CN112975400A - Variable-axis multi-laser turning-multi-axis CNC milling composite machining method and system - Google Patents
Variable-axis multi-laser turning-multi-axis CNC milling composite machining method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN112975400A CN112975400A CN202110200091.3A CN202110200091A CN112975400A CN 112975400 A CN112975400 A CN 112975400A CN 202110200091 A CN202110200091 A CN 202110200091A CN 112975400 A CN112975400 A CN 112975400A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P23/00—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/0093—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring combined with mechanical machining or metal-working covered by other subclasses than B23K
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
Abstract
The invention discloses a variable-axis multi-laser turning-multi-axis CNC milling composite processing method, which comprises the following steps of: at least using at least one laser beam to physically and/or chemically modify and/or laser micro-removing and reshaping and/or removing the material difficult to process on the surface layer of the workpiece; and processing the workpiece by utilizing a CNC multi-axis milling mode, wherein the multi-axis is more than four axes. The invention also discloses a variable-axis multi-laser turning-multi-axis CNC milling composite processing system which comprises a laser turning unit, a CNC milling unit, a computer control unit and the like. The invention can realize the high-performance process composite processing of various characteristics on multi-coordinate processing equipment aiming at hard brittle difficult-to-process materials, difficult-to-cut materials and other extreme performance materials, and particularly realizes the high-precision numerical control processing of curved surfaces, microstructure characteristics with vector angles and the like on a revolving body, wherein the workpiece characteristics have general adaptability and expansibility, and the realization form has the advantages of diversity, flexibility and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a machining method of a mechanical workpiece, in particular to a multi-laser multi-axis turning-CNC (Computer Numerical Control) milling composite machining method and a system.
Background
Advanced, leading and extreme materials (such as super-hard, super-brittle, super-soft, composite materials, difficult-to-cut materials and the like) have great application value in key fields of aerospace, space exploration and the like, and have very wide application prospects in the development field of modern science and technology. However, there are significant challenges in machining workpieces based on such materials (e.g., rotating parts).
Taking a hard and brittle material as an example, the material has high hardness and high brittleness, so that the processing geometric precision and the surface integrity are difficult to ensure when functional structural feature processing is carried out, the material is easy to damage, and the processing efficiency is low. The concrete expression is as follows: in conventional mechanical/ultrasonic processing, a cutter is seriously abraded, burrs exist, fibers are easily pulled out, the processing consistency is poor, and the efficiency is difficult to improve; in the traditional turning process, if the requirement on quality is higher, the processing efficiency is difficult to guarantee, and if the processing with a large material removal rate is to be realized, the loss of surface quality is often used as a cost; when the slender type rotary parts are machined, the rigidity is poor, the deformation is easy to occur, and the precision control is difficult.
How to realize the precise functional micro-machining of the advanced, leading and extreme materials is an important problem to be solved urgently in the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a variable-axis multi-laser turning-multi-axis CNC milling composite machining method and system, so that the defects of the prior art are overcome.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises the following steps:
one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a variable-axis multi-laser turning-multi-axis CNC milling composite processing method, which includes:
a variable axis laser turning operation comprising: performing pretreatment and/or removal processing on at least a difficult-to-process material on the surface layer of the workpiece by using more than one laser beam, wherein the pretreatment comprises physical and/or chemical modification and/or laser fine removal modification, and the spatial posture of at least one laser beam relative to the workpiece is adjustable;
a CNC milling operation comprising: processing a workpiece by utilizing a CNC multi-axis milling mode, wherein the multi-axis is more than four axes;
wherein the variable axis laser turning operation, the CNC milling operation are performed simultaneously or in steps.
The synchronization refers to real-time parallel in time. The steps refer to the time sequence.
In some embodiments, the variable axis multi-laser turning-multi-axis CNC milling composite processing method specifically includes: performing the variable axis laser turning operation in a three-dimensional coordinate system, and performing space vector control on at least one laser beam during the variable axis laser turning operation, so that the at least one laser beam performs at least one of the following actions:
changing the distance between the focus of the at least one laser beam passing through the corresponding optical path system and the processing area of the workpiece;
and (2) relatively moving the focus of the at least one laser beam after passing through the corresponding optical path system and the workpiece at least along the Z axis of the three-dimensional coordinate system, and/or rotating the focus of the at least one laser beam after passing through the corresponding optical path system around the X axis or the Y axis of the three-dimensional coordinate system and controlling the rotation angle, thereby realizing the defocusing amount and spatial attitude control of the at least one laser beam relative to the processing area of the workpiece.
