CN112975210B - Welding wire for TC18 titanium alloy and welding method thereof - Google Patents
Welding wire for TC18 titanium alloy and welding method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112975210B CN112975210B CN202110464499.1A CN202110464499A CN112975210B CN 112975210 B CN112975210 B CN 112975210B CN 202110464499 A CN202110464499 A CN 202110464499A CN 112975210 B CN112975210 B CN 112975210B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/32—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at more than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/325—Ti as the principal constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
- B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/167—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/32—Accessories
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/32—Accessories
- B23K9/325—Devices for supplying or evacuating shielding gas
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Abstract
The invention discloses a welding wire for TC18 titanium alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5.5-6.5% of Al, 3.5-4.5% of Mo, 3.5-4.5% of V, 0.5-1.0% of Cr, 0.5-1.0% of Fe, 0.05-0.15% of B, and the balance of Ti and inevitable impurity elements; the invention also discloses a welding method of the welding wire for the TC18 titanium alloy, which comprises the following steps: and fixing the TC18 titanium alloy test plate to be welded, welding the TC18 titanium alloy test plate by using a welding wire, and cooling the test plate along with the furnace after vacuum aging. According to the welding wire, the alpha stable element is improved, the content of the beta stable element is reduced, and trace B element is added to refine beta grains, so that a joint formed by the welding wire has good strong plasticity matching; the welding wire is used for welding the TC18 titanium alloy test plate to be welded, and the plasticity of the welding wire is improved on the premise of ensuring the strength of a joint.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-strength titanium alloy welding, and particularly relates to a welding wire for a TC18 titanium alloy and a welding method thereof.
Background
Titanium alloy is widely applied to the fields of aviation, aerospace, chemical industry and the like because of the advantages of high specific strength, good plasticity, corrosion resistance and the like. The TC18 titanium alloy is a near-beta two-phase titanium alloy, has higher strength, fracture toughness and fatigue life compared with the traditional TC series two-phase titanium alloy, and is used for manufacturing structural parts such as aircraft landing gear, flap slide rails, large-size discs and blades of low-pressure compressors and the like. However, in the process of applying the TC18 titanium alloy as a structural material to the manufacture of structural members, the coarse beta-columnar crystals in the fusion zone cause poor joint plasticity, so that the application of the TC18 titanium alloy welding structure is limited. Therefore, the improvement of the plasticity of the TC18 titanium alloy welding joint is of great significance for promoting the further application of the welding structure in the aerospace field.
At present, the common fusion welding methods for titanium alloy welding structures include argon tungsten-arc welding and high-energy beam welding (plasma arc welding, electron beam welding and laser welding). Although high-energy beam welding can obtain a certain quality of joint due to the technological characteristics of quick cooling and quick heating, the investment and the operation cost of high-energy beam welding equipment are high, the size of a welding structure is limited by the size of a working cavity of the equipment, and the flexibility is low. Therefore, the titanium alloy still uses the most widely welding method in argon tungsten-arc welding. At present, no special welding wire aiming at TC18 titanium alloy exists in China, and two-phase titanium alloy welding wires such as SPT-2 and VT20-3 are adopted in many countries. Although the plasticity of the joint can be effectively improved by adopting the dual-phase titanium alloy welding wire, the strength loss of the joint is large and can only reach 70 percent of that of the base metal. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a corresponding welding wire for the TC18 titanium alloy in order to obtain a welded joint with a strong plastic match.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to provide a welding wire for TC18 titanium alloy, which overcomes the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art. The welding wire for the TC18 titanium alloy enables the titanium alloy to deviate to a two-phase region by improving the content of alpha stable elements and reducing the content of beta stable elements in the components, promotes beta nucleation through the alpha nucleation to play a role in refining beta grains, inhibits the growth of the grains by adding trace B elements to further refine the grains, and generates TiB to play a role in pinning beta grain boundaries, so that a joint formed by the welding wire for the TC18 titanium alloy has good strong plasticity matching.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the welding wire for the TC18 titanium alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 5.5-6.5% of Al, 3.5-4.5% of Mo, 3.5-4.5% of V, 0.5-1.0% of Cr, 0.5-1.0% of Fe, 0.05-0.15% of B, and the balance of Ti and inevitable impurity elements.
