holes at the ends of the vehicle axles. The invention also provides a grinding machine using the conical surface driving shifting fork device. According to the conical surface driving shifting fork device, the shifting fork pin shaft does not need to be inserted into the threaded hole, only the conical surface and the inner chamfer angle are abutted and matched, and the thread tooth point can be effectively protected.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of grinding devices, and particularly relates to a conical surface driving shifting fork device.
Background
In the grinding process of bogie axles of urban rails and subways, the conventional driving mode of axle rotation is inserted bar pin shifting fork driving.
When the inserted bar pin shifting fork is adopted for driving, the three inserted bar pins are inserted into the three threaded holes at the shaft end, and the driving inserted bar pin of the main shaft of the numerical control grinding machine further drives the driven axle to rotate so as to complete the workpiece rotating motion in axle grinding. The inserted bar pin driven by the inserted bar pin shifting fork is inserted into the three threaded holes at the end part of the axle, and the inserted bar pin is in point contact with the thread tooth point, so that the thread tooth point is easy to damage due to small contact area and large pressure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a conical surface driving shifting fork device, and aims to solve the problem that in the grinding process of bogie axles of urban rails and subways, a inserted bar pin needs to be inserted into a threaded hole, and a thread tooth point is easy to damage.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: there is provided a bevel drive fork arrangement comprising: the center of the end face of the axle is rotatably provided with a top point which is used for propping against the center of the end face of the axle, the end face of the shifting fork disc is provided with three mounting holes, and the three mounting holes are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the top point;
the three shifting fork pin shafts are respectively arranged in the three mounting holes, and the end parts of the shifting fork pin shafts are provided with conical surfaces matched with the internal chamfer angles of the threaded holes at the end parts of the vehicle axles;
the three shifting fork pin shafts are respectively abutted against the inner chamfer angles of the three threaded holes at the end part of the axle by means of the conical surface, and the driving rod is used for driving the axle to rotate by driving the three shifting fork pin shafts on the shifting fork disc.
As another embodiment of this application, the shift fork round pin axle includes:
one end of the connecting pin is connected with the mounting hole;
the connecting end is arranged at the other end of the connecting pin, and the conical surface is arranged at the end part of the connecting end, which is far away from the connecting pin;
the locking bolt is used for connecting the connecting pin and the connecting end head;
the elastic piece is arranged between the connecting pin and the connecting end, and the locking bolt penetrates through the elastic piece.
As another embodiment of this application, with connecting pin axis vertically connect the terminal surface of end and seted up the counter sink, locking bolt runs through connect the end, and with connecting pin threaded connection, locking bolt's tieing support lean on in the bottom surface of counter sink.
As another embodiment of the present application, the mounting hole and the connection pin are threadedly coupled.
As another embodiment of this application, the elastic component is a plurality of dish springs, and is a plurality of dish spring overlaps in proper order and establishes on the locking bolt.
As another embodiment of the present application, the placing directions of the adjacent disc springs are opposite.
As another embodiment of the present application, the connection terminal includes:
a sleeve is arranged at one end of the gland, the sleeve is sleeved on the connecting pin, and the elastic piece is arranged in the sleeve and abuts against the end face of the connecting pin;
the conical sleeve is connected to the other end of the gland, and the conical surface is arranged at one end, far away from the gland, of the conical sleeve.
As another embodiment of the application, the gland and the conical sleeve are in threaded connection.
As another embodiment of this application, the circumference of gland outer wall is equipped with the location sloping platform that the interior chamfer of mounting hole matches.
The conical surface driving shifting fork device provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the conical surface driving shifting fork device has the advantages that the shifting fork disc is arranged at the end part of the driving rod, the three shifting fork pin shafts are respectively and correspondingly arranged in the mounting holes, the driving rod moves towards the direction close to the axle, the three shifting fork pin shafts are respectively inserted into the corresponding mounting holes, the conical surfaces at the end parts of the shifting fork pin shafts abut against the inner chamfer angles of the threaded holes, the driving rod rotates, the rotation of the axle is realized through the matching of the conical surfaces of the three shifting fork pin shafts and the chamfer angles in the threaded holes, and therefore the axle is ground. By using the device, the shifting fork pin shaft does not need to be inserted into the threaded hole, and only the conical surface and the inner chamfer are required to be abutted against and matched, so that the thread tooth point can be effectively protected.