In some embodiments, the variable axis laser turning operation comprises:
synchronously carrying out the pretreatment and/or the removal processing on different processing areas of the workpiece by utilizing a plurality of laser beams with different characteristics or the same characteristic;
alternatively, the pre-treatment and/or the removal process may be performed on the same processing area of the workpiece in steps using lasers having different characteristics or the same characteristics.
In some embodiments, the physical and/or chemical modification comprises: the hard-to-process material on the surface layer of the workpiece is softened, melted, gasified or broken by the thermal effect and/or the photo-chemical effect generated by the laser beam.
In some embodiments, the laser micro-ablation reshaping comprises: the surface layer of the workpiece is removed finely by the pulse laser to change the shape.
In some embodiments, the CNC milling operation comprises: and the cutting tool is used for carrying out three-axis linkage machining or positioning machining on the workpiece in a computer digital control mode.
In some embodiments, the method for variable axis multi-laser turning-multi-axis CNC milling composite processing further comprises: during the performance of the variable axis laser turning operation and/or CNC milling operation, the workpiece is caused to undergo a gyratory motion about the axis of rotation.
In some embodiments, the method for variable axis multi-laser turning-multi-axis CNC milling composite processing further comprises: and alternately repeating the variable-axis laser turning operation and the CNC milling operation to machine the workpiece until the target machining precision is reached, and then stopping machining.
Another aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides a variable-axis multi-laser turning-multi-axis CNC milling composite machining system, which is applied to any one of the composite machining methods described above, and which includes:
the laser turning unit comprises more than one laser and an optical path system tail end or a laser processing head matched with the laser, and is used for executing variable-axis laser turning operation;
the CNC milling unit comprises a milling cutter and a milling motion module connected with the milling cutter and is used for executing CNC milling operation; and
and the computer control unit is connected with the laser turning unit and the CNC milling unit.
In some embodiments, the end of the optical path system or the laser processing head corresponding to the one or more lasers can move in a three-dimensional coordinate system, so that the focal point of the laser beam emitted by the one or more lasers after passing through the optical path system and the workpiece move relatively at least along the Z-axis of the three-dimensional coordinate system, and/or the focal point of the laser beam emitted by the one or more lasers after passing through the corresponding optical path system rotates around the X-axis or the Y-axis of the three-dimensional coordinate system.
In some embodiments, the laser and the corresponding end of the optical path system or laser processing head are plural.
In some embodiments, the laser turning unit further comprises an online monitoring device cooperating with the laser, the online detection device comprising any one or combination of a CCD vision detection system and a position locating device, and is not limited thereto.
In some embodiments, the milling motion module is capable of driving the milling cutter to perform linear motion along an X-axis, a Y-axis, and a Z-axis and rotational motion around at least one of the X-axis, the Y-axis, and the Z-axis in a three-dimensional coordinate system, and when the composite machining system is in operation, the workpiece is fixed on a spindle and is capable of rotating around a spindle axis.
In some embodiments, the CNC milling unit further comprises an online detection device cooperating with the milling motion module, the online detection device comprises any one or a combination of a machine vision detection device, a sound sensor, a force feedback position measurement device, and a laser displacement sensor, and is not limited thereto.
Compared with the prior art, by the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, various characteristic high-performance process composite processing can be realized on multi-coordinate processing equipment aiming at hard and brittle difficult-to-process materials, difficult-to-cut materials and other extreme performance materials, particularly high-precision numerical control processing of curved surfaces, microstructure characteristics with vector angles and the like on a revolving body is realized, the workpiece characteristics have general adaptability and expansibility, the realization form has the advantages of diversity, flexibility and the like, and the method is suitable for various application occasions.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a variable axis multiple laser turning-multiple axis CNC milling combined machining system in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a variable axis multi-laser turning-multi-axis CNC milling combined machining of curved microstructure features of a revolving body component in an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a process for performing variable axis multi-laser turning-multi-axis CNC milling combined machining on curved microstructure features of a revolving body component in an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a variable axis multiple laser turning-multiple axis CNC milling composite process for the inclined surface and additional features of the inclined surface of a solid of revolution component in an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a variable axis multiple laser turning-multiple axis CNC milling composite process for the inclined planes and additional features added to the inclined planes of a solid of revolution component in an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be more fully understood from the following detailed description, which should be read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Detailed embodiments of the present invention are disclosed herein; however, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, which can be embodied in various forms. Therefore, specific functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present invention in virtually any appropriately detailed embodiment.