Compared with the existing method for ensuring the plasticity of the TC18 titanium alloy by adopting a dual-phase titanium alloy welding wire but losing the joint strength, the invention discovers that the welding wire adopting the TC18 titanium alloy body is adopted for argon tungsten-arc welding, although the joint strength can be ensured, the joint plasticity is obviously lower than that of a base metal due to thick beta crystal grains in a fusion area, so that aiming at the characteristics of the TC18 titanium alloy, the welding wire for the TC18 titanium alloy improves the content of an alpha stabilizing element Al in the welding wire, reduces the content of beta stabilizing elements Mo, V, Cr and Fe at the same time, leads the titanium alloy to shift to the dual-phase area, promotes beta nucleation through alpha nucleation to play a role in refining the beta crystal grains, and simultaneously adds trace B element, on one hand, the supercooling degree of the titanium alloy is increased to refine the crystal grains, on the other hand, TiB generated by the eutectoid reaction of B and Ti plays a role in pinning beta crystal grain boundary to inhibit the growth so as to refine the crystal grains, therefore, the TC18 titanium alloy joint formed by the welding wire for the TC18 titanium alloy has good strong plastic matching.
The welding wire for the TC18 titanium alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 6.1-6.2% of Al, 3.9-4.0% of Mo, 3.9-4.0% of V, 0.8-0.9% of Cr, 0.8-0.9% of Fe, 0.09-0.10% of B, and the balance of Ti and inevitable impurity elements. The TC18 titanium alloy welding wire with the preferred composition has obvious grain refinement and better strong plasticity matching.
In addition, the invention also discloses a welding method of the welding wire for the TC18 titanium alloy, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, after pickling and polishing a TC18 titanium alloy test plate to be welded to remove a surface oxide film, beveling the TC18 titanium alloy test plate to be welded by using a beveling machine, and wiping the surface of the TC18 titanium alloy test plate to be welded clean by using acetone;
secondly, fixing the TC18 titanium alloy test plate to be welded, which is cleaned from the surface in the step one, on a welding fixture in a butt joint mode, and controlling the gap of a butt joint welding line to be 2-4 mm;
step three, opening an argon switch to blow argon into the TC18 titanium alloy test plate to be welded fixed in the step two, so that the front side and the back side of the welding line are both in an argon protection atmosphere;
fourthly, starting a tungsten electrode argon arc welding machine, and feeding a welding wire for TC18 titanium alloy into the welding line in the argon protection atmosphere in the third step for welding, wherein the included angle between the welding wire for TC18 titanium alloy and the TC18 titanium alloy test plate to be welded is 15-30 degrees;
step five, closing the argon tungsten-arc welding machine after the welding in the step four is finished, then continuously feeding argon to protect the front and the back of the welding seam, and closing an argon switch after the protection is carried out for 3-5 min to obtain a welded TC18 titanium alloy test plate;
and step six, carrying out vacuum aging treatment on the welded TC18 titanium alloy test plate obtained in the step five, cooling the titanium alloy test plate to be below 100 ℃ along with the furnace, and discharging the titanium alloy test plate out of the furnace.
The welding wire for the TC18 titanium alloy is adopted, the TC18 titanium alloy test plate to be welded is welded through an argon arc welding method, namely the front side and the back side of the welding wire are protected by argon before, after and in the welding process, the welding of the TC18 titanium alloy test plate is realized, the plasticity of the TC18 titanium alloy welding joint can be effectively improved on the premise of ensuring the strength of the joint, and the welding wire is low in equipment requirement, low in cost and high in flexibility.
The welding method is characterized in that the groove in the step one is a V-shaped groove, and the angle of the groove is 60-70 degrees. The preferred groove shape and angle facilitate filling of the clad metal produced by wire welding.
The welding method is characterized in that the mass purity of the argon in the step three is not less than 99.99%, and the flow rate of the argon is 10-15L/min. This preferred argon gas and flow are favorable to guaranteeing the argon gas protection effect of welding seam among the welding process, avoid TC18 titanium alloy welded joint's oxidation.