The invention also provides a grinding machine which comprises the conical surface driving shifting fork device.
Compared with the prior art, the grinding machine provided by the invention has the advantages that the conical surface driving shifting fork device is used, the shifting fork disc is arranged at the end part of the driving rod, the three shifting fork pin shafts are respectively and correspondingly arranged in the mounting holes, the driving rod moves towards the direction close to the axle, the three shifting fork pin shafts are respectively inserted into the corresponding mounting holes, the conical surfaces at the end parts of the shifting fork pin shafts abut against the inner chamfer angles of the threaded holes, the rotation of the driving rod realizes the rotation of the axle through the matching of the conical surfaces of the three shifting fork pin shafts and the chamfer angles in the threaded holes, and thus the axle is ground. By using the device, the shifting fork pin shaft does not need to be inserted into the threaded hole, and only the conical surface and the inner chamfer are required to be abutted against and matched, so that the thread tooth point can be effectively protected.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed for the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a bevel driving fork device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a fork pin of the conical surface driving fork device according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a connecting pin of the bevel drive fork device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a gland of the bevel driving fork device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a conical sleeve of the conical surface driving fork device according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of the operating state of the bevel driving fork device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 100. a fork disc; 200. a tip; 300. a shifting fork pin shaft; 301. a conical surface; 302. a connecting pin; 3021. a plug bush; 303. connecting the end heads; 3031. a gland; 3032. a conical sleeve; 304. locking the bolt; 305. an elastic member; 306. a countersunk hole; 307. positioning the sloping bench; 400. an axle; 401. a threaded bore.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, a tapered fork driving apparatus according to the present invention will now be described. The conical surface driving shifting fork device comprises a shifting fork disc 100, a tip 200 and three shifting fork pin shafts 300.
The shifting fork disc 100 is used for being installed at the end part of a driving rod of a main shaft of a grinding machine, a top tip 200 used for abutting against the center of the end face of a shaft 400 is rotatably arranged in the middle of the shifting fork disc 100, three mounting holes are formed in the end face of the shifting fork disc 100, and the three mounting holes are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the top tip 200; the three shifting fork pin shafts 300 are respectively arranged in the three mounting holes, and the end parts of the shifting fork pin shafts 300 are provided with conical surfaces 301 matched with the inner chamfers of the threaded holes 401 at the end parts of the axles 400; the three shifting fork pin shafts 300 are respectively abutted against the inner chamfer angles of three threaded holes 401 at the end part of the axle 400 by means of the conical surfaces 301, and the driving rods are used for driving the axle 400 to rotate by driving the three shifting fork pin shafts 300 on the shifting fork disc 100.
The shifting fork disc 100 is installed at the end part of a driving rod of a main shaft of the grinding machine through a bolt thread, the center of the shifting fork disc 100 is rotatably provided with a tip 200 through a bearing assembly, and the end part of the tip 200 abuts against the center of the end part of the axle 400. Three mounting holes are formed in the end face of the shifting fork disc 100, the positions of the three mounting holes correspond to the positions of three threaded holes 401 in the axle 400, and the shifting fork pin shafts 300 are correspondingly mounted in the mounting holes respectively.
Compared with the prior art, the conical surface driving shifting fork device provided by the invention has the advantages that the shifting fork disc 100 is arranged at the end part of the driving rod, the three shifting fork pin shafts 300 are respectively and correspondingly arranged in the mounting holes, the driving rod moves towards the direction close to the axle 400, the three shifting fork pin shafts 300 are respectively inserted into the corresponding mounting holes, the conical surfaces 301 at the end parts of the shifting fork pin shafts 300 are abutted against the inner chamfer angles of the threaded holes 401, the rotation of the axle 400 is realized through the matching of the conical surfaces 301 of the three shifting fork pin shafts 300 and the inner chamfer angles of the threaded holes 401 when the driving rod rotates, and the axle 400 is ground. By using the device, the shifting fork pin shaft 300 is not required to be inserted into the threaded hole 401, and only the conical surface 301 and the inner chamfer are required to be abutted against the matching, so that the thread cusp can be effectively protected.