Unless specifically stated otherwise, use of the terms "comprising", "including", "having" or "having" is generally to be understood as open-ended and not limiting.
It should be understood that the order of steps or the order in which particular actions are performed is not critical, so long as the teachings of the invention remain operable. Further, two or more steps or actions may be performed simultaneously.
The embodiment of the invention provides a variable-axis multi-laser turning-multi-axis CNC milling composite processing method, which comprises the following steps:
a variable axis laser turning operation comprising: performing pretreatment and/or removal processing on at least a difficult-to-process material on a surface layer of a workpiece by using more than one laser beam, wherein the pretreatment comprises physical and/or chemical modification and/or laser fine removal reshaping, and the defocusing amount and the spatial posture of at least one laser beam relative to the workpiece are adjustable (namely, variable axis);
a CNC milling operation comprising: processing the workpiece by using a CNC multi-axis milling mode;
wherein the variable axis laser turning operation, the CNC milling operation are performed simultaneously or in steps.
In some cases, the variable axis laser turning operation, CNC milling operation may achieve spatial distribution, time synchronization.
Furthermore, the variable-axis laser turning operation and the CNC milling operation can be performed in a linkage manner, namely, the variable-axis laser turning operation and the CNC milling operation can be performed in a linkage manner, and the respective advantages of the variable-axis laser turning operation and the CNC milling operation are exerted respectively aiming at different processing characteristics of a workpiece, so that selective partition and characteristic-driven combined processing is performed; or, the processes or energy fields of the variable axis laser turning and the CNC milling are performed in time in sequence aiming at the same machining area of the workpiece, and the variable axis laser turning is the auxiliary treatment of the CNC milling.
Further, the variable axis laser turning operation may include:
the preprocessing and/or removing processing is carried out on different processing areas of the workpiece by utilizing a plurality of laser beams with different characteristics or the same characteristics synchronously (in real time and in parallel);
alternatively, the pre-treatment and/or the removal machining are carried out in steps (in time sequence) on the same machining area of the workpiece by using lasers with different characteristics or the same characteristics.
In some cases, the variable axis laser turning operation may be defined as variable axis multiple laser turning, i.e., simultaneous fine removal machining (simultaneous different space machining) using multiple laser segments with different or the same characteristics, or multiple laser segments (time-sequentially) machining the same area in steps to achieve material removal for different process purposes.
Further, the composite processing method may include: when the variable-axis laser turning operation is executed, the more than one laser beams are subjected to space vector regulation and control so as to optimize the processing action area of the laser beams and the difficult-to-process material of the workpiece.
Specifically, the composite processing method may include: performing the variable axis laser turning operation in a three dimensional coordinate system and performing at least one of the following actions during the performance of the variable axis laser turning operation:
adjusting the distance between the focus of the at least one laser beam passing through the corresponding optical path system and the processing area of the workpiece;
and enabling the focus of the at least one laser beam after passing through the corresponding optical path system and the workpiece to move relatively along the Z axis of the three-dimensional coordinate system, and/or enabling the focus of the at least one laser beam after passing through the corresponding optical path system to rotate around the X axis or the Y axis of the three-dimensional coordinate system and control the rotation angle, thereby realizing the spatial attitude control of the at least one laser beam relative to the processing area of the workpiece. Preferably, a vibration assist may be added to the at least one laser beam in order to achieve dynamic characteristics of the beam motion, the vibration including low, medium or high frequency and/or ultrasonic vibration. Through the vibration of the additional edge of the laser beam axis, the defocusing amount between the laser spot and the processed material can be adjusted, meanwhile, the heat dissipation effect in the action process of the laser heat and the workpiece material can be improved through the kinematic change of the processing area, the process is reasonably regulated and controlled, and the improvement of the processing heat influence is further realized.