The welding method is characterized in that the welding process parameters in the fourth step are as follows: the welding current is 80A-90A, the welding voltage is 22V-25V, and the welding speed is 300 mm/min-400 mm/min. The optimized welding process effectively avoids fusion welding defects such as air holes, undercuts, welding beading, cracks and the like, and improves the quality of TC18 titanium alloy welding joints.
The welding method is characterized in that the temperature of the vacuum aging treatment in the sixth step is 520-600 ℃, the heat preservation time is 4-8 h, and the vacuum degree is not more than 1 multiplied by 10-3Pa. The optimized vacuum aging treatment process parameters ensure that alpha phase is precipitated at the welding joint of the titanium alloy welded with TC18 to play a strengthening role, and the alpha phase is sufficiently preserved when heat is sufficiently preservedThe homogenization of precipitated phases is promoted, impurities are prevented from being introduced, and the plasticity of the TC18 titanium alloy welding joint is further effectively improved on the premise of ensuring the strength of the joint.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the welding wire for the TC18 titanium alloy has the advantages that the content of alpha stable elements is improved, the content of beta stable elements is reduced, the titanium alloy deviates to a two-phase region, beta nucleation is promoted through alpha nucleation, the beta crystal grain refining effect is achieved, the growth of the crystal grains is inhibited by adding trace B elements, the crystal grains are further refined, and TiB generated by the eutectoid reaction of B and Ti plays a role in pinning beta crystal boundary, so that a joint formed by the welding wire for the TC18 titanium alloy has good strong plasticity matching and is suitable for welding of the TC18 titanium alloy.
2. The welding test plate subjected to vacuum aging treatment has good strong plasticity matching, the room-temperature tensile strength Rm of the joint is more than or equal to 1100MPa, the yield strength Rp0.2 is more than or equal to 1000MPa, the elongation percentage A after fracture is =6% -8%, and the welding coefficient can reach 0.9.
3. The welding wire for the TC18 titanium alloy is adopted, the test plate to be welded is welded by the argon arc welding method, the plasticity of the TC18 titanium alloy welding joint is effectively improved on the premise of ensuring the strength of the joint, and the welding wire is low in equipment requirement, low in cost and high in flexibility.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by examples below.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The welding wire for the TC18 titanium alloy in the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 6.5 percent of Al, 4.5 percent of Mo, 4.5 percent of V, 1.0 percent of Cr, 1.0 percent of Fe, 0.15 percent of B, and the balance of Ti and inevitable impurity elements.
The method for performing argon tungsten-arc welding on the TC18 titanium alloy plate with the thickness of 4mm by adopting the welding wire for the TC18 titanium alloy comprises the following steps of:
after a TC18 titanium alloy test plate to be welded is subjected to acid pickling and polished to remove a surface oxide film, a V-shaped groove is formed in the TC18 titanium alloy test plate to be welded by a beveling machine, the angle of the groove is 60 degrees, and the surface of the TC18 titanium alloy test plate to be welded, a welding fixture and a TC18 titanium alloy are wiped cleanly by welding wires through acetone;
fixing the TC18 titanium alloy test plate to be welded, which is cleaned on the surface in the step one, on a welding fixture which is cleaned on the surface in a butt joint mode, and controlling the gap of a butt joint welding line to be 2 mm;
step three, opening an argon switch to blow argon into the TC18 titanium alloy test plate to be welded fixed in the step two, so that the front side and the back side of the welding line are both in an argon protection atmosphere; the mass purity of the argon is 99.99%, and the flow of the argon is 15L/min;
fourthly, starting a tungsten electrode argon arc welding machine, and feeding the welding line in the argon protection atmosphere in the third step with a welding wire for TC18 titanium alloy with a clean surface for welding, wherein the included angle between the welding wire for TC18 titanium alloy and the TC18 titanium alloy test plate to be welded is 15 degrees; the welding process parameters are as follows: the welding current is 90A, the welding voltage is 22V, and the welding speed is 400 mm/min;
step five, after the welding in the step four is finished, closing the argon tungsten-arc welding machine, then continuously feeding argon to protect the front and the back of the welding seam, and closing an argon switch after 5min of protection to obtain a welded TC18 titanium alloy test plate;
step six, welding the TC18 titanium alloy test plate obtained in the step five at the temperature of 600 ℃ and the vacuum degree of 1 multiplied by 10-3Keeping the temperature for 4 hours under Pa, carrying out vacuum aging treatment, cooling to below 100 ℃ along with the furnace, and discharging.