Referring to fig. 2, a shift fork pin 300 includes a connecting pin 302, a connecting head 303, a locking bolt 304, and an elastic member 305.
One end of the connecting pin 302 is connected with the mounting hole; the connecting end 303 is arranged at the other end of the connecting pin 302, and the tapered surface 301 is arranged at the end part of the connecting end 303 far away from the connecting pin 302; a locking bolt 304 for connecting said connecting pin 302 and said connecting end head 303; an elastic member 305 is disposed between the connecting pin 302 and the connecting end 303, and the locking bolt 304 penetrates the elastic member 305. In this embodiment, the shift fork pin 300 is composed of a connecting pin 302, a connecting end 303 and an elastic member 305, and they are connected in sequence by a locking bolt 304, so that they are integrated. The connecting pin 302 is mounted to the yoke disc 100 through a mounting hole with a tapered surface 301 at the end of the connecting head 303 and a resilient member 305 therebetween. The resilient member 305 provides the fork pin 300 with axial flexibility, ensuring that the fork pin 300 fits well against the threaded bore 401 when the tip 200 is pushed against the center of the axle 400.
As a specific embodiment of the conical surface driving fork device provided by the present invention, referring to fig. 2 and 5, a countersunk hole 306 is formed in an end surface of the connecting end 303 perpendicular to an axis of the connecting pin 302, the locking bolt 304 penetrates through the connecting end 303 and is in threaded connection with the connecting pin 302, and a head of the locking bolt 304 abuts against a bottom surface of the countersunk hole 306. In this embodiment, a through hole is formed in the center of the connection end 303, the counter bore 306 is located on one side of the through hole close to the tapered surface 301, the diameter of the counter bore 306 is larger than that of the through hole, and the bolt head of the locking bolt 304 can be completely accommodated in the counter bore 306, so that the bolt head of the locking bolt 304 is prevented from protruding outwards to influence the connection between the shifting fork pin shaft 300 and the threaded hole 401.
Referring to fig. 1, as an embodiment of the bevel driving fork device provided by the present invention, the mounting hole is threadedly coupled to the connecting pin 302. In this embodiment, the mounting hole is a threaded hole 401, and the connecting pin 302 is a threaded pin, which are connected by threads, so as to facilitate disassembly and assembly.
As a specific embodiment of the conical surface driving fork shifting device provided in the present invention, please refer to fig. 2, wherein the elastic member 305 is a plurality of disc springs, and the plurality of disc springs are sequentially sleeved on the locking bolt 304. In this embodiment, the disc spring is made of high-quality spring steel No. 65Mn steel, and exerts the jacking force of the shifting fork pin shaft 300 and plays a role in overload protection.
As a specific embodiment of the conical surface driving fork device provided by the present invention, please refer to fig. 2, the placing directions of the adjacent disc springs are opposite. In this embodiment, the number of disc springs is three, and adjacent disc springs are arranged in the opposite direction, and three series connection stacking method is realized, and the stroke is 3, and elasticity is 1 time, and the disc springs placed in the opposite direction provide better overload protection effect.
Referring to fig. 2 to 5, as an embodiment of the bevel driving fork device provided by the present invention, the connection end 303 includes a gland 3031 and a conical sleeve 3032.
A sleeve is arranged at one end of the gland 3031, the sleeve is sleeved on the connecting pin 302, and the elastic element 305 is arranged in the sleeve and abuts against the end surface of the connecting pin 302; the conical sleeve 3032 is connected to the other end of the gland 3031, and the conical surface 301 is arranged at one end of the conical sleeve far away from the gland 3031. In this embodiment, the sleeve and the gland 3031 are integrally formed, and are all made of high-quality carbon steel No. 45, the connecting pin 302 penetrates through the sleeve and can slide along the axial direction of the sleeve, the elastic member 305 is located in the sleeve, one end of the elastic member abuts against the bottom surface of the sleeve, the other end of the elastic member abuts against the end surface of the connecting pin 302, and the change of the distance of the gland 3031 relative to the connecting pin 302 is realized through the expansion and contraction of the elastic member 305, so that the overload protection of the shift fork pin shaft 300 is realized. The plug sleeve 3021 is further arranged at one end of the connecting pin 302, the plug sleeve 3021 is sleeved on the rod portion of the locking bolt 304, the length of the plug sleeve 3021 is smaller than the length of the sleeve, the difference between the length of the plug sleeve 3021 and the length of the sleeve is the compressible distance of the gland 3031 relative to the connecting pin 302, and is the maximum compressible distance of the elastic element 305, the plug sleeve 3021 can limit the compression distance of the elastic element 305, and the problem that the elastic element 305 fails elastically due to the fact that the compression distance of the elastic element 305 is too large is avoided. The tapered sleeve is machined from a copper material H62, H62 is a piece of tetra-hexa-brass, which has high hardness at room temperature, can bear large loads, and can avoid breaking when bearing alternating loads of the rotation of the axle 400.