In some cases, the Z-axis of the three-dimensional coordinate system (generally, the rotation center of the rotation-type workpiece is referred to as Z-axis) may be an axis of the workpiece, particularly a rotation axis of a rotating part (hereinafter, referred to as a rotation body).
Furthermore, the Z axis is an axis of the revolving body, a focal point of at least one laser beam passing through the corresponding optical path system can perform linear motion along the axis direction of the revolving body, and can also perform linear motion along a direction perpendicular to the axis of the revolving body, and two rotational degrees of freedom are added; in addition, the revolving workpiece can also rotate. In this way, only one laser turning unit can achieve five movements.
In some cases, the variable axis laser turning operation may be defined as variable axis multi-laser multi-axis turning or variable axis multi-coordinate multi-laser turning, that is, turning a surface region of a workpiece with a plurality of laser beams (including two or more laser beams), where the laser beams may achieve distance adjustment between a focal point and a processing material, and the focal point of the laser beams after passing through the corresponding optical path system may move along the axis direction of the rotating component, and in addition, two rotational degrees of freedom may be added, so that the postures of the laser beams may be adjusted.
By adopting the variable-axis multi-coordinate multi-laser turning, the time synchronization and space multi-level pretreatment or removal processing of the difficult-to-process material can be realized.
Further, the physical and/or chemical modification comprises: the hard-to-process material of the surface layer of the workpiece is softened, melted, gasified, or chemically bonded by a thermal effect and/or a photo-chemical effect generated by the laser beam, without being limited thereto.
Further, the laser fine removal reshaping comprises: the shape is changed by the fine removal by the pulsed (short pulse, ultrashort pulse) laser, thereby providing a favorable aid for the main processing.
Further, for a difficult-to-machine material, when the variable axis multi-laser turning process is taken as an auxiliary process of the CNC milling process, it may be presented as a laser thermal effect process modification auxiliary, a laser fine removal modification/reshaping auxiliary, and the like, without being limited thereto.
Further, the CNC milling operation may include: the method is characterized in that CNC milling is adopted to carry out high-efficiency, high-quality and high-precision machining on typical characteristics (such as curved surfaces, inclined holes and the like) of a workpiece, or milling processing is carried out on an area of the surface of the workpiece after variable-axis laser turning operation.
The CNC milling process can achieve laser turning assisted high feed removal or laser turned material removal.
In some cases, the CNC milling operation includes: the cutting tool is controlled by computer to perform linkage processing on the workpiece in more than four axes, for example, the milling cutter is driven to perform linear motion along X, Y and Z axes and rotational motion around at least one of the X, Y and Z axes (for example, Y and Z axes) in a three-dimensional coordinate system, and further, the workpiece can be simultaneously rotated around the axis of a main shaft.
In the above embodiment of the present invention, the variable axis laser turning process and the CNC milling process are combined, so that advantages of both processes can be fully exerted, for example, the variable axis multi-laser turning process uses multiple lasers to simultaneously process multiple regions, so as to improve processing efficiency and ensure better processing quality, and is combined with the CNC milling process, so as to further improve material removal rate, and has technical characteristics of feature driving, selective partition processing, material universality, and composite mode diversity (for example, various motion realization forms, multi-coordinate linkage, such as nine-axis linkage multi-laser turning-CNC composite), etc., so that great advantages are provided in precision and high-efficiency processing of complex parts, such as non-contact high-efficiency surface processing of rotary parts, high-efficiency removal processing of local typical features, etc., and the present invention is particularly suitable for advanced, lead or extreme materials (such as superhard milling, etc.), and is particularly suitable for advanced, lead or extreme materials, Ultra-brittle, ultra-soft, composite, difficult-to-cut, etc.).
Referring to fig. 1, in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a variable axis multiple laser turning-multiple axis CNC milling composite processing system includes:
a laser turning unit including a plurality of lasers 71, 72, …, 7i (i is 1, 2, …, n) which can emit a plurality of laser beams 21, 22, …, 2i for performing the aforementioned variable axis laser turning operation, and an optical path system end or a laser processing head or the like which is matched with the plurality of lasers;
the CNC milling unit comprises a milling cutter 4 and a milling motion module 5 connected with the milling cutter and is used for executing CNC milling operation; and
and the computer control unit 6 is connected with the laser turning unit and the CNC milling unit.