The joint welded with the TC18 titanium alloy test plate in the embodiment after the furnace is taken out is subjected to X-ray inspection, and the inspection result shows that the joint has no defects such as air holes, cracks, undercuts, welding beading and the like and has good weld forming quality.
Example 2
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: in the sixth step, the temperature of the vacuum aging treatment is 560 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 6 h.
Example 3
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: in the sixth step, the temperature of the vacuum aging treatment is 520 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 8 h.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that: the TC18 titanium alloy body welding wire is composed of the following components in percentage by mass: 4.9 percent of Al, 5.3 percent of Mo, 5.1 percent of V, 1.1 percent of Cr, 0.9 percent of Fe, and the balance of Ti and inevitable impurity elements.
Example 4
The welding wire for the TC18 titanium alloy in the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5.5 percent of Al, 3.5 percent of Mo, 3.5 percent of V, 0.5 percent of Cr, 0.5 percent of Fe, 0.05 percent of B, and the balance of Ti and inevitable impurity elements.
The method for performing argon tungsten-arc welding on the TC18 titanium alloy plate with the thickness of 4mm by adopting the welding wire for the TC18 titanium alloy comprises the following steps of:
after a TC18 titanium alloy test plate to be welded is subjected to acid pickling and polished to remove a surface oxide film, a V-shaped groove is formed in the TC18 titanium alloy test plate to be welded by using a beveling machine, the angle of the groove is 70 degrees, and the surface of the TC18 titanium alloy test plate to be welded, a welding fixture and a TC18 titanium alloy are wiped cleanly by using acetone through welding wires;
fixing the TC18 titanium alloy test plate to be welded, which is cleaned on the surface in the step one, on a welding fixture which is cleaned on the surface in a butt joint mode, wherein the butt joint weld gap is 4 mm;
step three, opening an argon switch to blow argon into the TC18 titanium alloy test plate to be welded fixed in the step two, so that the front side and the back side of the welding line are both in an argon protection atmosphere; the mass purity of the argon is 99.99%, and the flow of the argon is 10L/min;
fourthly, starting a tungsten electrode argon arc welding machine, and feeding the welding line in the argon protection atmosphere in the third step with a welding wire for TC18 titanium alloy with a clean surface for welding, wherein the included angle between the welding wire for TC18 titanium alloy and the TC18 titanium alloy test plate to be welded is 30 degrees; the welding process parameters are as follows: the welding current is 80A, the welding voltage is 25V, and the welding speed is 300 mm/min;
step five, after the welding in the step four is finished, closing the argon tungsten-arc welding machine, then continuously feeding argon to protect the front and the back of the welding seam, and closing an argon switch after 3min of protection to obtain a welded TC18 titanium alloy test plate;
step six, welding the TC18 titanium alloy test plate obtained in the step five at 580 ℃ and the vacuum degree of 1 multiplied by 10-3Keeping the temperature for 6 hours under Pa, carrying out vacuum aging treatment, cooling to below 100 ℃ along with the furnace, and discharging.
The joint welded with the TC18 titanium alloy test plate in the embodiment after the furnace is taken out is subjected to X-ray inspection, and the inspection result shows that the joint has no defects such as air holes, cracks, undercuts, welding beading and the like and has good weld forming quality.
Example 5
This embodiment is different from embodiment 4 in that: the welding wire for the TC18 titanium alloy in the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 6.1% of Al, 3.9% of Mo, 3.9% of V, 0.8% of Cr, 0.8% of Fe, 0.09% of B and the balance of Ti and inevitable impurity elements.
This embodiment is different from embodiment 4 in that: the welding process parameters are as follows: welding current 88A, welding voltage 23V and welding speed 350 mm/min.