Referring to fig. 2, as a specific embodiment of the conical surface driven fork shifting device provided by the present invention, the gland 3031 is threadedly connected with the conical sleeve 3032. In this embodiment, a threaded column is integrally formed at one end of the gland 3031, which is far away from the sleeve, a connecting sleeve with internal threads is arranged at one end of the conical sleeve 3032, and the conical sleeve 3032 is mounted on the gland 3031 through the threaded fit of the connecting sleeve and the threaded column, so that the conical sleeve 3032 is convenient to detach.
As a specific embodiment of the conical surface driving fork shifting device provided by the present invention, referring to fig. 4, a positioning ramp 307 matching with the inner chamfer of the mounting hole is disposed in the circumferential direction of the outer wall of the gland 3031. In this embodiment, the positioning ramp 307 is provided with an inclined surface in the circumferential direction, and the inclined surface matches with the inner chamfer of the mounting hole. When the shifting fork pin shaft 300 is installed in the installation hole through threads, the shifting fork pin shaft 300 is continuously screwed into the installation hole and finally clamped on an inner chamfer of the installation hole through the positioning inclined table 307, the screwing depth of the shifting fork pin shaft 300 into the installation hole can be limited, and the situation that the shifting fork pin shaft 300 is screwed into the installation hole too deeply, so that the exposed end of the shifting fork pin shaft 300 is too short, and the matching of the shifting fork pin shaft 300 and a threaded hole 401 in the axle 400 is influenced is avoided. The length of the exposed end is not more than 25cm, is shortened by more than 3/2 compared with a standard inserted bar (length 80cm), and the risk of breaking caused by overlong inserted bar is absolutely avoided.
The invention also provides a grinding machine which comprises the conical surface driving shifting fork device.
Compared with the prior art, the grinding machine provided by the invention has the advantages that due to the adoption of the conical surface driving shifting fork device, the shifting fork disc 100 is arranged at the end part of the driving rod, the three shifting fork pin shafts 300 are respectively and correspondingly arranged in the mounting holes, the driving rod moves towards the direction close to the axle 400, the three shifting fork pin shafts 300 are respectively inserted into the corresponding mounting holes, the conical surfaces 301 at the end parts of the shifting fork pin shafts 300 are abutted against the inner chamfer angles of the threaded holes 401, and the rotation of the axle 400 is realized through the matching of the conical surfaces 301 of the three shifting fork pin shafts 300 and the inner chamfer angles of the threaded holes 401 when the driving rod rotates, so that the axle 400 is ground. By using the device, the shifting fork pin shaft 300 is not required to be inserted into the threaded hole 401, and only the conical surface 301 and the inner chamfer are required to be abutted against the matching, so that the thread cusp can be effectively protected.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. Conical surface drive shift fork device, its characterized in that includes:
the center of the end face of the axle is rotatably provided with a top point which is used for propping against the center of the end face of the axle, the end face of the shifting fork disc is provided with three mounting holes, and the three mounting holes are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the top point;
the three shifting fork pin shafts are respectively arranged in the three mounting holes, the end parts of the shifting fork pin shafts are provided with conical surfaces matched with the internal chamfers of the threaded holes at the ends of the vehicle axles, the conical surfaces and the internal chamfers are abutted and matched, and the shifting fork pin shafts do not need to be inserted into the threaded holes;
the three shifting fork pin shafts are respectively abutted against the inner chamfer angles of the three threaded holes at the end part of the axle by means of the conical surface, and the driving rod is used for driving the axle to rotate by driving the three shifting fork pin shafts on the shifting fork disc.