Further, the laser turning unit may further include a CCD vision detection system, a position positioning device (such as a laser range finder), and other on-line detection devices.
Further, the CNC milling unit may also comprise an online detection device, such as a machine vision, a sound sensor, a force feedback position measurement device, or a laser displacement sensor.
Further, one or more of the lasers can move in a coordinate system of the laser turning unit, so that the focal point of the laser beam emitted by the one or more lasers after passing through the corresponding optical path system and the workpiece relatively move at least along the Z axis of the coordinate system, and/or the focal point of the laser beam emitted by the at least one laser after passing through the corresponding optical path system rotates around the X axis or the Y axis of the coordinate system.
Wherein, vibration assistance can be added on the basis of the existing movement form of the laser beam emitted by one or more lasers to realize the dynamic characteristic of the movement of the beam, and the vibration comprises low-frequency, medium-frequency or high-frequency and/or ultrasonic vibration. Through the vibration of the additional edge of the laser beam axis, the defocusing amount between the laser spot and the processed material can be adjusted, meanwhile, the heat dissipation effect in the action process of the laser heat and the workpiece material can be improved through the kinematic change of the processing area, the process is reasonably regulated and controlled, and the improvement of the processing heat influence is further realized.
The workpiece may be a revolving body as described above, and the Z axis is an axis of the revolving body. The laser beams emitted by the one or more lasers pass through the corresponding optical path system, then the focal points can perform linear motion along the axis direction of the revolving body, and can also perform linear motion along the direction vertical to the axis of the revolving body, and meanwhile, two rotational degrees of freedom are added; in addition, the revolving workpiece can also rotate. In this way, a movement in five dimensions can be achieved with only one laser turning unit.
Further, in the operation of the composite machining system, the workpiece 3 is fixed on a spindle through the chuck 1 and rotates around the axis of the spindle in a workpiece coordinate system, and the milling cutter can perform linear motion along the X-axis, the Y-axis and the Z-axis and rotational motion around the Y-axis and the Z-axis (the rotation angles are respectively controlled to be B, C) in a CNC milling unit coordinate system, so that five-axis motion of the cutting machining tool is realized.
In this FIG. 1, Ow、Xw、Yw、ZwAs a coordinate system of the workpiece, OLi、XLi、YLi、ZLiAs a coordinate system of the laser turning unit, OM、XM、YM、ZMIs the coordinate system of the CNC milling unit. CL、BLAngle of rotation of focal point of light beam relative to workpiece, CM、BMIs the angle of rotation of the tool relative to the workpiece. VfIs the speed of movement of the focal point of the beam relative to the workpiece. n isM、nWThe rotation speed of the milling cutter and the spindle.
By adopting the composite processing system shown in fig. 1, a process of synchronously compounding variable-axis multi-laser turning and CNC multi-axis milling can be realized, further, the processing of workpieces, such as the micro-processing of parts, can be realized in a time synchronization or time step-by-step manner and a space synchronization or step-by-step manner, and the specific form is as follows:
(1) the workpiece can rotate;
(2) the laser beam is single beam, double beam or multiple beams; the distance between the tail end of the optical path system or the laser processing head corresponding to the laser beam and the processing material can be adjusted, the relative motion between the processing focus and the material is realized through linear movement, and meanwhile, the rotation angle C of the tail end of the optical path system or the laser processing head corresponding to the laser beam around the Z axis and the Y axis is adjustedL、BLThe spatial attitude control of the light beam and the processing area is realized;
(3) laser beams are subjected to thermal effects such as melting, gasification and the like and photo-chemical actions, namely chemical bond breakage, so that the softening, modification or thin layer removal of the surface layer of the material which is difficult to machine of the workpiece is realized, and whether the next CNC milling removal is carried out or not can be considered according to requirements;
(4) the CNC milling is carried out data processing through a computer digital control system (namely the computer control unit 6), a motor is controlled through a driver in a milling motion module 5 to realize precise motion, and a main shaft and an additional rotating shaft are matched, so that the milling cutter does linear motion along an X axis, a Y axis and a Z axis, and rotary motion of a C angle around the Y axis and a B angle around the Z axis in a coordinate system of the CNC milling unit to realize five-axis linkage processing of a cutting processing cutter;
(5) linkage: aiming at different workpiece processing characteristics, processing technical requirements and functional structure requirements, multi-laser multi-axis turning and CNC milling can be carried out in a linkage mode (parallel in time, namely synchronous in process), and selective partition and characteristic driving composite processing is achieved, so that respective advantages are exerted, or aiming at the same processing area on a workpiece, two processes of multi-laser multi-axis turning and CNC milling or energy fields are carried out sequentially in time (namely step-by-step processing), and laser turning is used as auxiliary processing of CNC milling.