Example 6
This embodiment is different from embodiment 5 in that: the welding wire for the TC18 titanium alloy in the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 6.16% of Al, 4.0% of Mo, 4.0% of V, 0.9% of Cr, 0.9% of Fe, 0.10% of B, and the balance of Ti and inevitable impurity elements.
Example 7
This embodiment is different from embodiment 5 in that: the welding wire for the TC18 titanium alloy in the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 6.2 percent of Al, 3.96 percent of Mo, 3.96 percent of V, 0.82 percent of Cr, 0.82 percent of Fe, 0.09 percent of B, and the balance of Ti and inevitable impurity elements.
The mechanical properties of the joints welded with the TC18 titanium alloy test plates in examples 1 to 7 and comparative example 1 of the present invention were measured, and the results are shown in table 1.
As can be seen from table 1, the joint welded by the welding wire for TC18 titanium alloy TC18 titanium alloy test plate in examples 1 to 7 of the present invention realizes the strong plastic matching, and is more excellent than the joint welded by the welding wire for TC18 titanium alloy bulk welded TC18 titanium alloy test plate in comparative example 1.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent changes of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The welding wire for the TC18 titanium alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 6.1-6.5% of Al, 3.9-4.5% of Mo, 3.9-4.5% of V, 0.8-1.0% of Cr, 0.8-1.0% of Fe, 0.09-0.15% of B, and the balance of Ti and inevitable impurity elements.
2. The welding wire for the TC18 titanium alloy as set forth in claim 1, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 6.1-6.2% of Al, 3.9-4.0% of Mo, 3.9-4.0% of V, 0.8-0.9% of Cr, 0.8-0.9% of Fe, 0.09-0.10% of B, and the balance of Ti and inevitable impurity elements.
3. A method of welding the welding wire for TC18 titanium alloy as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, characterized by comprising the steps of:
firstly, after pickling and polishing a TC18 titanium alloy test plate to be welded to remove a surface oxide film, beveling the TC18 titanium alloy test plate to be welded by using a beveling machine, and wiping the surface of the TC18 titanium alloy test plate to be welded clean by using acetone;
secondly, fixing the TC18 titanium alloy test plate to be welded, which is cleaned from the surface in the step one, on a welding fixture in a butt joint mode, and controlling the gap of a butt joint welding line to be 2-4 mm;
step three, opening an argon switch to blow argon into the TC18 titanium alloy test plate to be welded fixed in the step two, so that the front side and the back side of the welding line are both in an argon protection atmosphere;
fourthly, starting a tungsten electrode argon arc welding machine, and feeding a welding wire for TC18 titanium alloy into the welding line in the argon protection atmosphere in the third step for welding, wherein the included angle between the welding wire for TC18 titanium alloy and the TC18 titanium alloy test plate to be welded is 15-30 degrees;
step five, closing the argon tungsten-arc welding machine after the welding in the step four is finished, then continuously feeding argon to protect the front and the back of the welding seam, and closing an argon switch after the protection is carried out for 3-5 min to obtain a welded TC18 titanium alloy test plate;
and step six, carrying out vacuum aging treatment on the welded TC18 titanium alloy test plate obtained in the step five, cooling the titanium alloy test plate to be below 100 ℃ along with the furnace, and discharging the titanium alloy test plate out of the furnace.
4. The welding method according to claim 3, wherein the bevel in the first step is a V-shaped bevel, and the bevel angle is 60-70 °.
5. The welding method of claim 3, wherein the mass purity of the argon gas in step three is not less than 99.99%, and the flow rate of the argon gas is 10L/min to 15L/min.
6. The welding method according to claim 3, characterized in that the process parameters of the welding in step four are: the welding current is 80A-90A, the welding voltage is 22V-25V, and the welding speed is 300 mm/min-400 mm/min.
7. The welding method according to claim 3, wherein the temperature of the vacuum aging treatment in the sixth step is 520 ℃ to 600 ℃, the heat preservation time is 4h to 8h, and the vacuum degree is not more than 1 x 10-3Pa。
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