2. A bevel drive fork arrangement as defined in claim 1, wherein the fork pin comprises:
one end of the connecting pin is connected with the mounting hole;
the connecting end is arranged at the other end of the connecting pin, and the conical surface is arranged at the end part of the connecting end, which is far away from the connecting pin;
the locking bolt is used for connecting the connecting pin and the connecting end head;
the elastic piece is arranged between the connecting pin and the connecting end, and the locking bolt penetrates through the elastic piece.
3. The conical surface driving fork shifting device according to claim 2, wherein a countersunk hole is formed in an end surface of the connecting end perpendicular to the axis of the connecting pin, the locking bolt penetrates through the connecting end and is in threaded connection with the connecting pin, and a bolt head of the locking bolt abuts against the bottom surface of the countersunk hole.
4. The bevel drive fork arrangement of claim 2, wherein the mounting bore is threadably connected to the connector pin.
5. The bevel drive fork arrangement of claim 2, wherein the resilient member comprises a plurality of disc springs that are sequentially received on the lock bolt.
6. The bevel drive fork arrangement of claim 5, wherein adjacent ones of said disc springs are disposed in opposite directions.
7. The bevel drive fork arrangement of claim 2, wherein said connection end includes:
a sleeve is arranged at one end of the gland, the sleeve is sleeved on the connecting pin, and the elastic piece is arranged in the sleeve and abuts against the end face of the connecting pin;
the conical sleeve is connected to the other end of the gland, and the conical surface is arranged at one end, far away from the gland, of the conical sleeve.
8. The bevel drive fork arrangement of claim 7, wherein the gland and the conical sleeve are threadably connected.
9. The bevel drive fork arrangement of claim 7, wherein the outer wall of the gland is circumferentially provided with a locating ramp that matches the internal chamfer of the mounting hole.
10. A grinding machine comprising a bevel drive fork arrangement as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911285864.1A CN112975741B (en) | 2019-12-13 | 2019-12-13 | Conical surface driving shifting fork device and grinding machine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911285864.1A CN112975741B (en) | 2019-12-13 | 2019-12-13 | Conical surface driving shifting fork device and grinding machine |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112975741A CN112975741A (en) | 2021-06-18 |
| CN112975741B true CN112975741B (en) | 2022-02-11 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201911285864.1A Active CN112975741B (en) | 2019-12-13 | 2019-12-13 | Conical surface driving shifting fork device and grinding machine |
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| CN (1) | CN112975741B (en) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH02311207A (en) * | 1989-05-27 | 1990-12-26 | Okuma Mach Works Ltd | Face driver holder |
| CN203390669U (en) * | 2013-08-27 | 2014-01-15 | 南车长江车辆有限公司 | Grinding pulling plate for freight car axle |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2681765B2 (en) * | 1995-08-10 | 1997-11-26 | 中山精工株式会社 | Workpiece center support chuck device |
| KR101260746B1 (en) * | 2011-04-26 | 2013-05-06 | 천은선 | center plug with the chuckjaw of taper |
| JP6044594B2 (en) * | 2014-06-10 | 2016-12-14 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Processing material for face drive and processing method of the processing material |
| CN204052946U (en) * | 2014-08-05 | 2014-12-31 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | One is stirred top |
| CN204276927U (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2015-04-22 | 四川工程职业技术学院 | A kind of end-driver center |
| CN205147905U (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-04-13 | 长春轨道客车装备有限责任公司 | Novel axle for vehicle location drive frock |
| CN107234474B (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2023-07-04 | 桂林福达齿轮有限公司 | Be used for bevel gear action wheel terminal surface drive finish turning anchor clamps |
| CN109158907A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2019-01-08 | 山西维达机械制造有限公司 | A kind of method of processing step axis outer surface |
-
2019
- 2019-12-13 CN CN201911285864.1A patent/CN112975741B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH02311207A (en) * | 1989-05-27 | 1990-12-26 | Okuma Mach Works Ltd | Face driver holder |
| CN203390669U (en) * | 2013-08-27 | 2014-01-15 | 南车长江车辆有限公司 | Grinding pulling plate for freight car axle |
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| CN112975741A (en) | 2021-06-18 |
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