In the foregoing processing process, an angle range of an ideal laser beam relative to a workpiece may be determined by methods such as process base research, numerical simulation, theoretical modeling analysis, and the like according to a manner known in the art, and meanwhile, a variable-axis laser turning process window may be established in combination with other process parameters known in the art; the vector control can be carried out according to a series of known process tests, and corresponding ideal process parameters (including laser beam angles) can drive a servo motor through a numerical control system to control the tail end of a light path system or a laser processing head corresponding to one or more lasers so as to carry out attitude control; the laser parameters can be regulated and controlled by the laser control unit, so that the optimized processing process window is realized.
In the machining process, the state of the whole machining system can be monitored in real time by adopting the online detection devices such as the CCD vision sensor, the sound sensor, the force feedback position measurement or the laser displacement sensor, and the working states of the laser turning unit and the CNC milling unit can be regulated and controlled in time by the computer control unit.
The composite processing system and the corresponding composite processing method have the characteristics of multi-axis variability, controllable attitude, time-space synchronization or step-by-step, and have flexible working condition adaptability. Functionally, the laser thermal effect auxiliary treatment of the material can be realized to change the material property, and the material has a CNC four-axis, five-axis or more-axis milling function, or the CNC milling function can be performed after the fine removal treatment and/or the auxiliary modification of the material are realized, or the forming processing of fine scale features can be realized, such as the features of a fine scale groove, a fine scale hole, a fine scale special-shaped structure and the like.
Referring to fig. 2, in a more specific embodiment, for the structural features, such as various microstructures attached to the curved surface, of the revolving body component (such as the revolving body) made of advanced, leading or extreme materials (such as super-hard, super-brittle, super-soft or their composite materials, hard-to-cut materials, etc.), the processing can be performed by using the aforementioned composite processing system and the corresponding composite processing technology, which specifically includes: the method comprises the steps of firstly adopting variable-axis laser turning to pretreat a surface to be processed, modifying the surface material through laser heat assistance and the like, improving the processing performance of the material, then adopting CNC (computer numerical control) milling to process with large allowance to realize curved surface forming, then adopting variable-axis laser turning to realize ultra-precision processing of various microstructures (such as curved surface microgrooves, curved surface micropores, curved surface special-shaped microstructures and the like) of a curved surface, and finally obtaining the surface special-shaped structure with typical characteristics.
Further, referring to fig. 3, the process of forming the curved microstructure shown in fig. 2 may include:
1) performing a variable axis laser turning operation to pre-machine and/or surface treat a machining region of a workpiece (i.e., the aforementioned solid of revolution component);
2) performing CNC milling operation, processing a processing area of the workpiece to form a curved surface, judging whether the target processing precision is achieved, if so, performing the operation of the step (3), and if not, returning to the step 1);
3) and performing variable-axis laser turning operation to machine the machining area of the workpiece to form a curved surface microstructure (such as a curved surface micro-groove, a curved surface micro-hole, a curved surface special-shaped microstructure and the like).
According to actual requirements, the steps 1) to 3) can be repeatedly carried out.
Referring to fig. 4, in a more specific embodiment, according to the features of the revolving body component based on the difficult-to-machine material (having the inclined surface and other features on the inclined surface), the following machining routes can be adopted for machining the revolving body component by using the above-mentioned composite machining system and the corresponding composite machining process:
1) the revolving body is attached with an inclined surface and the inclined hole characteristics are prepared by single-step laser turning: the inclined plane processing adopts variable-axis laser turning to carry out surface pretreatment, then CNC milling is carried out to realize large-removal-amount efficient processing, and finally the inclined hole can be directly drilled by the variable-axis laser turning to realize efficient processing;
2) the additional inclined plane of the revolving body and the characteristic of preparing the inclined hole by step turning and milling are as follows: the inclined plane processing adopts variable axis laser turning to carry out surface pretreatment, and the CNC mills again and realizes getting rid of the high-efficient processing greatly, and the inclined hole need mill the system hole through variable axis laser turning at last, and rethread CNC mills finish machining system hole to satisfy high machining precision.
3) The rotator is attached with inclined plane and inclined hole characteristics: the inclined surface is directly subjected to CNC milling to realize large-removal-amount efficient processing; the inclined hole is processed through variable-axis laser turning, or CNC milling and finishing are carried out after the variable-axis laser turning, so that the processing effect is further improved.
Further, referring to fig. 5, the process of machining the inclined surface and the hole formed on the inclined surface of the rotator shown in fig. 4 may include:
1) performing variable-axis laser turning operation to perform preprocessing and/or surface treatment on a machining area of the revolving body;
2) performing CNC milling operation, performing large-allowance machining on a machining area of the workpiece by adopting a CNC five-axis milling mode to form an inclined plane, judging whether the target machining precision is achieved, if so, performing the operation of the step 3), and if not, returning to the step 1);
3) judging the hole making precision, if the hole making precision is low, performing the operation of the step 4), and if the hole making precision is high, performing the operation of the step 5);
4) performing variable-axis laser turning operation, drilling holes on the inclined surface, judging whether the machining precision of the target hole is achieved, if so, stopping machining, and if not, performing the step 4 again), and stopping machining until the machining precision of the target hole is achieved;
5) and (3) performing variable-axis laser turning operation, performing rough hole machining on the inclined surface, performing CNC five-axis milling operation, performing hole refining machining, judging whether the target hole machining precision is achieved, if so, stopping machining, otherwise, performing the step 5) again, and stopping machining until the target hole machining precision is achieved.
The aspects, embodiments, features and examples of the present invention should be considered as illustrative in all respects and not intended to be limiting of the invention, the scope of which is defined only by the claims. Other embodiments, modifications, and uses will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the claimed invention.
The use of headings and chapters in this disclosure is not meant to limit the disclosure; each section may apply to any aspect, embodiment, or feature of the disclosure.
While the invention has been described with reference to illustrative embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various other changes, omissions and/or additions may be made and substantial equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from its scope. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims. Moreover, unless specifically stated any use of the terms first, second, etc. do not denote any order or importance, but rather the terms first, second, etc. are used to distinguish one element from another.
Claims (10)
1. A variable-axis multi-laser turning-multi-axis CNC milling composite machining method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a variable axis laser turning operation comprising: performing pretreatment and/or removal processing on at least a difficult-to-process material on the surface layer of the workpiece by using more than one laser beam, wherein the pretreatment comprises physical and/or chemical modification and/or laser fine removal modification, and the spatial posture of at least one laser beam relative to the workpiece is adjustable;
a CNC milling operation comprising: processing a workpiece by utilizing a CNC multi-axis milling mode, wherein the multi-axis is more than four axes;
wherein the variable axis laser turning operation, the CNC milling operation are performed simultaneously or in steps.
2. The variable axis multiple laser turning-multiple axis CNC milling composite machining method of claim 1, characterized by comprising: performing the variable axis laser turning operation in a three-dimensional coordinate system, and performing space vector control on at least one laser beam during the variable axis laser turning operation, so that the at least one laser beam performs at least one of the following actions:
changing the distance between the focus of the at least one laser beam passing through the corresponding optical path system and the processing area of the workpiece;
enabling the focus of the at least one laser beam after passing through the corresponding optical path system and the workpiece to move relatively at least along the Z axis of the three-dimensional coordinate system, and/or enabling the focus of the at least one laser beam after passing through the corresponding optical path system to rotate around the X axis or the Y axis of the three-dimensional coordinate system and control the rotation angle, so that defocusing amount and spatial attitude control of the at least one laser beam relative to a processing area of the workpiece are realized; preferably, vibration assistance is added on the basis of the existing motion form of the at least one laser beam to realize the dynamic characteristic of the motion of the beam, wherein the vibration comprises low-frequency, medium-frequency or high-frequency and/or ultrasonic vibration; preferably, the workpiece is a revolving body capable of rotating, the Z axis is an axis of the revolving body, the focal point of the at least one laser beam passing through the corresponding optical path system can perform linear motion along the axis direction of the revolving body or perform linear movement along a direction perpendicular to the axis of the revolving body, and the focal point of the at least one laser beam passing through the corresponding optical path system is further provided with two rotational degrees of freedom.
3. The variable axis multiple laser turning-multiple axis CNC milling composite machining method of claim 1 wherein the variable axis laser turning operation comprises:
synchronously carrying out the pretreatment and/or the removal processing on different processing areas of the workpiece by utilizing a plurality of laser beams with different characteristics or the same characteristic;
alternatively, the pre-treatment and/or the removal process may be performed on the same processing area of the workpiece in steps using lasers having different characteristics or the same characteristics.
4. The variable axis multiple laser turning-multiple axis CNC milling composite machining method of claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the physical and/or chemical modification comprises: softening, melting, gasifying or breaking chemical bonds of the difficult-to-process material on the surface layer of the workpiece through the thermal effect and/or the photo-chemical effect generated by the laser beam; the laser micro-removal reshaping comprises the step of realizing micro-removal of a difficult-to-machine material on the surface layer of the workpiece through pulse laser to change the shape.
5. The variable axis multiple laser turning-multiple axis CNC milling composite machining method of claim 1 wherein the CNC milling operation comprises: the cutting tool carries out linkage machining or positioning machining of more than four axes on the workpiece by using a computer digital control mode.
6. The variable axis multiple laser turning-multiple axis CNC milling composite machining method of claim 1 further comprising: during the performance of the variable axis laser turning operation and/or CNC milling operation, the workpiece is caused to undergo a gyratory motion about the axis of rotation.
7. The variable axis multiple laser turning-multiple axis CNC milling composite machining method of claim 1 further comprising: and alternately repeating the variable-axis laser turning operation and the CNC milling operation to machine the workpiece until the target machining precision is reached, and then stopping machining.
8. The utility model provides a many laser turning of variable axle-multiaxis CNC milling combined machining system which characterized in that: the composite processing system is applied to the composite processing method as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 7, and the composite processing system includes:
the laser turning unit comprises more than one laser and an optical path system tail end or a laser processing head matched with the laser, and is used for executing variable-axis laser turning operation;
the CNC milling unit comprises a milling cutter and a milling motion module connected with the milling cutter and is used for executing CNC milling operation; and
and the computer control unit is connected with the laser turning unit and the CNC milling unit.
9. The variable axis multiple laser turning-multiple axis CNC milling composite machining system of claim 8 wherein: the tail end of the light path system or the laser processing head corresponding to the more than one laser can move in a three-dimensional coordinate system, so that the focus of the laser beam emitted by the more than one laser after passing through the light path system and the workpiece move relatively at least along the Z axis of the three-dimensional coordinate system, and/or the focus of the laser beam emitted by the more than one laser after passing through the corresponding light path system rotates around the X axis or the Y axis of the three-dimensional coordinate system; and/or the number of the lasers and the tail ends of the corresponding optical path systems or the number of the laser processing heads are multiple; and/or the laser turning unit further comprises an online monitoring device matched with the laser, and the online monitoring device comprises any one or combination of a CCD visual detection system and a position positioning device.
10. The variable axis multiple laser turning-multiple axis CNC milling composite machining system of claim 8 or 9, wherein: the milling motion module can drive the milling cutter to do linear motion along an X axis, a Y axis and a Z axis and rotary motion around at least one of the X axis, the Y axis and the Z axis in a three-dimensional coordinate system, and when the composite machining system works, a workpiece is fixed on a main shaft and can rotate around the axis of the main shaft; and/or the CNC milling unit further comprises an online detection device matched with the milling motion module, wherein the online detection device comprises any one or combination of a machine vision detection device, a sound sensor, a force feedback position measurement device and a laser displacement sensor.
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